CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY COMPUTING 7: LEARNER’S BOOK ANSWERS

Learner’s Book
answers
Note to the teacher: Please note that there are always answers to the Questions and Check your
progress features in the Learner’s Book. There may be suggested answers to some questions for Getting
started, Activity, Unplugged activity, Programming task and Practical task features if appropriate.

Unit 1
Questions 1.1 2 Start

1 Parallelogram
2 Rectangle INPUT number

3 0
4 1 answer = number / 2
Questions 1.2
1 Example:
OUTPUT answer
Start

Stop
OUTPUT "Twinkle
twinkle little star"

3 Start
OUTPUT "How I
wonder what you are"

INPUT distanceMiles
Stop

km = distanceMiles * 1.609

OUTPUT km

Stop

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CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY COMPUTING 7: LEARNER’S BOOK ANSWERS

4
Start

INPUT number answer = number * 7

OUTPUT number &

answer = number * 1 "* 7 = " & answer

OUTPUT number & answer = number * 8

"* 1 = " & answer

OUTPUT number &

answer = number * 2 "* 8 = " & answer

OUTPUT number & answer = number * 9

"* 2 = " & answer

OUTPUT number &

answer = number * 3 "* 9 = " & answer

OUTPUT number & answer = number * 10

"* 3 = " & answer

OUTPUT number &

answer = number * 4 "* 10 = " & answer

OUTPUT number & answer = number * 11

"* 4 = " & answer

OUTPUT number &

answer = number * 5 "* 11 = " & answer

OUTPUT number & answer = number * 12

"* 5 = " & answer

OUTPUT number &

answer = number * 6 "* 12 = " & answer

OUTPUT number & Stop

"* 6 = " & answer

(flowchart continues on the

right-hand side of the page)

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Programming task 1.6 Questions 1.6

1 The diamond 1 addNumbers
2 If colour == "purple" 2 Two numbers
3 "I like purple too" is output 3 The two numbers input are added together
4 "That colour is ok, but purple is better" 4 The total of the two numbers added together
is output
5 The algorithm returns to where the
sub-routine was called in the main code
Questions 1.3
1 A programming/algorithm statement that Questions 1.7
makes a decision. Either one output is run,
or a different one is run. 1 Independent flowchart/algorithm with
an identifier. It can be called from other
2 A diamond flowcharts/algorithms. At the end of the
sub-routine, the algorithm returns to where it
3 Two arrows, one with True (or Yes) and one stopped in the main code.
with False (or No)
2
4 The condition; the action if the condition is
true; and the action if the condition is false

Questions 1.4
1 True and false (yes or no, 1 or 0, positive 3 An identifier; a stop or return statement
or negative) 4 Use its identifier in the sub-routine
2 True flowchart symbol

3 When both conditions are False 5 It returns to the algorithm it was called from,
which then continues from that same place
4 Reverses the Boolean value
6 When the same actions happen several times,
5 When one or both conditions are False you only need to draw one flowchart, then call
it several times. This saves time, and you only
Questions 1.5 need to test the sub-routine once.
1 Something that is repeated, e.g. a colour, text,
or design
Questions 1.8
2 Responses will vary depending on experience, 1 print
for example: the same action being performed 2 Double quotation marks
several times; the same background or images
used; the same decisions being made; the same 3 The first has a capital G, the second has a
inputs and outputs being made; the same lowercase g. The first has a full stop at the
character being used; the same movements; end, the second has an exclamation mark.
and so on 4 Closing quotation marks are missing
3 For example: to save time, because a 5 PRINT should be in lowercase
repeated piece of code only needs to be
written and tested once; to make a program 6 print with rounded brackets and the learner’s
more efficient name inside double quotation marks in the
brackets, e.g. print("Victoria Ellis")
7 This will differ for each learner, e.g.
print("I am 11 years old")

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Questions 1.9 2 So people know what they are working

towards to ensure the project is finished
1 Valid on time
2 Invalid – it starts with a number 3 People will not start a task that
cannot be completed due to another task
3 Invalid – it has a space and a full stop
being incomplete
4 Invalid – it is a reserved word
5 Valid
Questions 1.14
1 A formal description/table that lists all of
6 Invalid – it has a hyphen
the ways in which the program will be tested,
and what the output should be
Questions 1.10
2 A description of what is being tested, the data
1 Integer; string; real/float; character; integer input and the expected output
2 Any whole number, e.g. 120 3 To create a record of the tests and the results,
3 Any single characters, e.g. !, V, o to make sure everything is tested and to avoid
repeating the same test(s) multiple times
4 An Integer is a whole number; a Real number
can have a decimal part Questions 1.15
5 A Character is only one character; a String is 1 Code that does not follow the rules of the
one or more characters programming language

