Date: 2020-01-20

Dear all

in the following please find the a new draft of prEN50176 (document SC31-8/Sec/0267/INF) with
further modifications made by Mr. Möckel.

The following clauses has been modified, or new text has been added:
Clause 1.1
Clause 3.27
Clause 5.1.1
Clause 5.1.4.2
Clause 5.1.4.3
Clause 5.1.6.1
Clause 5.1.6.2
Clause 5.2.3
Clause 5.2.8
Clause 6.1.1.1
Clause 6.1.7 (new, 'Preliminary tests)
Clause 6.1.8
Clause 6.1.9
Clause 7.2.2
Clause 7.2.5
Clause 7.3.1
Clause 7.3.2
Clause 7.3.3.4 (new, multiple marking in case several standards apply)
Annex A
Annex B (new, ignition test within the gas mixture)
Annex C
Annex D

It will have to be discussed if figures are to be included in the Annex. Mr. Möckel will check for suitable
figures.

Secretary CENELEC TC31/SC31-8

and CENELEC TC204
SC31-8/Sec/0267/INF CEN-CENELEC/TC 31/SC31-8
Date: 201720-01-1411

prEN 50176:2017
CEN-CENELEC/TC 31/SC31-8

Automatic electrostatic application systems for ignitable coating

material — Safety requirements
Automatische elektrostatische Beschichtungssysteme für entzündbare Beschichtungsstoffe —
Sicherheitsanforderungen

Systèmes automatiques de projection électrostatique de produit liquide de revêtement inflammable — Exigences de

sécurité

ICS:

Descriptors:

Document type: European Standard

Document subtype:
Document stage: Working Document
Document language: E

https://arbeitsbereiche.bghm.de/organisation/HSG/ABHM3/SGOTS/Themenfelder/Lackieren/OFB -
Normung/CLC/Standards/EN 50176/2020/NWIP/prEN50176_2020_01_14_E.docx STD Version 2.8l
prEN 50176:2017 (E)

European foreword

This document (prEN 50176:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN-CENELEC/TC 31/SC31-
8 “Electrostatic painting and finishing equipment”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.

This document is a working document.

This document was prepared by SC 31-8, Electrostatic painting and finishing equipment, of Technical
Committee CENELEC TC 31, Electrical apparatus for potentially explosive atmospheres.

The text of the draft was submitted to the formal vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 50176 on XXXX-
XX-XX.

This document will supercede EN 50176:2009.

The significant changes with respect to EN 50176:2009 are as listed below:

— modification of the title of the document;

— new arrangement and new designation of the types of spray systems;

— new arrangement and amendments of the requirements for automatic spraying equipment for ignitable
liquid coating materials;

— introduction of requirements about non-electric ignition sources of spraying systems

— introduction of requirements about non-electric ignition sources of automatic cleaning systems

— definition of requirements for safety functions;

— new arrangement and amendment of tests for automatic spraying equipment for ignitable liquid coating
materials;

— new arrangement and extension of the information for use;

— definition of requirements for repeated tests;

— introduction of the normative Annex A “Test for ignition protection using a shunt and an oscilloscope”;

— introduction of the normative Annex B “Measurement of a discharge with the peak current value IC (p) and
the pulse duration ti (type test)”;

— introduction of the informative Annex C “Example for discharge measurement”;

— introduction of the revised informative Annex D “Ignitability of coating materials”.

The following dates were fixed:

– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented

at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) XXXX-XX-XX

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– latest date by which the national standards conflicting

with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) XXXX-XX-XX

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CENELEC by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association and covers essential requirements of EU Directive 2014/34/EU, see
Annex ZZ.

CENELEC/TC 31 as the responsible committee has concluded that this new edition of EN 50176 does not
contain substantial changes regarding the ESRs.

The State of the Art is included in Annex ZY “Significant changes between this document and EN 50176:2009”.

___________

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Contents
1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 6
2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................... 7
3 Definitions .......................................................................................................................................................... 8
4 Hazards ..............................................................................................................................................................12
4.1 Explosion hazards........................................................................................................................................... 12
4.2 Electric hazards ............................................................................................................................................... 13
5 Requirements for spraying systems .......................................................................................................... 15
5.1 Requirements for spraying systems depending on the type ..............................................................15
5.2 Requirements for all types of spraying systems ....................................................................................19
5.3 Coating material supply system..................................................................................................................20
5.4 Requirements for the control system ....................................................................................................... 21
6 Tests ................................................................................................................................................................... 22
6.1 Type tests ..........................................................................................................................................................22
6.2 Tests before commissioning and repeated tests....................................................................................24
6.3 Routine test of the disconnection of the high voltage ........................................................................... 28
7 Information for use ........................................................................................................................................ 30
7.1 General...............................................................................................................................................................30
7.2 Instruction manual ......................................................................................................................................... 30
7.3 Marking .............................................................................................................................................................32
7.4 Warning sign ....................................................................................................................................................36
(normative) Test for ignition protection using a shunt and an oscilloscope..............................37
(normative) Ignition test within the gas mixture ............................................................................... 39
B.1 General...............................................................................................................................................................39
B.2 Preparations ....................................................................................................................................................40
B.3 Test ..................................................................................................................................................................... 40
B.4 Result ................................................................................................................................................................. 40
(normative) Measurement of a discharge with the peak current value IC (p) and the
pulse duration ti (type test) .........................................................................................................................41
(informative) Example for discharge measurement ......................................................................... 48
(informative) Ignitability of coating materials ...................................................................................50
E.1 Non-ignitable coating materials .................................................................................................................50
E.2 Ignitable coating materials ..........................................................................................................................50
Annex ZY (informative) Significant changes between this Document and EN 50176:2009....................52
Annex ZZ (informative) Coverage of Essential Requirements of EU Directives ......................................... 53

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Figures

Figure 1 — Pulse duration - body current, risk of ventricular fibrillation ....................................................................... 18

Figure 2 – Test assembly of spraying system with direct charging..................................................................................... 29

Figure 3 – Test assembly of spraying system with external charging ................................................................................ 29

Figure C.1.1 - Equivalent circuit diagram with shunt and oscilloscope ............................................................................. 44

Figure C.1.2 - Equivalent circuit diagram with current transformer and oscilloscope............................................... 45

Figure C.2 — Schematic discharge curve ........................................................................................................................................ 46

Figure D.1 — Discharge plot ................................................................................................................................................................ 48

Tables

Table 2 – Requirements for spraying systems depending on the type .............................................................................. 15

Table 3 — Requirements for safety functions of spraying systems .................................................................................... 21

Table 4 – Survey of tests ........................................................................................................................................................................ 26

Table 5 – Test intervals .......................................................................................................................................................................... 31

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Introduction

During the electrostatic coating process, the liquid ignitable liquid coating material is transported to a spraying
device where it is atomised by mechanical forces and/or by the influence of an electric field. The generated
spray cloud is charged by high voltage high-voltage of some 10 kV, is attracted by and is applied to the earthed
workpiece.

Spray clouds which are not applied to the workpiece (overspray) are removed by a suction device or by other
means.

The coating material is cured at room temperature or by heating.

1 Scope
1.1 This document specifies the electrical requirements for the design of automatic electrostatic application
systems for liquid coating materials which can be ignited in an atomised state.

This standard considers automatic electrostatic application systems for processing ignitable liquid coating Formatiert: Hervorheben
materials with an ignition temperature > 135 °C.

This standard considers automatic electrostatic application systems for processing liquid ignitable liquid
coating materials, where the conductivity of the complete system is limited up to 50 𝑥 10−98 S/cm. Together
with additional measures like e.g. potential separation systems, these requirements can also be applied to
liquid ignitable coating materials, where the conductivity of the complete system is limited up to
2 𝑥 10−3 S/cm .

Ignition hazards related to the generated explosive atmosphere and the protection of persons against electric
shock are considered.

Only electrostatic spraying systems operating with a DC sinusoidal ripple of not more than 10 % of the r.m.s.
value are considered.

Ignition hazards related to non-electrical ignition sources of spraying systems and/or automatic cleaning
systems are considered.

1.2 This document also specifies requirements for

— spray booths in addition to EN16985, and

— coating material supply systems in addition to EN12621,

in case electrostatic application systems are used.

1.3 This Document also specifies requirements for a safe operation of electrostatic application systems,
including the electrical installation. The requirements consider both the processing of coating materials and
the cleaning and purge processes.

1.4 This document considers three types of electrostatic application systems; see 5.1.

1.5 The electrostatic application systems are classified as equipment of group II, category 2G or category 3G.

1.6 The specific significant risk related to all other hazards of this equipment are not dealt with in this
standard, but in EN 1953,

1.7 This document is not applicable to

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— automatic electrostatic application systems for non ignitable coating materials, see EN 50348;

— electrostatic hand-held spraying equipment, see EN50050 parts 1 to 3, and EN 50059;

— general requirements for spray booths, see EN 16985;

— general requirements for supply of coating materials, see EN 12621;

— potential separation systems;

— selection, installation and application of other electrical and non electrical equipment in areas with
explosion hazard, see EN 60079-14 and EN 16985.

1.8 This European Standard is not applicable to equipment manufactured before the date of its publication as
European Standard.

2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.

EN 1081, Resilient floor coverings – Determination of the electrical resistance

EN 1127-1, Explosive atmospheres – Explosion prevention and protection – Part 1: Basic concepts and
methodology

EN 1149-5, Protective clothing – Electrostatic properties – Part 5: Material performance and design
requirements

EN 16985; Spray booths for organic coating material – Safety requirements

EN 50050-1, Electrostatic hand-held spraying equipment - Safety requirements - Part 1: Hand-held spraying
equipment for ignitable liquid coating materials

EN 60079-0, Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres – Part 0: General requirements (IEC 60079-0)

EN 60204-1, Safety of machinery – Electrical equipment of machines – Part 1: General requirements

(IEC 60204-1)

EN 60529:1991, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code) (IEC 60529:1989)

EN 61340-4-1, Electrostatics – Part 4-1: Standard test methods for specific applications – Electrical resistance of
floor coverings and installed floors (IEC 61340-4-1)

EN 62061, Safety of machinery – Functional safety of safety-related electrical, electronic and programmable
electronic control systems (IEC 62061)

EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk reduction
(ISO 12100:2010)

EN ISO 12100:2013, Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk reduction (ISO
12100:2010); Corrigendum to DIN EN ISO 12100:2011-03

EN ISO 13849-1, Safety of machinery – Safety-related parts of control systems – General principles for design
(ISO 13849-1)

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EN ISO 19353, Safety of machinery – Fire prevention and fire protection

EN ISO 20344, Personal protective equipment – Test method for footwear (ISO 20344)

EN ISO 80079-36:2016, Explosive atmospheres – Part 36: Non-electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres –
Basic method and requirements (ISO 80079-36:2016)

3 Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

3.1
application system
automatic electrostatic application system, in which the spraying device is either fixed stationary (e.g. on
supports) and is operated automatically or is guided by reciprocators (e.g. robots).

In general, the application system comprises the following:

– spraying system;
– spray booth with technical ventilation;
– fixtures for workpieces;
– conveyors;
– earthting system;
– fire prevention and protection equipment
– coating material supply system
3.2
spraying system
devices for application of liquid coating material by means of electrostatic charge.

In general, the spraying system comprises the following:

– spraying device;
– high voltage high-voltage electrode;
– high voltage high-voltage supply system;
– control system
Note 1 to entry: The term 'spraying system' is a synonym to the terms 'applicator' of EN 50050-1 and 'automatic
spraying device' of EN 1953.

Note 2 to entry: The high voltage high-voltage supply system may be an integral part of the control system.

