BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│i

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF A PROPOSED FOUR-STOREY

HIGH SCHOOL BUILDING AT TUDING,

ITOGON BENGUET

A Research Paper Presented to The Faculty of

The College of Engineering Department

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY

Baguio City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

The Degree of Bachelor of Science

In Civil Engineering

DENZEL P. BUCAWIT

HEZRON B. MARZAN

JARIC C. NAGAYOS

JUNIEL B. AGWIKING

RAINEL A. CHOMAWAT

ROMEO JR. S. FERNANDEZ

S.Y. 2023-2024
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ii

APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitled, “STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF A

PROPOSED FOUR-STORY HIGH SCHOOL BUILDING AT TUDING, ITOGON

BENGUET”, prepared and submitted by DENZEL P. BUCAWIT, HEZRON B.

MARZAN, JARIC C. NAGAYOS, JUNIEL B. AGWIKING, RAINEL A. CHOMAWAT,

ROMEO JR. S. FERNANDEZ, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

degree, BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING (CE Project- Research

1 and 2), has been examined and is hereby recommended for acceptance and

approval for the final oral defense.

ENGR. ONOFRE F. RILLERA, MSCE

Adviser

Acceptance and approved by the CE PROJECT RESEARCH COMMITTEE

with the grade of on .

ENGR. ONOFRE F. RILLERA, MSCE

Chairman

ENGR. CRISELDA S. FELIX, PhD ENGR. CHARLIE M. FELIX, MPA

Member Member

NOTED:

ENGR. ONOFRE F. RILLERA, MSCE

Dean, College of Engineering
Date:
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│iii

ABSTRACT

Name of Institution: BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY

Adress: #18 Bonifacio Street, Baguio City
Title: “STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF A

PROPOSED FOUR-STOREY HIGH SCHOOL

BUILDING AT TUDING, ITOGON BENGUET

Researchers: DENZEL P. BUCAWIT

HEZRON B. MARZAN

JARIC C. NAGAYOS

JUNIEL B. AGWIKING

RAINEL A. CHOMAWAT

ROMEO JR. S. FERNANDEZ

Adviser: ENGR. ONOFRE F. RILLERA, MSCE

This research presents a comprehensive structural analysis and design of

a proposed four-storey high school building. This abstract also explores the

critical issue of school infrastructure and its impact on educational outcomes

worldwide. Empirical studies underscore the significant influence of school

infrastructure on learning outcomes, emphasizing the challenges posed by

overcrowded and insufficient classrooms, particularly acute in developing

nations due to rapid population growth. Research highlights specific cases, such
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│iv

as Southeast London and the Philippines, where overcrowding affects

educational quality and student learning. The study advocates for constructing

new school building as the primary solution to alleviate overcrowding, citing

evidence that adequate school infrastructure enhances academic achievement.

This research contributes insights to the field of structural engineering in the

context of educational infrastructure. Moreover, the abstract discusses a

proposed 4-story high school building design in Alejo M. Pacalso Memorial

National High School, emphasizing the importance of quality school

infrastructure in creating a conducive learning environment.

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers gratefully acknowledge the support and contributions

given to them in any manner by those which made this research possible:

Madame Margarita Cecilda B. Rillera, MBA, President of the Baguio

Central University, for accommodating the researchers in the school and

providing necessary facilities to the students in conducting their research.

Engr. Onofre F. Rillera, MSCE for his continuous support to the students

in their research, for his patience and sharing his knowledge that helped us to

better understand our research.

To the members of the Panel of Examiners, Engr. Criselda S. Felix, and

Engr. Charlie M. Felix for their assistance in providing data, insightful comments

and suggestions crucial for the best outcome of this research.

The school Librarians for assisting researchers in acquiring research

references needed in their study and providing a peaceful place for the students

to conduct their research.

D.P.B

H.B.M

J.C.N

J.B.A

R.A.C

R.S.F
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│vi

DEDICATION
SHI "PARENTS" TAN AAGI MIN ENSEMESEMEK MIN SHILI, IPASNEK MI HAJAY
RESEARCH MI SON SIKAJU JA ENDIGDIGATAN MI SALAMAT TEP WARA
KAJUN NENGI TUTUSHU TAN ENATNGI SON SIKAMI, TAN SALAMAT SON APO
CHIYOS JA NENGIKAN NI KEDSANG MI NI ULAY. SALAMAT NI EMIN.

Denzel Bucawit (Batang BCU:)

This research is devoted to my loved ones and friends. A particular sense

of thanks goes out to my devoted parents, whose words of support and
determination still echo in my head. My compass has been your unwavering love,
support, and sacrifices. This piece is an ode to your unwavering dedication and
the virtues of inquiry, tenacity, and compassion that you bestowed to me. I
appreciate you being my unwavering source of support and for motivating me to
continue my education. To my friends: I am happy and feel that my life has
meaning because of your companionship, support, and camaraderie. Your
confidence in my skills and our mutual love of learning have made every obstacle
easier to overcome and every accomplishment more satisfying. Our common
experiences and the ties that have gotten stronger between us are reflected in
this research. I also dedicate this research to my siblings, who have always
provided me with inspiration and motivation through their presence,
encouragement, and companionship.
Jaric C. Nagayos

In recognition of the countless hours, dedication, and unwavering

commitment poured into this research journey, I dedicate this output to all those
who gave us their support. Your encouragement, guidance, and belief in our
abilities were invaluable. Through your guidance, we were able to cross through
obstacles, turning setbacks into stepping stones towards success. We shall
celebrate this milestone knowing that our efforts have not only advanced our
knowledge but have also strengthened bonds and fostered growth.

Rainel C.
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│vii

Table of Contents
Title Page ......................................................................................................... i
Approval Sheet ................................................................................................ ii
Abstract ......................................................................................................... iii
Acknowledgment ........................................................................................... iv
Dedication ...................................................................................................... v
Table of Contents ........................................................................................... vi

I. Chapter 1
The Problem and it’s Background
Background of the Study .............................................................. 1

Theoretical & Conceptual Framework ........................................... 4

Paradigm of The Study ................................................................. 5

Review of Related Literature & Studies ......................................... 6
Significance of The Study ............................................................. 8
Scope & Delimitation .................................................................... 9
Definition of Terms ..................................................................... 10
Statement of The Problem .......................................................... 12
Assumption ................................................................................ 13

II. Chapter 2
Research Design & Methodology
Research Design......................................................................... 15
Local & Population of The Study ................................................. 15
Data Gathering Instrument ........................................................ 15
Data Gathering Procedure .......................................................... 16
Enrollment Summary ................................................................. 17
Treatment of Data ..................................................................... 19
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│viii

Ethical Considerations ............................................................... 19

References.................................................................................. 20
Architectural Plans
a. Proposed Site Development Plan ................................... 23
b. Vicinity Map ................................................................. 24
c. Floor Plans ................................................................... 25
d. Elevation ...................................................................... 30
e. Building Perspective ..................................................... 34
f. Foundation Plan........................................................... 35
g. Framing Plan ............................................................... 36

III. Chapter 3
Presentation, Analysis & Interpretation of Data
Preliminary Sizing ...................................................................... 40
a. Preliminary Sizing of Slab .............................................. 43
b. Preliminary Sizing of Beam ............................................ 44
c. Preliminary Sizing of Column ........................................ 60

Seismic Analysis ........................................................................ 86

Earthquake Analysis ................................................................ 101

Shear & Moment

a. Computations ............................................................. 112
b. Shear & Moment Longitudinal Diagrams ..................... 135
c. Shear & Moment Transverse Diagrams ........................ 143
d. Shear & Moment Table ................................................ 147
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ix

Slab Design
a. Roof Deck Slab Design ................................................ 154
1. Slab 1 ..................................................................... 157
2. Slab 2 ..................................................................... 165
3. Slab 3 ..................................................................... 173
4. Slab 4 ..................................................................... 182
b. 4th to 2nd Floor Slab Design ......................................... 192
1. Slab 1 ..................................................................... 196
2. Slab 2 ..................................................................... 203
3. Slab 3 ..................................................................... 211
4. Slab 4 ..................................................................... 219
c. Slab Layout ................................................................. 228
d. Slab Schedule ............................................................. 229

Beam Design ............................................................................ 230

a. Roof Deck Long Section .............................................. 234
b. Roof Deck Short Section ............................................. 270
c. 4th to 2nd Floor Long Section ....................................... 300
d. 4th to 2nd Floor Short Section ...................................... 337
e. Beam Stirrups ............................................................ 367
f. Beam Schedule .......................................................... 384
g. Beam Details .............................................................. 385
h. Beam Layout .............................................................. 386

Column Design
a. External Column Design.............................................. 387
1. Column 1 ............................................................... 388
2. Column 2 ............................................................... 399
3. Column 3 & 4 ......................................................... 405
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│x

4. Detailed Elevation of Column .................................. 415

5. Schedule of External Column.................................. 416
b. Internal Column Design .............................................. 417
1. Column 3&4 ........................................................... 418
2. Column 5 ............................................................... 430
3. Detailed Elevation of Column .................................. 441
4. Schedule of Internal Column .................................. 442

Footing Design ......................................................................... 443

a. Geotechnical Investigation Report............................... 443
b. Footing I..................................................................... 451
c. Footing II ................................................................... 458
d. Footing III .................................................................. 463
e. Combined Footing I .................................................... 467

Stair Design ............................................................................. 467

a. Detailed Elevation of Stairway .................................... 471
b. Detailed Section of Stairway ....................................... 472
c. Building Skeletal Frame ............................................. 473

Estimates ................................................................................. 441

a. Slab Rebars................................................................ 441
b. Column Rebars .......................................................... 478
c. Beam Rebars .............................................................. 481
d. Footing Rebars ........................................................... 488
e. Volume of Concrete
1. Beam..................................................................... 489
2. Slab....................................................................... 491
3. Column ................................................................. 491
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│xi

4. Footing .................................................................. 492

5. Stairs .................................................................... 492
f. Concrete Hollow Block................................................ 492
g. Earthworks ................................................................ 495
h. Formworks & scaffolding ............................................ 496
i. Doors and windows .................................................... 499
j. Bill of Quantities ..............................................................
k. Project Timeline................................................................
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│xii

List of Figures
Figure No. Title Page
1 Paradigm of the Study ............................................... 5
2 Enrollment Summary .............................................. 17
3 Project Site Location ................................................ 18
4 Proposed Site Development ...................................... 18
5 Vicinity Map ............................................................ 24
6 Floor Plans ......................................................... 25-29
7 Elevation Plans ................................................... 30-33
8 Building Perspective ................................................ 34
9 Foundation Plan ...................................................... 35
10 Framing Plans .................................................... 36-39
11 Roof Deck Tributary Area Plan ................................. 41
12 4th to 2nd Floor Tributary Area Plan ....................... 42
13 Critical Section of Beam ......................................... 43
14 Section for Tributary Area of C5............................... 64
15 Section for Tributary Area of C4............................... 67
16 Section for Tributary Area of C3............................... 71
17 Section for Tributary Area of C2............................... 75
18 Section for Tributary Area of C1............................... 79
19 Frame Forces @Long Section ................................... 99
20 Frame Forces @Short Section ................................ 100
21 Moment Forces @Long Section ............................... 104
22 Shear Forces @Long Section .................................. 106
23 Moment Forces @Short Section.............................. 109
24 Shear Forces @Short Section ................................ 111
25 Moment Diagrams @Long Section ................... 135-138
26 Shear Diagrams @Long Section ...................... 139-142
27 Moment Diagrams @Short Section .................. 143-144
28 Shear Diagrams @Short Section ..................... 145-146
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│xiii

29 Typical Slab @mid Cross-section............................ 158

30 Slab 1 Cross-section .............................................. 159
31 Slab 2 Cross-section ............................................. 163
32 Slab 3 Cross-section ............................................. 175
33 Slab 4 Cross-section ............................................. 183
34 Typical Slab Layout along long span ...................... 228
35 Continuous Beams ................................................ 232
36 Critical Section for Shear ....................................... 367
37 Vu Diagram ........................................................... 369
38 Typical Beam Details ............................................. 385
39 Typical Beam Layout ............................................. 386
40 External C1 Cross-section ..................................... 396
41 Typical Column Lateral Ties Spacing ..................... 398
42 External C2 Cross-section ..................................... 405
43 External C3&4 Cross-section ................................ 413
44 Detailed Elevation of External Columns ................. 415
45 Internal C3&4 Cross-section @RD ......................... 412
46 Internal C3&4 Cross-section @3rd flr ...................... 429
47 Internal C5 Cross-section @4th flr .......................... 433
48 Internal C5 Cross-section @3rd flr ........................ 439
49 Detailed Elevation of Internal Columns .................. 441
50 Footing I Design details ......................................... 457
51 Footing II Design details ....................................... 462
52 Footing III Design details ...................................... 466
53 Combined Footing I Shear & Moment .................... 469
54 Combined Footing I Design detail .......................... 475
55 Detailed Elevation of Stairway ............................... 480
56 Detailed Section of Stairway .................................. 481
56 Building Skeletal Frame ........................................ 482
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│xiv

List of Tables
Table No. Title Page
1 Minimum Thickness of Non-Prestressed Two-Way Slabs with
Beams Spanning between Supports on All Sides
............................................................................... 44
2 TABLE 409.3.1.1MINIMUM DEPTH OF NON-PRESTRESSED
BEAMS ..................................................................... 44
3 Dead Loads & Live Loads ......................................... 62
4 Preliminary Sizing of Column Summary ................... 82
5 Beam & Column Loads ............................................ 83
6 Total Seismic Loads ................................................. 89
7 Table 208-7, Seismic Coefficient, Ca ....................... 90
8 Table 208-8, Seismic Coefficient, Cv ....................... 90
9 Vertical Distribution of Base Shear ......................... 91
10 Horizontal Distribution of Base Shear ...................... 92

11 Frame Forces........................................................... 96
12 Column Moments .................................................. 103
13 Girder Shears ........................................................ 105
14 Shear & Moment Table Long Span .................. 147-152
15 Shear & Moment Table Short Span ................ 153-155
16 Table 419.2.1.1 Limits for f’c ................................. 157
17 Table 420.6.1.3.1 Specified Concrete Cover for Cast in
place Non prestressed concrete members .............. 158
18 Table 408.10.5.1 Portion of Interior Negative Mu in
Column Strip ......................................................... 160
19 Slab Design @Roof Deck Summary ........................ 191
22 Schedule of Slab .................................................... 229
22 TABLE 420.6.1.3.1 Specified Concrete Cover for Cast-in-
Place Non-Prestressed Concrete Members .................. 230
23 Beam Stirrups Summary ....................................... 371
24 Beam Schedule...................................................... 384
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│xv

25 External Columns Summary.................................. 414

26 Schedule of External Column ................................ 416
27 Internal Column Summary .................................... 440
28 Schedule of External Column ................................ 442
29 SECTION 305 – 1 (Minimum Requirements for Foundation)
............................................................................. 449
30 Table 420.6.1.3.1Specified Concrete Cover for Cast in Place
Non-Prestressed Concrete Members ......................... 449
31 Table 421.2.1 Strength Reduction Factor .................... 449
32 Table 425.4.2.4 Modification Factor for Development of
Deformed Bars and Deformed Wires in Tension ........... 450
33 Table 407.3.1.1 Minimum Thickness of Solid Non-
Prestressed One way Slabs .................................... 447
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│xvi

List of Appendices
Appendix A
Architectural Plan ................................................................................ 23
Proposed Site Development Plan ................................................. 23
Vicinity Map ............................................................................... 22
Ground Floor Plan ...................................................................... 25
2nd Floor Plan ............................................................................. 26
3rd Floor Plan ............................................................................. 27
4th Floor Plan ............................................................................. 28
Roof Deck Plan ........................................................................... 29
Front Elevation .......................................................................... 30
Right Side Elevation .................................................................. 31
Left Side Elevation ..................................................................... 32
Rear Side Elevation ................................................................... 33
Building Perspective ................................................................... 34
Foundation Plan ......................................................................... 35
Second Floor Framing Plan......................................................... 36
Third Floor Framing Plan .......................................................... 37
Fourth Floor Framing Plan ........................................................ 38
Roof Deck Framing Plan ............................................................ 39

Appendix B
Preliminary Sizing................................................................................ 40
Tributary Plan ....................................................................... 41-42
Preliminary Sizing of Slab ........................................................... 43
Preliminary Sizing of Beam-6...................................................... 45
Preliminary Sizing of Beam-5...................................................... 48
Preliminary Sizing of Beam-4...................................................... 51
Preliminary Sizing of Beam-3...................................................... 53
Preliminary Sizing of Beam-2...................................................... 56
Preliminary Sizing of Beam-1...................................................... 59
Preliminary Sizing of C-4 ............................................................ 67
Preliminary Sizing of C-3 ............................................................ 71
Preliminary Sizing of C-2 ............................................................ 75
Preliminary Sizing of C-1 ............................................................ 79
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│xvii

Appendix C
Seismic Analysis ............................................................................... 86
Dead Loads ................................................................................ 86
Static Procedure ......................................................................... 90
Horizontal Distribution of Base Shear......................................... 92
Frame Forces ............................................................................. 97
Appendix D
Earthquake (portal method) .............................................................. 101
Column Shears ........................................................................ 102
Column Moments ..................................................................... 103
Girder Shears ........................................................................... 110
Appendix E
Slab Design ....................................................................................... 156
Roof Deck Slab ......................................................................... 156
Slab 1 ...................................................................................... 159
Slab 2 ...................................................................................... 167
Slab 3 ...................................................................................... 175
Slab 4 ...................................................................................... 183
Fourth to Second Floor Slab ..................................................... 192
Slab 1 ...................................................................................... 196
Slab 2 ...................................................................................... 203
Slab 3 ...................................................................................... 212
Slab 4 ...................................................................................... 220
Typical Slab Cross Section ....................................................... 228
Schedule of Slab....................................................................... 229
Appendix F
Beam Design ..................................................................................... 230
Longitudinal Section @Roof Deck ............................................. 234
Transverse Section @Roof Deck ................................................ 270
Longitudinal Section @4th to 2nd Floor ...................................... 301
Transverse Section @4th to 2nd Floor ........................................ 337
Beam Stirrup Spacing .............................................................. 367
Beam Schedule ........................................................................ 384
Appendix G
Column Design .................................................................................. 387
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│xviii

External Column ...................................................................... 387

Column1 .................................................................................. 388
Column2 .................................................................................. 399
Column3&4.............................................................................. 405
Column4 .................................................................................. 384
Schedule of External Column ................................................... 416
Internal Column ....................................................................... 417
Column 3&4............................................................................. 418
Column 5 ................................................................................. 430
Schedule of Internal Column .................................................... 422
Appendix H
Footing Design................................................................................... 443
Soil Investigation Report ........................................................... 443
Footing I................................................................................... 451
Footing II.................................................................................. 458
Footing III ................................................................................ 463
Combined Footing I .................................................................. 467
Appendix J
Design of Concrete Stairway .............................................................. 476
Detailed Elevation of Stairway .................................................. 480
Detailed Section of Stairway ..................................................... 481
Appendix K
Estimate ............................................................................................ 483
Curriculum Vitae ............................................................................... 520
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│1

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND IT’S BACKGROUND

Background of the Study

School buildings provide access to education, which enables individuals

to overcome poverty, pursue personal goals, and contribute to society. Moreover,

numerous empirical studies confirm that school infrastructure influences

learning outcomes (Navarro, 2022). Overcrowded, and insufficient classrooms

have become increasingly common problems in many schools around the world.

