I.

Acknowladgment
I would like to thanks to almighty God for always be with me in all my endeavors and giving
me endurance to accomplish my internship program successfully . Secondly, I owe my heartful
thanks for our department head Ass prof Elias chernet who contributed his valuable and
constructive ideas before starting the internishep , next I would like to thanks my family , my
friends and relatives as they initiates me to work the internship in break season by giving support
and Love. Then, I would like to send my special thanks to the organization workers especially
my supervisors Mr. Eyob and Mr. Melese, they initiate and motivate me to respect the
working time and follow my actively from starting up to ending of my internship.

II. Abstract:
Urban planning is one of the main applications of GIS. Urban planners use GIS both as aspatial
database and as an analysis and modelling tool. The applications of GIS varyaccording to the
different stages, levels, sectors, and functions of urban planning. With theincrease in user-
friendliness and functions of GIS software and the marked decrease in theprices of GIS software ,
GIS is an operational and affordable information system for planning. It is increasingly
becoming an important component of planning support systems.

This report presents a comprehensive exploration of the integration of Geographic Information

Systems (GIS) and surveying techniques the context of city site planning. The study aims to
examine the practical application of GIS tools and techniques in urban planning and
development, with a focus on enhancing spatial analysis, decision-making, and sustainable
resource management. it encompasses the utilization of GIS to address the complex spatial
dynamics inherent in urban environments, with specific attention to land use planning,
infrastructure development, and environmental conservation.approaches to leverage GIS as a
pivotal tool for informed decision-making and sustainable urban development.

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Itroduction

Urban environments are dynamic and ever-changing, offering both complex opportunities and
difficulties for sustainable development and effective resource management. In the field of city
site planning, the combination of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with surveying
methods has become a key paradigm, providing a solid foundation for developmental evaluation,
spatial analysis, and well-informed decision-making. The dynamic interaction of GIS and
surveying in the context of urban planning and development is thoroughly examined in this
internship report.The symbiotic link between GIS and surveying results in a thorough method of
planning city sites that incorporates topographic data, geospatial data, and land survey
observations. The combination of various multidimensional information offers a comprehensive
understanding of urban environments, which makes it easier to develop infrastructure and land
use policies that are sustainable.

Urban environments are dynamic and ever-changing, offering both complex opportunities and
difficulties for sustainable development and effective resource management. In the field of city
site planning, the combination of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with surveying
methods has become a key paradigm, providing a solid foundation for developmental evaluation,
spatial analysis, and well-informed decision-making. The dynamic interaction of GIS and
surveying in the context of urban planning and development is thoroughly examined in this
internship report.

1..Back ground of the internship

The rapidly changing pattern of urban growth has given rise to new problems for urban planning
and redevelopment. This growth has been associated with increasing pressure on land for human
settlements and related urban services. Thus, immediate attention required for the perspective

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physical planning of towns and cities due to higher complexity involved in it. Urban planning
takes place in a spatial context. Much of this planning has to do with the use of land and how the
different types of land uses relate to one another.

This means that urban planning must contend with many conflicting goals and circumstances. A
desire toprovide an amendable and efficient urban environment conflicts with the need to
conserve resources. due to rapid growth of population and lack of attention by government my
spesfic enternishep area durame city is also suffering from many problems including road and
transport utility ,there is avillage called hambo around an exit to shashamane town instead of
being well planed and organized as amain exit of durame city it was suffering from many
problems of road and again there was aproblem concerning bus station because there was only
one bus station all over the town.but last year durame city municipal in association with the
mayor office of the town they have been selecting new site for the new bus station,hambo i
mentioned above is also selected for the new bus station too. and my enternishep was there
working with different gis experts and civil engineeris.

as aGIS intern I have chosen the urban site plan sector because, GIS plays a crucial role in site
planning by providing a comprehensive understanding of the site, facilitating informed decision-
making, and supporting effective communication with stakeholders. It helps planners and
designers consider multiple factors, optimize designs, and create sustainable, functional, and
aesthetically pleasing environments.