3.3
spraying device
outlet part of the spraying system for the coating material and, if applicable, the atomising air and shaping air

Note 1 to entry: Typical designs are nozzles or rotating discs, or bell-shaped devices.

3.4
high voltage high-voltage supply system
In general, the system comprises the following:

─ low voltage section with devices for switching on and off the unit and for adjustment, control, regulation,
limitation and monitoring of current and voltage, as well as the required connecting cables;

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─ high voltage high-voltage generator;

─ high voltage high-voltage switching device;
─ high voltage high-voltage cable;
─ high voltage high-voltage plug-and-socket connector
3.5
coating material supply system
system, comprising components for supplying the spraying system with coating material, like e.g.

— pressurised or depressurised containers,

— pumps,

— controllers and valves,

— ducts and hoses

3.6
hazardous discharge
discharge which generates the hazard of ignition of explosive mixtures or of electric shock

3.7
workpiece
article to which the coating material is applied

3.8
non-ignitable coating materials
substances, especially varnishes, which cannot be ignited by an effective ignition source, or are not explosive,
during spraying

Note 1 to entry: A formula for the estimation of ignitability on the basis of the composition of the coating material is
given in Annex DE. Kommentiert [KRB1]: improve wording

3.9
ignitable coating materials
sprayed materials, especially varnishes, which could be ignited by an effective ignition source and which
continue to burn after the ignition source has been removed or may react in the form of an explosion

Note 1 to entry: A formula for the estimation of ignitability on the basis of the composition of the coating material is
given in Annex DE. Kommentiert [KRB2]: improve wording

3.10
explosive atmosphere
mixture of air, under atmospheric conditions, and ignitable substances in the form of gas, vapour, mist, powder
or flock, in such proportions that it can be ignited by effective ignition sources, such as excessive temperature,
arcs or sparks [see EN 1127-1]

3.11
discharge energy
energy, transferred charge, body current and pulse duration that become free from a part of the installation in
form of a spark which could cause both electric shock to a person and/or an ignition of an explosive
atmosphere

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3.12
dissipative footwear
footwear that has a resistance to earth via its sole, which is low enough to prevent the build-up of electrostatic
charges capable to produce an incendive discharge [see EN ISO 20344]

Note 1 to entry: A necessary electric insulating resistance to prevent electric shocks is not contradictory to this
definition.

3.13
dissipative floor
floor that has a resistance to earth, which is low enough to prevent the build-up of electrostatic charges capable
to produce an incendive discharge

3.14
constant-voltage mode
closed control circuit system with direct feedback of the actual value of the high voltage high-voltage to a
control device. During the constant-voltage mode the adjusted high voltage high-voltage is maintained
constant up to the performance limit of the high voltage high-voltage part, independent of the variable
operational current

Note 1 to entry: The symbol for this mode is Uk.

3.15
voltage-controlled mode
open control circuit system without feedback of the high voltage. During the voltage-controlled mode the high
voltage high-voltage is adjusted generally at a defined operational current. The high voltage high-voltage is
not maintained constant by a control device, it varies depending on the operational current and the on-load
behaviour of the high voltage high-voltage device

Note 1 to entry: The symbol for of mode is Uv.

3.16
constant current mode
closed control circuit system with direct feedback of the actual value of the operating current to a control
device. The operational current is maintained constant, and the high voltage high-voltage varies load-
dependently between a minimum and a maximum value defined by the process

Note 1 to entry: The symbol for this mode is Ik.

3.17
current-controlled mode
closed control circuit system with direct feedback of the actual value of the operating current and the actual
value of the high voltage high-voltage to a control device. The operating current is controlled, the high voltage
high-voltage varies load-dependently between a minimum and a maximum value defined by the process.

Note 1 to entry: The symbol for this mode is Iv.

3.18
operational current
current which flows within the high voltage high-voltage circuit during failure-free operation

Note 1 to entry: The symbol for the operational current is Ib.

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3.19
overcurrent
current occurring during a malfunction, exceeding the operational current of the high voltage high-voltage circuit
and giving rise to expect that in voltage-controlled and constant voltage operation hazardous discharges or arcs
between high voltage high-voltage parts and earthed parts of the plant could occur in case the safety distance
drops below the permissible limit
Note 1 to entry: The symbol for overcurrent in the high voltage high-voltage circuit is Iü.

3.20
maximum admissible operating voltage
voltage of the high voltage high-voltage circuit giving rise to expect that hazardous discharges or arcs could
occur between high voltage high-voltage parts and earthed parts of the plant

Note 1 to entry: The symbol for the maximum admissible operating voltage is Uapp.

3.21
minimum voltage
voltage of the high voltage high-voltage circuit giving rise to expect that in constant current mode hazardous
discharges or arcs could occur between high voltage high-voltage parts and earthed parts of the plant, in case
the safety distance drops below the permissible limit
Note 1 to entry: The symbol for minimum voltage in the high voltage high-voltage circuit is Umin.

3.22
disconnection threshold
limit value for current Iü or voltage Umin. In case of any deviation of the actual value from the threshold value,
disconnection of the high voltage high-voltage supply is activated

3.23
locally acting fire extinguishing system
device which protects the highly hazardous area between spraying system and workpiece and is actuated
immediately in case of fire. It shall meet the special requirements of electrostatic coating

3.24
skilled person
person who, due to technical training, experience and recent occupational activities, has sufficient knowledge
in the field of electrostatic coating with stationary equipment, is familiar with the relevant and generally
accepted technical rules, and thus is able to check and evaluate the occupationally safe state of coating plants

3.25
repeated inspection
inspection of the entire electrical equipment, systems and plants to be carried out at regular intervals

3.26
cleaning device
equipment for outside cleaning of the spraying device

3.27
Maximum operating temperature
to be added which one we like to use, see 5.2.8 and 5.2.9

continuous operating temperature

COT
temperature range which ensures the stability and integrity of the material for the expected
life of the equipment, or part, in its intended application

limiting temperature

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maximum permissible temperature for equipment or parts of equipment equal to the lower of
the two temperatures determined by:
a) the maximum surface temperature;
b) the thermal stability of the materials used

maximum surface temperature

highest temperature which is attained in service under the most adverse conditions (but within
the specified tolerances) by any part or surface of Ex Equipment

service temperature
maximum or minimum temperature reached at specific points of the equipment when the
equipment is operating at rated conditions, including ambient temperature and any external
sources of heating or cooling
Note 1 to entry: Equipment may reach different service temperatures in different parts.

to be added

3.28
Abbreviations used
Umax Maximum output voltage of the high voltage high-voltage generator

Imax Maximum output current of the high voltage high-voltage generator

IB rms Body current (r.m.s.) flowing from the hand to both feet

IC (p) Peak current value generated by a discharge provoked by the spraying device

ti Period in which the peak current value IC (p) is reduced to 5 % of its value, but not blow 500 mA

T Time constant of a discharge

UC (p) Peak voltage value recorded from the oscilloscope
RShunt Resistance of the shunt in Ω
FCT Factor of the current transformer in V/A
FAT Factor of the attenuator e.g. 10:1
Uk Constant voltage mode
Uv Voltage controlled mode
Ik Constant current mode
Iv Current controlled mode
Ib Operating current
Iü Overcurrent
Uapp Maximum admissible operating voltage
Umin Minimum voltage
T1 - T6 Temperature class

4 Hazards
4.1 Explosion hazards

4.1.1 An explosion hazard is present, if

— the concentration of sprayed liquid ignitable coating materials in air is within the explosion limits,

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— an ignition source of appropriate energy for this explosive atmosphere is present.

NOTE 1 An explosion may be prevented, if one condition is avoided. Because it is very difficult to exclude the
possibility of ignitable discharges completely, the main focus should be the prevention of ignitable concentrations of
explosive atmosphere.

NOTE 2 If an explosive mixture of coating materials and air is trapped in a closed room, the damaging effects of an
explosion may be increased due to the increase in pressure.

4.1.2 Electric ignition sources are an electric arc or a spark.

4.1.3 Non-electrical ignition sources from standard applicators, rotary bell applicators and automatic
cleaning systems may be generated, for instance, by

— mechanical sparks (differ between - grinding e.g. because of loss of bearing air and - strike because of
drop of the bell),

— electrostatic (differ between propagating brush discharge and brush discharge), generated due to
discharge of electrostatically charged surfaces or components (e. g. workpieces during the application
process, reciprocators, and fixtures of the spraying system

— hot surface (grinding - gaps between the bell and the stator shall be kept in mind, pollution of the air, paint
intrusion, contact to the work peace, inadequate balancing of rotating parts)

— influence of corrosion,

— other non-electric ignition sources like springs, etc.

— if mounted optical radiation (e. g. speed measuring system)

— hot surface (e. g. heating system)

— charge caused by friction of liquids and air (e. g. cleaning sequence).

4.2 Electric hazards

4.2.1 Electric shock (by direct or indirect contact) may be generated, for instance, by contact with

— live parts, which are not insulated for operational reasons,

— conductive parts, which are not under hazardous voltage during normal operation, but in case of failure,

— insulated live parts whose insulation is insufficient or has been damaged due to mechanical influences

4.2.2 Inadequate earthting could occur, for instance, due to

— faulty connections to the protective earthting system,

— a too high resistance to earth (e.g. due to contamination by coating materials).

4.2.3 Electrical hazards may occur, for instance, if hazardous malfunctions (e.g. shortcut of electronic safety
circuits, of access guards to hazardous areas or of warning devices) occur due to interferences of the high
voltage high-voltage equipment and the components of control and safety systems.

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4.2.4 Hazardous electrostatic discharges may be generated, for instance, by non-earthed conductive
components or by large insulating surfaces, especially if they are backed with conductive material.

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5 Requirements for spraying systems

5.1 Requirements for spraying systems depending on the type

Depending on the maximum discharge energy that can occur, spraying systems are categorised in three types
according to Table 1.

Table 1 —Spraying systems for ignitable liquid coating materials – Fields of application

Types Hazard by ignitable Hazard by electric shock

(“L” for liquid coating discharge
materials)

L-1 No No

L-2 Yes No

L-3 Yes Yes

NOTE 1 Hazards listed in the table are adequately prevented by applying this
document.

NOTE 2 The type L-1 may be compared to the type A-L, the type L-2 to the type
B-L, Type L-3 corresponds to the types C-L and D-L of EN 50176:2009.

The requirements related to the different types are listed in Table 2.

Table 2 – Requirements for spraying systems depending on the type

Types Requirements of the cited clause

5.1.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.1.4 5.1.5 5.1.6.1 5.1.6.2

L-1 yes yes no yesa no no no

L-2 no yes yes yes yes yes no

L-3 no no yes yes yes no yes

a fulfilled by design and construction.

Spray systems shall fulfil the respective requirements of EN 1953.

5.1.1 Requirements for ignition protection

Spraying systems shall be designed and constructed to prevent exceeding of the maximum transferred charge
or maximum discharge energy of a discharged generated by conductive and or dissipative materials, like e.g.
electrodes or parts of electrodes (≤ 60 nC or ≤ 0,24 mJ), and generated by insulating materials, like e.g.
housings (≤ 90 nC or ≤ 0,24 mJ), see Annex A or B.

Components determing the ignition safety shall be constructed, located, and built-in, that the safety of Formatiert: Hervorheben
electrostatic sprayings systems is not affected. Examples of components determining the ignition safety are
spraying devices, earthing cables, resistors and other electronic components.

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Insulating materials of parts under high voltage high-voltage shall be designed in compliance with the
conditions for operation, transport, and storage.