These problems are particularly severe in developing nations and in

underdeveloped areas, but they continue to be a major problem in wealthy

countries as well. Rapid population growth is one of the most critical factors

contributing to the classroom shortage crisis. The increasing number of school-

age children has put pressure on education systems to expand their capacity to

accommodate more students. This situation is particularly acute in developing

countries, where population growth is often higher than in developed nations

(Bongaarts, 2009).

In the United Kingdom primarily in Southeast London, there are dozens of

full or overcrowded primary and secondary schools, new research shows about

7 percent of schools exceeded their capacity by 10 or more students. Across

England, 17 percent of primary schools were full or over capacity while 23

percent of secondary schools, were at or above capacity (Tutty, 2023). According

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│2

to new UNESCO data, developing countries such as India, Nigeria, Indonesia,

and Sub-Saharan African nations experience overcrowded schools due to a lack

of school infrastructure, rapid population growth, and lack of teachers.

Overcrowded classrooms in the Philippines have a negative impact on

students’ learning. Almost four million students (about 18 percent of the student

population) attend congested public schools. In urban areas, some classes hold

as many as 100 students—well beyond the Department of Education’s (DepEd)

prescribed 45 students per class. In those schools, students compete for space

inside and outside the classroom (Pablo, 2017). DepEd’s standard classroom-to-

student ratios are one classroom for every 35 students for primary school, and

one classroom for every 40 students for junior and senior high school. Based on

these parameters, at least 50% of all 7,520 existing senior high school

classrooms are congested, while 41% of all 10,188 junior high school classrooms

are overcrowded. Citing data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and

Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics the Philippines

registered an average high school class size of 56.1, higher than Malaysia’s 34,

Thailand’s 41.5, Japan’s 33.9 and India’s 39.

This research shows that with respect to classrooms, spatial inequality in

the classroom-student ratio exists and must be addressed. Spatial inequality is

evident given the congested classrooms in some administrative regions.

Moreover, additional classrooms are needed given that school buildings in

certain remote areas do not meet quality and safety standards, and enrolment is
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│3

increasing each school year (Navarro, 2023). The design and construction

practices of educational institutions vary depending on the local context, culture,

and norms. Urban areas often present unique challenges and opportunities for

building design, necessitating careful consideration of space constraints,

architectural aesthetics, structural integrity, and community engagement

(Jones, 2017).

“The only appropriate solution to school overcrowding is to construct new

schools”. This study as well as other pieces of literature, including a study

conducted by Jones and Zimmer in 2000, take into account the costs associated

with alleviating overcrowding. Jones and Zimmer delve into the effects of capital

spending on student academic achievement in Michigan schools and find that

spending on capital (school buildings, athletic facilities, etc.) positively affects

student academic achievement (Jones and Zimmer 2000, 585).

This research project focuses on the conceptualization and structural

design of a proposed 4-story high school building in a densely populated

environment to be constructed at Alejo M. Pacalso Memorial National High

School. Additionally, school infrastructure supports the educational processes

by providing clean air, good light, and a comfortable and safe environment

(Cotton, 2001).

Over the past five academic years, Alejo M. Pacalso Memorial National High

School in Itogon Benguet has experienced a consistent increase in student

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│4

enrollment. This growth can be attributed to enhancements in the delivery of

learning, as evidenced by the rise in enrolled students from 908 in S.Y. 2018-

2019 to 1915 students in S.Y. 2023-2024. This constant increase in the student

population may cause insufficient classrooms for the school in the upcoming

years but with the said high school’s land availability, the construction of a

standard four-story high school building is possible to construct.

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

The theoretical framework of a study provides a structured approach to

studying key concepts and ensures that research is derived from existing theory

and knowledge.

Structural Mechanics: Structural mechanics is the foundational theory in

structural design research. It involves the study of how forces and loads act on

structures and how materials respond to these forces. The theory includes

concepts like equilibrium, stress, strain, and deformation.

Structural design: The use of principles of physics and engineering to determine

how various components, such as beams, columns, and foundations, will

interact and distribute loads effectively, ultimately ensuring the integrity and

safety of the structure.

Environmental management: Refers to the systematic process of planning,

implementing, and monitoring activities and practices within engineering

projects and processes to minimize their impact on the environment and promote

sustainability.
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│5

Architectural design: Architectural design is the creative and technical process

of planning, designing, and creating buildings and other physical structures.

Paradigm of the Study

The paradigm of the study shows the study's step-by-step progression

from the Input, Process, and Output as shown in the figure below.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Structural Analysis Structurally

• Descriptive
and Design of a research design Designed Four-
• Data Gathering Story High School
Proposed Four-
• Statistical
Storey High School Building at Tuding,
treatment of data
Building at Tuding, • Analysis and Itogon Benguet.

interpretation of
Itogon Benguet
data

Figure 1. Paradigm of the Study

The input of this Project Research is the Structural Analysis and Design

of a Proposed Four-Story High School Building at Tuding, Itogon Benguet.

The process incorporates the research methodology, descriptive research

design, data gathering, statistical treatment of data, and the analysis and

interpretation of data.

The output will be the finished Structurally Designed four-year school

Building at Tuding, Itogon Benguet.

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│6

Review of Related Literature and Studies

The review of related literature in a research paper serves several

important purposes. It provides context, justifies the research, identifies gaps in

existing knowledge, and helps the researcher build a theoretical framework. It

helps establish the rationale for the study and guides the development of

research questions and hypotheses.

Picta (2019), With the increasing population, the number of school-aged

children is expanding far faster than the number of schools as the population

grows. The demise of decent institutions, along with the avarice of school

officials, has resulted in overcrowding in classrooms. Many parents are

concerned about their children attending schools where they are forced to sit in

classes with little space for seats or tables.

Navarro (2022), The study shows that with respect to classrooms, there

has been progress in decongesting schools, but spatial inequality in the

classroom-student ratio exists and must be addressed. Spatial inequality is

evident given the congested classrooms in some administrative regions.

Moreover, additional classrooms are needed given that school buildings in

certain remote areas do not meet quality and safety standards, enrolment is

increasing, and existing classrooms deteriorate due to wear and tear and

calamities.

National Research Council (2007), increasing awareness of the impact of

our learning surroundings on individuals indicates that a school building serves

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│7

as a crucial instrument for both learning and teaching. Just like any tool, it has

the potential to either improve or impede the educational process.

Lawson Reed Wulsin Jr. (2013) states that classrooms should be profound

places of revelation and discovery. Well-designed space has the ability to elevate

discourse, encourage creativity, and promote collaboration. Connecting indoor

learning space to the natural world through daylight, views, and finishes has

proven to improve student performance.

Diaz-Vicario (2017), Schools must prioritize the safety and well-being of

students, teachers, and staff. To truly understand the importance of "safety," it

should encompass a wide range of factors related to overall well-being. Schools

and educational institutions commonly face the task of effectively ensuring

safety, not just to prevent physical accidents and incidents but also to foster an

environment that nurtures the physical, emotional, and social well-being of

individuals and the entire community.

To meet the diverse spatial needs of teachers and students, classrooms

should be effective in multiple configurations. The campus inventory of

classroom spaces should include a range of room sizes with different physical

characteristics: large lecture halls, medium-sized case study rooms, medium-

sized flat floored flexible rooms, and small seminar rooms (Neill and Etheridge,

2008).
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│8

Significance of the Study

The significance of this study lies in its potential to address insufficient

municipal education infrastructures through structural design. This is for the

purpose of providing the needed classrooms to give students better learning

environments and improve the quality of education at the school.

This research benefits the following:

Students- A pleasant school environment provides comfort for students while

in less crowded classrooms which can give them a better learning experience

and increase their academic performance.

Teachers- Better classrooms can increase the teacher’s teaching effectiveness

and a good classroom environment can boost teachers’ morale and

motivation to teach.

School- Adding school infrastructure provides several advantages to the

school itself, enhancing its capacity to provide quality education and support

the needs of students and teachers.

Community- Schools often become centers of community identity and pride.

When infrastructure is improved, it can boost community unity and pride,

fostering a sense of unity among residents. Improved school infrastructure

enhances the overall image and reputation of the municipality. This can make

the community more attractive to potential residents and investors.

Researchers- Aside from having a grade, conducting research on school

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│9

infrastructure provides researchers with an opportunity to develop and refine

their research skills, including data collection, analysis, and understanding

standard specifications and structural design. This experience can enhance

their research skill and advance their careers.

Scope & Delimitation

This study primarily revolves around the structural design and

assessment of a 4-story high school building situated in Alejo M. Pacalso

Memorial National High School, Itogon Benguet. The suggested context aims to

showcase suitable design methods for constructing a high school building in

accordance with the Commission on Higher Education provisions and

specifications, while also considering the site’s geological conditions. It is

imperative to investigate the soil composition and the characteristics of the

proposed location. Such investigations are vital for assessing the possibility of

the project and garnering community support for the proposal.

The research explores the analysis of the chosen site, taking into

consideration factors such as spatial limitations on the allocation of space for

classrooms, comfort rooms, or other facilities, site accessibility, and proximity to

existing infrastructures. Additionally, innovative structural systems and

choosing proper construction materials, designed to meet the demands of

appropriate construction while ensuring safety and cost-effectiveness, are also

examined. These factors can have a significant impact on the quality of education
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│10

and life of students and teachers. The proposed arrangement of floors and the

number of rooms will undergo an evaluation to ensure compliance with the

National Building Code of the Philippines (P.D. No. 1096). Furthermore, the

project will generate estimates for structural components that meet the proper

strength standards outlined in the National Structural Code of the Philippines

(2015) and the standard design plans of CHED for a high school building.

However, certain delimitations are important to acknowledge. Firstly, the

author is limited to the construction, management, and material selection for

structural purposes only. The research does not cover electrical engineering, air-

conditioning systems, or mechanical engineering. Additionally, while cost

considerations are integrated into structural design, an exhaustive financial

analysis, is beyond the study’s scope. The research’s main focus is on the

structural design of the four-story high school building taking into account the

number of classrooms, ventilations, restrooms, and other needed facilities.

Definition of Terms

1. Structural Design- the process of planning, analyzing, and designing the

framework and support systems that ensure the stability, safety, and

functionality of structures which involves scientific and engineering

principles.
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│11

2. Construction principles- the essential guidelines and practices that

guide the systematic planning, design, and execution of construction

projects, encompassing considerations related to safety, quality, cost-

effectiveness, and adherence to regulatory requirements.

3. Architectural design- the general process of conceptualizing, visualizing,

and detailing the physical form, layout, and aesthetics of buildings and

structures, considering both artistic and functional aspects.

4. The National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP, 2015) - Is the

main design guideline in the nation. Since its first edition in 1972, it has

provided civil and structural engineers with guidance on the design and

evaluation of buildings and other structures.

5. Yield strength- The yield strength is defined as the amount of stress or

load that a material can withstand before it begins to exhibit plastic

deformation. The yield strength is a critical parameter in material

selection and structural design because it helps engineers determine the

safety margin for a component or structure.

6. Compressive strength of Concrete- concrete compressive strength is a

critical property used in engineering to assess the ability of concrete to

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│12

withstand compression loads. It plays a crucial role in the design and

evaluation of concrete structures to ensure their safety and durability.

7. Bearing capacity of soil- refers to the maximum load that the soil

beneath a foundation or structure can support without undergoing

excessive settlement, shear failure, or other undesirable deformation.

Statement of the Problem

The study focuses on the structural design of a high school building which

presents problems and questions encountered by researchers.

Specifically, it will seek to answer the following questions:

1. What is the appropriate dimension and number of classrooms needed to

achieve a better classroom-student ratio in the proposed four-story high

school building?

2. What is the minimum lot area that can be used to accommodate the

necessary number of classrooms in the proposed four-story high school

building?

3. What are the proper structural materials needed in the construction of the

proposed project?
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│13

4. What are the different standard specifications needed for the structural

design specific to school buildings?

5. What are the problems encountered in the construction of the proposed

four-story high school building?

Assumptions

1. The classroom size of the proposed four-story school building is 7m x 9m

where the classroom-to-student ratio is at least 1:45 with a maximum of

65 students. The estimated number of classrooms in the proposed project

is at least 13 classrooms.

2. The given lot area of the proposed four-story school building is 500 square

meters.

3. The choice of construction materials for the proposed four-story high

school building can significantly impact the building's lifespan and

sustainability. The main construction materials used are Portland cement,

reinforcement bars, concrete hollow blocks, scaffolding, frames, and

aggregates (sand and gravel).

4. For school buildings, the roofing and walls shall be designed to withstand

a minimum basic wind speed (as defined in Sec. 207 of the NSCP) of 250
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│14

kilometers per hour. A wind importance factor of 1.15 based on NSCP shall

be used. The structure shall be designed to withstand earthquakes for

Seismic Zone 4 with a corresponding Seismic Zone Factor of 0.4. A Seismic

Importance Factor of 1.5 shall be used. The minimum occupancy or live

loads shall be used in the design,

5. Some problems encountered in the construction of the proposed four-story

high school building are delays in time schedule, accidents, design faults,

weather and environmental factors, project management failure,

budgetary challenges, and quality control.

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│15

Chapter 2

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research design, data gathering procedure, the

research locale and population of the study, and the statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

This study employed a descriptive design. The researchers formed an

assumption and then used deductive reasoning by predicting how the data

should look if the assumption is true, after collecting the data and analyzing it

to confirm or reject the assumption.

Local and Population of the Study

There are no respondents to the study because this research focuses on

the structural design of the proposed four-story high school building at Tuding,

Itogon Benguet.

Data Gathering Instrument

The data-gathering instruments used by the researchers for the study of

the proposed project are the use of existing or published research papers, related

literature, government documents, and records. Design parameters and codes

were taken from the Philippines' National Structural Code 2015, National

Building Code of the Philippines, and Dep-Ed Facilities Manual 2013 and CHED

specifications. The researchers interviewed the principal regarding the land

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│16

availability of the school for the proposed four-story high school building which

turns out to be 500 square meters. A Soil Investigation Report at Alejo M. Pacalso

Memorial National High School was conducted by JV Lacambra Development

Corporation in which according to their findings a Net Allowable Soil Bearing

Capacity of One Hundred Forty-Four (144) Kpa should be used for structures to

be erected at the said site. The gathered data are based on what information we

need and it is aligned with our research objective.

Data Gathering Procedure

In preparation for the structural design of the proposed four-story high

school building at Tuding, Itogon Benguet, the researchers have collected data

from multiple sources which they need in the design process. First is collecting

data such as their enrollment data from the past five school years, school’s lot

area which came directly from the school. We also gathered data on the

population census of Itogon to prove whether there is a population increase in

the place.

Second, we gathered data for the specifications and structural standards

to be used in the structural design of the proposed project. Some of the data we

acquired are classroom dimensions, design specifications, and the minimum lot

area required for this kind of project. Other data collected came from the National

Structural Code of the Philippines and the Building Code of the Philippines. After

acquiring and analyzing the documents and data gathered, the school building's
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│17

analysis and design will be drafted and finalized using engineering software such

as AutoCAD and other computer software.

ENROLLMENT SUMMARY:

Alejo M. Pacalso Memorial National High School

1915
2000 1845

1800
Total Number of Students

1600 1443
920
1400 898

1200
1031
759
908 FEMALE
1000
MALE
800 533
484
600

400 947 995

684
424 498
200

0 0
2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2022 2022-2023 2023-2024

School Year

Figure 2.
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│18

Figure 3.

Figure 4.
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│19

Treatment of Data
The researchers make use of manual computations in the structural

design of the proposed four-story high school building at Tuding, Itogon Benguet.

The National Structural Code of The Philippines (NSCP 2015) is used as a

specification guidance in the computation and structural design of the proposed

project. Structures to be erected must lay the foundations to a level of Two and

One half (2.5) meters depth from the natural grade line using a Net allowable

Soil Bearing Capacity of 144 Kpa.

The NSCP (2015) provides the load requirements, seismic and wind

factors, allowable values, provisions, and other data necessary for the proper

design calculations of the proposed project.

