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Paper 303 Short Qyestion Answer

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13 views

Paper 303 Short Qyestion Answer

OK

Uploaded by

ggj360697
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Q1. Why the Electro-magnetic waves are called Transverse waves?

 Electromagnetic (EM) waves are called transverse waves because


the electric and magnetic fields in an EM wave are perpendicular
to each other and to the direction of the wave's propagation

Q2. Why The Radio Communication With Submarine Becomes Difficult


At
The Depth Of Several Meters ?

 Because radio waves do not travel well through good electrical


conductors like salt water, submerged submarines are cut off
from radio communication with their command authorities at
ordinary radio frequencies.

Q3. Define Half Wave Antenna

 A half-wave antenna, also known as a doublet or Hertz antenna,


is a type of dipole antenna with conductive elements that are
about half the wavelength of the operating frequency. It's the
most commonly used antenna
Q4. What do you mean by Retarded Potential ?

 retarded potentials are electromagnetic potentials that are


calculated when the charge density, current density, electric field,
and magnetic field are changing over time.
 They are called retarded potentials because the information
about a change in charge density doesn't reach a point
instantaneously. Instead, it takes time for the information to be
transmitted from one point to another.
Q5. What do you mean by long range α-particles?
 long range alpha particles are alpha particles that have a higher
energy than those produced by alpha decay. They are produced
in the rare nuclear fission process of ternary fission, where three
charged particles are produced instead of the normal two. The
smallest of the charged particles is most likely to be an alpha
particle

Q6. Why β-Decay is called the weak interaction ?

 Beta decay is called a weak interaction because it is a process that


involves the weak force, one of the four fundamental forces of
nature.

Q7. With reference of β -Decay, Define the End Point Energy.

 In beta decay, the end-point energy is the maximum kinetic


energy that a beta particle can emit. The end-point energy can be
determined by measuring two points on a gold absorption curve.

Q8. State Gamow-Teller Selection rules for the β Decay

 The Gamow-Teller selection rules for beta decay are:


 Spin: The spin of the parent nucleus can remain the same or
change by ± (Plus,Minus) 1
 Parity: There is no parity change in the nuclear state
 Radial wave functions: The number of nodes in the radial
wave functions of the initial and final states cannot be
different

Q9. Write the Selection rules for γ ray emission

 The angular momentum must be conserved during the decay.


Thus the difference in angular momentum between the initial
(excited) state and the final state is carried away by the photon
emitted. Another conserved quantity is the total parity of the
system.
Q10. Write names of any two ferromagnetic substances

 Iron & Nickel

Q11. State Coulomb Gauge Condition

 The Coulomb gauge condition is a mathematical condition that


states that the divergence of the vector potential is equal to zero,
or ∇ ⋅ A = 0. This condition is also known as the transverse gauge
because only the transverse current gives rise to the vector
potential, which behaves like a wave.

Q12. Why the Neutrino is the most difficult particle to detect ?

 Neutrinos are difficult to detect because they have no electric


charge, have almost no mass, and interact very little with other
particles

Q13. What do you mean by Isobaric Family?

 An isobaric family is a group of atoms (nuclides) that have the


same mass number but different atomic numbers
 Example : 40S, 40Cl, 40Ar, 40K, and 40Ca are all isobars because
they all contain 40 nucleons but have different numbers of
protons and neutrons.

Q14. Write the formula for gauge transformation

 f(x)=g(x)+h(x)

Q15. Write Maxwell’s Equation.

Q16. Write any two characteristics of α-particles.


 Alpha particles are highly ionising because of their double
positive charge, large mass (compared to a beta particle) and
because they are relatively slow. They can cause multiple
ionisations within a very small distance.

Q17. Give Reason for the large abundance of fe in nature.

 Iron (Fe) is abundant in nature because it's the final element


produced by stellar nucleosynthesis and it's very stable due to
its high nuclear binding energy

Q18. Define Radiation Field.

 A radiation field is a region of space that's filled with radiation,


or the space around a radiating body where its electromagnetic
oscillations can affect another body. Radiation fields can be
caused by a variety of particles, including alpha, beta, photons
gamma, and cosmic radiation.

Q19. Define Mass Defect.

 The difference between the mass of the atom and the sum of
the masses of its parts is called the mass defect (Δm).

Q20. Write the name of the terms appearing in Weizsacker semi


empirical
mass formula.

 Volume Term
 Surface Term
 Coulomb Term
 Asymmetry Term
 Pairing Term

Q21. What is Pauli’s Neutrino hupothesis ?

 Wolfgang Pauli's neutrino hypothesis, also known as the beta


decay hypothesis, states that when a nucleus splits, a neutrino
and an electron are produced simultaneously. Pauli proposed the
existence of the neutrino in 1930 to explain how beta decay
could conserve energy, momentum, and angular momentum.

Q22. Define tunneling or barrier penetration.

 Tunneling, also known as barrier penetration, is a quantum


mechanical phenomenon that occurs when a particle passes
through a potential energy barrier that it shouldn't be able to
pass through based on classical mechanics. This is because the
particle doesn't have enough energy to pass over the barrier.

Q23. 1 AMU(Atomic Mass Unit) = ________

 931.5MeV
23. The Multiple Order of a Transition in γ-decay is
 2L

24. The Energy per unit time per unit area, transported by the field is
called _____________

 Poynting Vector

Q25 Give the definition of Poynting Vector


Q26 With Reference to conductor define relaxation time.
Q27 Sketch the radiation produced by charged particle moving with
colinear velocity and acceleration (beta=0.2)
Q28 Define Radiation Zone
Q29 What are Mirror Nuclei ?
Q30 Why the ratio Z2/A is called fission Parameter
Q31 Define Symmetric fission
Q32 Write formula for skin depth
Q33 On which factor Lienard-Wiechert potential depend on ?
Q34 What do you mean by radiation resistance ?
Q35 What is Alpha Particle ?
Q36 Complete the equation : 37CL17 37
A18 + ________ + _________
Q37 Write Selection rules for γ-ray emission.
Q38 What do you mean by Radiation resistance ?
Q39 Write down Hertz relation for an Oscillating dipole.
Q40 What is Skin Death ?
Q41 What is Skin Effect ?
Q42 Define Mirror Nuclie

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