5.1.2 Requirements for limiting devices

The electrical limiting devices (e.g. resistors) and mechanical limiting devices (e.g. supply lines for coating
material) used shall be protected against damage by design. For electrical limiting devices, this can be achieved
by an automatic cut-off of the application device. Alternatively, all electrical limiting devices shall withstand a
short-cut between the high voltage high-voltage electrode and the earth for at least 5 minutes.

Requirements for control systems / related safety functions see 5.4.1.

5.1.3 Disconnection of high voltage

Hazardous discharges shall be prevented by disconnecting the high voltage. In this context, the requirements
for voltage-controlled, constant voltage and constant current operating modes according to 5.1.3.1 or the
requirements for constant-current operating mode according to 5.1.3.2 shall be fullfilled.

For category 3G devices, a hazardous discharge shall be prevented during normal operation. This requirement
is considered to be satisfied if the high voltage high-voltage is lowered to a non-hazardous level after the first
discharge. The requirement is fulfilled if the test according to the procedure described in 6.3 is passed.

For category 2G devices, a hazardous discharge shall be prevented during normal operation and in fault
conditions (e.g. failure of disconnection). This requirement is considered to be satisfied if the high voltage
high-voltage is lowered to a non-hazardous level before the first discharge occurs. The requirement is fulfilled Kommentiert [BBB3]: Comment R. Knopp:
if the test according to the procedure described in 6.3 is passed. This means, that a flashover is tolerated for cat. 3G, a
‘simple’ test simulates the case of failure ‘inadmissible
5.1.3.1 Constant voltage mode and voltage controlledvoltage-controlled mode approaching’

For constant voltage mode and voltage controlledvoltage-controlled mode, a hazardous discharge is prevented
by disconnection in case of overcurrent Iü.

The threshold value shall be defined with consideration of the operational and local conditions.

NOTE 1 In general, an overcurrent Iü for operational currents of less than 200 µA up to 200 % or for operational
currents of more than 200 µA up to 50 % is suitable.

NOTE 2 If the threshold value Iü is set too high, a hazardous discharge between parts under high voltage high-voltage
and earthed parts may occure. This should be of special consideration in case of series connexion of high impedance
resistance within the high voltage high-voltage circuit.

The disconnection shall pass the tests defined in clause 6.3 of the document.

5.1.3.2 Constant current mode and current controlled mode

For constant current mode and current controlled mode, a hazardous discharge this is achieved by a
disconnection when undercutting the defined minimum output value of high voltage high-voltage Umin.

The disconnection threshold shall be defined with consideration of the operational and local conditions.

NOTE 1 In general a value of the minimum voltage Umin of 20 % to 50 % below the value of the output high voltage
high-voltage for the failure-free normal operation is suitable.

NOTE 2 If the threshold value Umin is set too low, a hazardous discharge between parts under high voltage high-voltage
and earthed parts may occure.

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Hazardous discharges between high voltage high-voltage parts and earth potential shall be prevented by
limiting the maximum admissible operation voltage Uapp.

The disconnection process shall pass the tests defined in clause 6.3 of this document.

5.1.4 Protection against ignition during rinsing and cleaning processes

5.1.4.1 Automatic cleaning without cleaning devices

During the rinsing and cleaning process with ignitable liquids under high voltage high-voltage twice the value
of the safe distance to the earth potential (see 5.2.6) shall be observed.

5.1.4.2 Automatic cleaning with cleaning devices

Before starting the cleaning process with ignitable liquids in cleaning devices with atomiser (e.g. bell cleaners),
all conductive and dissipative parts of the spraying systems shall be discharged to a transferred charge of
≤ 60 nC, or a discharge energy of ≤ 0,24 mJless than 60 nC, or to a voltage of 1,25 kV at most. Insulating parts
of the spraying systems shall be discharged to a transferred charge of ≤ 90 nC, or a discharge energy of
≤ 0,24 mJless than 90 nC, or to a voltage of 1,25 kV at most.

5.1.4.3 Manual cleaning

Before starting the manual cleaning all conductive and dissipative parts of the spraying systems shall be
discharged to a transferred charge of ≤ 60 nC, or a discharge energy of ≤ 0,24 mJless than 60 nC, or to a voltage
of 1,25 kV at most. Insulating parts of the spraying systems shall be discharged to a transferred charge of
≤ 90 nC, or a discharge energy of ≤ 0,24 mJless than 90 nC, or to a voltage of 1,25 kV at most. An interface with
the signal of the save/unsave state shall be provided to enable an interlocking with means of access. The
interlocking of the accesses shall be ensured until the value falls below the limit values. Kommentiert [KRB4]: Wording to be improved

5.1.5 Automatic fire extinguishing system

Spraying systems shall be equipped with locally acting automatic fire extinguishing systems which are
actuated immediately in case of fire. When the fire extinguishing system has been activated, the coating
material supply, the high voltage high-voltage supply and the pressurised air shall be cut-off automatically.

EN ISO 19353 applies.

It shall be checked in each individual case, whether a present room-protection system is also able to fulfil the
function of a locally acting automatic fire extinguishing system. The coating material supply, the high voltage
high-voltage supply and the pressurised air shall be cut-off automatically as soon as the room-protection
system is activated.

NOTE In addition to the room-protection system, locally acting fire extinguishing systems (fire extinguishing
systems which are installed and allocated to the object) shall protect the area between the outlet of the paint and the
workpiece effectively.

5.1.6 Protection against electric shock

5.1.6.1 Undercutting the limits of electric shock

For undercutting the limits of electric shock, spraying systems shall be designed such that

— in case of a long contact (> 1 s) between live parts or charged active and passive parts the short-circuit
current passing through the user does not exceed a maximum value of 30 mA DC (see 6.1.4.3), and

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— in the case of discharge times shorter than 10 ms of live parts under high voltage andor charged passive Formatiert: Hervorheben
parts, the body current with the value IB rms and the pulse duration ti of a discharge which does not exceed
the boundary line C1 in Figure 1 (see also 6.1.6, and Annexes B and C).

NOTE 1 For this type of devices a discharge does not occur between 10 ms and1 s.

Figure 1 — Pulse duration - body current, risk of ventricular fibrillation

The graphs show the probability of a risk of ventricular fibrillation in case body currents flowing through the
body from the left hand to both feet.

Below C1: No risk of ventricular fibrillation (safety limit)

Between C1 and C1: low risk of ventricular fibrillation (probability: up to 5%)

Between C2 and C3: average risk of ventricular fibrillation (probability: up to 50%)

Above C3: high risk of ventricular fibrillation (probability: more than 50%)

NOTE 2 Analysis of electrical accidents led to the result that the risk of ventricular fibrillation is especially present for
long-term longitudinal flow (from the hands to the feet). These findings are considered for the calculation of the effective
value of the current.

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5.1.6.2 Prevention of contact with live parts under high voltage Formatiert: Hervorheben

The control system of the spraying systems shall be equipped with an interface allowing a signal exchange
between the interlocking of doors and lockable openings of the spray booth and the high voltage high-voltage
supply.

The interlocking shall have a guard locking, if live parts under high voltage can be reached before the limits
for electric shock defined in 5.1.6.1 are undercut.

Permanent openings, e.g. for workpieces, shall be secured by appropriate protective devices, e.g. light curtains,
pressure-sensitive mats (see also 4.3 of EN 16985) in such way that live parts under high voltage cannot be
reached until the limits for electric shock defined in 5.1.6.1 are undercut.

Other openings of the spray booth allowing contact with live parts under high voltage shall be closed and shall
only be opened with a key or a tool. Kommentiert [BBB5]: Comment R. Knopp:
These are requirements for the booth – booth standard
Exposed parts of the spraying system and of the coating material supply system under high voltage high- EN 16985 does not give appropriate requirements
voltage outside of the spray booth or outside of a closed electrical operation site shall be equipped with a
complete protection against direct contact. Appropriate measures shall be taken to prevent charging of
persons or objects by the present electric field.

5.2 Requirements for all types of spraying systems

5.2.1 Safeguard against unauthorised switch-on

The high voltage high-voltage supply shall be safeguarded against unauthorised switch-on. Switch-off shall be
possible at any time.

NOTE Examples for safeguards against unauthorised switch-on are key switches or hardware and software
authorisation.

5.2.2 Safeguard against modification of safety relevant parameters

The high voltage high-voltage supply and the spraying system shall be safeguarded against an unauthorised
modification of safety relevant parameters (e.g. swith-off limits, maximum operating voltage).

NOTE Safety against unauthorised modification of safety relevant parameters is ensured by, for instance,
safeguarded control cabinets or software authorisations.

5.2.3 Protection against hazardous discharges at the spraying device Formatiert: Englisch (Vereinigte Staaten)
Formatiert: Englisch (Vereinigte Staaten), Hervorheben
The high voltage live parts of the spraying systems shall be designed in such a way to prevent occurrence of
hazardous discharges within 90 minutes under maximum high voltage. Formatiert: Hervorheben
Formatiert: Englisch (Vereinigte Staaten)
5.2.4 High voltage High-voltage cables

The high voltage high-voltage cable shall be designed in such a way that no breakdown occurs at voltage of
1,2 Umax for a period of 24°h.

5.2.5 Hose to the material supply under high voltage

The hose to the material supply shall be designed in such a way that no breakdown occurs at voltage of 1,2 Umax
for a period of 24 h.

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5.2.6 Minimum distances of live parts under high voltage

The minimum distance in air between the live parts under high voltage and the earthed parts shall not be less
than 0,25 cm/kV. These minimum distances are not applicable both for the distance between the electrostatic
spraying device and the workpiece, and the design-specific distances of the spraying devices.

NOTE Possible occurrence of surface discharges at the spraying device can influence the minimum distances.

5.2.7 Electrical safety

The electric equipment of the spraying system not related to the high voltage high-voltage system shall comply
with EN 60204-1.

5.2.8 Maximum surface temperature

For each spraying system, a maximum surface temperature shall be determined. On the basis of this
temperature a temperature class in accordance with EN 60079-0 is to be stipulated.

We give a temperature limit of 135 °C and the maximum measured temperature shall be 135 °C – 5 K?

5.2.9 Material selection of plastic materials and elastomers

Plastic materials contributing towards compliance shall have a temperature index “TI” or “RTI – mechanical”
of at least 20 K higher than the maximum operating temperature.

The elastomers and materials used for cementing shall have a continuous operating temperature (COT) that
includes a minimum temperature that is below, or equal to, the minimum operating temperature and a
maximum temperature that is at least 20 K higher than the maximum operating temperature.

NOTE 1 Equipment may have different operating temperatures on different parts of the equipment. Selection and
testing of individual materials are based on the specific operating temperature of that part, but may alternatively be based
on the maximum (or minimum) operating temperature of the complete equipment.

NOTE 2 Further information see EN 60079-0, clause “Specification of materials” and clause “Thermal endurance”.

5.2.10 Protection against non-electric ignition sources

Applied measures against non-electric ignition hazards from standard applicators, rotary bell applicators and
automatic cleaning systems shall be described in the ignition hazard assessment table of EN ISO 80079-
36:2016, Annex B. Technical drawings including all relevant details (clearance, tolerances, material etc.) and
test reports shall be addressed in the ignition hazard assessment table of EN ISO 80079-36:2016, Annex B,
column 3c. The ignition hazard assessment table, the addressed relevant details and reports shall be part of
the technical documentaion.

In general, measures must be described against ignition sources listed in 4.1.3.

5.3 Coating material supply system

5.3.1 General

Coating material supply systems shall fulfill the requirements of EN 12621.

Coating material supply systems for type L-1 spraying system shall fulfil the same requirements for ignition
protection as the spraying system under all operating conditions, see table 2.