Ethical Considerations

In conducting the study, researchers undertook the following actions to

ensure ethical considerations were followed. The researchers made sure to

provide proper citations and references to the statements provided in the study

to give credit to the original authors and sources and to avoid plagiarism. The

obtained data and documents are for research purposes only and will be kept

confidential.
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│20

REFERENCES

Barrett, P., Treves, A., Shmis, T., & Ambasz, D. (2019). The impact of school
Infrastructure on learning: A synthesis of the evidence. World Bank
Publications.
Bongaarts, J. (2009). Human population growth and demographic transition.
Buckley, J., Schneider, M., and Shang, Y. (2004). The effects of school facility
quality on teacher retention in urban school district. National clearinghouse
for educational facilities. Washington DC. Retrieved January 5, 2020
Cotton, T. (2001). The Walls Speak: the interplay of quality facilities, school
climate, and student achievement. Journal of Educational
Administration, 46 (1), 55-73. http://dx.doi.org/1
0.1108/09578230810849817
Department of Education (2019). Prioritizing the development of the last mile
schools in 2020-2021: reaching out and closing the gap (DM No.059, s.
2019). Retrieved January 20, 2020 from: https://www.deped.gov.ph.
Díaz-Vicario, A., & Gairín Sallán, J. (2017). A comprehensive approach to
managing school safety: Case studies in Catalonia, Spain. Educational
Research, 59(1), 89–106.
Geronimo, J. (2017), How DepEd plans to address PH classroom shortage (2017,
June 10), rappler.com. Retrieved January 20, 2020 from:
https://www.rappler.com/nation/depedaddress-ph-classroom shortage.
Heitor, T. (2005). POTENTIAL PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES IN DEFINING
INTERNATIONAL DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR SCHOOLS

James, N. (2018) additional 131 Classroom for QC public schools (2018), Metro
News Central.net. Retrieved January 19, 2020 from:
http://metronewscentral.net/quezoncity/city-news/additional-131
classrooms-for-qc-public-schools.
Jones, N. (2017, April 5). School Congestion in the Philippines: A
BreakthroughSolution. https://asiafoundation.org/2017/04/05/school-
congestion-philippines-breakthrough-solution/
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│21

Jones, J. T., & Zimmer, R. W. (2001). Examining the impact of capital on

academic achievement. Economics of Education Review, 20(6), 577–
588. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0272-7757(00)00043-1

Llego, M.A. (2018, May 28). The Public-School Class Size Law of 2016 (House
Bill 473). TeacherPH. https://www.teacherph.com/public-school-class-
size-house-bill-473/

McFee, A. (n.d.). How school infrastructure plays a critical role in adult learning
[Web log post]. Retrieved from https://hospitalityinsights.ehl.edu/school-
infrastructure-critical

Navarro, A. M. (2022, March). School Infrastructure in the Philippines: Where

Are We Now And Where Should We Be Heading? Retrieved from
https://pidswebs.pids.gov.ph/CDN/PUBLICATIONS/pidsdps2210.pdf

Neill, Stern, and Rebecca Etheridge. “Flexible Learning Spaces: The Integration
of Pedagogy, Physical Design, and Instructional Technology.” Marketing
Education Review 18.1 (2008): 47–53. Web. 5 July 2013.
Pablo, M.C. (2017, February 9). Breakthrough Solution to Reduce Congestion in
Public School
Picta. (2019). THE IMPACT OF OVERPOPULATION ON STUDENT ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE. https://iresearchng.com/education/the-impact-of-
overpopulation-on-student-academic-performance/index.html.
Tutty, S. (2023, April 3). Luton schools are getting overcrowded. lutonday.co.uk
Wulsin, L. (2013). Classroom Design - Literature Review. Retrieved June 6,
2024,from https://provost.princeton.edu/sites/g/files/toruqf5251/files/
SCCD_Final_Report_Appendix_B.pdf
Physical Facilities and Schools Engineering Division DepEd. (2010). DepEd
Educational Facilities Manual: Pasig City, Manila. Retrieved January 21,
2020
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│22

APPENDIX A

PLANS AND DRAWINGS

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│23

ARCHITECTURAL PLANS
PROPOSED SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN

Figure 4a.
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│24

VICINITY MAP

Figure 5.
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│25

FLOOR PLANS
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│26
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│27
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│28
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│29
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│30
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│31
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│32
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│33
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│34

BUILDING PERSPECTIVE
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│35
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│36
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│37
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│38
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│39
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│40

APPENDIX B

PREMILINARY SIZING
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│41
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│42
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│43

1. Preliminary Sizing of Slab

Slab: Two-Way Slab

Considering the largest tributary area at B-6

Long Span = 7000mm

Short Span = 4500mm

Assumed size of Column = 500mm x 500mm

fy = 415 Mpa

Thickness of Slab “t”:

fy
Ln (0.8 + 1400)
t= − 𝑁𝑆𝐶𝑃 𝑇𝐴𝐵𝐿𝐸 408.3.1.2
36 + 9β

;Ln = 7000 − 500 = 6500 𝑚𝑚

(7000 − 500)
𝛽= = 1.625
(4500 − 500)

415
6500 (0.8 + 1400)
t=
36 + 9(1.625)

t = 140.77mm; say t=150mm

Adopt 150 mm thickness

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│44

TABLE 408.3.1.2 Minimum Thickness of Non-Prestressed Two-Way

Slabs with Beams Spanning between Supports on All Sides
αfm[1] Minimum h, mm
αfm≤2.0 Section 408.3.1.1 applies (a)

𝑓𝑦
𝐿𝑛 (0.8 + 1400)
Greater (b)[2][3]
022≤ αfm≤2.0
of: 36 + 𝑆𝛽(𝛼𝑓𝑚 − 0.2)

125 (c)

𝑓𝑦
𝐿𝑛 (0.8 + 1400)
Greater (d)[2][3]
αfm≥2.0
of: 36 + 9𝛽

90 (e)
[1] αfm is the average value of αf for all beams on edges of a panel and
αf shall be calculated in accordance with Section 408.10.2.7
[2] Ln is the clear span in the long direction, measured face-to-face of

beams (mm).
[3] β is the ratio of clear spans in long to short directions of slab.

2. Preliminary Sizing of Beam

TABLE 409.3.1.1
MINIMUM DEPTH OF NON-PRESTRESSED BEAMS
Support Condition Minimum h[1]
Simply supported ℓ/16
One end continuous ℓ/18.5
Both ends continuous ℓ/21
Cantilever ℓ/8
[1]Expression applicable for normal weight concrete and fy =420 Mpa. For other

cases, minimum h shall be modified in accordance with Sections 409.3.1.1.1

through 409.3.1.1.3, as appropriated.
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│45

One end continuous: @ BEAM – 6

CRITICAL SECTION OF THE BEAM

NSCP TABLE 409.3.1.1

Long Span = 7000mm

Short Span = 4500mm
Assumed Column, C-4: 550mm x 550mm
; Ln = 7000-550 mm

𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 7000

ℎ= = = 378.38𝑚𝑚 ≈ 𝑠𝑎𝑦 600𝑚𝑚
18.5 18.5

ℎ 378.38
𝑏𝑤 = = = 252.25𝑚𝑚 ≈ 𝑠𝑎𝑦 300𝑚𝑚
1.5 1.5

For bf, least of: NSCP TABLE 406.3.2.1

1. bf = bw + 2(8t) = 300 + 2 x (8x150) = 2700mm

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│46

Ln (7000−550)
2. bf = = = 𝟏𝟔𝟏𝟐. 𝟓𝒎𝒎 (Adopt)
4 4

3. bf = bw+2(clear transverse span)/2 = 4500mm

1612.5mm

150 mm

600mm
450 mm

300 mm

Ay = Ay1 + Ay2
150 450
(1612.5)(150) ( 2 ) + (450)(300)( 2 + 150)
𝑦̅ =
(1612.5)(150) + (450)(300)

𝑦̅ = 182.46𝑚𝑚
1625mm

150 mm 𝑦

600mm
450 mm
417.54
mm

300 mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│47

Ib = Icg + Ay2
1 150 2 1
Ib = 12 (1612.5)(150)3 + (1612.5)(150) (182.46 − ) + 12 (300)(450)3 +
2

450 2
(300)(450) (417.54 − )
2

Ib = 10529401822 mm4

(4500)(150)3
; Ilong = = 1265625000 𝑚𝑚4
12

(7000)(150)3
; Ishort = = 1968750000 𝑚𝑚4
12

Ib 10529401822
α1 = = = 5.35
Ishort 1968750000

Ib 10529401822
α2 = = = 8.32
Ilong 1265625000

5.35 + 8.32
αfm = = 6.84 > 2.0 (𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡)
2
Adopt 300mm x 600mm Beam
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│48

Both ends continuous: @ Beam – 5

NSCP TABLE 409.3.1.1

Long Span = 5000mm

Short Span = 3500mm
Assumed Column, C-5: 500mm x 500mm
Assumed Column, C-2: 450mm x 450mm
; Ln = 5000-475 mm

𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 5000

ℎ= = = 238.10𝑚𝑚 ≈ 𝑠𝑎𝑦 500𝑚𝑚
21 21

ℎ 238.10
𝑏𝑤 = = = 150.73𝑚𝑚 ≈ 𝑠𝑎𝑦 300𝑚𝑚
1.5 1.5

For bf, least of: NSCP TABLE 406.3.2.1

1. bf = bw + 2(8t) = 300 + 2 x (8x150) = 2700mm

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│49

Ln (5000−475)
2. bf = = = 𝟏𝟏𝟑𝟏. 𝟐𝟓 (Adopt)
4 4

3. bf = bw+2(clear transverse span)/2 = 4750mm

1131.25mm

150 mm

500mm
350 mm

300 mm

Ay = Ay1 + Ay2
150 350
(1131.25)(150) ( 2 ) + (350)(300)( 2 + 150)
𝑦̅ =
(1131.25)(150) + (350)(300)

𝑦̅ = 170.56𝑚𝑚
1131.25mm

150 mm 𝑦

500mm
350 mm
329.44
mm

300 mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│50

Ib = Icg + Ay2
1 150 2 1
Ib = 12 (1131.25)(150)3 + (1131.25)(150) (170.56 − ) + 12 (300)(350)3 +
2

350 2
(300)(350) (329.44 − )
2

Ib = 5444006642 mm4

(3500)(150)3
; Ilong = = 984375000 𝑚𝑚4
12

(5000)(150)3
; Ishort = = 1406250000 𝑚𝑚4
12

Ib 5444006642
α1 = = = 3.87
Ishort 1406250000

Ib 5444006642
α2 = = = 5.53
Ilong 984375000

3.87 + 5.53
αfm = = 4.70 > 2.0 (𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡)
2

Adopt 300mm x 500mm Beam

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│51

Both ends continuous: @ Beam – 4

CRITICAL SECTION OF THE BEAM

NSCP TABLE 409.3.1.1

Long Span = 4500mm

Short Span = 3500mm
Assumed Column, C-3: 450mm x 450mm
Assumed Column, C-5: 500mm x 500mm
; Ln = 3500-475 mm

𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 3500

ℎ= = = 166.67𝑚𝑚 ≈ 𝑠𝑎𝑦 500𝑚𝑚
21 21

ℎ 166.67
𝑏𝑤 = = = 111.11𝑚𝑚 ≈ 𝑠𝑎𝑦 300𝑚𝑚
1.5 1.5

For bf, least of: NSCP TABLE 406.3.2.1

1. bf = bw + 2(8t) = 300 + 2 x (8x150) = 2700mm

Ln (3500−475)
2. bf = = = 𝟕𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟓𝒎𝒎 (Adopt)
4 4
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│52

3. bf = bw+2(clear transverse span)/2 = 4500mm

756.25mm

150 mm

500mm
350 mm

300 mm

Ay = Ay1 + Ay2
150 350
(756.25)(150) ( 2 ) + (350)(300)( 2 + 150)
𝑦̅ =
(756.25)(150) + (350)(300)

𝑦̅ = 195.17𝑚𝑚
756.25mm

150 mm 𝑦

500mm
350 mm
304.83
mm

300 mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│53

Ib = Icg + Ay2
1 150 2 1
Ib = 12 (756.25)(150)3 + (756.25)(150) (195.17 − ) + 12 (300)(350)3 +
2

350 2
(300)(350) (304.83 − )
2

Ib = 4692563875 mm4

(3500)(150)3
; Ilong = = 984375000 𝑚𝑚4
12
(4500)(150)3
; Ishort = = 1265625000 𝑚𝑚4
12
Ib 4692563875
α1 = = = 3.71
Ishort 1265625000
Ib 4692563875
α2 = = = 4.77
Ilong 984375000
4.77 + 3.71
αfm = = 4.24 > 2.0 (𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡)
2

Adopt 300mm x 500mm Beam

Both ends continuous: @ Beam – 3

NSCP TABLE 409.3.1.1

Long Span = 4500mm

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│54

Short Span = 2500mm

Assumed Column, C-4: 550mm x 550mm
Assumed Column, C-1: 400mm x 400mm
; Ln = 2500-475 mm

𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 4500

ℎ= = = 214.29𝑚𝑚 ≈ 𝑠𝑎𝑦 500𝑚𝑚
21 21

ℎ 214.29
𝑏𝑤 = = = 142.86𝑚𝑚 ≈ 𝑠𝑎𝑦 300𝑚𝑚
1.5 1.5

For bf, least of: NSCP TABLE 406.3.2.1

1. bf = bw + 2(8t) = 300 + 2 x (8x150) = 2700mm

Ln (2500−475)
2. bf = = = 𝟓𝟎𝟔. 𝟐𝟓𝒎𝒎 (Adopt)
4 4

3. bf = bw+2(clear transverse span)/2 = 4500mm

506.25mm

150 mm

500mm
350 mm

300 mm

Ay = Ay1 + Ay2
150 350
(506.25)(150) ( 2 ) + (350)(300)( 2 + 150)
𝑦̅ =
(506.25)(150) + (350)(300)

𝑦̅ = 220.08𝑚𝑚
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│55

506.25mm

150 mm 𝑦

500mm
350 mm
279.92
mm

300 mm

Ib = Icg + Ay2
1 150 2 1
Ib = 12 (506.25)(150)3 + (506.25)(150) (220.08 − ) + 12 (300)(350)3 +
2

350 2
(300)(350) (279.92 − )
2

Ib = 3968467658 mm4

(2500)(150)3
; Ilong = = 703125000 𝑚𝑚4
12
(4500)(150)3
; Ishort = = 1265625000 𝑚𝑚4
12
Ib 3968467658
α1 = = = 3.14
Ishort 1265625000
Ib 3968467658
α2 = = = 5.64
Ilong 703125000
3.14 + 5.64
αfm = = 4.39 > 2.0 (𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡)
2
Adopt 300mm x 500mm Beam
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│56

Both ends continuous: @ Beam – 2

CRITICAL SECTION OF THE BEAM

NSCP TABLE 409.3.1.1

Long Span = 4500mm

Short Span = 2500mm
Assumed Column, C-1: 400mm x 400mm
; Ln = 4500-450

𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 4500

ℎ= = = 214.29𝑚𝑚 ≈ 𝑠𝑎𝑦 400𝑚𝑚
21 21

ℎ 214.29
𝑏𝑤 = = = 142.86𝑚𝑚 ≈ 𝑠𝑎𝑦 250𝑚𝑚
1.5 1.5

For bf, least of: NSCP TABLE 406.3.2.1

1. bf = bw + 6(t) = 250 + 6 x (150) = 1150mm

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│57

Ln (4500−450)
2. bf = 𝑏𝑤 + (12) = 250 + = 𝟓𝟖𝟕. 𝟓𝟎𝒎𝒎 (Adopt)
12

3. bf = bw+(clear transverse span)/2 = 1400mm

587.50m
m

150 mm

400mm
250 mm

250 mm

Ay = Ay1 + Ay2
150 250
(587.50)(150) ( 2 ) + (250)(250)( 2 + 150)
𝑦̅ =
(587.50)(150) + (250)(250)

𝑦̅ = 157.99𝑚𝑚

629.17mm

150 mm 𝑦

400mm
250 mm
245.32
mm

250 mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│58

Ib = Icg + Ay2
Ib = 1412785681 mm4

(1250)(150)3
; Ilong = = 351562500𝑚𝑚4
12

(4500)(150)3
; Ishort = = 1265625000 𝑚𝑚4
12

Ib 1412785681
α1 = = = 1.12
Ishort 1265625000
Ib 1412785681
α2 = = = 4.02
Ilong 351562500
1.12 + 4.02
αfm = = 2.57 > 2.0 (𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡)
2

Adopt 250mm x 400mm Beam

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│59

Both ends continuous: @ Beam – 1

NSCP TABLE 409.3.1.1

Long Span = 4500mm

Short Span = 3000mm
Assumed Column, C-3: 450mm x 450mm
Assumed Column, C-4: 550mm x 550mm

; Ln = 4500-500 mm

𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 4500

ℎ= = = 214.29𝑚𝑚 ≈ 𝑠𝑎𝑦 500𝑚𝑚
21 21

ℎ 214.29
𝑏𝑤 = = = 142.86𝑚𝑚 ≈ 𝑠𝑎𝑦 300𝑚𝑚
1.5 1.5
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│60

For bf, least of: NSCP TABLE 406.3.2.1

1. bf = bw + 2(8t) = 300 + 2 x (8x150) = 2700mm

Ln (4500−500)
2. bf = = = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎 (Adopt)
4 4

3. bf = bw+2(clear transverse span)/2 = 3000mm

1000mm

150 mm

500mm
350 mm

300 mm

Ay = Ay1 + Ay2
150 350
(1000)(150) ( 2 ) + (350)(300)( 2 + 150)
𝑦̅ =
(1000)(150) + (350)(300)

𝑦̅ = 177.94𝑚𝑚

1000mm

150 mm 𝑦

500mm
350 mm
322.06
mm

300 mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│61

Ib = Icg + Ay2
1 150 2 1
Ib = 12 (1000)(150)3 + (1000)(150) (177.94 − ) + 12 (300)(350)3 +
2

350 2
(300)(350) (322.06 − )
2

Ib = 5213419118 mm4

(3000)(150)3
; Ilong = = 843750000 𝑚𝑚4
12

(4500)(150)3
; Ishort = = 1265625000 𝑚𝑚4
12
Ib 5213419118
α1 = = = 4.12
Ishort 1265625000
Ib 5213419118
α2 = = = 6.18
Ilong 843750000
4.12 + 6.18
αfm = = 5.15 > 2.0 (𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡)
2
Adopt 300mm x 500mm Beam

SUMMARY:
B6: 300mm x 600mm
B1, B3, B4, and B5: 300mm x 500mm
B2: 250mm x 400mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│62

3. Preliminary Sizing of Column

STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS DEAD LOADS
ROOF

Slab
• Floor finish (25mm) on stone concrete fill 0.575 kPa
(0.023) (25)
• Plumbing, Electrical 1.500 kPa
• (150 mm) stone concrete fill
(.150) (23.56) 3.534 kPa
• Bituminous, Smooth surface 0.070 KPa
TOTAL: 5.679 kPa

Parapet Wall
• 150mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density
unit, plastered in both faces, 1.5m 4.665 kN/m
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (1.5)
FOURTH FLOOR
Slab
• Floor finish (25mm) on stone concrete fill 0.575 kPa
(0.023) (25)
• Plumbing, Electrical 1.500 kPa
• (150 mm) stone concrete fill
(.150) (23.56) 3.534 kPa
TOTAL: 5.609 kPa