1.1 .Back ground of durame durame city muncipality office

Durame city administrative structure has evolved over the years in line with the changing
political landscape of Ethiopia.

Durame City had its beginnings as a small town and gradually grew in importance as a
commercial and administrative center. During the Imperial era, the city served as a hub for trade
routes, connecting various regional markets. However, the local governance system during that
time was mainly under the control of regional authorities.

Significant changes occurred in the administrative setup during the communist regime, which
lasted from 1974 to 1991. The Ethiopian government underwent a series of political reforms,

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including the establishment of a new administrative structure at the local level. This involved the
creation of municipalities across the country, including Durame City.

With the introduction of the federal system in the early 1990s, Ethiopia underwent another round
of administrative reforms. A focus was placed on decentralization, giving more power and
decision-making authority to local governments. This led to the establishment of municipal
offices in cities like Durame, responsible for managing local services, infrastructure development,
and addressing the needs of the community.

The Durame City Municipality Office plays a vital role in coordinating and implementing
various development projects and initiatives in the city. They oversee areas such as urban
planning, waste management, water supply, transportation, and local governance. The office
works closely with the community, engaging in participatory decision-making processes to
ensure the city's development aligns with the needs and aspirations of the residents.

Overall, the historical background of the Durame City Municipality Office reflects the evolution
of local governance in Ethiopia, from traditional authorities to more contemporary structures,
with a focus on decentralization and community involvement.

I. Goals
The primary goal of the Durame City Municipality Office is to effectively govern and manage
the city, ensuring the provision of essential services and promoting the overall well-being of its
residents.

II. mission
Their mission is to enhance the quality of life for the community by implementing sustainable
and inclusive development strategies.

III. .vision

The vision of the municipality office is likely centered around envisioning Durame City as a
vibrant, inclusive, and environmentally friendly city, providing a high standard of living for the
community.

IV. SWOT
the SWOT analysis of the Durame City Municipality Office:
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Strengths:

 understanding of the community's needs.

 Authority and mandate to plan and implement development projects.

 Access to government resources, funding, and support.

 Local knowledge and expertise to address specific challenges and opportunities.

Weaknesses:

 Limited financial resources and budget constraints.

 -Possible lack of technical expertise in specific areas.

 problems of infrastructures at their bureau .

 unethical behaviors of some workers.

V .values
In terms of values, the Durame City Municipality Office likely upholds principles such as
transparency, accountability, equity, inclusiveness, and sustainability.

VI.structure
The structure of the institution/organization can vary depending on the specific context of
Durame City. However, a typical municipal structure may include a mayor or city manager at the
top, supported by different departments and units responsible for various functions such as urban
planning, finance, infrastructure, social services, and public relations.

1.2.Objectives of the internship

general objectives
major objectives of my internship is as follows

1. understanding how to use GIS in site planning

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2. using engineering and surveyor's instruments learnt in theory section practically example
handheld GPS, theodolites.....

3. understand steps and legal codes provided concerning site planning

4. make connection with GIS and survey professionals in application areas

specific objectives

1. To assesses site planing and survey in durame city.

2. To identify working rules, regulations and procedures of the host institution in the study area.

3. To understand the working structure and work flow of the given host institution.

4. To get more knowledge and more experience in the area of site planing and surveying.

5. To creat proffesional network in the working environment.

1.3.Scope of the internship

The internship was conducted in Durame Town, Kembata zone, Southern Ethiopia(in new
reform central ethiopia regional state ). The specific area of the internship was under the host
office of durame cit municipality cadastral office ,site selection and planning for the purpose of
growth of the city

2.Description of Internship Site (working environment)

2.1.back ground of working environment

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Figure.1.study area of the internishep

This enternishep was conducted in Durame town which found in the administrative zone of the
Kembata Zone, southern Ethiopia( central Ethiopia regional satate in new reform).