Questions 1.11 2 Code that runs but does not do what it is

supposed to do
1 input()
3 Read the code line by line and check that it
2 The assignment is the wrong way around makes sense. Write down the variable names
and should be: and values and make sure they are correct.
colour = input("Enter a colour") Use a checklist to check key words, operators,
variables, and so on.
3 The program takes two numbers as input from
the user, divides the first by the second and 4 Line 1: missing final bracket; Line 4:
outputs the answer average := should be average =
5 Line 4: Total should be + number3 not
Questions 1.12 – number 3; Line 7: total should be
1 An early/small version of a product or system multiplyTotal
that might only have some of the features
Questions 1.16
2 The original purpose and/or requirements of
the product or system 1 Button press; movement/accelerometer/tilt;
temperature sensor; compass; and many more
3 Examples: whether the design is suitable;
whether the inputs and outputs are 2 Light from LEDs; make sounds (with speaker
appropriate; whether it meets the peripheral)
requirements; whether it can be improved
3 A variable
Questions 1.13 4 10
1 To give people tasks that are suitable for 5 Displays a smiley face at first. Each time
them; to make sure everyone has a job; the micro:bit is shaken, 1 is subtracted from
and so everyone knows what they are doing ‘number’. When ‘number’ is less than or equal
to 0, a sad face is displayed.

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Check your progress 1 • storing in a variable (or the read value

direction in the output message)
1 1 mark for each shape. Accept alternative • outputting "Hello"
shapes that are used as standard, e.g. oval for
start/stop. • …with the name
for example
INPUT cost
name = input("Enter your name")
Start
print("Hello", name) [5]
totalCost = 8 1 mark each; answers are examples only.
totalCost + cost
[3] Any two from:
2 1 mark for each correct line. • using incorrect key word
• using incorrect variable
Less than or equal to: <=, Less than:
<, Greater than or equal to: >= [3] • using incorrect mathematical symbol

3
1 mark each, ignore case and minor • any reasonable logic error or
spelling errors. syntax error [2]

a Two of: numA, numB, numC, result [2] 9 a 1 mark each for:
• button(s) pressed
b 14 [1]
• micro:bit moving/accelerometer [2]
c 9 [1]
b 1 mark each for:
4 1 mark for any suitable example.
• LEDs light up
String: Any combination of characters • sound plays [2]
symbols and numbers, with
or without quotation marks, 10 1 mark for each point and 1 mark for each
e.g. "house" expansion. Answers are examples only.
Maximum 4 marks.
Integer: Any whole number in digits, not
words, e.g. 10 • To identify the requirements
• To make sure the game meets each
Real:
Any decimal number in digits, requirement
not words, e.g. 21.3 [3]
• To ensure that each team member knows
5 1 mark for word and 1 for quotation marks. what the end result should be
"Programming" [2] • To identify deadlines

6 1 mark for identifying both errors. 1 mark for • To make sure the game is completed
each correction. on time
• To identify deadlines along the way
Error 1: Conversion = 1.5; Correction:
Change to 1.6 • To identify the inputs/processes/outputs
for the game
Error 2: moonMiles is in quotation marks;
• To ensure that the inputs/processes/
Correction: Remove the quotation marks [3]
outputs are used consistently in
7 1 mark each for: the program
• outputting a messaging telling user to • To ensure that everyone knows what
enter their name (part of input message or needs to be done before starting [4]
print statement)
• taking data from the user as input