Walls and Partitions

• 150mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density 4.665 kN/m
unit, plastered in both faces, 1.5m (exterior wall)
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (1.5)
• 100mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density
unit, plastered in both faces, 3.2m (interior wall) 9.952 kN/m
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (3.2)
Stairs
• Assumed additional 40% for the total weight of the slab
(5.138 + (0.4)(5.138)) 7.193 kN/m
THIRD FLOOR
Slab
• Floor finish (25mm) on stone concrete fill 0.575 kPa
(0.023) (25)
• Plumbing, Electrical 1.500 kPa
• (150 mm) stone concrete fill
(.150) (23.56) 3.534 kPa
TOTAL: 5.609 kPa
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│63

Walls and Partitions

• 150mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density 4.665 kN/m
unit, plastered in both faces, 1.5m (exterior wall)
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (1.5)
• 100mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density
unit, plastered in both faces, 3.2m (interior wall) 9.952 kN/m
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (3.2)

Stairs
• Assumed additional 40% for the total weight of the slab 7.193 kN/m
(5.138 + (0.4)(5.138))
SECOND FLOOR
Slab
• Floor finish (25mm) on stone concrete fill 0.575 kPa
(0.023) (25)
• Plumbing, Electrical 1.500 kPa
• (150 mm) stone concrete fill
(.150) (23.56) 3.534 kPa
TOTAL: 5.609 kPa

Walls and Partitions

• 150mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density 4.665 kN/m
unit, plastered in both faces, 1.5m (exterior wall)
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (1.5)
• 100mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density
unit, plastered in both faces, 3.2m (interior wall) 9.952 kN/m
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (3.2)

Stairs
• Assumed additional 40% for the total weight of the slab 7.193 kN/m
(5.138 + (0.4)(5.138))

STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS LIVE LOADS

ROOF
Roof Slab
• From NSCP 2015, 1.9 kPa and an additional of 1 kPa 2.9 kPa
for rain load
FOURTH FLOOR
Classrooms 1.9 kPa
Corridors above ground floor 3.8 kPa
THIRD FLOOR
Classrooms 1.9 kPa
Corridors above ground floor 3.8 kPa
SECOND FLOOR
Classrooms 1.9 kPa
Corridors above ground floor 3.8 kPa
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│64

A. COLUMN C-5

Section for Tributary Area of Column @ C5

A. Roof Deck Load:
Beam Size B4 = 0.300m x 0.500m
Beam Length B4= (1.75+1.75) = 3.5 m
Area of Slab to consider = (1.75+1.75) x (2.25 + 2.25) = 15.75m2
Weight of beam B4 = (0.300m x 0.500m) (3.5) x 23.56= 12.37KN
DL = (5.679)(15.75) + 12.37 = 𝟏𝟎𝟏. 𝟖𝟏 𝐊𝐍
LL = (1.9 + 1)x 15.75 = 𝟒𝟓. 𝟔𝟖 𝐊𝐍
PuRD = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(101.81) + 1.6(45.68) = 𝟏𝟗𝟓. 𝟐𝟔 𝐊𝐍

B. Fourth Floor Load:

Assume column size = 0.450m x 0.450m
Height of column = 3.2m
𝐾𝑁
Weight of Column = (0.450 x 0.450 x 3.2) x 23.56 𝑚3 = 15.27 KN

Beam Size B4 = 0.300m x 0.500m

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│65

Beam Length B4 = 3.50m

Area of Slab to consider = (1.75+1.75) x (2.25 + 2.25) = 15.75m2
Weight of beam B4 = (0.300m x 0.500m) (3.5) x 23.56= 12.37KN
Length of Interior wall = 3.5m
Weight of Interior wall = 9.952 kN/m (3.5m) = 34.83kN
DL = (5.609)(15.75) + 12.37 + 15.27 + 34.83 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎. 𝟖𝟏𝐊𝐍
LL = (1.9 + 3.8)x 15.75m2 = 𝟖𝟗. 𝟕𝟖 𝐊𝐍
Pu4th = 1.2DL + 1.6LL + PuRD = 1.2(150.81) + 1.6(89.78 ) + 195.26
Pu4th = 519.88 KN

C. Third Floor Load:

Assume column size = 0.500m x 500m
Height of column = 3.2m
𝐾𝑁
Weight of Column = (0.500 x 0.500 x 3.2) x 23.56 𝑚3 = 18.85 KN

Beam Size B4 = 0.300m x 0.500m

Beam Length B4 = 3.50m
Area of Slab to consider = (1.75+1.75) x (2.25 + 2.25) = 15.75m2
Weight of beam B4 = (0.300m x 0.500m) (3.5) x 23.56= 12.37KN
Length of Interior wall = 3.5m
Weight of Interior wall = 9.952 kN/m (3.5m) = 34.83kN
DL = (5.609)(15.75) + 18.85 + 12.37 + 34.83 = 𝟏𝟓𝟒. 𝟑𝟗𝐊𝐍
LL = (1.9 + 3.8)x 15.75m2 = 𝟖𝟗. 𝟕𝟖 𝐊𝐍
Pu3rd = 1.2DL + 1.6LL + PuRD = 1.2(154.39) + 1.6(89.78 ) + 519.88
Pu3rd = 848.80 KN

D. Second Floor Load

Assume column size = 0.500m x 500m
Height of column = 3.2m
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│66

𝐾𝑁
Weight of Column = (0.500 x 0.500 x 3.2) x 23.56 𝑚3 = 18.85 KN

Beam Size B4 = 0.300m x 0.500m

Beam Length B4 = 3.50m
Area of Slab to consider = (1.75+1.75) x (2.25 + 2.25) = 15.75m2
Weight of beam B4 = (0.300m x 0.500m) (3.5) x 23.56= 12.37KN
Length of Interior wall = 3.5m
Weight of Interior wall = 9.952 kN/m (3.5m) = 34.83kN
DL = (5.609)(15.75) + 18.85 + 12.37 + 34.83 = 𝟏𝟓𝟒. 𝟑𝟗𝐊𝐍
LL = (1.9 + 3.8)x 15.75m2 = 𝟖𝟗. 𝟕𝟖 𝐊𝐍
Pu2nd = 1.2DL + 1.6LL + PuRD = 1.2(154.39) + 1.6(89.78 ) + 848.80
Pu2nd = 1177.72 KN
For Tied Column: Ø = 0.65
f’c = 21 MPa
fy = 415 Mpa
Ast = 0.020Ag
Pu = Ø0.80[0.85f’c(Ag-Ast)+fyAst]
Pu = 0.65(0.80)[0.85(21)(Ag − 0.020Ag) + 415(0.020Ag)]
= 0.52[17.85Ag − 0.357Ag + 8.3Ag]
= 0.52[25.793Ag]
Pu = 13.41Ag
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│67

Substitute the value of Pu:

Preliminary sizing of Column Schedule

Ag mm2 b (min)
Floors Pu x 1000 Column Of C-5
𝐀𝐠 = 𝐏𝐮⁄𝟏𝟑. 𝟒𝟏 Ag=b2

4th Floor
519,880 38768.08 196.90 450mm x 450mm
3rd Floor
848,800 63296.05 251.59 500mm x 500mm

2nd Floor 1,177,720

87824.01 296.35 500mm x 500mm

B. COLUMN C-4

Section for Tributary Area of Column @ C4

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│68

A. Roof Deck Load:

Beam Size B3 and B1 = 0.300m x 0.500m
Beam Size B6 = 0.300m x 0.600m
Beam Length B3 and B1= (1.25) + (2.25+2.25) = 5.75m
Beam Length B6 = 3.50m
Area of Slab to consider = (3.50 + 1.25) x (2.25 + 2.25) = 21.38m2
Wt. of beam B3 and B1 = (0.30m x 0.50m) (5.75) x 23.56= 20.32 KN
Wt. of beam B6 = (0.300m x 0.600m) (3.50) x 23.56= 14.84 KN
DL = (5.679)(21.38) + 20.32 + 14.84 = 𝟏𝟓𝟔. 𝟓𝟖 𝐊𝐍
LL = (1.9 + 1)x 21.38 = 𝟔𝟐. 𝟎𝟎 𝐊𝐍
PuRD = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(156.58) + 1.6(62.00) = 𝟐𝟖𝟕. 𝟏𝟎 𝐊𝐍
B. Fourth Floor Load:
Assume column size = 0.500m x 0.500m
Height of column = 3.2m
𝐾𝑁
Weight of Column = (0.500 x 0.500 x 3.2) x 23.56 𝑚3 = 18.85 KN

Beam Size B3 and B1 = 0.300m x 0.500m

Beam Size B6 = 0.300m x 0.600m
Beam Length B3 and B1= (1.25) + (2.25+2.25) = 5.75m
Beam Length B6 = 3.50m
Area of Slab to consider = (3.50 + 1.25) x (2.25 + 2.25) = 21.38m2
Wt. of beam B3 and B1 = (0.30m x 0.50m) (5.75) x 23.56= 20.32 KN
Weight of beam B6 = (0.300m x 0.600m) (3.50) x 23.56= 14.84 KN
Length of Interior wall = 4.5m
Weight of Interior wall = 9.952 kN/m (4.5m) = 44.78 kN
DL = (5.609)(21.38) + 18.85 + 20.32 + 14.84 + 44.784 = 𝟐𝟏𝟖. 𝟕𝟏𝐊𝐍
LL = (1.9 + 3.8)x 21.38m2 = 𝟏𝟐𝟏. 𝟖𝟕 𝐊𝐍
Pu4th = 1.2DL + 1.6LL + PuRD = 1.2(218.71) + 1.6(121.87) + 287.10
Pu4th = 744.54 KN
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│69

C. Third Floor Load:

Assume column size = 0.550m x 0.550m
Height of column = 3.2m
𝐾𝑁
Weight of Column = (0.550 x 0.550 x 3.2) x 23.56 𝑚3 = 22.81 KN

Beam Size B3 and B1 = 0.300m x 0.500m

Beam Size B6 = 0.300m x 0.600m
Beam Length B3 and B1= (1.25) + (2.25+2.25) = 6.75m
Beam Length B6 = 3.50m
Area of Slab to consider = (3.50 + 1.25) x (2.25 + 2.25) = 21.38m2
Wt. of beam B3 and B1 = (0.30m x 0.50m) (5.75) x 23.56= 20.32 KN
Weight of beam B6 = (0.300m x 0.600m) (3.50) x 23.56= 14.84 KN
Length of Interior wall = 4.5m
Weight of Interior wall = 9.952 kN/m (4.5m) = 44.78 kN
DL = (5.609)(21.38) + 20.32 + 22.81 + 14.84 + 44.784 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐. 𝟔𝟕𝐊𝐍
LL = (1.9 + 3.8)x 21.38m2 = 𝟏𝟐𝟏. 𝟖𝟕 𝐊𝐍
Pu3rd = 1.2DL + 1.6LL + PuRD = 1.2(222.67) + 1.6(121.87) + 744.54
Pu3rd = 1206.74 KN
D. Second Floor Load
Assume column size = 0.550m x 0.550m
Height of column = 3.2m
𝐾𝑁
Weight of Column = (0.550 x 0.550 x 3.2) x 23.56 𝑚3 = 22.81 KN

Beam Size B3 and B1 = 0.300m x 0.500m

Beam Size B6 = 0.300m x 0.600m
Beam Length B3 and B1= (1.25) + (2.25+2.25) = 6.75m
Beam Length B6 = 3.50m
Area of Slab to consider = (3.50 + 1.25) x (2.25 + 2.25) = 21.38m2
Wt. of beam B3 and B1 = (0.30m x 0.50m) (5.75) x 23.56= 20.32 KN
Weight of beam B6 = (0.300m x 0.600m) (3.50) x 23.56= 14.84 KN
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│70

Length of Interior wall = 4.5m

Weight of Interior wall = 9.952 kN/m (4.5m) = 44.78 kN
DL = (5.609)(21.38) + 22.81 + 20.32 + 14.84 + 44.784 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐. 𝟔𝟕𝐊𝐍
LL = (1.9 + 3.8)x 21.38m2 = 𝟏𝟐𝟏. 𝟖𝟕 𝐊𝐍
Pu2nd = 1.2DL + 1.6LL + PuRD = 1.2(222.67) + 1.6(121.87) + 1206.74
Pu2nd = 1668.94 KN
For Tied Column: Ø = 0.65

f’c = 21 MPa
fy = 415 Mpa
Ast = 0.020Ag
Pu = Ø0.80[0.85f’c(Ag-Ast)+fyAst]
Pu = 0.65(0.80)[0.85(21)(Ag − 0.020Ag) + 415(0.020Ag)]
= 0.52[17.85Ag − 0.357Ag + 8.3Ag]
= 0.52[25.793Ag]
Pu = 13.41

Substitute the value of Pu:

Preliminary sizing of Column Schedule

Ag mm2 b (min)
Floors Pu x 1000 Column Of C-4
𝐀𝐠 = 𝐏𝐮⁄𝟏𝟑. 𝟒𝟏 Ag=b2

4th Floor
744,540 55521.25 235.63 500mm x 500mm

3rd Floor
1,206,740 89988.07 299.98 550mm x 550mm

2nd Floor
1,668,940 124454.88 352.78 550mm x 550mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│71

C. COLUMN C-3

Section for Tributary Area of Column @ C3

A. Roof Deck Load:

Beam Size B4, B3 and B1 = 0.300m x 0.500m
Beam Length B4= 1.75 m
Beam Length B3=1.25 m
Beam Length B1= 4.2 m
Area of Slab to consider = (1.75+1.25) x (2.25 + 2.25) = 13.5m2
Weight of beam B4 = (0.300m x 0.500m) (1.75) x 23.56= 6.18 KN
Weight of beam B3 = (0.300m x 0.500m) (1.25) x 23.56= 4.42 KN
Weight of beam B3 = (0.300m x 0.500m) (4.20) x 23.56= 14.84 KN
DL = (5.679)(13.5) + 6.18 + 4.42 + 14.84 = 𝟏𝟎𝟐. 𝟏𝟏 𝐊𝐍
LL = (1.9 + 1)x 13.5 = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟏𝟓 𝐊𝐍
PuRD = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(102.11) + 1.6(39.15) = 𝟏𝟖𝟓. 𝟏𝟕 𝐊𝐍
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│72

B. Fourth Floor Load:

Beam Size B4, B3 and B1 = 0.300m x 0.500m
Beam Length B4= 1.75 m
Beam Length B3=1.25 m
Beam Length B1= 4.2 m
Area of Slab to consider = (1.75+1.25) x (2.25 + 2.25) = 13.5m2
Weight of beam B4 = (0.300m x 0.500m) (1.75) x 23.56= 6.18 KN
Weight of beam B3 = (0.300m x 0.500m) (1.25) x 23.56= 4.42 KN
Weight of beam B1 = (0.300m x 0.500m) (4.2)) x 23.56= 14.84 KN
Assume column size = 0.400m x 0.400m
Height of column = 3.2m
𝐾𝑁
Weight of Column = (0.400 x 0.400 x 3.2) x 23.56 𝑚3 = 12.06KN

Length of Interior wall = 5.65m

Weight of Interior wall = 9.952 kN/m (5.65m) = 56.23 kN
DL = (5.609)(13.5) + 6.18 + 4.42 + 14.84 + +12.06 + 56.23 = 𝟏𝟔𝟗. 𝟒𝟓𝐊𝐍
LL = (1.9 + 3.8)x 13.50m2 = 𝟕𝟔. 𝟗𝟓 𝐊𝐍
Pu4th = 1.2DL + 1.6LL + PuRD = 1.2(169.45) + 1.6(76.95) + 185.17
Pu4th = 511.63 KN

C. Third Floor Load:

Beam Size B4, B3 and B1 = 0.300m x 0.500m
Beam Length B4= 1.75 m
Beam Length B3=1.25 m
Beam Length B1= 4.2 m
Area of Slab to consider = (1.75+1.25) x (2.25 + 2.25) = 13.5m2
Weight of beam B4 = (0.300m x 0.500m) (1.75) x 23.56= 6.18 KN
Weight of beam B3 = (0.300m x 0.500m) (1.25) x 23.56= 4.42 KN
Weight of beam B1 = (0.300m x 0.500m) (4.2)) x 23.56= 14.84 KN
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│73

Assume column size = 0.450m x 0.450m

Height of column = 3.2m
𝐾𝑁
Weight of Column = (0.450 x 0.450 x 3.2) x 23.56 𝑚3 = 15.27KN

Length of Interior wall = 5.65m

Weight of Interior wall = 9.952 kN/m (5.65m) = 56.23 kN
DL = (5.609)(13.5) + 6.18 + 4.42 + 14.84 + 15.27 + 56.23 = 𝟏𝟕𝟐. 𝟔𝟔𝐊𝐍
LL = (1.9 + 3.8)x 13.50m2 = 𝟕𝟔. 𝟗𝟓 𝐊𝐍
Pu4th = 1.2DL + 1.6LL + PuRD = 1.2(172.66) + 1.6(76.95) + 511.63
Pu4th = 841.94 KN
D. Second Floor Load
Beam Size B4, B3 and B1 = 0.300m x 0.500m
Beam Length B4= 1.75 m
Beam Length B3=1.25 m
Beam Length B1= 4.2 m
Area of Slab to consider = (1.75+1.25) x (2.25 + 2.25) = 13.5m2
Weight of beam B4 = (0.300m x 0.500m) (1.75) x 23.56= 6.18 KN
Weight of beam B3 = (0.300m x 0.500m) (1.25) x 23.56= 4.42 KN
Weight of beam B1 = (0.300m x 0.500m) (4.2)) x 23.56= 14.84 KN
Assume column size = 0.450m x 0.450m
Height of column = 3.2m
𝐾𝑁
Weight of Column = (0.450 x 0.450 x 3.2) x 23.56 𝑚3 = 15.27KN

Length of Interior wall = 5.65m

Weight of Interior wall = 9.952 kN/m (5.65m) = 56.23 kN
DL = (5.609)(13.5) + 6.18 + 4.42 + 14.84 + 15.27 + 56.23 = 𝟏𝟕𝟐. 𝟔𝟔𝐊𝐍
LL = (1.9 + 3.8)x 13.50m2 = 𝟕𝟔. 𝟗𝟓 𝐊𝐍
Pu4th = 1.2DL + 1.6LL + PuRD = 1.2(172.66) + 1.6(76.95) + 841.94
Pu4th = 1172.25 KN
For Tied Column: Ø = 0.65
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│74

f’c = 21 MPa
fy = 415 Mpa
Ast = 0.020Ag
Pu = Ø0.80[0.85f’c(Ag-Ast)+fyAst]
Pu = 0.65(0.80)[0.85(21)(Ag − 0.020Ag) + 415(0.020Ag)]
= 0.52[17.85Ag − 0.357Ag + 8.3Ag]
= 0.52[25.793Ag]
Pu = 13.41Ag