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NOTE Conductive or dissipative liquids (e. g. cleaning liquids) may lead to hazardous discharges.

Parts of the coating material supply system under high voltage high-voltage of type L-2 and L-3 spraying
systems shall

— fulfill the requirements in 5.1.3 for spraying systems of category 3G and

— have a minimum separation distance through air of 0,5 cm/kV to the earth potential.

5.3.2 Cleaning of coating material supply pipes and hoses

Hazardous discharges during cleaning of coating material supply pipes and hoses shall be avoided by

— measures to keep the coating material supply system on the same potential as the spraying system or

— fulfilling the requirements of 5.1.4.3.

5.3.3 Cleaning of insulating coating material supply pipes and hoses with a cleaning liquid-air-
mixture

In case of a possible hazardous discharge between the coating material supply pipes/hoses and the earth
potential, cleaning with cleaning liquid-air-mixtures or aerosols shall be limited to 30 seconds in insulating
coating material supply pipes/hoses. After cleaning, the insulating coating material supply pipes/hoses shall
be filled completely with coating material or with cleaning liquid for 10 seconds before restarting the process.

NOTE Cleaning liquid-air-mixtures and aerosols may be used continuously or in intervals.

5.4 Requirements for the control system

5.4.1 General

Depending on the type, the requirements for control systems of spraying systems can be taken from Table 3

Table 3 — Requirements for safety functions of spraying systems

Safety function Clause SILr / PLr

Disconnection of high voltage high-voltage in voltage- 5.1.3.1 SIL 1/PL c

controlled and constant mode for cat. 3G Kommentiert [KRB6]: to be discussed with K239

Disconnection of high voltage high-voltage in constant current 5.1.3.2 SIL 1/PL c

and current controlled mode for cat. 2G Kommentiert [KRB7]: to be discussed with K239

Limitation of the maximum admissible operating voltage 5.1.3.2

Cleaning process – without cleaning device with atomiser 5.1.4.1 SIL 1/PL c

Observing the safe distance

Cleaning process – with cleaning device with atomiser 5.1.4.2

Inerlocking of cleaning process with discharge function

Cleaning process – manual cleaning 5.1.4.3

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Safety function Clause SILr / PLr

Interlocking of cleaning process with discharge function, or

with access, with guard locking if applicable

Cleanig process – rinsing of insulating coating material supply 5.1.4.4

lines (?)

Monitoring of rinsing period with subsequent filling

Interlocking of high voltage high-voltage supply, of the 5.1.5 SIL 1/PL c

coating material supply, and of the pressurised air with the
locally acting fire extinguishing system or the area protection
system

Interlocking of access points inside the spray booth with the 5.1.6.2 SIL 2/PL d
high voltage high-voltage supply, with guard locking if
applicable

Safeguard against modification of safety relevant parameters 5.2.2 SIL 1/PL c

Interlocking of access points of the electrical operating site 5.4 SIL 2/PL d
for the coating material supply with the high voltage

As an alternative to the observation of the SIL /PL d for the safety functions of 5.4.2, a comparable safety level
is reached by

— limiting the parameters defined in 5.1.4.1 by the diameter and the length of the supply line under high
voltage, and by the maximum design short-circuit current;

— limiting the values of the short-circuit current and of the maximum high voltage high-voltage according
to 6.1.1 by two Zener diodes or by equivalent components (e.g. power semiconductors), which are
charged to two thirds in case of failure.

5.4.2 Requirements for control systems of category 3G

Control systems, which are designed as equipment of category 3G, shall have at least a degree of protection
provided by enclosure of IP 54 according to EN 60529 and a temperature class according to 5.2.8.

6 Tests Kommentiert [BBB8]: Comment R. Knopp:

Included again because of alternative compliance with
6.1 Type tests PLd for type L-3

6.1.1 High voltage High-voltage test (all types)

6.1.1.1 Test of high voltage high-voltage exposed live parts

Free-standing high-voltage parts of the spraying system (e.g. bells, high-voltage electrodes) shall be fully
tested for compliance with the values in Table 1 in accordance with Annex A or B or C.

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6.1.1.2 Tests of parts unter high voltage

Parts of the spraying system under high voltage high-voltage at which hazardous discharges may occur inside
of the spraying system shall be tested for 90 minutes at Umax. There shall be no hazardous discharge. The IP
type of protection of the spraying system shall be the same after the test.

All parts of the spraying system at earth potential during normal operation shall be earthed during the test.

NOTE The voltage Umax includes that the corona current at the high voltage high-voltage electrode is suppressed, e.g. Formatiert: Nicht Hochgestellt/ Tiefgestellt
by means of an insulating moulding material.

6.1.1.3 Tests of the high voltage high-voltage cables

A sample of the high voltage high-voltage cable of at least 2,5 m is raised to a voltage of 1,2 Umax for a period of
24 h, the electrically conductive screen of the cable being earthed. At least 75 cm of the screening shall be
removed at each end of the cable. There shall be no breakdown.

If the cable does not have an electrically conductive screen, a sample cable, at least 2,5 m in length, is placed
on an earthed metal plate. A test voltage of 1,2 Umax is applied for 24 h. There shall be no breakdown. As an
alternative, the test can be carried out in an earthed water bath.
6.1.1.4 Test of the spraying material supply hose under high voltage

A sample of the hose of at least 2,5 m filled with ordinary tap water or another conductor is placed on an
earthed metal plate at ambient temperature. The tap water or the conductor inside the hose is raised to a
voltage of 1,2 Umax for a period of 24 h; the electrically conductive screen of the hose being earthed. At least
75 cm of the screening shall be removed at each end of the hose.

If the supply hose does not have an electrically conductive screen, a sample of at least 2,5 m in length is placed
on an earthed metal plate. A test voltage of 1,2 Umax is applied to the tap water or to the conductor for 24 h.
There shall be no breakdown. As an alternative, the test in can be carried out in an earthed water bath.

6.1.2 Test of the maximum surface temperature

Compliance with the aspired temperature class shall be tested according to EN 60079-0.

6.1.3 Checking material selection of plastic materials and elastomers

Compliance with the aspired material selection of plastic materials and elastomers shall be checked in
accordance with 5.2.9.

6.1.4 Checking of the protection against non-electic ignition sources

The ignition hazard assessment table, the addressed relevant details and reports shall be checked that the
standard applicators, rotary bell applicators and automatic cleaning systems are adequate protected against
non-electic ignition sources and if mounted optical radiation (e. g. speed measuring system) or hot surface (air
heating system) caused by purchased products for the required category. If intended, an existing connection
to a permanently, frequently or long-term explosive atmosphere shall be checked.

6.1.5 Test of the degree of protection provided by enclosure

For control systems, which are designed as equipment of category 3G, compliance with the degree of
protection provided by enclosure of IP 54 in accordance with EN 60529 shall be verified.

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6.1.6 Test of the electrical parameters (type L-1)

6.1.6.1 Test of the maximum high voltage

The high voltage high-voltage shall be measured without any load at the end of one high voltage high-voltage
electrode at the spraying device of the applicator. Here, further high voltage high-voltage electrodes shall be
sealed with high voltage high-voltage insulation kit, if necessary.

6.1.6.2 Measurement of the maximum spraying current

The measurement of the maximum spraying current shall be carried out with a -ampere meter connected
between a metal plate and earth potential. The switched-on applicator is approached at several velocities to
the metal plate and the maximum spraying current shall be recorded.

6.1.6.3 Measurement of maximum short-circuit current

The measurement of the maximum short-circuit current shall be carried out with a -ampere meter, from the
end of the high voltage high-voltage electrode at the spraying device of the applicator against earth potential.
The duration of the test shall be at least 5 min, see 5.1.4.1.

6.1.7 Preliminary test of electrostatic application systems Formatiert: Hervorheben

Before the test of the ignition protection of type L-1 or the test of the peak current values with associated pulse
durations of types L-2 and L-3 is carried out, a preliminary test with a conductive, earthed rod shall be carried
out on the electrostatic application system ready for operation and active high voltage. The aim of the
preliminary test is to identify the critical parts of the electrostatic application system with the strongest
discharges to the rod, which are operating in the hazardous area with potentially explosive atmosphere or
where live parts or charged passive parts are accessible.

The preliminary test must be carried out under conditions described in Annexes A, B, or C but outside an
ignition vessel and without test gas mixture.

The preliminary test includes all cables and hoses leading to the applicator, the applicator with flat jet and
round jet nozzles or rotary nozzles and the accessories (e.g. discharge electrodes, extensions, angle pieces,
control unit, etc.). The conductive, earthed rod or the parts of the electrostatic application system must be
dynamically approached to each other several times. The critical parts at which the strongest discharges
towards the rod occur visibly and audibly shall be determined.

6.1.76.1.8 Test of the ignition protection of type L-1 spraying systems including the coating
material supply system

Test of observance of the limit value of the maximum transferred charge or maximum discharge energy of a
discharge arising from conductive and or dissipative materials, like e.g. electrodes or parts of electrodes (≤
60 nC or ≤ 0,24 mJ), and arising from insulating materials, like e.g. parts of housings (≤ 90 nC or ≤ 0,24 mJ), by
measurement according to Annex A or B.

6.1.86.1.9 Test of the peak current values of discharges IC (p) with their associated pulse
durations ti of types L-2 and L-3, including the coating material supply system

Compliance with the body current value IB rms defined in 5.1.4.1 across the peak current value IC (p) and the
pulse duration ti shall be tested by measuring and evaluation according to Annexes B C and CD. Formatiert: Hervorheben
Formatiert: Hervorheben
6.2 Tests before commissioning and repeated tests
Formatiert: Hervorheben
The tests shall be carried out individually for each spraying system. The tests shall be carried out by competent
persons , and include the tests according to Table 4. Test intervals for repeated tests, see Table 5.

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Table 4 – Survey of tests

Kind of test Requirements
6.3.1 The application system shall be tested for occupationally In this context, especially the Formatiert: Links
safe state disconnection threshold, the
overcurrent Iü and the minimum voltage
Umin shall be defined and documented
with respect to operational and local
conditions (see also 5.1.1).

Formatiert: Links

6.3.3 Safe disconnection of high voltage high-voltage shall be See 5.1.1 and 5.1.1.1 Formatiert: Links
tested for voltage-controlled and constant voltage mode
The disconnection threshold Iü shall be
defined and documented with respect to
operational and local conditions.

It shall be tested if the high voltage high-

voltage is disconnected in case of
inadmissible increase of the operational
current Ib and if the disconnection
threshold Iü is reached. In this context, Formatiert: Nicht Hochgestellt/ Tiefgestellt
the disconnection threshold Iü defined Formatiert: Nicht Hochgestellt/ Tiefgestellt
during the initial test shall be checked.

A disconnection threshold Iü , giving rise Formatiert: Nicht Hochgestellt/ Tiefgestellt

to expect an occurrence of hazardous
discharges or flashover between parts
under high voltage high-voltage and
earthed parts of the plant in case the
safety distance drops below the
permissible limit, is not permitted.

6.3.3.1 Category 3G devices See 5.1.1 and 5.1.1.1 Formatiert: Links

6.3.3.2 Category 2G devices See 5.1.1 and 5.1.1.1and 6.4 Formatiert: Links

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Kind of test Requirements

6.3.4 Safe disconnection of high voltage high-voltage supply See 5.1.1, 5.1.1.2and 5.1.1.3 Formatiert: Links
shall be tested for constant current mode
The disconnection threshold Umin shall
be defined and documented with respect
to operational and local conditions.