The zone is bordered on the south by wolayta, on the southwest by Dawro, on west by Tembaro
special woreda, on the northwest by Hadiya, on the north by Gurage, on the east by the Alaba
zone, and on the southeast by an exclave of the Hadiya Zone. The administrative center
is Durame; other important towns include Shinshicho. Other local landmarks include the seven
mountains of Ambaricho, Kataa, and Datoo, and the hot springs at Motokoma. The longest river
in the area is the Lagabora which in Kambaata means the "river of Bora".

Kembata has 217 kilometers of all-weather roads and 140 kilometers of dry-weather roads, for
an average road density of 249 kilometers per 1000 square kilometers.

The town has an latitudeandlongitude of 7°14′N 37°53′E with an elevation of 2101 meters above
sea level. It is located at a distance of 357 km in the south-west from capital city of Ethiopia,

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Addis Ababa and 130 km from the capital city of the region, Hawassa (hossaina by the new
reform ). Itissurrounded by Damboyaworeda, Kachabiraworeda and Kedidagamelaworeda.

main economic activities of the area are Construction , Manufacturing , Trade , Service , and
urban agriculture

Durame, being situated in Ethiopia, generally falls within the subtropical climate zone. However,
due to its specific location and altitude, it likely experiences variations in climate throughout the
year, typical of highland and lowland regions. These variations can include differences in
temperature, precipitation, and overall weather patterns.

Temperatures in this region can vary significantly based on the time of year, with distinct wet
and dry seasons. During the wet season, there may be increased rainfall, contributing to the lush
green landscapes that Ethiopia is known for. This can have a significant impact on agriculture
and local ecosystems.

In terms of temperature, the area around Durame may experience milder temperatures during the
rainy seasonand relatively warmer temperatures during the dry season, as is common in many
subtropical highland regions.

3.Materials and Methods used during the internishep

3.1.Materials

Materiasl Description

GPS reciever For point data collection .

GPs cable To trasnfer data from GPS to computer

Stationary materials For data recording and report writing .

Topographic map To degtize some utilities and infrastructures.

Computer (Microsoft word ,exel....) For data management

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CAD software For spatial analysis like modeling.

ArcGIS software For degtizing andfeatures classification .

Theodolite For surveying ( It is an electronic device used in a

triangulation network, which resembles a small
telescope)

Note books ,pen ,pencil to take notes ,memos

Tape To horzontal measurement

Table 1.list and description of materials used during the internishep

3.2Methods
Data collection techniques

I. Primary data collection: -for the study the primary or field data will be collected Using
GIS and field observation Which is mainly held by surveying ,using theodolites ,ground
measurements using tapes etc

II. Secondary data collection: - to supplement the field collected data the secondary data will
be used. Those data will beLand use map, (land sat) or spot, Infrastructure map like road,
Written document available in the muncipality office.

4.Internship activities and discussions (Activities performed and field

findings):
For the planning procces primary and secondary data will be used. Primary data are coordinates
of the location of the land parcels , which will be obtained using handled GPS receiver and the
secondary data are the existing shape file which represents the whole town and boundary of each
kebele’s in the town will be obtained from municipality. Satellite image will be downloaded
from Google Earth for road digitization and settlement representation. And also, other additional

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secondary data will be used such as; attributes (names, numbers, levels and owners of land
parcels) from the muncipality and data from internet and written documents .

Figure. 2. DWG of Mekana village site plan

expansion urban areas is a difficult task, classifying different types of urban land use is even
more so. The urban environment is characterized by a mixture of diverse material and land use
classes, such as buildings, commercial infrastructures, transportation networks, and parks.
Because they are combinations of spectrally distinct land cover types, mixed pixels in

urban areas are frequently misclassified as other land-cover classes. Such spectral heterogeneity
severely limits the applicability of standard classification techniques, where it is assumed that the
study area is comprised by a number of unique and internally homogeneous classes. in our case
durame city (mekana) village the planning procedure was caried by professionals the way the

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village planned is modern and well orginized .settlement areas and utilities and services are
closer as well as commercial areas are not far from the setlment area.