Substitute the value of Pu:

Preliminary sizing of Column Schedule

Ag mm2 b (min)
Floors Pu x 1000 Column Of C-3
𝐀𝐠 = 𝐏𝐮⁄𝟏𝟑. 𝟒𝟏 Ag=b2

4th Floor
511,630 38152.87 195.33 400mm x 400mm

3rd Floor
841,940 62784.49 250.57 450mm x 450mm

2nd Floor 1,172,250

87416.11 295.66 450mm x 450mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│75

D. COLUMN C-2

Section for Tributary Area of Column @ C2

A. Roof Deck Load:

Beam Size B4 and B5 = 0.300m x 0.500m
Beam Length B4= 3.5 m
Beam Length B5= 2.2 m
Area of Slab to consider = (1.75+1.75) x (2.25) = 7.88m2
Weight of beam B4 = (0.300m x 0.500m) (3.5) x 23.56= 12.37 KN
Weight of beam B5 = (0.300m x 0.500m) (2.2) x 23.56= 7.77 KN
Parapet wall= (4.665) (3.5) = 16.33 KN
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│76

DL = (5.679)(7.88) + 12.37 + 7.77 + 16.33 = 𝟖𝟏. 𝟐𝟐 𝐊𝐍

LL = (1.9 + 1)x 7.88 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟖𝟓𝐊𝐍
PuRD = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(81.22) + 1.6(22.85) = 𝟏𝟑𝟒. 𝟎𝟐 𝐊𝐍
B. Fourth Floor Load:
Beam Size B4 and B5 = 0.300m x 0.500m
Beam Length B4= 3.5 m
Beam Length B5= 2.2 m
Area of Slab to consider = (1.75+1.75) x (2.25) = 7.88m2
Weight of beam B4 = (0.300m x 0.500m) (3.5) x 23.56= 12.37 KN
Weight of beam B5 = (0.300m x 0.500m) (2.2) x 23.56= 7.77 KN
Assume column size = 0.400m x 0.400m
Height of column = 3.2m
𝐾𝑁
Weight of Column = (0.400 x 0.400 x 3.2) x 23.56 𝑚3 = 12.06KN

Length of External wall = 3.10m

Weight of External wall = 9.952 kN/m (3.10m) = 30.85 kN
DL = (5.609)(7.88) + 12.37 + 7.77 + 12.06 + 30.85 = 𝟏𝟎𝟕. 𝟐𝟓𝐊𝐍
LL = (1.9 + 3.8)x 7.88m2 = 𝟒𝟒. 𝟗𝟐 𝐊𝐍
Pu4th = 1.2DL + 1.6LL + PuRD = 1.2(107.25) + 1.6(44.92) + 134.02
Pu4th = 334.59 KN
C. Third Floor Load:
Beam Size B4 and B5 = 0.300m x 0.500m
Beam Length B4= 3.5 m
Beam Length B5= 2.2 m
Area of Slab to consider = (1.75+1.75) x (2.25) = 7.88m2
Weight of beam B4 = (0.300m x 0.500m) (3.5) x 23.56= 12.37 KN
Weight of beam B5 = (0.300m x 0.500m) (2.2) x 23.56= 7.77 KN
Assume column size = 0.450m x 0.450m
Height of column = 3.2m
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│77

𝐾𝑁
Weight of Column = (0.450 x 0.450 x 3.2) x 23.56 𝑚3 = 15.27KN

Length of External wall = 3.10m

Weight of External wall = 9.952 kN/m (3.10m) = 30.85 kN
DL = (5.609)(7.88) + 15.27 + 7.77 + 12.06 + 30.85 = 𝟏𝟏𝟎. 𝟏𝟓𝐊𝐍
LL = (1.9 + 3.8)x 7.88m2 = 𝟒𝟒. 𝟗𝟐 𝐊𝐍
Pu3rd = 1.2DL + 1.6LL + PuRD = 1.2(110.15) + 1.6(44.92) + 334.59
Pu3rd = 538.64 KN
D. Second Floor Load
Beam Size B4 and B5 = 0.300m x 0.500m
Beam Length B4= 3.5 m
Beam Length B5= 2.2 m
Area of Slab to consider = (1.75+1.75) x (2.25) = 7.88m2
Weight of beam B4 = (0.300m x 0.500m) (3.5) x 23.56= 12.37 KN
Weight of beam B5 = (0.300m x 0.500m) (2.2) x 23.56= 7.77 KN
Assume column size = 0.450m x 0.450m
Height of column = 3.2m
𝐾𝑁
Weight of Column = (0.450 x 0.450 x 3.2) x 23.56 𝑚3 = 15.27KN

Length of External wall = 3.10m

Weight of External wall = 9.952 kN/m (3.10m) = 30.85 kN
DL = (5.609)(7.88) + 15.27 + 7.77 + 12.06 + 30.85 = 𝟏𝟏𝟎. 𝟏𝟓𝐊𝐍
LL = (1.9 + 3.8)x 7.88m2 = 𝟒𝟒. 𝟗𝟐 𝐊𝐍
Pu4th = 1.2DL + 1.6LL + PuRD = 1.2(110.15) + 1.6(44.92) + 538.64
Pu4th = 742.69KN
For Tied Column: Ø = 0.65
f’c = 21 MPa
fy = 415 Mpa
Ast = 0.020Ag
Pu = Ø0.80[0.85f’c(Ag-Ast)+fyAst]
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│78

Pu = 0.65(0.80)[0.85(21)(Ag − 0.020Ag) + 415(0.020Ag)]

= 0.52[17.85Ag − 0.357Ag + 8.3Ag]
= 0.52[25.793Ag]
Pu = 13.41Ag

Substitute the value of Pu:

Preliminary sizing of Column Schedule

Ag mm2 b (min)
Floors Pu x 1000 Column Of C-3
𝐀𝐠 = 𝐏𝐮⁄𝟏𝟑. 𝟒𝟏 Ag=b2

4th Floor
334,590 24950.78 157.86 400mm x 400mm

3rd Floor
538,640 40167.04 200.42 450mm x 450mm

2nd Floor 742,690

55383.30 235.34 450mm x 450mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│79

E. COLUMN C-1

Section for Tributary Area of Column @ C1

A. Roof Deck Load:

Beam Size B2 = 0.250m x 0.400m
Beam Size B3 = 0.300m x 0.500m
Beam Length B2= 4.75 m
Beam Length B3= 1.45 m
Area of Slab to consider = (2.5+2.25) x (1.45) = 6.89m2
Weight of beam B2 = (0.250m x 0.400m) (4.75) x 23.56= 11.19 KN
Weight of beam B3 = (0.300m x 0.500m) (1.45) x 23.56= 3.42 KN
Parapet wall= (4.665) (3.5) = 16.33 KN
DL = (5.679)(6.89) + 11.19 + 3.42 + 16.33 = 𝟕𝟎. 𝟎𝟕 𝐊𝐍
LL = (1.9 + 1)x 6.89 = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟗𝟖𝐊𝐍
PuRD = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(70.07 ) + 1.6(19.98) = 𝟏𝟏𝟔. 𝟎𝟓 𝐊𝐍
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│80

B. Fourth Floor Load:

Beam Size B2 = 0.250m x 0.400m
Beam Size B3 = 0.300m x 0.500m
Beam Length B2= 4.75 m
Beam Length B3= 1.45 m
Area of Slab to consider = (2.5+2.25) x (1.45) = 6.89m2
Weight of beam B2 = (0.250m x 0.400m) (4.75) x 23.56= 11.19 KN
Weight of beam B3 = (0.300m x 0.500m) (1.45) x 23.56= 3.42 KN
Parapet wall= (4.665) (3.5) = 16.33 KN
Assume column size = 0.400m x 0.400m
Height of column = 3.2m
𝐾𝑁
Weight of Column = (0.400 x 0.400 x 3.2) x 23.56 𝑚3 = 12.06KN

DL = (5.609)(6.89) + 11.19 + 3.42 + 16.33 + 12.06 = 𝟖𝟏. 𝟔𝟓𝐊𝐍

LL = (1.9 + 3.8)x 6.89m2 = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟐𝟕𝐊𝐍
Pu4th = 1.2DL + 1.6LL + PuRD = 1.2(81.65) + 1.6(39.27) + 116.05
Pu4th = 276.86 KN

C. Third Floor Load:

Beam Size B2 = 0.250m x 0.400m
Beam Size B3 = 0.300m x 0.500m
Beam Length B2= 4.75 m
Beam Length B3= 1.45 m
Area of Slab to consider = (2.5+2.25) x (1.45) = 6.89m2
Weight of beam B2 = (0.250m x 0.400m) (4.75) x 23.56= 11.19 KN
Weight of beam B3 = (0.300m x 0.500m) (1.45) x 23.56= 3.42 KN
Parapet wall= (4.665) (3.5) = 16.33 KN
Assume column size = 0.400m x 0.400m
Height of column = 3.2m
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│81

𝐾𝑁
Weight of Column = (0.400 x 0.400 x 3.2) x 23.56 𝑚3 = 12.06KN

DL = (5.609)(6.89) + 11.19 + 3.42 + 16.33 + 12.06 = 𝟖𝟏. 𝟔𝟓𝐊𝐍

LL = (1.9 + 3.8)x 6.89m2 = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟐𝟕𝐊𝐍
Pu3rd = 1.2DL + 1.6LL + PuRD = 1.2(81.65) + 1.6(39.27) + 276.86
Pu3rd = 437.67 KN
D. Second Floor Load
Beam Size B2 = 0.250m x 0.400m
Beam Size B3 = 0.300m x 0.500m
Beam Length B2= 4.75 m
Beam Length B3= 1.45 m
Area of Slab to consider = (2.5+2.25) x (1.45) = 6.89m2
Weight of beam B2 = (0.250m x 0.400m) (4.75) x 23.56= 11.19 KN
Weight of beam B3 = (0.300m x 0.500m) (1.45) x 23.56= 3.42 KN
Parapet wall= (4.665) (3.5) = 16.33 KN
Assume column size = 0.400m x 0.400m
Height of column = 3.2m
𝐾𝑁
Weight of Column = (0.400 x 0.400 x 3.2) x 23.56 𝑚3 = 12.06KN

DL = (5.609)(6.89) + 11.19 + 3.42 + 16.33 + 12.06 = 𝟖𝟏. 𝟔𝟓𝐊𝐍

LL = (1.9 + 3.8)x 6.89m2 = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟐𝟕𝐊𝐍
Pu4th = 1.2DL + 1.6LL + PuRD = 1.2(81.65) + 1.6(39.27) + 437.67
Pu4th = 598.48KN

For Tied Column: Ø = 0.65

f’c = 21 MPa
fy = 415 Mpa
Ast = 0.020Ag
Pu = Ø0.80[0.85f’c(Ag-Ast)+fyAst]
Pu = 0.65(0.80)[0.85(21)(Ag − 0.020Ag) + 415(0.020Ag)]
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│82

= 0.52[17.85Ag − 0.357Ag + 8.3Ag]

= 0.52[25.793Ag]
Pu = 13.41Ag
Substitute the value of Pu:
Preliminary sizing of Column Schedule

Ag mm2 b (min)
Floors Pu x 1000 Column Of C-1
𝐀𝐠 = 𝐏𝐮⁄𝟏𝟑. 𝟒𝟏 Ag=b2

4th Floor 276,860

20645.79 143.69 400mm x 400mm

3rd Floor
437,670 32637.58 180.66 400mm x 400mm

2nd Floor 598,480

44629.38 211.26 400mm x 400mm

SUMMARY:

FOOTING TO
COLUMN 4TH 3RD 2ND GROUND
FLOOR

400mm x 400mm x 400mm x 400mm x

C1
400mm 400mm 400mm 400mm

400mm x 450mm x 450mm x 450mm x

C2
400mm 450mm 450mm 450mm

400mm x 450mm x 450mm x 450mm x

C3
400mm 450mm 450mm 450mm

500mm x 550mm x 550mm x 550mm x

C4
500mm 550mm 550mm 550mm

450mm x 500mm x 500mm x 500mm x

C5
450mm 500mm 500mm 500mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│83

BEAMS AND COLUMNS DEAD LOADS

ROOF

Beam – B6
• 300mm x 600mm, made of reinforced stone concrete 4.241 KN/m
(0.300) (0.600) (23.560)

Beam – B1, B3, B4, and B5

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete 3.534 KN/m
(0.300) (0.500) (23.560)

Beam – B2
• 250mm x 400mm, made of reinforced stone concrete 2.827 KN/m
(0.250) (0.400) (23.560)

FOURTH FLOOR

Beam – B6
• 300mm x 600mm, made of reinforced stone concrete 4.241 KN/m
(0.300) (0.600) (23.560)

Beam – B1, B3, B4, and B5

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete 3.534 KN/m
(0.300) (0.500) (23.560)

Beam – B2
• 250mm x 400mm, made of reinforced stone concrete 2.827 KN/m
(0.250) (0.400) (23.560)

Column – C1
• 400mm x 400mm, made of reinforced stone concrete, 12.063 KN/m
3.2m
(0.400) (0.400) (3.2) (23.560)

Columns – C2 and C3
• 400mm x 400mm, made of reinforced stone concrete, 12.063 KN/m
3.2m
(0.400) (0.400) (3.2) (23.560)

Column – C4
• 500mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete, 18.848 KN/m
3.2m
(0.500) (0.500) (3.2) (23.560)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│84

Column – C5
• 450mm x 450mm, made of reinforced stone concrete, 15.267 KN/m
3.2m
(0.450) (0.450) (3.2) (23.560)

THIRD FLOOR

Beam – B6
• 300mm x 600mm, made of reinforced stone concrete 4.241 KN/m
(0.300) (0.600) (23.560)

Beam – B1, B3, B4, and B5

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete 3.534 KN/m
(0.300) (0.500) (23.560)

Beam – B2
• 250mm x 400mm, made of reinforced stone concrete 2.827 KN/m
(0.250) (0.400) (23.560)

Column – C1
• 400mm x 400mm, made of reinforced stone concrete, 12.063 KN/m
3.2m
(0.400) (0.400) (3.2) (23.560)

Columns – C2 and C3
• 450mm x 450mm, made of reinforced stone concrete, 15.265 KN/m
3.2m
(0.450) (0.450) (3.2) (23.560)

Column – C4
• 550mm x 550mm, made of reinforced stone concrete, 22.806 KN/m
3.2m
(0.550) (0.550) (3.2) (23.560)

Column – C5
• 500mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete, 18.848 KN/m
3.2m
(0.500) (0.500) (3.2) (23.560)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│85

SECOND FLOOR
Beam – B6
• 300mm x 600mm, made of reinforced stone concrete 4.241 KN/m
(0.300) (0.600) (23.560)

Beam – B1, B3, B4, and B5

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete 3.534 KN/m
(0.300) (0.500) (23.560)

Beam – B2
• 250mm x 400mm, made of reinforced stone concrete 2.827 KN/m
(0.250) (0.400) (23.560)

Column – C1
• 400mm x 400mm, made of reinforced stone concrete, 12.063 KN/m
3.2m
(0.400) (0.400) (3.2) (23.560)

Columns – C2 and C3
• 450mm x 450mm, made of reinforced stone concrete, 15.265 KN/m
3.2m
(0.450) (0.450) (3.2) (23.560)

Column – C4
• 550mm x 550mm, made of reinforced stone concrete, 22.806 KN/m
3.2m
(0.550) (0.550) (3.2) (23.560)

Column – C5
• 500mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete, 18.848 KN/m
3.2m
(0.500) (0.500) (3.2) (23.560)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│86

APPENDIX C

SEISMIC ANALYSIS

DEAD LOADS

Roof Deck:
Slab = [(46x9.5) -(3.12x3.5)] (5.679) =2419.71kN
Parapet wall = (4.665x46) (2) +(4.665x9.5) (2) = 517.82kN
Longitudinal Beam
@Grid A & C =(B-5x5) (2) +(B-1x4.5) (8)
= [(3.534x5) (2) +(3.534x4.5) (8)] (2) =325.128kN
@Grid B =(B-5x5) (2)
= (3.534x5) (2) =35.34kN
@Grid D =(B-2x5) (2) +(B-2x4.5) (8)
= (2.827x5) (2) +(2.827x4.5) (8) =130.042kN
Transverse Beam
@Grid 1, 2, 4,6,8,10, &11 =(B-4x3.5) (2) +(B-3x2.5)
= [(3.534x3.5) (2) +(3.534x2.5)] (7) =235.011kN
@Grid 3,5,7&9 =(B-6x7) +(B-3x2.5)
= (4.241x7) +(3.534x2.5) =154.088kN
Total =3817.139kN
Fourth Floor:
Slab = [(46x9.5) -(3.12x3.5) (2)] (5.609) =2328.63kN
Column:
C-1, C-2, &C-3 = (12.063x27) =325.701kN
C-4 = (18.848x8) =150.784kN
C-5 = (15.267x5) =76.335kN
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│87

Longitudinal Beam:
@Grid A & C =(B-5x5) (2) +(B-1x4.5) (8)
= [(3.534x5) (2) +(3.534x4.5) (8)] (2) =325.128kN
@Grid B =(B-5x5) (2)
= (3.534x5) (2) =35.34kN
@Grid D =(B-2x5) (2) +(B-2x4.5) (8)
= (2.827x5) (2) +(2.827x4.5) (8) =130.042kN
Transverse Beam
@Grid 1, 2, 4,6,8,10, &11 =(B-4x3.5) (2) +(B-3x2.5)
= [(3.534x3.5) (2) +(3.534x2.5)] (7) =235.011kN
@Grid 3,5,7&9 =(B-6x7) +(B-3x2.5)
= (4.241x7) +(3.534x2.5) =154.088kN
CHB
CHB (exterior) = (4.665) [(2.5x2) +(5x2) +(4.5x8)] = 237.92KN
CHB (interior)= [(9.952x3.5)] (12) =417.98KN
STAIRS:

▪ Length of waist slab: 4 m

▪ VoL. of waist slab: Length of waist slab x width of stair x riser
▪ Volume of waist slab: 4 x 1.56x 0.2 = 1.25 m3
▪ Volume of landing: Length of landing x width of stair x riser
▪ Volume of landing: 3.12 x 1.25x 0.2 = 0.78 m3
▪ Volume of Steps: ½ x riser x run x width of stair x no. of steps
▪ Volume of Steps: ½ x 0.2 x 0.3 x 1.56 x 16= 0.7488m3
▪ Total volume: 1.25 + 0.78 + 0.7488 = 2.78 m3
▪ Unit Weight = 23.56 kN/m3
▪ Load: 2.78x 23.56 = 65.50kN
▪ Additional 40% total weight of stairs = 26.2kN
Total =4508.659Kn
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│88