It shall be tested if the high voltage high-

voltage is disconnected in case of
inadmissible decrease of the high
voltage high-voltage below the
disconnection threshold Umin .

In this context, the disconnection

threshold Umin defined during initial test
shall be checked.

A disconnection threshold Umin, giving

rise to expect an occurrence of
hazardous discharges or flashover
between parts under high voltage high-
voltage and earthed parts of the plant in
case the safety distance drops below the
permissible limit, is not permitted.

6.3.4.1 Category 3G devices See 5.1.1, 5.1.1.2 Formatiert: Links

6.3.4.2 Category 2G devices See 5.1.1, 5.1.1.2 and 6.4 Formatiert: Links

6.3.5 Protection against too high discharge energy See 5.2.3, 5.8.2 and 5.8.3 Formatiert: Links

6.3.6 Protection against ignition of cleaning agents See 5.1..2 Formatiert: Links

6.3.7 Effectivity of measures for protection against hazardous See 5.1.4 Formatiert: Links
electric shock

6.3.8 Effectivity of earthting measures See 5.7 Formatiert: Links

Formatiert: Links

6.3.10 Effectivity of locally acting fire extinguishing system In addition to a room-protection system, Formatiert: Links
locally acting fire extinguishing systems
See 5.1.3 (installed fixedly and allocated to the
object) shall give effective protection for
the hazard zone between the outlet of
coating materials and the workpiece. It
shall be proved for each individual case,
if the aspects of locally acting fire
extinguishing systems and the room-
protection system could be satisfied by
one fire extinguishing system.

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Kind of test Requirements

6.3.11 Conductive parts of the spraying material supply system See 5.2.6 ; further tests in case of Formatiert: Links
minimum distance in air

In compliance with EN16985:XXXX

6.3.12 Formatiert: Links

6.3.13 Formatiert: Links

6.3 Routine test of the disconnection of the high voltage

Each spraying system shall be tested individually at the operating site (routine test).

The test shall be carried out under operational ambient conditions. During the test no explosive atmosphere
shall be present. The ambient conditions (temperature, relative humidity and air pressure) shall be recorded
in the test protocol
For category 3G spraying systems, the test shall carried out by using an earthed rod which is passed nearby
the high voltage high-voltage parts of the spraying devices or by the high voltage high-voltage electrodes of
the external charging in a quick and continuous movement provoking a flashover.The test shall be carried out
five times per spraying system and shall be recorded. All test shall result in a safe cut-off. After the cut-off, no
futher discharge shall occur between the parts under high voltage high-voltage and the earthing rod when
passed nearby again.
The test of category 2G spraying systems shall be carried out with a device shown in Figure 2 and 3. The
motion of the electrodes in relation to each other shall be linear to the centre-lines and shall not be influenced
directly or indirectly by other objects.
NOTE 1 For the test it is of no importance which electrode is moved.

NOTE 2 All dimensions in millimetres.

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Figure 2 – Test assembly of spraying system with direct charging

NOTE 3 All dimensions in millimetres.

Figure 3 – Test assembly of spraying system with external charging

In the start position, the distance between the electrodes shall be at least 0,5 cm/kV. The output voltage shall
be the maximum admissible operational voltage.

During the test, the approach speed between the electrode under high voltage high-voltage and the earthed
electrode shall correspond to 1,2 times the maximum admissible speed of motion of the spraying device during
spraying process determined by the manufacturer, but at least 500 mm/s.

Both electrodes shall be approximated up to about 1 cm. For spraying systems with external charging a hole
in the middle of the counter electrode for the passage of the bell may be required, see Figure 3.

The diameter of the counter electrode shall be 100 mm greater than the diameter of the bell (contact charging),
or at least 100 mm greater than the imaginary circle running through the electrode tips (in case of external
charging), at least 250 mm.

The test shall be carried out five times for each spraying system ,and shall be recorded. In all cases, a safe
disconnection shall take place before the first discharge. A discharge between the electrodes shall not occur
after disconnection.

NOTE 4 In the sense of this test requirement a discharge is a visible and audible spark between the electrodes.

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7 Information for use

7.1 General

The information for use with all information relevant for safety of normal operation and maintenance shall be
written in the language of the user. Furthermore, it shall be accompanied by a version in the language of the
manufacturer.

7.2 Instruction manual

7.2.1 General

Every stationary equipment for electrostatic spraying of ignitable liquid coating materials shall be
accompanied by an instruction manual according to EN ISO 12100 series. It shall also contain the content of
Tables 3 and 4.

NOTE The instruction manual could be written in a general comprehensive, illustrated or symbolic language.

The instruction manual shall contain the admissible combinations of devices, including the indication of the
admissible accessories.

The type plate shall include the reference "admissible combinations of devices, see information for use.

The instruction manual shall contain the reference that when using protective gloves, these gloves shall
comply to the requirements of 7.2.4.

7.2.2 Set-up conditions and installation Kommentiert [BBB9]: Comment D. Möckel:

Check whether the interface has to be included as
Spray booth in which electrostatic spraying systems are installed shall comply with the requirements of requirement in 5.
EN 16985. Kommentiert [KRB10]: not in the scope of this standard

Connection to high voltage high-voltage shall be indicated by an optical signal at doors and openings of spray
booth allowing access to or contact with parts under high voltage.

An electrostatically dissipative floor shall be installed inside of spray booth ,and within a radius of 2,5 m
around the booth openings. The resistance shall not exceed 100 M. Its resistance shall comply with the test
conditions of EN 61340-4-1. The requirements of EN 1081 shall be observed for elastic floors. Kommentiert [KRB11]: not in the scope of this standard,
add in BI
All conductive components of the system, e.g. floors, walls, ceilings, protective gratings, transport devices, jigs,
motion automation equipment, or construction elements inside the spray booth shall be connected to the
equipotential bonding, except for the parts under high voltage high-voltage for operational reasons. The
leakage resistance shall not exceed 1 MΩ. The measurement voltage shall be 500 V or 1 000 V. The
construction of the jigs shall ensure the earthing of the workpieces during the application process.

High-energy discharges (> 0,38 24 mJ or > 90 nC) shall be avoided on walls, covers, plates and labels consisting Formatiert: Hervorheben
of insulating materials. High energy discharges are generated if insulating surfaces, covers, and foils of a
thickness of less than 8 mm, which are backed with earthed conductive material (e.g. workpiece, booth wall)
on a surface larger than 5 cm2, and are then charged by a strom charging process like the electrostatic
application process (stronger than manual friction). If applicable, a measurement shall prove, that high energy
discharges are prevented by observing that the breakthrough voltage through the layer is smaller than 4 kV,
or that the limits of the discharge energy or for the transferred charge mentioned above are met.

If an equipotential bonding of the workpiece cannot be ensured, dissipation of the electrical charges at the
workpiece shall be required by other devices, e.g. ionisators. Such devices shall not exceed the admissible
discharge energy of the spraying systems for which they are used. With resprect to the admissible discharge
energy, they shall subject to the same tests as the spraying systems for wich they are used. The dissipation

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device shall be interlocked with the spraying system in such a way to cut-off the high voltage high-voltage and
to block the coating process in case of malfunctions of the dissipation device. Kommentiert [KRB12]: Not relevant for liquid coating
materials. Does not apply for the spraying system
7.2.3 Cleaning, maintenance and corrective maintenance

7.2.3.1 The manufacturer shall provide comprehensive information on cleaning and maintenance. The
stationary electrostatic spraying device shall be maintained regularly according to the instructions of the
manufacturer. The instruction manual shall contain the following information:

Use only electrically conductive container for cleaning liquids; the containers shall be earthed.

7.2.3.2 Non-ignitable cleaning agents shall be preferred.

7.2.3.3 Appropriate measures shall ensure that the resistance to earth of the suspending point of the
workpiece shall not exceed 1 M measured at 500 V or 1 000 V.

If workpieces are earthed by conductive hooks, the hooks shall be cleaned at shorter intervals, or shall be
designed such that generation of insulating layers of coating materials are prevented.

7.2.4 Test intervals

For a safe operation of the stationary equipment for electrostatic spraying of ignitable liquid coating materials
the intervals for repeated test shall be determined by the manufacturer. The intervals depend on the
operational and local conditions. The following maximum test intervals are recommended.

NOTE An automatic monitoring of the stationary equipment for electrostatic spraying of ignitable liquid coating
materials is considered to be equivalent.

Table 5 – Test intervals

Subclause Reference Test interval Test interval
category 2 category 3

7.3.1 Occupationally safe state of the 12 months 12 months

whole equipment

7.3.2 Effectivity of forced ventilation continuously continuously

7.3.3 Overcurrent disconnection at every switch-on weekly

7.3.4 Low voltage disconnection at every switch-on weekly

7.3.5 Discharge energy weekly weekly

7.3.6 Ignition protection for ignitable before each cleaning weekly

cleaning agents

7.3.7 Protection against contact weekly weekly

7.3.8 Earthting measures weekly weekly

7.3.9 Protection against entrance weekly weekly

7.3.10 Fire extinguishing plant 6 months 6 months

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Subclause Reference Test interval Test interval

category 2 category 3

7.3.11 Conductive parts of the spraying weekly weekly

material supply system

7.3.12 Minimum clearance in air weekly weekly

7.3.13 Further tests in compliance with in compliance with

EN 16985:2018 EN 16985:2018

7.2.5 Additional information

The instruction manual shall contain at least the following additional information:

— automatic electrostatic application systems are designed for processing ignitable liquid coating materials,
thinner, cleaning and rinsing liquids with an ignition temperature > 135 °C;

— the maximum conductivity of the ignitable liquid coating materials, thinner, cleaning and rinsing liquids
that can be processed with the automatic electrostatic application system;

— description of the potential separation systems that can be used together with the automatic electrostatic
application system;

— the standards of automatic electrostatic application systems applicable to the control system

— description of the operational limitations of equipment marked with "X“;

— all references necessary for proper operation of the equipment;

— function of the safety devices;

— reference: "This equipment could present hazards if it is not operated according to the information given
in the instruction manual”;

— footwear to be used by the operator shall comply with EN ISO 20344, the measured insulation resistance
shall not exceed 100 M

— protective clothing, including gloves, should comply with EN 1149-5, the measured insulation resistance
shall not exceed 100 M;

— the capacitance of the high voltage high-voltage generator.

NOTE The capacitance of the whole system shall be measured after installation.

7.3 Marking

The following marking and any additional information required for safe operation of stationary equipment for
electrostatic coating with ignitable liquid coating materials shall be placed clearly and visible on the
equipment. This marking shall be legible and durable taking into account possible chemical decomposition or
corrosion.

NOTE This marking is to be supplemented by the requirements of Directive 2014/34/EU, if necessary.

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7.3.1 Spraying systems for liquid coating materials excluding the control system

The marking of spraying systems shall be as follows:

— name of the manufacturer or his registered trade mark;

— the manufacturer's type identification which shall be unique in order to ensure the safe use of
combinations of the apparatus;

— production number;

— Year of manufacturemanufaction;

— type of system according Table 1 of this standard;

— rated output voltage;

— rated output current.

7.3.2 Control system

The control system shall be marked as follows:

— name of the manufacturer or his registered trade mark;

— the manufacturer's type identification which shall be unique in order to ensure the safe use of
combinations of the apparatus;

— production number;

— Year of manufacturemanufaction;

— the wording "admissible combinations of devices, see information for use"

— range of input voltages and whether AC or DC;

— range of input frequency;

— input power;

— output capacitance, if applicable;

— rated output voltage;

— rated output current;

— any marking generally required by the standards of construction of the electrical equipment.