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Questions 2.3
Unit 2
1 Subtracts the deposit from the cost of the bike
Questions 2.1 to give the amount borrowed (Cost of bike –
Deposit = Amount borrowed)
1 Any one from: Greater than 0, Less than 0,
Equal to 0 2 Adds the total amount to be repaid to the
deposit, to give the total amount Sofia will
2 Any one from: If Balance > 0 colour text and spend on the bike (Total amount to be repaid
background green; If Balance < 0 colour + Deposit = Total cost of bike)
text and background red; If Balance = 0
colour text and background orange 3 Multiplies the number of years by 12 to find
the number of months, then rounds this up to
3 To attract the attention of the user to certain the nearest whole number. The ROUNDUP
parts of the spreadsheet. To make it easy to function is needed because the payment term
see important information, e.g. if a value is needs to be a whole number of months.
positive or negative.
Activity 2.2
Practical task 2.3
3 Suggested column headings are Units/
See Source file 2.1_drama_society_accounts_
Number, Bought/Sold and Cost/Price per unit
answers.xlsx.
To test your rule, change one or more of the values 4 Total
in cells C3, C4 or C5 so that the value in cell C6
goes above the sales target. If the cell changes Unplugged activity 2.3
from green to red, the rule is working correctly.
1 Answers might include the following,
but accept other responses that seem relevant:
Questions 2.2
• What the simulator should show on
1 Blue the screens to imitate a normal road
(e.g. pedestrians, other traffic, road layout,
2 Yellow
traffic lights)
3 Purple • What the simulator should do when each
control is pressed/turned (what the screens
Unplugged activity 2.2 should show, what sounds should play,
Total costs = Building hire + Lighting hire what vibrations/movement should occur
+ Costume hire + Merchandise costs to make it feel like the car is moving)
+ Refreshment costs • What should happen if no controls are
Balance = Total sales – Total costs pressed/turned when an obstacle is in the
way on the screen, or if the driver steers
into an object/off the road
Practical task 2.4
2 Answers might include the following:
1 $420.00
• Including data that is not relevant might
2 $18.05 make the system slower
3 $513.25 • If the system is not given enough data
about the wide range of things that can
4 $36.32 happen in a certain situation, it may
5 No behave in an unrealistic way

6 $184.77 (Accept any answer between this 3 Answers might include the following:
and $185.00) • The driver might react differently to some
situations in real life than they do in a
7 1.22 years (15 months) (Accept answers
simulation, because they know that the
between 1.22 and 1.25 years)
simulation is not putting anyone in danger

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• Simulators can be very expensive The result of the query should be:
• If the programming contains mistakes,
Game Game name Genre Age
the simulator will not be as good
code rating
• A simulator can never replicate real life (Age+)
completely accurately
BB01 Bill & Betty 2D platform 12
Activity 2.3 SA01 Super 2D platform 12
Adventurer
2 Answers should conclude that the customer
wants a bit too much furniture for the room to PB01 Point Blank 2D platform 12
be easily usable. Ideas for what they could do
CC01 Chuck’s 3D platform 12
instead might include:
Challenge
• Have a small bookcase instead of a
large one RB01 Risky Simulation 12
Business
• Remove one of the sofas or the armchair
and/or ottoman Z01 Zoomer Racing 12
• Do not install a fireplace PC01 Portal Arcade 12
Combat
Getting started 2.3
1 Game name, Age rating or Genre Unplugged activity 2.5
2 Bill & Betty, 12, 2D platform or any other row • ‘<5’ in the Age rating field
in the database • ‘>=8’ in the Age rating field
3 Accept Text, Short text or Alphanumeric • ‘="Puzzle"’ in the Genre field

4 Accept Integer, Numeric or Number Practical task 2.7

5 Genre = "puzzle" See Query3, Query4 and Query5 in
6 Work It Out, 8, puzzle Source file 2.3_computer_games_answers.accdb.
7 Build Blocks, 3, arcade The results of the queries should be:

8 Super Adventurer, 12, 2D platform and Games for children under 5:

Blocks Super Build, 3, puzzle
Game Game name Genre Age
code rating
Unplugged activity 2.4 (Age+)
Animal Name is likely to be the most suitable
BB02 Build Blocks Arcade 3
primary key. If a student has given any of their
animals of the same type the same name, they PP01 Ping Pong Arcade 3
will need to add a primary key field and number
the fields. BSB01 Blocks Super Puzzle 3
Build
Practical task 2.6 TGR01 The Great Racing 3
See Query2 in Race
Source file 2.3_computer_games_answers.accdb. FB01 Flip Buggy Racing 3
DG01 Diggy Hole Simulation 3
AB01 Angry Bugs Puzzle 3

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Games for children aged 8 and over: Practical task 2.8