3RD, 2ND, AND GROUND FLOOR:

Slab = [(46x9.5) -(3.12x3.5) (2)] (5.609) =2328.63kN
Column:
C-1 = (12.063x11) =132.693kN
C-2 & C-3 = (15.265x16) =244.24kN
C-4= (22.806x8) =182.448kN
C-5= (18.848x5) =94.24kN

Longitudinal Beam:
@Grid A & C =(B-5x5) (2) +(B-1x4.5) (8)
= [(3.534x5) (2) +(3.534x4.5) (8)] (2) =325.128kN
@Grid B =(B-5x5) (2)
= (3.534x5) (2) =35.34kN
@Grid D =(B-2x5) (2) +(B-2x4.5) (8)
= (2.827x5) (2) +(2.827x4.5) (8) =130.042kN
Transverse Beam
@Grid 1, 2, 4,6,8,10, &11 =(B-4x3.5) (2) +(B-3x2.5)
= [(3.534x3.5) (2) +(3.534x2.5)] (7) =235.011kN
@Grid 3,5,7&9 =(B-6x7) +(B-3x2.5)
= (4.241x7) +(3.534x2.5) =154.088kN
CHB
CHB (exterior) = (4.665) [(2.5x2) +(5x2) +(4.5x8)] = 237.92 kN
CHB (interior)= [(9.952x3.5)] (12) =417.98 kN
STAIRS

▪ Length of waist slab: 4 m

▪ Volume of waist slab: Length of waist slab x width of stair x
riser
▪ Volume of waist slab: 4 x 1.56x 0.2 = 1.25 m3
▪ Volume of landing: Length of landing x width of stair x riser
▪ Volume of landing: 3.12 x 1.25x 0.2 = 0.78 m3
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│89

▪ Volume of Steps: ½ x riser x run x width of stair x no. of steps

▪ Volume of Steps: ½ x 0.2 x 0.3 x 1.56 x 16= 0.7488m3
▪ Total volume: 1.25 + 0.78 + 0.7488 = 2.78 m3
▪ Unit Weight = 23.56 kN/m3
▪ Load: 2.78x 23.56 = 65.50kN
▪ Additional 40% total weight of stairs = 26.2kN
Total =4604.46kN

Total Seismic Loads

Floor beam Dead Load(kN) Storey height

Roof deck 3817.139kN

4th floor 4508.659kN 3.2 m

3rd floor 4604.46kN 3.2 m

2nd floor 4604.46kN 3.2 m

Ground floor 4604.46kN 3.2 m

Total 22139.178kN 12.80 m

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│90

Static Procedure

Table 208-7, Seismic Coefficient, Ca

Soil Profile Type Seismic Zone Z

Z=0.2 Z=0.4
SA 0.16 0.32Na
SB 0.20 0.40Na
SC 0.24 0.40Na
SD 0.28 0.44Na
SE 0.34 0.44Na
SF See Footnote I of Table 208-8

Table 208-8, Seismic Coefficient, Cv

Soil Profile Type Seismic Zone Z

Z=0.2 Z=0.4
SA 0.16 0.32Na
SB 0.20 0.40Na
SC 0.32 0.56Na
SD 0.40 0.64Na
SE 0.64 0.96Na
SF See Footnote I of Table 208-8
Site-specific geotechnical investigation and dynamic site response
analysis shall be performed to determine seismic coefficients

𝑉 = Design Base Shear

0.8𝑁𝑣1𝑊 𝐶𝑣1𝑊 2.5𝐶𝑎1𝑊
𝑉= < <
𝑅 𝑅𝑇 𝑅
2.5𝐶𝑎1𝑊
; 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (section 208-9)
𝑅
0.8𝑁𝑣1𝑊
; 𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = (section 208-11)
𝑅

𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 < 𝑉 < 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥

𝑇 = 𝐶𝑇 (ℎ𝑛) 3/4 (section 208-12)
ℎ𝑛 = 12.80𝑚 , 𝐶𝑇 = 0.0731
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│91

𝑇 = 0.0731(12.80)3/4 = 0.4947sec.
Nv = 1.6 -------------Corresponding to seismic source type less than 5km
from source to site)
𝐶𝑣 = .64𝑁𝑉 ----------------------- Corresponding to Soil Profile Type
𝐼 = 1.00 ----------------------------------------------STANDARD OCCUPANCY
𝑊 = 22139.178kN
𝑅 = 8.5
𝐶𝑣𝐼𝑊 0.64(1)(22139.178)
𝑉= =
𝑅𝑇 8.5(0.4947)
V = 3369.618kN
Ca = 0.44Na = 0.44(1.2) =0.53 ; Na= 1.2
2.5𝐶𝑎𝐼𝑊 2.5(0.53)(1)(22139.178)
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 = =
𝑅 8.5
𝑽𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 3451.107kN
0.8𝐶𝑎𝐼𝑊 0.8(0.53)(1)(22139.178)
𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = =
𝑅 8.5
Vmin =1104.354kN
1104.354𝑘𝑁 < 3369.618𝑘𝑁 < 3451.107𝑘𝑁 (OK)
𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 < 𝑉 < 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥
ADOPT V = 3369.618kN
Vertical Distribution of Base Shear
Floor Wx(kN) hx(m) Wxhx Fx
Roof Deck 3817.139kN 12.8 48859.38 1207.503
4th Floor 4508.659kN 9.6 43283.13 1069.693
3rd Floor 4604.46kN 6.4 29468.54 728.2812
2nd Floor 4604.46kN 3.2 14734.27 364.1406
Ground Floor 4604.46kN 0 0 0
22139.178kN 136345.30 3369.618

(𝑉−𝐹𝑡)𝑊𝑥ℎ𝑥
𝐹𝑥 = ∑𝑛
; Ft = 0.07TV ; T=0.4947< 0.7 ; Ft =0
𝑖 𝑊𝑖ℎ𝑖
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│92

Horizontal Distribution of Base Shear

Mark SIZE I ∆ Rrelative Rmodified

B H Ix Iy ∆x ∆y Rx Ry Rx Ry
C1 0.40 0.40 0.0021 0.0021 0.0648 0.0648 15.432 15.432 1 1

C2& 0.45 0.45 0.0034 0.0034 0.0405 0.0405 24.691 24.691 1.6 1.6
C3
C4 0.55 0.55 0.0076 0.0076 0.0186 0.0186 53.763 53.763 3.484 3.484

C5 0.50 0.50 0.0052 0.0052 0.0268 0.0268 37.313 37.313 2.417 2.417

1 1 𝐹ℎ3 1.2𝐹ℎ 1
Ix = 𝐵𝐻3 ; Iy = 𝐻𝐵3 ; ∆= + ;𝑅=
12 12 12𝐸𝐼 𝐴𝐺 ∆

Column Height = 3.2 m

Use F = 1000kN (Assume any value for computing relative rigidity, but
not for actual rigidity)

E = 2.1 x 107 kPa – – – – – – – (Reinforced Concrete)

Ec = 4730 √𝑓′𝑐 MPa – – – – – – (Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete)

G = 0.40 E – – – – – – (Shear Modulus)

=0.40 (2.1 x 107) = 8.4 x 106 kPa
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│93

Center of Mass
*Consider the slab mass, determine centroid
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│94

Center of Rigidity:
∑ Rx= 74.557m
∑ Ry= 76.557m
• Take summation of Moment of rigidities about Grid 1 :

74.557X = 6.617(5) + 7.968(9.5) + 6.617(14) + 7.968(18.5) + 6.617(23) +

7.968(27.5) + 6.617(32) + 7.968(36.5) + 6.617(41) + 4.8(46)
xr= 26.209m
• Take summation of Moment of rigidities about Grid A :

76.557𝑌 = 15.285(2.5) + 25.136(6) + 11(9.5)

yr = 3.834m
Eccentricities:
1. ex = xm - x = 23.0 – 23.0 = 0
ey = ym – y = 4.75 - 4.35 = 0.4
2. Accidental Eccentricity: (5% of dimension in consideration)
exaccidental = 5%(46) = 2.30m
eyaccidental = 5%(9.5) = 0.475m
3. Design Eccentricity:
edx = ex + exacc =0 + 2.30 = 2.30m
edy = ey + eyacc = 0.4 + 0.475 = 0.875m

Torsion Moment:

MT = F x edx ; F = 1.00kN (assumed)

= 1.00 (2.3m)
MT = 2.3 kN–m → per kN of force (along y-direction)
MT = F x edy ; F = 1.00kN (assumed)
= 1.00 (0.875m)
MT = 0.875m kN–m → per kN of force (along x-direction)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│95

Frame R R⁄/∑R d d2 Rd2 Rd2 ⁄∑R

2
Mt/d Tf Df HDF

North - South Direction (along y-direction)

1 4.8 0.064 23 529 2539.2 0.186 0.10 0.019 0.064 0.083
0
2 6.617 0.089 18 324 2143.908 0.157 0.128 0.020 0.089 0.109
3 7.968 0.107 13.5 182.25 1452.168 0.106 0.170 0.018 0.107 0.125
4 6.617 0.089 9 81 535.977 0.039 0.256 0.010 0.089 0.099
5 7.968 0.107 4.5 20.25 161.352 0.012 0.511 0.006 0.107 0.113
6 6.617 0.089 0 0 0 0 _ 0 0.089 0.089
7 7.968 0.107 4.5 20.25 161.352 0.012 0.511 0.006 0.107 0.113
8 6.617 0.089 9 81 535.977 0.039 0.256 0.010 0.089 0.099
9 7.968 0.107 13.5 182.25 1452.168 0.106 0.170 0.018 0.107 0.125
10 6.617 0.089 18 324 2143.908 0.157 0.128 0.020 0.089 0.109
11 4.8 0.064 23 529 2539.2 0.186 0.10 0.019 0.064 0.083
0
Total 74.55 ∑R𝑑 2
7 = 13665.2

East - West Direction (along x-direction)

A 25.13 0.328 4.75 22.56 567.131 0.587 0.184 0.108 0.328 0.436
6
B 15.28 0.200 1.25 1.56 23.883 0.025 0.700 0.017 0.200 0.217
5
C 25.13 0.328 2.25 5.06 127.251 0.132 0.389 0.051 0.328 0.379
6
D 11 0.144 4.75 22.56 248.188 0.257 0.184 0.047 0.144 0.191

Total 76.55 ∑𝑅𝑑2 2

7 = 966.452

Horizontal Distribution of Forces:

R MT Rd2
Fx = F (Σ𝑅) + (ΣRd2)
d

d = distance of frame from center of rigidity

(TF + DF) = Horizontal Distribution Factors (HDF)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│96

Frame Forces:
Frame Forces =Forces (HDF)
HDF Roof Deck 4th floor 3rd floor 2nd floor

1207.503 1069.693 728.281 364.140

6
Frame1&11 0.083 100.223 88.785 60.447 30.224
Frame2&10 0.109 131.618 116.597 79.383 39.691
Frame 3&9 0.125 150.938 133.712 91.035 45.518
Frame 4&8 0.099 119.543 105.900 72.100 36.050
Frame 5&7 0.113 136.448 120.875 82.296 41.148
Frame 6 0.089 107.468 95.203 64.817 32.409
Frame A 0.436 526.471 466.386 317.531 158.765
Frame B 0.217 262.028 232.123 158.037 79.019
Frame C 0.379 457.644 405.414 276.019 138.009
Frame D 0.191 230.633 204.311 139.102 69.551
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│97
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│98
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│99
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│100
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│101

APPENDIX D

Earthquake (Portal Method)

E- Force Resisting Structural Systems of Concrete Table 208-11

R - Numerical coefficient representative = 8.5 (208.11)

Ft=0.07TV= The concentrated force Ft, at the top which addition to Fn

(𝑉−𝐹𝑡)𝑊𝑥ℎ𝑥
𝐹𝑥 = ∑𝑛
= at each level designated as x the force Fx
𝑖 𝑊𝑖ℎ𝑖

T= elastic fundamental period of vibration of structure in the direction

under consideration

𝑇 = 𝐶𝑇 (ℎ𝑛) 3/4C

T= 0.0731 for reinforced concrete moment resisting force and

eccentrically braced force. (208.5.2.2)267

Zone Factor Z= 0.40

Seismic Importance Factor 1= 1.00

Na= Near source factor used in determination of Ca

Nv= Near source factor used in determination of Cv

Ca= Seismic coefficient, (table 208-7) =0.40Na

Cv= Seismic coefficient, (table 208-8) =0.56Nv

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│102

Column Shears (Longitudinal)

Roof deck Level:
From assumption (2), the total horizontal shear = 150.938KN
Let V = shear carried by each exterior column
2V = shear carried by each interior column
V + 9V(2V) + V = 150.938kN
20V = 150.938kN
V = 7.547kN (exterior column)
2V = 15.094kN (interior column)
4th Level:
Total Shear = 150.938+133.712= 284.650kN
V + 9(2V) + V = 284.650kN
20V = 284.650kN
V = 14.233kN (exterior column)
2V = 28.466kN (interior column)
3rd Level:
Total Shear = 150.938+133.712+91.035=375.685kN

V + 9V(2V) + V = 375.685kN

20V = 375.685kN

V = 18.784kN (exterior column)

2V = 37.569kN (interior column)

2nd Level:
Total Shear = 150.938+133.712+91.035+45.518=421.203kN
V + 9V(2V) + V = 421.203kN
20V = 421.203kN
V = 21.060kN (exterior column)
2V = 42.120kN (interior column)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│103

Column Moments
Since there is a point of infection (or hinge) at the midpoint of each
column, the column moment is equal to the column shear multiplied
by ½ of storey height

Mc = Vc (h/2); h/2 = 1.6 m

M45 = M34 7.547kN x 1.6 12.075kN-m M55 = M44

M34 = M23 14.233kN x 1.6 22.773kN-m M44 = M33

M23 = M12 18.784kN x 1.6 30.054kN-m M33 = M22

M12 = M1 21.060kN x 1.6 33.696kN-m M22 = M11

M46 to M54 = M35 to M43 15.094kN x 1.6 24.150kN-m

M35 to M43 = M24 to M32 28.466kN x 1.6 45.546kN-m

M24 to M32 = M13 to M21 37.569kN x 1.6 60.110kN-m

M13 to M21 = M1 to M10 42.120kN x 1.6 67.392kN-m

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│104
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│105

Girder Shears:

𝑀𝐺𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟
𝑉=
(1⁄2 𝐺𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛)

V45 = V46 12.075 4.830kN

0.5(5)
V54 = V55

V46 to V54 12.075 5.367kN

0.5(4.5)

V34 = V35 34.8480 13.939kN

0.5(5)
V43 = V44

V35 to V43 34.848 15.488kN

0.5(4.5)

V23 = V24 52.827 21.131kN

0.5(5)
V32 = V33

V24 to V32 52.827 23.479kN

0.5(4.5)

V12 = V13 63.750 25.500kN

0.5(5)
V21 = V22

V13 to V21 63.750 28.333kN

0.5(4.5)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│106
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│107

Column Shears (Transverse)

Roof Deck Level:
From the Assumption (2), the total horizontal shear = 526.471kN
Let V = shear carried by each exterior column
2V = shear carried by each interior column
V + 2V + 2V + V = 526.471kN
6V = 526.471kN
V = 87.745kN (exterior column)
2V = 175.490kN (interior column)
4th Level:
Total Shear =526.471+466.386=992.857kN

V + 2V+2V + V = 992.857kN

6V = 992.857kN

V = 165.476kN (exterior column)

2V = 330.952kN (interior column)

3rd Level:

Total Shear =526.471+466.386+317.531=1310.388kN

V + 2V+2V + V = 1310.388kN

6V = 1310.388kN

V = 218.398kN (exterior column)

2V = 436.796kN (interior column)

2nd Level:

Total Shear = 526.471+466.386+317.531+158.765=1469.153kN

V + 2V+2V + V = 1469.153kN
6V = 1469.153kN
V = 244.859kN (exterior column)
2V = 489.718kN (interior column)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│108

Column Moments
Since there is a point of infection (or hinge) at the midpoint of each
column, the column moment is equal to the column shear multiplied
by ½ of storey height

Mc = Vc (h/2); h/2 = 1.6 m

MQM = MMQ 87.745kNx 1.6 140.392kN-m MTP = MPT

MMI = MIM 165.476kNx 1.6 264.762kN-m MPL = MLP

MIE = MIE 218.398kNx 1.6 349.437kN-m MLH = MHL

MEA = MAE 244.859kNx 1.6 391.774kN-m MHD = MDH

MRN = MNR 175.490kNx 1.6 280.784kN-m MSO = MOS

MNJ = MJN 330.952kNx 1.6 529.523kN-m MOK = MKO

MJF = MFJ 436.796kNx 1.6 698.874kN-m MKG = MGK

MFB = MBF 489.718kNx 1.6 783.549kN-m MGC = MCG

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│109
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│110

Girder Shears:

𝑀𝐺𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟
𝑉=
(1⁄2 𝐺𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛)

VQR = VRQ 140.392 80.224kN

0.5(3.5)
VRS = VSR

VST = VTS 140.392 113.314kN

0.5(2.5)

VMN = VNM 405.154 231.517kN

0.5(3.5)
VNO = VON

VOP = VPO 405.154 324.123kN

0.5(2.5)

VIJ = VJI 614.199 350.971kN

0.5(3.5)
VJK = VKJ

VKL = VLK 614.199 491.359kN

0.5(2.5)

VEF = VFE 741.211 423.549kN

0.5(3.5)
VFG = VGF

VGH = VHG 741.211 592.969kN

0.5(2.5)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│111
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 112

SHEAR AND MOMENT

ONE-WAY SYSTEM:
𝑊𝑆
𝑊𝑢 =
2
𝐿
>2
𝑆

TWO-WAY SYSTEM:
Trapezoidal Load;
𝑊𝑆 𝑆 2
𝑊𝑢 = (3 − (𝐿) )
6

𝑊𝑆
Triangular Load; 𝑊𝑢 = 3
𝐿
<2
𝑆

Where;
L = long span
S = short span
W = total load at slab, kPa
Wu = equivalent uniform load, kN/m