In my case makana village site planning we have faced different dispute from the sorounding
society due to their land taken for the constraction of road and different utilities including the
new bus station ,however the plan is landed for the benefit of the society some of the society
members show opposition but we solve the disputes through peaceful way.the workers have nice
practical skills that I have learned and gained different experience and skills from an internship
such as,To mature computer skill, To gain experience how to setup the field instrument such as
hand held and differential GPS.To gain skills on how to record the field data by using GPS, Total
Station and qualitative and non-spatial data collection forms.In terms of enhancing our
theoretical knowledgeIn terms of technical skills In terms of developing good work habit
Generally, I have gained further skills and knowledge during internship when compared to the
theory as we have learned in the previous class, because we have done practical work with many
experts in the organization,and the work of the plan fits what I learned in class session.

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lesson .

Figure 3 final map of mekana village site plan

.
5 Opportunities and challenges that can be faced by the organization
5.1.Opportunities of organization
The major aim of the organization is land lease allocation to the urban area and conflict
resolution and boundary delineation in urban area so the organization:-provide better image to

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the urban area.supply land lease for different sectorsprovide efficient use of landCreate better
accesses to land for business communityStrengthen institution capacity of land administration
leasing offices along with attaining good governance to the country

5.2.From community prospective

The organization could be providing;Proof the Owner of the land boundary to the
community.Conflict resolution to the community.To provide knowledge of land lease and
allotment system to the community.To provide benefit for the community from the production of
goods and services by giving for investors a land by lease and allotment syste

5.3.From government prospective

 The government can provide fair taxes distribution to the urban land area.

 The government can provide how many land can be used and easily distributed.

 Government can determine relationship between one country to other through lease and
allotment.

 To manage land easily To make fair tax levying and collecting .

 To provide land title deed to the owner of the land easily.

5.4.From non govermental organization prospective

Nongovernmental organization is an organization that perform an activity without government
intervention, non-governmental organization does not opposed governmental organization
activity and wellbeing activity about the side of governmental organization for instance charity
organization, red car organization. Then the institution appreciates those organizations by giving
land for their work.

5.5. From experts prospective

Workers and employers can develop their experiences and gain knowledge on how site
selection and planing system used for rapid development in one country. To create a great
opportunity for skillful and experienced experts ,in order to; satisfy customers, to strengthen and

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improving urban land using system, to estimate how many employers are needed to perform
wisely and effectively .

5.6.From other potential prospective

The organization creates multitude opportunity for urban dwelling peoples to expand
infrastructure like electricity, road, pipeline, water supply, school, university, hospital and also
coordinated with bank, court mayor in terms of land related issues.

5.7.Challenges of the organization

 Urban land speculative and illegal construction,

 Lack of appropriate and proper certificate of an owner, Mal practice (corruption,

favoritism),Inappropriate arrangement of files document of an owner

 Lack of the ability of understanding the core purpose of lease proclamation,

 Unfit demand and supply of land for allotment and tender,

 professional rarely procrastination from work,

5.8. Strength ,Weakness ,Opportunity and Treatment of the Organization

Strength
 providing good governance to the country provide land distribution to the community
properly.

 provide land compensation when the owner of the land expropriated.provide land mortgage

 .provide tax collectionConflict resolution.

Weakness
Dalliance of decision-the organization most manual based rather than computer based sytems.

There is no equal distribution of work to the worker.

There is lack of punctuality.

Opportunity
 is a chance that increases the efficiency of an institution working mechanism.

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 To create employment opportunity for unemployed people of the community.

 To provide proof of the ownership of land within their (rights, responsibilities and
restriction).

 To create the awareness of bundle of right.

 To provide better image to the urban area.

 To supply land lease or allocation for different sectors.

To provide efficient use of land.

Threaten
The organization gets many threaten , during scarce resource distribution system like lease bench
mark price, illegal construction around hinterland of city, speculation and rent seeking, ,customer
satisfaction ways, compensation ,farming area, time and so on.

