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Ex.no.6 Proximate Analysis of Coal

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21 views

Ex.no.6 Proximate Analysis of Coal

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mahikhanzod1929
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© © All Rights Reserved
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MKSSS’s Cummins college of Engineering for women

Karvenagar, Pune-411052
An Autonomous Institute affiliated to Savitribai Phule University

20BS02L: Chemistry Laboratory

Experiment No.-

Title -

Date -

U-- no. -

Batch -
Part 1) Moisture content in coal:

Observations:

I. Weight of empty crucible = --------- gm.(a)


II. Weight of crucible + Coal = --------- gm.(b)
III. Weight of coal = ---------------------- gm.(b-a)
IV. Weight of crucible + Coal after heating = ---------- gm.(c)

Part 2. Ash Content in coal:

Observation:
I. Weight of empty crucible = ------------ gm.(a)
II. Weight of crucible + Coal =------------ gm.(b)
III. Weight of coal = ------------------------- gm.(b-a)
IV. Weight of crucible + residue after heating = ----------- gm.(c)

Calculations:

 Percentage moisture:

From the observations following values are known:

1) Weight of Coal = -------------- gm. (b-a)


2) Loss in weight of Coal = --------------- gm. (b-c)

Therefore, Moisture percentage = Loss in weight of Coal × 100


Weight of coal

Moisture = %

 Percent ash:

From the observations following values are known:


1) Weight of Coal = ---------- gm. (b-a)
2) Weight of Ash = ----------- gm.(C-a)

Therefore, Ash percentage = Weight of Ash × 100 =


Weight of Coal

Ash= %
MKSSS’s Cummins College of Engineering for Women
Karvenagar, Pune - 411052
BSc102L - CHEMISTRY LAB

EXPERIMENT NO.6: PROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF COAL

 Aim : To determine moisture and ash content in a given coal sample by


proximate analysis.

 Theory:
1) The composition of coal varies according to the degree of coalification. In order to
compare the coal use quality; analysis of coal is carried out.
2) Coal is analyzed in two ways:
A) Proximate analysis
B) Ultimate analysis
Proximate analysis is an empirical but important analysis. The data varies with the
procedure adopted and hence it is called proximate analysis. It gives information about
the practical utility of coal. Proximate analysis of coal determines the moisture, ash,
volatile matter and fixed carbon of coal. Whereas ultimate analysis of coal is carried out
to ascertain the composition of coal.

3) Significance of Proximate Analysis

a) Significance of moisture content:


i) Moisture lowers the heating value of coal and takes away appreciable amount of
liberated heat in the form of latent heat of vaporization.
ii) Moisture also increases the transport costs and causes difficulty in handling coal.
iii) Presence of excessive moisture quenches fire in the furnace.
Hence, the lesser the moisture content, the better the quality of coal as a fuel.

b) Significance of Volatile matter:


i) The volatile matter in coal consists of a complex mixture of gaseous and liquid
products resulting from the thermal decomposition of the coal. Volatile matter does not
include moisture of coal. It consists mainly of combustible gases such as H2, CO, CH4
and other hydrocarbons.
ii) A high percent volatile matter indicates that a large proportion of fuel is burnt as a
gas or vapours or may escape unburnt.
iii) The high volatile matter content coal produces long flames, high smoke and
relatively low heating values.
c) Significance of Ash content:
i) Coal contains inorganic mineral substances which are converted into ash by
chemical reactions during the combustion of coal. Ash usually consists of silica,
alumina, iron oxide and small quantities of lime, magnesia etc.
ii) Ash reduces the calorific value and creates many difficulties in efficient utilization
of coal.
iii) High ash leads to large heat losses, heat of combustion and cause problem of
clinkering (Forming of ash lumps). Hence, the lesser the ash content better is the
quality of coal as a fuel.

 Apparatus: Electrical oven, muffle furnace, analytical balance, porcelain


crucible, silica crucible, tongs, desiccators.

 Chemicals: Coal Sample (Fine Powder)

 Procedure:
Moisture content:
i) Weigh porcelain crucible, note down the weight.
ii)Transfer some coal powder to crucible and weigh. Note down
the weight.
iii) Keep the crucible (without lid) in the electric oven maintained at 1050C to 1100 C for
one hour.
iv) Remove the crucible from oven with a pair of tongs and keep it in a desiccator for
cooling. After it is cooled to room temperature, weigh it and note down the weight.

Ash Content:
i) Weigh silica crucible without lid and note down the weight.
ii) Transfer some coal powder to crucible and weigh. Note down the weight.
iii) Keep the crucible in the muffle furnace maintained at 7250 C (without lid) for 30
minutes.
iv) Remove the crucible from furnace with a pair of tongs and keep it in desiccators for
cooling. After it is cooled to room temperature, weigh it and note down the weight.

 Result: The sample of coal moisture percentage is ----------- and ash percentage
is -------------

 Conclusion for the experiment: (Give significance of moisture and ash based on
percentages calculated for given sample.)
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Signature & Date of Batch In charge

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