Game Game name Genre Age Criteria >"Q" in the Game name field
code rating
BB01 Bill & Betty 2D 12+
Questions 2.4
platform 1 A field in a database that contains a unique
SA01 Super 2D 12+ piece of data for every record
Adventurer platform 2 Game code
TPT01 Theme Park Simulation 8+ 3 Multiple records have the same genre
Tycoon
4 Multiple records could have the same name
HSH01 Home Sweet Simulation 8+
Home 5 a See Query7 in Source file 2.3_computer_
games_answers.accdb.
WIO01 Work It Out Puzzle 8+
PB01 Point Blank 2D 12+ Bill & Betty
platform Build Blocks
TR01 Train Ride 2D 8+ Blocks Super Build
platform
Bungo Kawaii
HM01 Hospital Simulation 8+
Manager Countdown Doug

BK01 Bungo 3D 8+ Chuck’s Challenge

Kawaii platform Angry Bugs
CD01 Countdown Puzzle 8+
Doug b <"D"

CC01 Chuck’s 3D 12+

Challenge platform
Questions 2.5
1 To collect data from a person
RB01 Risky Simulation 12+
Business 2 Answers might include the following:
WC01 Word Crush Puzzle 8+ • Is it clear what each question is asking?
Z01 Zoomer Racing 12+ • Is it clear what format the answer should
be in?
PC01 Portal Arcade 12+
• Are the spaces for written answers an
Combat
appropriate size?

Puzzle games: • Is it easy to see all the questions?

• Are the questions in an order that
Game Game name Genre Age makes sense?
code rating • Are all the questions asking for
information I really need?
BSB01 Blocks Super Build Puzzle 3+
WIO01 Work It Out Puzzle 8+ Check your progress 2
CD01 Countdown Doug Puzzle 8+ 1 To attract the users’ attention to certain
WC01 Word Crush Puzzle 8+ values/cells in a spreadsheet; so that it
is easier for them to see patterns in
AB01 Angry Bugs Puzzle 3+ the data [1]
2 A test that gives a true or false result [1]

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3 a A [1] 3 2.4 GHz because radio waves at a higher

frequency are less able to pass through
b D [1] solid objects
4 It is a digital representation of a
real-life system or a process. [1] Questions 3.4
5 To give a realistic imitation of a real-life 1 Pairing
situation or system [1]
2 10 metres
6 Any two from: Learn how to operate
spacecraft; learn how to operate tools 3 25 Mbps
in space; learn how to move in
zero-gravity conditions [2] Activity 3.4
7 a Product ID; because it is the only Students might identify any of the following
field in the database that has a improvements of 5G over 4G:
unique entry for each product [2] • 5G squeezes in more data per hertz than
4G – it uses the frequencies available to it
b Field: Number in stock; criteria: <10 [2]
more efficiently
c Field: Number in stock; criteria: • 5G networks use smaller cells than 4G
>=20 or >19 [2] networks, which means each one needs
d Field: Product name; criteria: less energy to power it and can be installed
>="N" or >"M" [2] more quickly
• 5G towers do not have to be purpose-built –
the equipment can be installed on existing
Unit 3 buildings and lampposts, which means it is
much easier to make the network available
Questions 3.1 to people
• 4G uses frequencies under 6 GHz, but some
1 Web browser 5G networks use higher frequencies around
2 Three 30 GHz – higher frequencies can carry
more data more quickly, and using different
3 The path frequencies from other networks means there
won’t be as much interference from other
4 The protocol
signals on the same frequencies.
5 A text-based address for a web server that is • 5G can support 1,000+ more devices per
part of a URL metre than 4G
• 5G is a lot more efficient with its energy
Questions 3.2 use – it can switch to a low power mode when
1 Domain names/URLs and their matching demand is low, then power up again when
IP addresses demand is high

2 A web browser Questions 3.5

3 The final DNS that is searched sends back a 1 There is something wrong with the data and/
404 error message to say the website cannot or part of it is incorrect
be found.
2 Errors that accidentally occur in computer
Questions 3.3 data causing changes or damage to the
original data
1 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz
3 Any two from: surges in electricity, interference
2 Wireless network interface card/controller in radio waves, crosstalk
or WNIC