7.3.3 Additional marking of the electrical equipment

7.3.3.1 Marking as ATEX equipment of Category 2

— The name or mark of the notified body, as well as the reference to the test certificate. These indications
shall be preferably given in the following form: Year of issue (XX), the word ATEX followed by the
consecutive number of the year (YYYY);

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prEN 50176:2017 (E)

— the markings

— the symbol to indicate that the electrical equipment is designed and tested for use in potentially
explosive areas or is specifically allocated to such an equipment, followed by

— II for the device group, followed by

— 2 for the category of the electrical equipment, followed by

— G for "gas explosion protection", followed by

— Ex, followed by

— EN 50176, followed by

— IIA for the explosion group, followed by

— the maximum surface temperature T as temperature class T6 to T1 according to EN 60079-0,

followed by

— X for determining specific operational conditions, for instance: “The automatic electrostatic high-
speed rotary atomizer may only operate as Type L-1 up to a current of 100 µA and a voltage up to
80 kV. For higher values of currents and/or voltage the atomizer operates as a Type L-2".

NOTE In the meaning of this standard, IIA means that paint formulations and formulations of solvents which do not
predominantly contain constituents of substances of explosion group IIB can also be assigned to explosion group IIA and
may be operated together with the spraying systems of this standard.

7.3.3.2 Marking as ATEX equipment of Category 3, e. g. control systems

— The name or mark of the notified body, as well as the reference to the test certificate. These indications
shall be preferably given in the following form: Year of issue (XX), the word ATEX followed by the
consecutive number of the year (YYYY);

— the markings

— the symbol to indicate that the electrical equipment is designed and tested for use in potentially
explosive areas or is specifically allocated to such an equipment, followed by

— II for the device group, followed by

— 3 for the category of the electrical equipment, followed by

— (2) category of associated spraying system, if applicable, followed by

— G for "gas explosion protection", followed by

— Ex, followed by

— EN 50176, followed by

— IIA for the explosion group, followed by

— the maximum surface temperature T as temperature class T6 to T1 according to EN 60079-0,

followed by

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prEN 50176:2017 (E)

— X for determining specific operational conditions, for instance: “The automatic electrostatic high-
speed rotary atomizer may only be operate in the constant-current operation mode "I-constant" with
the shutdown threshold Umin”.

NOTE In the meaning of this standard, IIA means that paint formulations and formulations of solvents which do not
predominantly contain constituents of substances of explosion group IIB can also be assigned to explosion group IIA and
operated together with these spraying systems.

7.3.3.3 Marking as associated ATEX equipment without own Category (control systems as
safety monitoring and control devices)

— The name or mark of the notified body, as well as the reference to the test certificate. These indications
shall be preferably given in the following form: Year of issue, the word ATEX followed by the consecutive
number of the year;

— the markings

— the symbol to indicate that the electrical equipment is designed and tested for use in potentially
explosive areas or is specifically allocated to such an equipment, followed by

— II for the device group, followed by

— (2) category of associated spraying system, if applicable, followed by

— G for "gas explosion protection", followed by

— [Ex], followed by

— EN 50176

7.3.3.4 Multiple Marking of a control system

— More than one of the following electrostatic application system standards may be applicable to control
system. In this case the control system must be marked as follows:

— Instead of EN 50176 with EN 50abc.

NOTE A control system may apply to more than one of the following standards:
EN 50050-1, EN 50050-2, EN 50050-3, EN 50059, EN 50176, EN 50177, EN 50223, EN 50348.

7.3.3.47.3.3.5 Examples for markings of spraying systems excluding a control system

Name of the manufacturer, or registered trademark

Type L-2 production number 123456 year
serial number 123456 2020

II 2G Ex EN 50176 IIA T6 X N.A. XX/ATEX/YYYY

output voltage [kV] output current [µA]
N.A. = Name or sign of the responsible notified body.

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7.3.3.57.3.3.6 Examples for markings of control systems

Name of the manufacturer, "admissible combinations of devices, see information for use"
registered trademark
Type L-1 production number 123456 year
serial number 123456 2020

II 3 (2) G Ex EN 50176 IIA T6 N.A. XX/ATEX/YYYY

input voltage [V] input frequency [Hz] output voltage [V/kV]
input power [W] output capacitance, if applicable output current [µA]
N.A. = Name or sign of the responsible notified body.

Name of the manufacturer, "admissible combinations of devices, see information for use"
registered trademark
Type L-3 production number 123456 year
serial number 123456 2020

II (2)G [Ex] EN 50176 N.A. XX/ATEX/YYYY

input voltage [V] input frequency [Hz] output voltage [V/kV]
input power [W] output capacitance, if applicable output current [µA]

7.4 Warning sign

The stationary equipment for electrostatic coating with ignitable liquid coating materials shall only be used
by trained staff familiar with the requirements for safe operation (e.g. safe entering of the booth) of this
document. In addition, a warning sign in a language understood by the operator shall be delivered by the
manufacturer and shall be placed at a noticeable place in the vicinity of the spray booth. This warning sign
shall contain the working procedures and protective measures to be observed by the operators. Hazards
generated by inappropriate cleaning shall be pointed out in a clear way (see 7.2.2).

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prEN 50176:2017 (E)

(normative)

Test for ignition protection using a shunt and an oscilloscope

Measurement shall be carried out at a relative humidity of  50 % and at a temperature of (22 ± 5) °C. The
influence of the air pressure on the measurements can be neglected.

The test for ignition protection is carried out with a shunt and an oscilloscope. The transferred charges
resulting from the provoked discharges from the applicator to the shunt will be measured with an oscilloscope.
The discharge shall be measurable in the form of a non-oscillating pulse and related to a discharge curve of a
capacitor discharge (RC-circuit). Oscillating pulses indicate a faulty construction, insufficient bandwidth of the
shunt, double shielded coaxial cable and / or oscilloscope.

NOTE 1 Oscillating pulse indicate a faulty construction, insufficient bandwidth of the shunt, double shielded coaxial
cable and / or oscilloscope.

The shunt used for measurement shall be designed coaxially and shall be equipped with a ball electrode having
25 mm in diameter. The resistances of the shunt shall be determined with an uncertainty of ≤ 2,5 % and shall
be indicated to the third decimal place. The system consisting of shunt and double shielded coaxial cable shall
ensure a limit frequency of  500 MHz.

NOTE 12 In general, the shunt has a resistance between 0,100  and 0,500 .

The oscilloscope used for measurement shall record the measurements with  1 GS/s (gigasamples per
second) and with a bandwidth of  300 MHz. The DC amplification of the oscilloscope shall have an uncertainty
of ≤ 2 %. The stability of the time base shall be  20 ppm related to a time interval of 1 ms. Prior to the
measurements, the zero line of the oscilloscope shall be set so that the zero-point noise is as low as possible
and evenly scattered around the zero line. The zero integral U dt forms a value of < 1,5 nVs and the total
discharge will be recorded on the screen of the oscilloscope. The entire measurement system for recording
the discharge shall be aligned to 50 Ohm.

NOTE 23 Standard values for adjustment of the oscilloscope are in a range of 20 mV/div to 1 V/div, between 20 ns/div
and 100 ns/div; for the zero integral at ± 100 pVs or less. The entire measurement system is usually operated with 50
Ohm input impedance at the oscilloscope.

All parts of the electrostatic application system identified as critical in the preliminary test which are operating
in potentially explosive atmospheres, as well as the applicator together with attached flat jet and round jet
nozzles or rotary nozzles and connected accessories (e.g. discharge electrodes, extensions, angle pieces,
control unit, etc.) shall be tested. For tests with attached parts, the smallest and largest parts (e.g. nozzles,
discharge electrodes, extensions, angular pieces, etc.) shall be used.

Application systems used without additional measures increasing their capacitance shall be tested without
liquid coating material or water inside the electrostatic application system.

Application systems used with additional measures that do not increase their capacitance, such as e.g.
insulating separation sections without own capacitance, shall be tested as follows:
The coating material supply system shall be filled up to the nozzle of the applicator bubble-free with salt water
with a conductivity > 2,5 𝑥 10−3 S/cm.
Application systems used with additional measures that increase their capacitance, such as e.g. potential
separation systems with pendulum containers with own capacitance, shall be tested as follows:
The coating material supply system shall be filled up to the nozzle of the applicator bubble-free with salt water
with a conductivity > 2,5 𝑥 10−3 S/cm. To simulate a potential separation system with pendulum containers,

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prEN 50176:2017 (E)

a high-voltage resistant capacitor (Umax = 100 kV DC, C = 300 pF) must be connected to the salt water and earth
potential at the inlet of the coating material supply system.
Alternatively, to simulate a potential separation system with pendulum containers, each filled hose of the
coating material supply system leading to the applicator must be tightly wrapped with a conductive foil (e.g.
aluminium) and the conductive foil must be connected to earth potential.
NOTE 4 The conductivity of the highly conductive test liquid is higher than the maximum allowable value of
2 𝑥 10−3 S/cm in this document for safety reasons.

During the test under high voltage, the nozzle shall be kept closed (stagnant medium) or if no high-voltage is
otherwise released, kept open (flowing medium). The tests shall be carried out with the implementation of the
coating material supply system (in the arrangement / laying of hoses in particular), which leads to the highest
possible capacity of the system. Tests shall be performed in the most unfavourable configurations in terms of
length and diameter of coating material supply hoses (original parts) permitted by the manufacturer, which
leads to the highest electrical capacitance and the lowest electrical resistance in these hoses to the applicator.

The tests shall be carried out with operative applicators, both with and without attachment parts (e.g.
extensions, angular pieces, etc.). For tests with attachment parts, the smallest and largest parts (e.g.
extensions, angular pieces, etc.) shall be used.

The maximum values shall be set in case of adjustable high voltage high-voltage and adjustable output current.

During the test with active high voltage, the critical parts applicator or ball electrode shall be brought in the
most unfavourable angle and velocity dynamically nearer to each other. The periodic discharges provoked by
this process will be measured by the oscilloscope as integral U dt. Over 5 min > 100 the discharges will shall
be provoked quickly in a consecutive way for each configuration of the electrostatic application system
applicator and the integral is recorded in nVs. The maximum transferred charge Q of the electrostatic
application system applicator results from the absolute maximum value of the integral divided by the
resistance of the shunt (in ) according to the following relationship: Q = |∫ i(t)dt| = 1/R |∫ u(t)dt|.

The test will be considered to be successful, if the absolute value of the maximum transferred charge Q of a
discharge originating from conductive or dissipative material does not exceed the limit value of 60 nC and
originating from insulating materials does not exceed the limit value of 90 nC.

NOTE 35 Further information about the safety relevant limits are given e.g. in EN 60079-0.

The uncertainties for this measurement method are considered appropriately by the limit values for the
maximum transferred charge.

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prEN 50176:2017 (E)

(normative)

Ignition test within the gas mixture

B.1 General
The ignition test of electrostatic application systems for ignitable liquid coating materials shall be performed
with a test gas mixture having a minimum ignition energy of 0,24 mJ.

NOTE 1 A minimum ignition energy of 0,24 mJ is given, for example, by a test gas mixture of propane and air
containing (5,25 ± 0,25) vol % propane N3,5 with a purity of 99,95 vol % at (22 ± 5) °C, a relative humidity ≤ 3 % in a
pressure range of 800 hPa to 1100 hPa.

NOTE 2 For the preparation of the test gas mixture, calibrated mass flow controllers (MFCs) or equivalent calibrated
devices with an accuracy of < 1 % have proven to be suitable.