6.Experiences gained and lessons learned

When I am doing the internship activity I got different benefit, the benefits I had gained on in
terms of many points of view, and some of them are:

6.1.In terms of improving practical skill

We have learned and acquire some skills from an internship .I can never be really clued up on
what a job entails until I have been working practical in that role.I have done the practical work
for many days with filed surveyor and GIS professional in the site.The internship season has
help me in improving my practical skill.

6.2.In terms of upgrading theoretical knowledge

The additional skill and knowledge gained during an internship can often be directly applied to
the studies and if it applied correctly it can lead to better grade. This in turn will help me to
progress the next stage of a career path more effectively Since I have learnt a lot in class it must
have to upgrade it in various way, simply I know more while I watch it with my eyes ,or watch
what we had learned about I recall related theoretical knowledge with practical.

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6.3.In terms of improving work ethics
Here are some things I try to develop a good work ethics.

 Practical punctuality:-develop the habit of being on time, getting to work on time.

 Cultivated self-discipline:-anything worthwhile achieving takes discipline –staying focusing

on the long term goal and not being side tracked by short term gratification.

 Develop profession:-professionalism goes beyond hard white shirt and tie.it include attitude.

 To provide evidence that I have initiative, reliable, and have a sense of responsibility,

 To improve the opportunity to practice communication and team work skills,

 I got an experience for the office works for the future time,

 I got the confidence to overcome challenges .

 I get some ethical skill, data management system using different system, how to develop
patience and work ethics within employers.

 I improve the habit of tolerance and sociability in the working environment and society.

7.Conclusion and recommendation

7.1. Conclusion
As Conclusion is away of generalizing the overall discussion of internship activity , When we
were conducted an internship in 45ddays in Durame city municipality office; land is scarce
resource that required serious consideration for efficient management and organized institutional
arrangement ,in order to satisfy land renters following to land laws and proclamation established
by federal constitution, my internship relatively related with our department course. Even though
land is scarce resource the organization tried to address fair distribution for urban settler with
considering urban structural and master plane through auction and allotment system. During
urban land distribution system many constraints were faced and occurred. This internship created
great opportunity for me attitudinal and understanding skill for the real work of an institution,
urban land distribution consists terminology. Generally, internship is necessary and best way for

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checking theoretical learned course within practical form. In general, land administration and
surveying was a system of administering, managing scarce resource in a critical and and wise
manner. As we understand the internship is mirror for showing the true and real working world,
the internship activity is a training to Solve conflict resolution to the community, site preparation
plan, land allocation system to the community, and know how investors invest different
infrastructure through lease system in general land administration and surveying is the key roles
of for deciding, managing and administration lands in Ethiopia and also it is very important for
city development in infrastructure and economic.

7.2.Recommendation
From my internship experience I recommend both for Durame city municipality office and for
our college :-

For our college :-As we see the internship is necessary so the head of the department and the
college must give great consideration for the selection of appropriate place and time to create
skilled students and it’s better to advice and give more attention on What they are doing on the
intern time as the internship is the first and new for students it’s good to attain students after
giving the internship in the office they work , and finally I recommend for our college to
consider the internship money with the current value of money.

For Durame city muncipality office . It’s better if the institution use computer based rather
than manual system ,the experts have to share works equally as much as possible ,the
organization have to organized committees that control over illegal speculation of land in the
city.An organization should have a well-developed and documented materials so I recommend
for future if the organization develop it’s document handling mode, in addition sometimes
customers file disappearance occurred so, it’s good to prepare well organized store finally I
suggest for the organization to give some work tasks for the students and to leave for them to
carry out by themselves as we are the future taker of the work.

8.References
1) Different working manuals in the office (annual report, customers file)

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2) Negarit gazeta

3) Taking written information from workers and professionals

4) Interviewing with head of organization and sectors ofOrganization (Mr.Eyob , Mr.Melese,

Human resource, and customers.

5)Online resources like Wikipedia ..

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