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Unplugged activity 3.3 3 Look at the features and decide how good or
useful they are
MY FAVOURITE SUBJECT IS COMPUTING!
Questions 4.2
Check your progress 3
1 Examples: word-processing software,
1 Uniform resource locator or URL [1] spreadsheet software, a web browser, database
2 C [1] software, games, a note-taking app, a graphics
editor, a sound editor, desktop publishing
3 a wi-fi network [1] software, email software
b This type of network is divided into 2 To allow people to perform everyday tasks
small geographical areas called cells. with a computer
Each cell has a base station that
transmits radio waves to other devices Questions 4.3
and base stations. [2]
1 Any two from: operating system, anti-virus
c Bluetooth Wireless Technology software, defragmenting software, data
network [1] compression software
4 Web server [1] 2 To manage and maintain the hardware/
5 Any two from: computer system and allow application
software to run
• Look at the protocol to see if it
uses ‘https’
Unplugged activity 4.3
• Look for the padlock symbol
Answers could include any of the following points:
• Check the digital certificate to see if
it is valid [2] Reasons:
• Humans only need to be able to control
6 B [1]
certain things on a computer, i.e. those things
7 1 mark for each correct step, maximum 4 marks. application software allows us to control

1
Stores a list of URLs and their • Most people would not know how to sensibly
matching IP addresses manage and share out resources such as power
and space on a computer, or how to find and
2 Receives a URL from a web browser isolate viruses, and this would take up a lot of
time, so it’s best if they don’t have to do this
3 Finds the matching IP address for
the URL • Some things can be automated (done by
the computer itself), which is what system
4 Sends the IP address back to the software does
web browser [4]
Benefits:
• Humans can spend time and energy doing
Unit 4 only the things they need/want to do on
the system
Questions 4.1 • System processes can run in the background
at the same time as the user does tasks with
1 A single part or aspect of the design of a application software
computer system
2 Any two from: small screen, lightweight,
Getting started 4.3
speaker, microphone, touch screen, on/ 101, 11, 1000, 010, 01, 111
off button, volume control, fingerprint
sensor, Bluetooth Wireless Technology
capability, hard outer case, camera, any other
sensible feature

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Questions 4.4 2 AND, OR and NOT

1 Denary 3 NOT

2 Binary 4 AND and OR

3 a 14 b 28 5 a True   b False   c True

d False (They are flows of electricity.)
Unplugged activity 4.4
Questions 4.8
1 A simulation of human intelligence within a
computer system
2 A computer system that can operate without
human interaction. It automatically takes in
data, analyses it and then provides an output.
3 Any two valid examples of monitoring in a
hospital or healthcare setting, e.g. oxygen
level, heart rate, temperature
Questions 4.5
4 Websites look at cookies on a user’s machine
1 Four (white, black, red/pink and green) to see what the user likes and to target them
2 2 with specific kinds of advertising, which
generates more sales for retailers
3 Two bits are used to encode each colour
Check your progress 4
Activity 4.5
1 Students can give any feature as the most
Students should find that the file size, resolution
useful, it is their justification that is important.
and bit depth of tiff and raw files are much larger
Example justifications could be:
than those of jpg files. This is because tiff and raw
are uncompressed image file types, whereas jpg is • Lightweight – it is going to be carried
compressed. around a lot by the user, so it is important
that it is not too heavy
Questions 4.6 • Large screen – the user may want to use
if for tasks such as reading emails and
1 Higher sample rate = larger file looking at their social media, so a large
2 Sound quality is not nearly as important screen will improve their experience of
in voice calls – you just need to be able to doing this
understand what is being said. Music is much • Good quality speaker – the user may need
more complex and exists for entertainment so to hear another person when making
quality is much more important. a telephone call in lots of different
conditions. One of these could be on
Unplugged activity 4.6 a noisy train, so they need it to have a
good speaker so they can hear the other
Situation 1: OR gate
person properly. [2]
Situation 2: AND gate
2 1 mark for each correct statement flagged as
Situation 3: NOT gate true, maximum 3.

Questions 4.7 A, D and E are all true [3]

1 A very small hardware component in a 3 1 mark for each correct link, max 7.
computer system that is used to control the Denary: A base-10 number system that is
flow of electricity within the computer mainly used by humans

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Binary: A base-2 number system that is used 5 a

by computers
Analogue: A continuous stream of data that is
made up of many values
[1]
Digital: Binary data that is processed by a
computer system b

Pixel: A very small part of an image. Many of

these are laid out in a grid to create the image.
Resolution: The quality of an image, which is [1]
related to the number of pixels it contains for
its size 6 a NOT [1]

Colour depth: The number of bits that are b OR [1]

used to create colours in an image [7]
c AND [1]
4 The analogue image is divided into pixels;
each pixel has a single colour; each colour
has a matching binary value [3]

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