The ignition test shall be carried out with active high-voltage in an ignition vessel made of insulating,
transparent material on the electrostatic application system ready for operation.
In the case of a statically filled ignition vessel, a test cycle lasts 5 minutes and is carried out four times, each
time using a new test gas mixture.
In the case of a dynamically filled ignition vessel, where the test gas mixture is passed continuously and
laminarly through the ignition vessel, the duration of the entire test is 20 minutes. In this case the test is carried
out without interruption.

All parts of the electrostatic application system identified as critical in the preliminary test which are operating
in potentially explosive atmospheres, as well as the applicator together with attached flat jet and round jet
nozzles or rotary nozzles and connected accessories (e.g. discharge electrodes, extensions, angle pieces,
control unit, etc.) shall be tested (see Figure B.1). For tests with attached parts, the smallest and largest parts
(e.g. nozzles, discharge electrodes, extensions, angular pieces, etc.) shall be used.

Application systems used without additional measures increasing their capacitance shall be tested without
liquid coating material or water inside the electrostatic application system.

Application systems used with additional measures that do not increase their capacitance, such as e.g.
insulating separation sections without own capacitance, shall be tested as follows:
The coating material supply system shall be filled up to the nozzle of the applicator bubble-free with salt water
with a conductivity > 2,5 𝑥 10−3 S/cm.
Application systems used with additional measures that increase their capacitance, such as e.g. potential
separation systems with pendulum containers with own capacitance, shall be tested as follows:
The coating material supply system shall be filled up to the nozzle of the applicator bubble-free with salt water
with a conductivity > 2,5 𝑥 10−3 S/cm. To simulate a potential separation system with pendulum containers,
a high-voltage resistant capacitor (Umax = 100 kV DC, C = 300 pF) must be connected to the salt water and earth
potential at the inlet of the coating material supply system.
Alternatively, to simulate a potential separation system with pendulum containers, each filled hose of the
coating material supply system leading to the applicator must be tightly wrapped with a conductive foil (e.g.
aluminium) and the conductive foil must be connected to earth potential.
NOTE 3 The conductivity of the highly conductive test liquid is higher than the maximum allowable value of
2 𝑥 10−3 S/cm in this document for safety reasons.

During the test under high voltage, the nozzle shall be kept closed (stagnant medium) without escape of
coating material or water and without pressurised air. The tests shall be carried out with the implementation

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of the coating material supply system (in the arrangement / laying of hoses in particular), which leads to the
highest possible capacity of the system. Tests shall be performed in the most unfavourable configurations in
terms of length and diameter of coating material supply hoses (original parts) permitted by the manufacturer,
which leads to the highest electrical capacitance and the lowest electrical resistance in these hoses to the
applicator.

B.2 Preparations
For adjustable output high-voltage and adjustable output current, the highest values must be set.

Figure B.1 — Example of a test arrangement

Key
1 ignition vessel
2 critical parts of the electrostatic spraying system
3 grounded metal spheres with Ø 10 mm and Ø 25 mm

B.3 Test
The test of the critical parts of the electrostatic application system is carried out with active high-voltage in an
ignition vessel filled with the test gas mixture. Dilution of the test gas mixture during the test shall be avoided.
The critical parts of the electrostatic application system must be dynamically approached one after the other
to the two grounded metal spheres with diameters of 10 mm and 25 mm. This causes periodic discharges to
the grounded metal spheres. For each configuration ≥ 100 discharges shall be provoked within 5 minutes.

B.4 Result
The test is passed if the explosive test gas mixture is not ignited.

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prEN 50176:2017 (E)

(normative)

Measurement of a discharge with the peak current value IC (p) and the pulse
duration ti (type test)

Measurement shall be carried out at a relative humidity of ≤ 50 % and at a temperature of (22 ± 5) °C. The
influence of the air pressure on the measurements can be neglected.

The measurement of a discharge with the peak current value IC (p) and the pulse duration ti shall be carried out
with a suitable test setup. Suitable are e.g.

— a shunt, double shielded coaxial cable and oscilloscope; or

— a current transformer, double shielded coaxial cable, if necessarynecessary, with an attenuator and an
oscilloscope.

The discharge shall be measurable in the form of a non-oscillating pulse and related to a discharge curve of a
capacitor discharge (RC-circuit). Oscillating pulses indicate a faulty construction, insufficient bandwidth of the
shunt, double shielded coaxial cable, attenuator, current transformer and / or oscilloscope.

NOTE 1 Oscillating pulse indicate a faulty construction, insufficient bandwidth of the shunt, double shielded coaxial
cable, attenuator, current transformer and / or oscilloscope.

The discharges shall be provoked from the electrostatic application system applicator under high-voltage to a
ball electrode having 25 mm in diameter which is joined with a low-inductance connection cable (litz cable)
having a wire cross section A ≥ 12 mm2 to ground potential via a low-inductance high-voltage 500 Ω resistor
with sufficient electric strength (e.g. Umax = 40 kV, P = 3 W).

NOTE 12 The resistance of the used low-inductance high-voltage 500 Ω resistor is the resistance for the current path
"hand to hand" and lower than the lowest resistance for the current path "hand to both feets" with 50 kΩ. Due the possible
of the current path "hand to hand" in case of failure and for safety reasons the 500 Ω resistor will be used.

The shunt used for measurement shall be designed coaxially. The resistances of the shunt shall be determined
with three decimal places and an uncertainty of ≤ 2,5 %.

NOTE 23 In general, the shunt has a resistance between 0,100 Ω and 0,500 Ω.

The current transformer shall have a bandwidth ≥ 100 MHz, a theoretical rise time < 2 ns and a peak current
of ≥ 1000 A.

NOTE 34 Measurements have shown that a current transformer with a bandwidth of ≥ 200 MHz a theoretical rise time
less than 2 ns and a peak current of ≥ 1000 A, if necessarynecessary, in combination with an attenuator with a division
ratio of 10:1 and a bandwidth of 100 MHz, can be used.

NOTE 45 Current transformers and shunts are available in different designs. Ring forms were built around the path to
earth; integrated forms are built into the path to earth.

The attenuator used for measurement shall have a division ratio of ≥ 10:1 with a bandwidth ≥ 100 MHz.

NOTE 56 Measurements have shown that an attenuator with a division ratio of 10:1 and a bandwidth of 100 MHz can
be used.

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The oscilloscope used for measurement shall record the measurements with ≥ 1 GS/s (gigasamples per
second) and with a bandwidth of ≥ 300 MHz. The DC amplification of the oscilloscope shall have an uncertainty
of ≤ 2 %. The stability of the time base shall be ≤ 20 ppm related to a time interval of 1 ms. Prior to the
measurements, the zero line of the oscilloscope shall be set so that the zero-point noise is as low as possible
and evenly scattered around the zero line. The pre-trigger of the oscilloscope shall be set in such a way that
the total discharge, but at least the peak current value IC (p) and the pulse duration ti will be displayed on the
screen. The entire measurement system for recording the discharge shall be aligned to 50 Ohm.

NOTE 67 Standard values for adjustment of the oscilloscope are in a range of 20 mV/div to 1 V/div, between 1 µs/div
and 200 µs/div. The entire measurement system is usually operated with 50 Ohm input impedance at the oscilloscope.

All parts of the electrostatic application system identified as critical in the preliminary test which are operating
in the hazardous area where live parts or charged passive parts are accessible, as well as the applicator
together with attached flat jet and round jet nozzles or rotary nozzles and connected accessories (e.g.
discharge electrodes, extensions, angle pieces, control unit, etc.) shall be tested. For tests with attached parts,
the smallest and largest parts (e.g. nozzles, discharge electrodes, extensions, angular pieces, etc.) shall be used.

Application systems used without additional measures increasing their capacitance shall be tested without
liquid coating material or water inside the coating material supply system and the nozzle of the applicator.

Application systems used with additional measures that do not increase their capacitance, such as insulating
separation sections without own capacitance, shall be tested as follows:
The coating material supply system shall be filled up to the nozzle of the applicator bubble-free with salt water
with a conductivity > 2,5 𝑥 10−3 S/cm.
Application systems used with additional measures that increase their capacitance, such as potential
separation systems with pendulum containers with own capacitance, shall be tested as follows:
The coating material supply system shall be filled up to the nozzle of the applicator bubble-free with salt water
with a conductivity > 2,5 𝑥 10−3 S/cm. To simulate a potential separation system with pendulum containers,
a high-voltage resistant capacitor (Umax = 100 kV DC, C = 300 pF) must be connected to the salt water and earth
potential at the inlet of the coating material supply system.
Alternatively, to simulate a potential separation system with pendulum containers, each filled hose of the
coating material supply system leading to the applicator must be tightly wrapped with a conductive foil (e.g.
aluminium) and the conductive foil must be connected to earth potential.
NOTE 8 The conductivity of the highly conductive test liquid is higher than the maximum allowed value of
2 𝑥 10−3 S/cm in this document due to safety reasons.

The tests shall be carried out with operative spraying system.

During the tests under high-voltage the coating material supply system up to the nozzle of the applicator shall
be filled with lacquer or destillated water with a conductivity of 5 𝑥 10−8 S/cm for spraying systems intended
to use without additional measures like e.g. potential separation systems.

During the tests under high-voltage the coating material supply system up to the nozzle of the applicator shall
be filled with lacquer or salt-water with a conductivity of > 2,5 𝑥 10−3 S/cm for spraying systems intended to
use with additional measures like e.g. potential separation systems. To simulate a potential separation system,
a high-voltage-resistant capacitor (Umax = 100 kV DC, C = 300 pF) shall be conductively connected to the liquid
of a filled hose of the coating material supply system (opposite end), which leads to the applicator.
Alternatively, each filled hose of the coating material supply system leading to the applicator shall be tightly
wrapped with a conductive foil (e.g. aluminium) and the conductive foil shall be connected to earth potential.

NOTE 7 The conductivity of the highly conductive test fluid is higher than the maximum allowed value of
2 𝑥 10−3 µS/cm in this document due to safety reasons.

During the test under high voltage, the nozzle shall be kept closed (stagnant medium) or if no high voltage
high-voltage is otherwise released, kept open (flowing medium). The tests shall be carried out with the
implementation of the coating material supply system (in the arrangement / laying of hoses in particular),

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prEN 50176:2017 (E)

which leads to the highest possible capacity of the system. Tests shall be performed in the most unfavourable
configurations in terms of length and diameter of coating material supply hoses (original parts) permitted by
the manufacturer, which leads to the highest electrical capacitance and the lowest electrical resistance in these
hoses to the applicator. The tests at the applicators shall be carried out, both with and without attachment
parts (e.g. extensions, angular pieces, etc.). For tests with attachment parts, the smallest and largest parts (e.g.
extensions, angular pieces, etc.) shall be used.

The maximum values shall be set in case of adjustable outlet high voltage high-voltage and adjustable outlet
current.

Figure BC.1.1 and BC.1.2 show the equivalent circuit diagrams of the described measurement systems.

