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Shade and Shadow

Difference between shade and shadow

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55 views

Shade and Shadow

Difference between shade and shadow

Uploaded by

reemasharfi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 90

National University

RUS 101: INTEGRATED STUDIO


Faculty Of Engineering And Architecture
Department Of Architecture
First Year
Design Studio
Lecture (6)

Presented by:
Ust. Lamia.M.Ibrahim
Contents

 INTRODACTION
 OBJECTIVE
 DEFINITION OF SHADE & SHADOW
 TYPES OF SHADE & SHADOW
 LIGHT
PENCIL SHADING TECHNIQUES
 LINE & SHAPE FROM SHADOW
 HOW TO DRAW SHADE & SHADOW
 REFERANCE
 VIDIOS
INTRODACTION

shadow: I. Comparative darkness. 1. a. Comparative


darkness, esp. that caused by interception of light; a
tract of partial darkness produced by a body
intercepting the direct rays of the sun or other
luminary.
shade: I. Comparative darkness. 1 a. Partial or
comparative darkness; absence of complete
illumination; esp. the comparative darkness caused by
a more or less opaque object intercepting the direct
rays of the sun or other luminary.
DEFINITION OF SHADE & SHADOW
Two Kinds of Shadows
There are two kinds of shadows that occur when
one light shines on an object, a cast shadow and a
form shadow.
Cast Shadow
When an object blocks a light source it casts a
shadow. A cast shadow is not a solid shape but
varies in tone and value. The farther a cast shadow
is from the object which casts it the lighter and
softer and less defined becomes its edges.
A form shadow
is the less defined dark side on an object not facing
the light source. A form shadow has softer less
defined edges than a cast shadow. Form shadows are
subtle shadows essential for creating the illusion of
volume, mass and depth. The changes in form
shadows require careful observation – quinting at the
subject to see value definition affected by figure-
ground making value relationships clearer
Light
Where does light come from?

Our major
light source:
the Sun
Where else does light come from?
Are these light sources?

moon mirror
water

These items are not light sources, instead they are


reflecting light from other sources.
light
How does light travel?
source

 Light rays travel in straight lines from the light source.


 When it hits an opaque object, some light is absorbed and
the rest reflects off.
 If the object is transparent, light rays pass through it easily.
 If the object is translucent, some light can pass through,
but the rest of the light will be reflected.
How do we see?
Light coming from, (or reflecting off)
objects enters the eye through the cornea
then the pupil.

It is focused clearly by the lens on to the


retina.

The light sensitive cells of the retina gather


information about patterns of light and
dark, colour and movement and send it
through the optic nerve.
How do we see?
Information entering the brain through
the optic nerve, is then transmitted
through more nerve pathways to the visual
cortex.

Here the patterns of light and dark, colour


and movement are interpreted.

The brain, based on past experience, can


then understand what it ‘sees’.
How do we see colour?
light
source
How does light reflect?

on
off
Angle of incidence

Angle of reflection

The ‘angle of
reflection’ is
always equal
to the ‘angel
of incidence’.
Light can only be reflected
in straight lines.

on
off
How does light form shadows?

light light
source source

 Light rays travel in straight lines, radiating out from the light
source.
 If rays are blocked by an opaque object a shadow forms where
the light cannot reach.
 If the light source is moved closer to the object, more light is
blocked and a larger shadow is formed.
How does sunlight cause shadows?
Looking North,
The position of the 12am the Sun appears
2pm 10am
Sun effects the to rise in the
position and3pm
length of East...
9am
the shadows created.
4pm 8am

7pm 6am

Thanks to this
natural phenomenon a
...and travel sundial is able to tell
across the sky us the time, as long
until it sets in the as it is a sunny day!
West.
PENCIL SHADING TECHNIQUES
When using directional shading, you can vary
the pressure on the pencil to create light and
dark tones.
Controlling it very precisely can allow you to
model smooth forms.
A more relaxed approach to lifting and re-
weighting the pencil for a fairly continuous
line is useful for creating highlights across
textures like hair or grass.
TONE
The variable values blended form the shadow edge
on the dark side. Again, the dark middle tones are
darker than any values on the light side. The
human eye can trick the brain into believing the
lightest values on the dark side are the same as the
darkest values on the light side. If the artist is
confused about lights and darks, the rendering is
less understandable.
LINE & SHAPE FROM SHADOW

Purpose: Where do lines fail in vision? What is


its implication for the function of lines in touch?
Lines and Surfaces

We see objects by means of their surfaces, and


source of illumination.

We touch objects by means of their surfaces, i.e., no


brightness information is involved.

For example, touch can often accurately discern this


line drawing as depicting a cup.
Lines, Surfaces, and Shadows
Lines copying surface edges give us surface edge
impressions (e.g., roof, hill, etc. in the image below).
surface borders

shadow border

However, lines copying shadow borders do not give us


the impression of the darkness of shadow (e.g., the
shadow on the ground; from Kennedy, 1993).
Contour, Line, and Outline
Contour = reflectance/emission change on a surface.
A line has two contours, one on each side.
Lines copying surface edges can be called ‘outlines.’
The image below shows that outlines cannot show
shadows (Kennedy, 1993).
surface borders

shadow border
penumbra
penumbra

umbra
umbra

a b
Hering (1874) might contend that for the cup’s cast
shadow in (a), shadow perception fails in (b)
because the penumbra is lost to the dark line
HOW TO DRAW SHADE & SHADOW
Shadow In Perspective Drawing
Lighting and shading
• Flat, gouraud, and phong
shading
• Empirical and physically-
based illumination models
• BRDFs

1/12/09 75
Shadows

• Shadow volumes
• Shadow maps
• Soft shadows Images courtesy of Stamminger and Drettakis 02

Umbra Penumbra

1/12/09

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