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prEN 50176:2017 (E)

Key
1 coating material supply system (destillated water, salt water, lacquer)
2 coating material supply hose EUT
3 applicator
4 ball electrode (∅ 25 mm)
5 connection cable A ≥ 12 mm2 (litz cable) Formatiert: Hochgestellt
6 low-inductance high-voltage resistor (500 Ω)
7 shunt resistor (e.g. 0,200 Ω)
8 coaxial cable (e.g. double shielded BNC cable)
9 oscilloscope

NOTE 9 Use either figure BC.1.1 or figure BC.1.2

Figure BC.1.1 - Equivalent circuit diagram with shunt and oscilloscope

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prEN 50176:2017 (E)

Key
1 coating material supply system (destillated water, salt water, lacquer)
2 coating material supply hose EUT
3 applicator
4 ball electrode (∅ 25 mm)
5 connection cable A ≥ 12 mm2 (litz cable) Formatiert: Hochgestellt
6 current transformer
7 low-inductance high-voltage resistor (500 Ω)
8 coaxial cable (e.g. double shielded BNC cable)
9 attenuator (optional)
10 oscilloscope

NOTE 10 Use either figure BC.1.1 or figure BC.1.2

Figure BC.1.2 - Equivalent circuit diagram with current transformer and oscilloscope

During the test with active high voltage, the critical parts or ball electrode shall be brought in the most
unfavourable angle and velocity dynamically nearer to each other. During the test, the ball electrode or
applicator shall be brought in the most unfavourable angle and velocity dynamically nearer to each other.
The discharges will be recorded separately by the oscilloscope. For each configuration of the applicator ≥ 25
discharges shall be recorded and evaluated.

The values IC (p) and ti shall be determined in the plot of discharge as defined in Figure BC.2. ti is defined as the
time period, in which the peak current value IC (p) is dropped to 5 % of its value.

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Figure BC.2 — Schematic discharge curve

The discharge current IB rms shall be calculated:

𝐹 𝑥 𝐼𝐶 (𝑃)
𝐼𝐵 𝑟𝑚𝑠 = = Formatiert: Formula, Block, Leerraum zwischen
√6 asiatischem und westlichem Text nicht anpassen,
0,408 𝑥 𝐼𝐶 (𝑃) Leerraum zwischen asiatischem Text und Zahlen nicht
anpassen, Tabstopps: 16 cm, Rechtsbündig

(BC.1)

F is the factor for the electrical potential of the heart describing the hazards for the body caused by electrical
current due to the current path (see IEC TS 60479-1). The current path "hand to both feets" is relevant for this
document with F = 1,0.

NOTE 711 Annex C D shows an example of the measurement procedure and the calculation.

The readings of IC (p) at the oscilloscope depends from the measurement method used.
For the measurement method shunt and oscilloscope use
𝑈𝐶 (𝑝)
𝐼𝐶 (𝑝) = (BC.2)
𝑅𝑆ℎ𝑢𝑛𝑡

For the measurement method current transformer and oscilloscope use

𝑈𝐶 (𝑝)
𝐼𝐶 (𝑝) = (BC.3)
𝐹𝐶𝑇

For the measurement method current transformer, attenuator and oscilloscope use
𝑈𝐶 (𝑝) 𝑥 𝐹𝐴𝑇
𝐼𝐶 (𝑝) = (BC.4)
𝐹𝐶𝑇

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prEN 50176:2017 (E)

The test will be considered to be successful, if the body current IB rms of a discharge with the peak current value
IC (p) and the pulse duration ti after evaluation does not exceed the boundary line C1 of Figure 1 (see 45.1.6.1). Formatiert: Hervorheben

The uncertainties for this measurement method are considered appropriately by the boundary line C 1 of
Figure 1.

During testing multiple discharges can occur. Metrological investigations have shown that the maximum
discharge currents are in multiple discharges significantly lower than in a single discharge, and that the
amplitude of the successive discharges permanently decreases. Therefore, only the current strongest
individual discharges are used for evaluation.

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(informative)

Example for discharge measurement

Figure CD.1 shows an example of a discharge plot, measured with equipment described in Annex BC. Before
the actual measurement starts, it is recommended to provoke a couple of discharges with different time bases
to find the optimal settings of the oscilloscope for reading IC (p) and ti.

Figure CD.1 — Discharge plot

Measurement with shunt and oscilloscope

Oscilloscope U = 200 mV/Div
𝐼 𝑈
Shunt: RShunt = 200 mΩ Oscilloscope: = = 1 A/Div
𝐷𝑖𝑣 𝑅𝑆ℎ𝑢𝑛𝑡
Oscilloscope: time base = 2 μs/Div

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Measurement with current transformer and oscilloscope

Oscilloscope U = 200 mV/Div
Factor current transformer: Oscilloscope:
𝐼
=
𝑈
= 1 A/Div
𝐷𝑖𝑣 𝐹𝐶𝑇
FCT = 0,2 V/A
Oscilloscope: time base = 2 μs/Div

Measurement with current transformer, attenuator and oscilloscope

Oscilloscope U = 200 mV/Div
Factor current transformer: Oscilloscope:
𝐼
=
𝑈 𝑥 𝐹𝐴𝑇
= 1 A/Div
𝐷𝑖𝑣 𝐹𝐶𝑇
FCT = 2 V/A
Factor attenuator: FAT = 10:1
Oscilloscope: time base = 2 μs/Div

Evaluation procedure:

1) Read values: IC (p) = 5,5 A and ti = 13,3 μs

2) Calculation according to (BC.1): IB rms = IC (p) 𝑥 0,408 = 5,5 A 𝑥 0,408 = 2,245 A

3) Plot values (2,245 A; 13,3 μs) into diagram Figure 1.

Check if the resulting point is left of boundary line C1, if yes: Test passed

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Ignitability of coating materials

The fire and explosion protection of spraying systems can be facilitated considerably when processing coating
materials with a low portion of solvents and a high flash point (generally water-based paints), provided that
the spray cloud of the coating materials are considered to be non-ignitable. Substantial research has shown
that the ignitability of spray clouds depends on the composition of the coating materials made mainly of water,
solvents, and solids.

The following classification has been established:

D.1E.1 Non-ignitable coating materials

Coating materials of this group have the following composition:

[% H20] > 1,70 x [% LM] x 0,96 x [% ORG], (all in % by weight)

where

H20: water;

LM: the entire liquid phase, including liquids with flash points above 60 °C and those liquids not listed
in the safety data sheet, in which case the entire liquid phase is ignitable in the sprayed state;

ORG: solid phase which is ignitable in the sprayed state (ignitable inorganic or ignitable organic solids)
including the solids which have an ignitable inorganic or ignitable organic coating.

Non-ignitable coating materials act like water in the liquid phase and in the sprayed state. If the rinsing and
thinner liquids correspond to this category, too, no explosion protection is necessary.

Coating materials of this group are classified as being non-ignitable liquid coating material.

A fire extinguishing equipment is not required for spraying systems of types L-1, L-2, and L-3 processing
coating materials which are classified to be non-ignitable. However, this does not affect the fire protection as
a whole. Even these coating materials may resume ignitability after being partially dried. Moreover, water-
based coating materials will burn when strongly exposed to a fire which had been initiated by other sources,
and thus present a certain fire load.

D.2E.2 Ignitable coating materials

Coating materials which do not satisfy the criteria of “non-ignitable”.

Coating materials of this group are classified as being ignitable liquid coating material.

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Bibliography

[1] Directive 94/9/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 23 March 1994 on the approximation
of the laws of the Member States concerning equipment and protective systems intended for use in
potentially explosive atmospheres, OJ L 100, 19.4.1994, p. 1–29

[2] EN 14462, Surface treatment equipment – Noise test code for surface treatment equipment including
its ancillary handling equipment – Accuracy grades 2 and 3

[3] EN 50348, Automatic electrostatic spraying equipment for non-ignitable liquid spraying material

[4] CLC/TR 50404:2003, Electrostatics – Code of practice for the avoidance of hazards due to static
electricity

[5] EN 60079-10-1, Explosive atmospheres – Part 10-1: Classification of areas – Explosive gas
atmospheres (IEC 60079-10-1)

[6] EN 60079-14, Explosive atmospheres – Part 14: Electrical installations design, selection and erection
(IEC 60079-14)

[7] EN 60079-17, Explosive atmospheres – Part 17: Electrical installations inspection and maintenance
(IEC 60079-17)

[8] EN ISO 11688-1, Acoustics – Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and
equipment – Part 1: Planning (ISO/TR 11688-1)

[9] IEC/TS 60479-1:2005 + Corr. 2006, Effects of current on human beings and livestock - Part 1: General
aspects

[10] IEC/TS 60479-2:2007, Effects of current on human beings and livestock - Part 2: Special aspects

[11] DIN EN ISO 20345:2011 Persönliche Schutzausrüstung - Sicherheitsschuhe

[12] U. v. Pidoll and H. Krämer, Flammability Characteristics of Sprays of Water-based Paints, Fire and
Safety Journal 29 (1997), P. 27-39

[13] U. v. Pidoll, Ignitability of spray clouds of organic solvents, solvent/water mixtures and water-based
paints by electric sparks and open flames, Proceedings of the ESA/IEEE-IAS-EPC/IEJSFE Joint
Conference on Electrostatics 2006 in Berkeley, vol. 2, P. 425-433

[14] F. Baumann, D. Möckel, M. Thedens, Personengefährdung in elektrostatischen Applikationsanlagen –

Vermeidung von Herzkammerflimmern, Poster zur 13. Fachtagung Anlagen-, Arbeits- und
Umweltsicherheit in Köthen 2017

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Annex ZY
(informative)

Significant changes between this Document and EN 50176:2009

The significant changes with respect to EN 50176:2009 are as listed below.

Type

Minor and Extension Substantial

editorial change
changes regarding
ESR´s a

Modification of the title of the document X

Separation of the hazards into “explosion hazard”, “electric

X
hazards” and non-electrical hazards

Reference to EN 16985 for requirements concerning spray

X
booths for liquid coating material

Adaptation of the safety requirements to the EU Directive

X
2014/34/EU (ATEX)

Application of the safety integrity level 2 according to EN 62061 X

Determination of the requirements for spraying systems of

X
category 3G

Determination of requirements of “voltage-controlled and

X
constant voltage mode” and “constant current mode”

Determination of special requirements for spraying systems of

X
category 2G

Determination of requirements concerning spraying areas X

Adaptation of tests concerning the categories of spraying

X
systems

Determination of specific test requirement with moving

X
electrode, 6.3

Revision of the “Information for use”, Clause 7 X

Revision of marking for stationary electrostatic application

X
equipment

a ESR = Essential Health and Safety Requirements (Annex II of Directive 94/9/EC).

General conclusion on the change of the State of the Art by this document

CENELEC/TC 31 as the responsible committee has concluded that this new edition of EN 50176 does not
contain substantial changes regarding the ESRs.

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Annex ZZ
(informative)

Coverage of Essential Requirements of EU Directives

This Document has been prepared under a mandate given to CENELEC by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association and within its scope the document covers only the following essential
requirements out of those given in Annex II of the EU Directive 2014/34/EU:

— ER 1.0

— ER 1.0.1 (satisfied with type A-L, not satisfied with types B-L, C-L & D-L)

— ER 1.0.2, ER 1.0.3, ER 1.0.4, ER 1.0.5, ER 1.0.6

— ER 1.1, ER 1.1.1

— ER 1.2, ER 1.2.1, ER 1.2.2, ER 1.2.3, ER 1.2.4, ER 1.2.6

— ER 1.2.7 a), ER 1.2.7 c), ER 1.2.7 d)

— ER 1.2.8

— ER 1.3, ER 1.3.1, ER 1.3.2, ER 1.3.3

— ER 1.4.1

— ER 1.5.1, ER 1.5.2, ER 1.5.5, ER 1.5.6, ER 1.5.7, ER 1.5.8

— ER 1.6.1, ER 1.6.2, ER 1.6.3, ER 1.6.4, ER 1.6.5

— ER 2.2.1, ER 2.2.1.1, ER 2.2.1.3

— ER 2.3.1, ER 2.3.1.1

Compliance with this document provides one means of conformity with the specified essential requirements
of the Directive concerned.

WARNING: Other requirements and other EC Directives may be applicable to the products falling within the
scope of this document.

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