ROOF DECK:
Transverse Section:
Slab Dead Load:
• Floor finish (25mm) on stone concrete fill
(0.023) (25) = 0.575 kPa
• Plumbing, Electrical = 1.500 kPa
• (150 mm) stone concrete fill
(.150) (23.56) = 3.534 kPa
• Bituminous, Smooth surface =0.070 KPa
TOTAL: 5.679 kPa

Slab Live Load:

• From NSCP 2015, 1.9 kPa and an additional of 1 kPa for rain load
W = 1.2 (DL) + 1.6 (LL)
W = 1.2 (5.679) + 1.6 (2.9)
W = 11.455 kPa

@ 3.5 m, GRID – 1 & 11

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 113

Parapet Wall

• 150mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 1.5m
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (1.5) = 4.665 kN/m

Beam –B4

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 KN/m

(11.455)(3.5) 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = [ + [(4.665 + 3.534)(1.2)]] = 23.203
3 𝑚

@ 3.5 m, GRID – 2 & 10

Beam –B4

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 KN/m

(11.455 )(4.5) 4.5 2

[( 6 ) (3 − ( 7 ) )]
(11.455 )(3.5) 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = ( )+ + [(3.534 )(1.2)] = 28.717
3 2 𝑚
([ ] )

@ 7 m, GRID – 3, 5, 7, & 9
Beam – B6

• 300mm x 600mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.600) (23.560) = 4.241 KN/m

(11.455)(4.5) 4.5 2 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = ([( ) (3 − ( ) )] + [(4.241)(1.2)]) (2) = 54.625
6 7 𝑚

@ 3.5 m, GRID – 4, 6, & 8

Beam –B4

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 KN/m

(11.455 )(4.5) 4.5 2

[([( ) − ( [(3.534)(1.2)]) (2)]
6 (3 7 ) )] + 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = = 26.464
2 𝑚
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 114

@ 2.5 m, GRID – 1 & 11

Beam –B3

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 KN/m

Parapet Wall

• 150mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 1.5m
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (1.5) = 4.665 kN/m

(11.455 )(2.5) 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = [ + [(3.534 + 4.665)(1.2)]] = 19.385
3 𝑚

@ 2.5 m, GRID –2, 3,4,5,6,7,8,9, & 10

Beam –B3

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 KN/m

(11.455 )(2.5) 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = [ + [(3.534)(1.2)]] (2) = 27.573
3 𝑚

Longitudinal Section:

@ 5 m, GRID – A
Parapet Wall

• 150mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 1.5m
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (1.5) = 4.665 kN/m
Beam –B5

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 KN/m
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 115

(11.455 )(3.5) 3.5 2 𝑘𝑁

𝑊𝑢 = (3 − ( ) ) + [(4.665 + 3.534)(1.2)] = 26.611
6 5 𝑚

@ 5 m, GRID – B, AT STAIRS
Stairs

• Assumed additional 40% for the total weight of the slab

(5.138 + (0.4)(5.138)) = 7.193 kN/m
Beam –B5

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 KN/m

(11.455 )(3.6) (11.455 )(3.5) 3.5 2 𝑘𝑁

𝑊𝑢 = + (3 − ( ) ) + (3.534 + 7.193)(1.2) = 50.263
2 6 5 𝑚

@ 5 m, GRID – B
Beam –B5

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 KN/m

(11.455 )(3.5) 3.5 2 𝑘𝑁

𝑊𝑢 = [ (3 − ( ) ) + [(3.534)(1.2)]] (2) = 42.026
6 5 𝑚

@ 5 m, GRID – C, AT STAIRS
Stairs

• Assumed additional 40% for the total weight of the slab

(5.138 + (0.4)(5.138)) = 7.193 kN/m
Beam –B5

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 KN/m

(11.455 )(3.6) (11.455 )(2.5) 2.5 2 𝑘𝑁

𝑊𝑢 = + [( ) (3 − ( ) )] + (3.534 + 7.193)(1.2) = 46.617
2 6 5 𝑚

@ 5 m, GRID – C
Beam –B5

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 KN/m
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 116

(11.455)(3.5) 3.5 2 (11.455 )(2.5) 2.5 2

𝑊𝑢 = [ (3 − ( ) )] + ([( ) (3 − ( ) )] + [(3.534)(1.2)])
6 5 6 5
𝑘𝑁
= 34.138
𝑚

@ 5 m, GRID – D
Parapet Wall

• 150mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 1.5m
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (1.5) = 4.665 kN/m
Beam – B2

• 250mm x 400mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.250) (0.400) (23.560) = 2.827 KN/m

(11.455 )(2.5) 2.5 2 𝑘𝑁

𝑊𝑢 = ([( ) (3 − ( ) )] + [(4.665 + 2.827)(1.2)]) = 22.116
6 5 𝑚

@ 4.5 m, GRID – A
Parapet Wall

• 150mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 1.5m
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (1.5) = 4.665 kN/m
Beam –B1

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 KN/m

(11.455 )(4.5) 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = [ + [(4.665 + 3.534)(1.2)]] = 27.021
3 𝑚

@ 4.5 m, GRID – C
Beam –B1

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 KN/m

(11.455)(4.5) (11.455)(2.5) 2.5 2 𝑘𝑁

𝑊𝑢 = [ ] + ([( ) (3 − ( ) )] + [(3.534)(1.2)]) = 34.269
3 6 4.5 𝑚
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 117

@ 4.5 m, GRID – D
Parapet Wall

• 150mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 1.5m
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (1.5) = 4.665 kN/m
Beam – B2

• 250mm x 400mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.250) (0.400) (23.560) = 2.827 KN/m

(11.455 )(2.5) 2.5 2 𝑘𝑁

𝑊𝑢 = ([( ) (3 − ( ) )] + [(4.665 + 2.827)(1.2)]) = 21.836
6 4.5 𝑚

FOURTH FLOOR
Transverse Section:
Slab Dead Load:
• Floor finish (25mm) on stone concrete fill
(0.023) (25) = 0.575 kPa
• Plumbing, Electrical = 1.500 kPa
• (150 mm) stone concrete fill
(.150) (23.56) = 3.534 kPa
TOTAL: 5.609 kPa

Slab Live Load:

From NSCP 2015, Classrooms = 1.9 kPa
Corridors above ground floor = 3.8 kPa
W = 1.2 (DL) + 1.6 (LL)
W = 1.2 (5.609) + 1.6 (5.7)
W = 15.851kPa

@ 3.5 m, GRID – 1 & 11

Beam –B4

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 KN/m
Walls and Partitions

• 100mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 3.2m
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (3.2) = 9.952 kN/m
(15.851 )(3.5) 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = + [(3.534 + 9.952)(1.2)] = 34.676
3 𝑚
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 118

@ 3.5 m, GRID – 1 & 11, AT STAIRS

Beam –B4

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 KN/m
Walls and Partitions

• 100mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 3.2m
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (3.2) = 9.952 kN/m

𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = (3.534 + 9.952 +)(1.2) = 16.183
𝑚

@ 3.5 m, GRID – 2 & 10

Beam –B4

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 KN/m
Walls and Partitions

• 100mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 3.2m (interior wall)
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (3.2) = 9.952 kN/m

(15.851 )(4.5) 4.5 2

[( ) (3 − ( ) )]
(15.851 )(3.5) 6 7
𝑊𝑢 = ( )+ + [(3.560 + 9.952)(1.2)]
3 2
([ ] )
𝑘𝑁
= 50.083
𝑚

@ 3.5 m, GRID – 2 & 10

Beam –B4

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 KN/m
Walls and Partitions

• 100mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 3.2m (interior wall)
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (3.2) = 9.952 kN/m
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 119

(15.851 )(4.5) 4.5 2

[( ) (3 − ( ) )]
(15.851 )(1.55) 6 7
𝑊𝑢 = ( )+ + [(3.534 + 9.952)(1.2)]
2 2
([ ] )
𝑘𝑁
= 43.844
𝑚

@ 7 m, GRID – 3, 5, 7, & 9

Beam – B6

• 300mm x 600mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.600) (23.560) = 4.241 KN/m

(15.851 )(4.5) 4.5 2 𝑘𝑁

𝑊𝑢 = ([( ) (3 − ( ) )] + [(4.241)(1.2)]) (2) = 71.682
6 7 𝑚

@ 3.5 m, GRID – 4, 6, & 8

Beam –B4

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 KN/m
Walls and Partitions

• 100mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 3.2m (interior wall)
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (3.2) = 9.952 kN/m

(15.851 )(4.5) 4.5 2

[([( ) − ( [(3.534 + 9.953)(1.2)]) (2)]
6 (3 7 ) )] + 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = = 46.936
2 𝑚

@ 2.5 m, GRID – 1 & 11

Walls and Partitions

• 150mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 1.5m (exterior wall)
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (1.5) = 4.665 kN/m

Beam – B3

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 KN/m
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 120

(15.851 )(2.5) 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = [ + [(4.665 + 3.534)(1.2)]] = 23.048
3 𝑚

@ 2.5 m, GRID –2, 3,4,5,6,7,8,9, & 10

Beam – B3

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 KN/m

(15.851 )(2.5) 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = [ + [(3.534)(1.2)]] (2) = 34.900
3 𝑚

Longitudinal Section:
@ 5 m, GRID – A
Beam – B5

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 KN/m
Walls and Partitions

• 100mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 3.2m (interior wall)
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (3.2) = 9.952 kN/m

(15.851 )(3.5) 3.5 2 𝑘𝑁

𝑊𝑢 = (3 − ( ) ) + [(3.534 + 9.952)(1.2)] = 39.392
6 5 𝑚

@ 5 m, GRID – B, AT STAIRS
Stairs

• Assumed additional 40% for the total weight of the slab

(5.138 + (0.4) (5.138)) = 7.193 kN/m
Beam – B5

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 kN/m
Walls and Partitions
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 121

• 100mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 3.2m (interior wall)
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (3.2) = 9.952 kN/m

(15.851 )(3.5) 3.5 2 (15.851 )(3.6) 𝑘𝑁

𝑊𝑢 = [ (3 − ( ) )+ + [(13.486 + 7.193)(1.2)]] = 76.555
6 5 2 𝑚

@ 5 m, GRID – C, AT STAIRS
Stairs

• Assumed additional 40% for the total weight of the slab

(5.138 + (0.4) (5.138)) = 7.193 kN/m
Beam – B5

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 kN/m

(15.851)(3.6) (15.851 )(2.5) 2.5 2 𝑘𝑁

𝑊𝑢 = + [( ) (3 − ( ) )] + (3.534 + 7.193)(1.2) = 59.567
2 6 5 𝑚

@ 5 m, GRID – D
Beam – B2

• 250mm x 400mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.250) (0.400) (23.560) = 2.827 KN/m
Walls and Partitions

• 150mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 1.5m (exterior wall)
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (1.5) = 4.665 kN/m

(15.851 )(2.5) 2.5 2 𝑘𝑁

𝑊𝑢 = [ (3 − ( ) ) + [2.827 + 4.665(1.2)]] = 26.588
6 5 𝑚

@ 4.5 m, GRID – A
Beam – B1

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 kN/m
Walls and Partitions
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 122

• 100mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 3.2m (exterior wall)
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (3.2) = 9.952 kN/m

(15.851 )(4.5) 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = [ + [(3.534 + 9.952)(1.2)]] = 39.960
3 𝑚

@ 4.5 m, GRID – C
Beam – B1

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 kN/m
Walls and Partitions

• 100mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 3.2m (exterior wall)
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (3.2) = 9.952 kN/m

(15.851 )(4.5) (15.851 )(2.5) 2.5 2 𝑘𝑁

𝑊𝑢 = [ ]+[ (3 − ( ) )] + [(3.534 + 9.952)(1.2)] = 57.735
3 6 4.5 𝑚

@ 4.5 m, GRID – D
Beam – B2

• 250mm x 400mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.250) (0.400) (23.560) = 2.827 KN/m
Walls and Partitions

• 150mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 1.5m (exterior wall)
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (1.5) = 4.665 kN/m
(15.851 )(2.5) 2.5 2 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = [ (3 − ( ) ) + [(2.827 + 4.665)(1.2)]] = 26.766
6 4.5 𝑚

THIRD FLOOR:
Transverse Section:
Slab Dead Load:
• Floor finish (25mm) on stone concrete fill
(0.023) (25) = 0.575 kPa
• Plumbing, Electrical = 1.500 kPa
• (150 mm) stone concrete fill
(.150) (23.56) = 3.534 kPa
TOTAL: 5.609 kPa
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 123

Slab Live Load:

From NSCP 2015, Classrooms = 1.9 kPa
Corridors above ground floor = 3.8 kPa

W = 1.2 (DL) + 1.6 (LL)

W = 1.2 (5.609) + 1.6 (5.7)
W = 15.851kPa

@ 3.5 m, GRID – 1 & 11

Beam –B4

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 KN/m
Walls and Partitions

• 100mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 3.2m
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (3.2) = 9.952 kN/m
(15.851 )(3.5) 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = + [(3.534 + 9.952)(1.2)] = 34.676
3 𝑚

@ 3.5 m, GRID – 1 & 11, AT STAIRS

Beam –B4

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 KN/m
Walls and Partitions

• 100mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 3.2m
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (3.2) = 9.952 kN/m

𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = (3.534 + 9.952 +)(1.2) = 16.183
𝑚

@ 3.5 m, GRID – 2 & 10

Beam –B4

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 KN/m
Walls and Partitions

• 100mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 3.2m (interior wall)
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (3.2) = 9.952 kN/m
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 124

(15.851 )(4.5) 4.5 2

[( 6 ) (3 − ( 7 ) )]
(15.851 )(3.5)
𝑊𝑢 = ( )+ + [(3.560 + 9.952)(1.2)]
3 2
([ ] )
𝑘𝑁
= 50.083
𝑚

@ 3.5 m, GRID – 2 & 10

Beam –B4

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 KN/m
Walls and Partitions

• 100mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 3.2m (interior wall)
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (3.2) = 9.952 kN/m

(15.851 )(4.5) 4.5 2

[( 6 ) (3 − ( 7 ) )]
(15.851 )(1.55)
𝑊𝑢 = ( )+ + [(3.534 + 9.952)(1.2)]
2 2
([ ] )
𝑘𝑁
= 43.844
𝑚

@ 7 m, GRID – 3, 5, 7, & 9

Beam – B6

• 300mm x 600mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.600) (23.560) = 4.241 KN/m

(15.851 )(4.5) 4.5 2 𝑘𝑁

𝑊𝑢 = ([( ) (3 − ( ) )] + [(4.241)(1.2)]) (2) = 71.682
6 7 𝑚
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 125

@ 3.5 m, GRID – 4, 6, & 8

Beam –B4

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 KN/m

Walls and Partitions

• 100mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 3.2m (interior wall)
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (3.2) = 9.952 kN/m

(15.851 )(4.5) 4.5 2

[([( ) − ( [(3.534 + 9.953)(1.2)]) (2)]
6 (3 7 ) )] + 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = = 46.936
2 𝑚

@ 2.5 m, GRID – 1 & 11

Walls and Partitions

• 150mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 1.5m (exterior wall)
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (1.5) = 4.665 kN/m

Beam – B3

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 KN/m

(15.851 )(2.5) 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = [ + [(4.665 + 3.534)(1.2)]] = 23.048
3 𝑚

@ 2.5 m, GRID –2, 3,4,5,6,7,8,9, & 10

Beam – B3

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 KN/m
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 126

(15.851 )(2.5) 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = [ + [(3.534)(1.2)]] (2) = 34.900
3 𝑚

Longitudinal Section:

@ 5 m, GRID – A
Beam – B5

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 KN/m

Walls and Partitions

• 100mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 3.2m (interior wall)
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (3.2) = 9.952 kN/m

(15.851 )(3.5) 3.5 2 𝑘𝑁

𝑊𝑢 = (3 − ( ) ) + [(3.534 + 9.952)(1.2)] = 39.392
6 5 𝑚

@ 5 m, GRID – B, AT STAIRS
Stairs

• Assumed additional 40% for the total weight of the slab

(5.138 + (0.4) (5.138)) = 7.193 kN/m
Beam – B5

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 kN/m
Walls and Partitions

• 100mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 3.2m (interior wall)
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (3.2) = 9.952 kN/m

(15.851 )(3.5) 3.5 2 (15.851 )(3.6) 𝑘𝑁

𝑊𝑢 = [ (3 − ( ) ) + + [(13.486 + 7.193)(1.2)]] = 76.555
6 5 2 𝑚
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 127

@ 5 m, GRID – C, AT STAIRS
Stairs

• Assumed additional 40% for the total weight of the slab

(5.138 + (0.4) (5.138)) = 7.193 kN/m
Beam – B5

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 kN/m

(15.851)(3.6) (15.851 )(2.5) 2.5 2 𝑘𝑁

𝑊𝑢 = + [( ) (3 − ( ) )] + (3.534 + 7.193)(1.2) = 59.567
2 6 5 𝑚

@ 5 m, GRID – D

Beam – B2

• 250mm x 400mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.250) (0.400) (23.560) = 2.827 KN/m
Walls and Partitions

• 150mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 1.5m (exterior wall)
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (1.5) = 4.665 kN/m

(15.851 )(2.5) 2.5 2 𝑘𝑁

𝑊𝑢 = [ (3 − ( ) ) + [2.827 + 4.665(1.2)]] = 26.588
6 5 𝑚

@ 4.5 m, GRID – A

Beam – B1

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 kN/m
Walls and Partitions

• 100mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 3.2m (exterior wall)
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (3.2) = 9.952 kN/m
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 128

(15.851 )(4.5) 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = [ + [(3.534 + 9.952)(1.2)]] = 39.960
3 𝑚

@ 4.5 m, GRID – C

Beam – B1

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 kN/m

Walls and Partitions

• 100mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 3.2m (exterior wall)
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (3.2) = 9.952 kN/m

(15.851 )(4.5) (15.851 )(2.5) 2.5 2 𝑘𝑁

𝑊𝑢 = [ ]+[ (3 − ( ) )] + [(3.534 + 9.952)(1.2)] = 57.735
3 6 4.5 𝑚

@ 4.5 m, GRID – D
Beam – B2

• 250mm x 400mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.250) (0.400) (23.560) = 2.827 KN/m
Walls and Partitions

• 150mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 1.5m (exterior wall)
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (1.5) = 4.665 kN/m
(15.851 )(2.5) 2.5 2 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = [ (3 − ( ) ) + [(2.827 + 4.665)(1.2)]] = 26.766
6 4.5 𝑚

SECOND FLOOR
Transverse Section:

Slab Dead Load:

• Floor finish (25mm) on stone concrete fill
(0.023) (25) = 0.575 kPa
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 129

• Plumbing, Electrical = 1.500 kPa

• (150 mm) stone concrete fill
(.150) (23.56) = 3.534 kPa
TOTAL: 5.609 kPa

Slab Live Load:

From NSCP 2015, Classrooms = 1.9 kPa
Corridors above ground floor = 3.8 kPa

W = 1.2 (DL) + 1.6 (LL)

W = 1.2 (5.609) + 1.6 (5.7)
W = 15.851kPa

@ 3.5 m, GRID – 1 & 11

Beam –B4

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 KN/m
Walls and Partitions

• 100mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 3.2m
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (3.2) = 9.952 kN/m
(15.851 )(3.5) 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = + [(3.534 + 9.952)(1.2)] = 34.676
3 𝑚

@ 3.5 m, GRID – 1 & 11, AT STAIRS

Beam –B4

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 KN/m
Walls and Partitions

• 100mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 3.2m
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (3.2) = 9.952 kN/m

𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = (3.534 + 9.952 +)(1.2) = 16.183
𝑚
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 130

@ 3.5 m, GRID – 2 & 10

Beam –B4

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 KN/m
Walls and Partitions

• 100mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 3.2m (interior wall)
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (3.2) = 9.952 kN/m

(15.851 )(4.5) 4.5 2

[( 6 ) (3 − ( 7 ) )]
(15.851 )(3.5)
𝑊𝑢 = ( )+ + [(3.560 + 9.952)(1.2)]
3 2
([ ] )
𝑘𝑁
= 50.083
𝑚

@ 3.5 m, GRID – 2 & 10

Beam –B4

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 KN/m
Walls and Partitions

• 100mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 3.2m (interior wall)
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (3.2) = 9.952 kN/m

(15.851 )(4.5) 4.5 2

[( 6 ) (3 − ( 7 ) )]
(15.851 )(1.55)
𝑊𝑢 = ( )+ + [(3.534 + 9.952)(1.2)]
2 2
([ ] )
𝑘𝑁
= 43.844
𝑚

@ 7 m, GRID – 3, 5, 7, & 9

Beam – B6

• 300mm x 600mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.600) (23.560) = 4.241 KN/m
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 131

(15.851 )(4.5) 4.5 2 𝑘𝑁

𝑊𝑢 = ([( ) (3 − ( ) )] + [(4.241)(1.2)]) (2) = 71.682
6 7 𝑚

@ 3.5 m, GRID – 4, 6, & 8

Beam –B4

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 KN/m
Walls and Partitions

• 100mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 3.2m (interior wall)
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (3.2) = 9.952 kN/m

(15.851 )(4.5) 4.5 2

[([( ) (3 − ( ) )] + [(3.534 + 9.953)(1.2)]) (2)]
6 7 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = = 46.936
2 𝑚

@ 2.5 m, GRID – 1 & 11

Walls and Partitions

• 150mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 1.5m (exterior wall)
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (1.5) = 4.665 kN/m

Beam – B3

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 KN/m

(15.851 )(2.5) 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = [ + [(4.665 + 3.534)(1.2)]] = 23.048
3 𝑚
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 132

@ 2.5 m, GRID –2, 3,4,5,6,7,8,9, & 10

Beam – B3

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 KN/m

(15.851 )(2.5) 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = [ + [(3.534)(1.2)]] (2) = 34.900
3 𝑚

Longitudinal Section:

@ 5 m, GRID – A
Beam – B5

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 KN/m
Walls and Partitions

• 100mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 3.2m (interior wall)
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (3.2) = 9.952 kN/m

(15.851 )(3.5) 3.5 2 𝑘𝑁

𝑊𝑢 = (3 − ( ) ) + [(3.534 + 9.952)(1.2)] = 39.392
6 5 𝑚

@ 5 m, GRID – B, AT STAIRS
Stairs

• Assumed additional 40% for the total weight of the slab

(5.138 + (0.4) (5.138)) = 7.193 kN/m
Beam – B5

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 kN/m
Walls and Partitions

• 100mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 3.2m (interior wall)
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (3.2) = 9.952 kN/m
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 133

(15.851 )(3.5) 3.5 2 (15.851 )(3.6) 𝑘𝑁

𝑊𝑢 = [ (3 − ( ) ) + + [(13.486 + 7.193)(1.2)]] = 76.555
6 5 2 𝑚

@ 5 m, GRID – C, AT STAIRS

Stairs

• Assumed additional 40% for the total weight of the slab

(5.138 + (0.4) (5.138)) = 7.193 kN/m
Beam – B5

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 kN/m

(15.851)(3.6) (15.851 )(2.5) 2.5 2 𝑘𝑁

𝑊𝑢 = + [( ) (3 − ( ) )] + (3.534 + 7.193)(1.2) = 59.567
2 6 5 𝑚

@ 5 m, GRID – D

Beam – B2

• 250mm x 400mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.250) (0.400) (23.560) = 2.827 KN/m
Walls and Partitions

• 150mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 1.5m (exterior wall)
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (1.5) = 4.665 kN/m

(15.851 )(2.5) 2.5 2 𝑘𝑁

𝑊𝑢 = [ (3 − ( ) ) + [2.827 + 4.665(1.2)]] = 26.588
6 5 𝑚

@ 4.5 m, GRID – A

Beam – B1

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 kN/m
Walls and Partitions
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 134

• 100mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 3.2m (exterior wall)
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (3.2) = 9.952 kN/m

(15.851 )(4.5) 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = [ + [(3.534 + 9.952)(1.2)]] = 39.960
3 𝑚

@ 4.5 m, GRID – C

Beam – B1

• 300mm x 500mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.300) (0.500) (23.560) = 3.534 kN/m
Walls and Partitions

• 100mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 3.2m (exterior wall)
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (3.2) = 9.952 kN/m

(15.851 )(4.5) (15.851 )(2.5) 2.5 2 𝑘𝑁

𝑊𝑢 = [ ]+[ (3 − ( ) )] + [(3.534 + 9.952)(1.2)] = 57.735
3 6 4.5 𝑚

@ 4.5 m, GRID – D

Beam – B2

• 250mm x 400mm, made of reinforced stone concrete

(0.250) (0.400) (23.560) = 2.827 KN/m
Walls and Partitions

• 150mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, plastered in both
faces, 1.5m (exterior wall)
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (1.5) = 4.665 kN/m
(15.851 )(2.5) 2.5 2 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = [ (3 − ( ) ) + [(2.827 + 4.665)(1.2)]] = 26.766
6 4.5 𝑚
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 135
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 136
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 137
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 138
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 139
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 140
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 141
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 142
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 143
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 144
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 145
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 146
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│147
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│148
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│149
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│150
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│151
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│152
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│153
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│154
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│155
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│156

APPENDIX E

SLAB DESIGN
I. Roof Deck Slab
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│157

Design Criteria

Materials:
• Compressive strength of
concrete, f’c = 21Mpa

• Yield strength
fy = 415Mpa (Grade 60)

• Modulus of elasticity for

concrete, E = 200,000Mpa

• Unit weight of concrete

= 23.56 kN/m3

• Capacity reduction factor

= 0.90

Loads for Roof Deck:

Dead Loads:
ROOF DEAD LOAD

Slab
• Floor finish (25mm) on stone concrete fill 0.575 kPa
(0.023) (25)
• Plumbing, Electrical 1.500 kPa
• (150 mm) stone concrete fill
(.150) (23.56) 3.534 kPa
• Bituminous, Smooth surface 0.070 KPa
TOTAL: 5.679 kPa
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│158

Live Load:

*USING DIRECT DESIGN METHOD

Typical Slab @mid cross-section

*Using Ø-12mm rebar;

*Effective depth, ‘d’:

Effective Depth:
d = t – cc – db
= 150 – 20 – 12

d = 118mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│159

A. Slab 1:
Design Data for Slab-1:
Long Span, La = 5.0m
Short Span, Lb = 3.5m
Beam 4: h = 500mm ; w = 300mm
Beam 5: h = 500mm ; w = 300mm
Based on preliminary sizing:
Slab thickness, t = 150mm
Column 2 @4th floor = 400mm x 400mm
Column 3 @4th floor = 400mm x 400mm
Column 5 @4th floor = 450mm x 450mm
*Design Calculations (By Direct Design Method, section 408.10)

La 5.0
= = 1.43 < 2.0
Lb 3.5
(Adopt section as two-way slab)
*Clear protective cover:
Cc = 20mm
*Using Ø-12mm rebar;
*Effective depth, “d”:
d = t – cc – db/2
= 150 – 20 – 12
d = 118mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│160

a. Slab 1 analysis along Long span column & middle strip:

*Static Moment: (NSCP 2015 section 408.10.3.2)

*By Interpolation:
Lb 3.5
= = 0.70
La 5.0

0.90 − 0.75 0.90 − 𝑥

=
0.5 − 1 0.5 − 0.70
x = 0.84
• For Negative Moment:
Column Strip along Long span = LN2/4 = 3.2/4 = 0.80m
DL = 5.679kPa x 0.80m strip = 4.54kN/m
LL = 2.9kPa x 0.80m strip = 2.32 kN/m

Wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(4.54) + 1.6(2.32) = 9.16 kN/m

1 1
Mo = (Wu Lb )(Ln1 )2 = (9.16)(3.5)(4.7)2 = 𝟖𝟖. 𝟓𝟑 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
8 8
Mn = 0.65Mo = (0.65) (88.53) = 57.54 kN-m
Mu = (x) (Mn) = (0.84) (57.54) = 48.34 kN-m
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│161

*Considering column strip and using 12mm:

Muactual = ∅f’cbd2ω(1-0.59ω) ; where: b = 875mm; d = 118mm; f’c = 21Mpa
48.34kN-m = (0.9) (21000kPa) (0.800m) (0.118m)2 (ω) (1-0.59ω)
−124.21ω2 + 210.53ω − 48.34 = 0
ω = 0.27386
ωf ′ c 0.27386(21)
𝜌= = = 0.01386
𝑓𝑦 415
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00509
𝑓𝑦 275
𝜌 > 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ; Use 𝜌 = 0.01386

➢ Area of Steel:
As = ρbd
= (0.01386) (800) (118)
As = 1308.20 mm2

➢ No. of Steel bar:

𝜋
Using ∅ − 12mm: A12mm = (12)2 = 113.10𝑚𝑚2
4
As 1308.20
N12mm = =
A12mm 113.10
= 𝟏𝟏. 𝟓𝟕𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟏𝟏 𝐩𝐜𝐬 𝐨𝐟 ∅𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐧 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐩

➢ Spacing of 12mm Bars:

* Spacing limits for Slab Reinforcement (NSCP 2015 407.7.2)

S < 3h = 3(150) = 450mm
S < 450mm
S shall not exceed the lesser of 5h and 450mm

(b)(Ab ) (800)(113.10)
S= = = 69.16mm < 450mm; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝐒 = 𝟕𝟎𝐦𝐦
As 1308.2

∴Use 11 pcs. ∅12mm Main Bars spaced @ 70mm O.C per column strip along
Long span
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│162

• For Positive Moment:

Middle Strip along Long span = Ln2/2 = 3.2/2 = 1.60m

DL = 5.679kPa x 1.60m strip = 9.04kN/m
LL = 2.9kPa x 1.60m strip = 4.64 kN/m

Wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(9.04) + 1.6(4.64) = 18.27 kN/m

1 1
Mo = (Wu Lb )(Ln1 )2 = (18.27)(3.5)(4.7)2 = 𝟏𝟕𝟔. 𝟓𝟕 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
8 8

Mp = 0.35Mo = (0.35) (176.57) = 61.80 kN-m

Mu = (x) (Mp) = (0.84) (61.80) = 51.91 kN-m

*Considering middle strip and using ∅-12mm:

Muactual = ∅f’cbd2ω(1-0.59ω) ; where: b = 1600mm; d = 118mm; f’c = 21Mpa
51.91 = (0.90) (21000) (1.60) (0.118)2 (ω) (1-0.59ω)
−248.42ω2 + 421.06ω − 51.91 = 0
ω = 0.13385
ωf ′ c 0.13385(21)
𝜌= = = 0.00677
𝑓𝑦 415
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00337
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜌 > 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ; Use 𝜌 = 0.00677

➢ Area of Steel:
As = ρbd
= (0.00677) (1600) (118)
As = 1278.77 mm2

➢ No. of Steel bar:

𝜋
Using ∅ − 12mm: A12mm = (12)2 = 113.10𝑚𝑚2
4
As 1278.77
N12mm = =
A12mm 113.10
N12mm = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟑𝟏𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟏𝟏 𝐩𝐜𝐬 𝐨𝐟 ∅ − 𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬 @𝐦𝐢𝐝𝐝𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐩
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│163

➢ Spacing of 12mm Bars:

* Spacing limits for Slab Reinforcement (NSCP 2015 407.7.2)

S < 3h = 3(150) = 450mm
S < 450mm
S shall not exceed the lesser of 5h and 450mm

(b)(Ab ) (1600)(113.10)
S= = = 141.51mm < 450mm; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝐒 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝐦𝐦
As 1278.77

∴Use 11 pcs. ∅12mm Main Bars spaced @ 140mm O.C @middle strip along
Long Span

b. Slab 1 analysis along Short span column & middle strip:

*Static Moment: (NSCP 2015 section 408.10.3.2)

• By Interpolation:
La 5.0
= = 1.43
Lb 3.5
0.75 − 0.45 0.75 − 𝑥
=
1.0 − 2.0 1 − 1.43
x = 0.62
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│164

• For Negative Moment:

Column Strip along short span = Ln1/4 = 4.7/4 = 1.175m

DL = (5.679kPa x 1.175m strip) = 6.673kN/m
LL = 2.9kPa x 1.175m strip = 3.41 kN/m

Wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(6.673) + 1.6(3.41) = 13.46 kN/m

1 1
Mo = (Wu La )(Ln2 )2 = (13.46)(5.0)(3.2)2 = 𝟖𝟔. 𝟏𝟒 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
8 8

Mn = 0.65Mo = (0.65) (86.14) = 56 kN-m

Mu = (x) (Mn) = (0.62) (56) = 32.71kN-m

*Considering column strip and using 12mm:

Muactual = ∅f’cbd2ω(1-0.59ω) ; where: b = 1175mm; d = 118mm; f’c = 21Mpa
32.71kN-m = (0.9) (21000kPa) (1.175m) (0.118m)2 (ω) (1-0.59ω)
−182.44ω2 + 309.22ω − 32.71 = 0
ω = 0.11336
ωf ′ c 0.11336(21)
𝜌= = = 0.00574
𝑓𝑦 415
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00337
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜌 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ; Use 𝜌 = 0.00574
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│165

➢ Area of Steel:
As = ρbd
= (0.00574) (1175) (118)
As = 795.34 mm2

➢ No. of Steel bar:

𝜋
Using ∅ − 12mm: A12mm = (12)2 = 113.10𝑚𝑚2
4
As795.34
N12mm = = = 𝟕. 𝟎𝟑𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟕 𝐩𝐜𝐬 𝐨𝐟 ∅𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐧 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐩
A12mm 113.10
➢ Spacing of ∅12mm Bars:

* Spacing limits for Slab Reinforcement (NSCP 2015 407.7.2)

S < 3h = 3(150) = 450mm
S < 450mm
S shall not exceed the lesser of 5h and 450mm

(b)(Ab ) (1175)(113.10)
S= = = 167.09mm < 450mm; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝐒 = 𝟏𝟕𝟎𝐦𝐦
As 795.34

∴Use 7 pcs. ∅12mm Main Bars spaced @ 170mm O.C per column strip
@Short span
• For Positive Moment:
Middle strip along short span = Ln1/2 = 4.7/2 = 2.35m
DL = (5.679kPa x 2.35m strip) = 13.35kN/m
LL = 2.9kPa x 2.35m strip = 6.82kN/m

Wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(13.35) + 1.6(6.82) = 26.93 kN/m

1 1
Mo = (Wu La )(Ln2 )2 = (26.93)(5.0)(3.2)2 = 𝟏𝟕𝟐. 𝟑𝟓 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
8 8

Mp = 0.35Mo = (0.35) (172.35) = 60.32 kN-m

Mu = (x) (Mp) = (0.62) (60.32) = 37.40 kN-m

*Considering middle strip and using ∅-12mm:

Muactual = ∅f’cbd2ω(1-0.59ω) ; where: b = 2350mm; d = 118mm; f’c = 21Mpa
37.40 = (0.90) (21000) (2.35) (0.118)2 (ω) (1-0.59ω)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│166

−364.88ω2 + 618.43ω − 37.40 = 0

ω = 0.06280
ωf ′ c 0.06280(21)
𝜌= = = 0.00318
𝑓𝑦 415
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00337
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜌 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ; Use 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337
➢ Area of Steel:
As = ρbd
= (0.00337) (2350) (118)
As = 934.50 mm2
➢ No. of Steel bar:
𝜋
Using ∅ − 12mm: A12mm = (12)2 = 113.10𝑚𝑚2
4
As 934.50
N12mm = = = 𝟖. 𝟐𝟔𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟖 𝐩𝐜𝐬 𝐨𝐟 ∅𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬 @𝐦𝐢𝐝𝐝𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐩
A12mm 113.10
➢ Spacing of ∅12mm Bars:

* Spacing limits for Slab Reinforcement (NSCP 2015 407.7.2)

S < 3h = 3(150) = 450mm
S < 450mm
S shall not exceed the lesser of 5h and 450mm

(b)(Ab ) (2350)(113.10)
S= = = 284.41mm < 450mm; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝐒 = 𝟐𝟖𝟎𝐦𝐦
As 934.50

∴Use 8 pcs. ∅12mm Main Bars spaced @ 280mm O.C per @middle strip along
short span

B. Slab 2
Design Data for Slab-2:
Long Span, La = 5.0m
Short Span, Lb = 2.5m
Beam 2: h = 400mm ; w = 250mm
Beam 3: h = 500mm ; w = 300mm
Beam 5: h = 500mm ; w = 300mm
Based on preliminary sizing:
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│167

Slab thickness, t = 150mm

Column 1 @4th floor = 400mm x 400mm
Column 2 @4th floor = 400mm x 400mm
Column 3 @4th floor = 400mm x 400mm

*Design Calculations (By Direct Design Method, section 408.10)

La 5.0
= = 2.0 ≤ 2.0
Lb 2.5
(Adopt section as two-way slab)
*Clear protective cover:
Cc = 20mm
*Using Ø-12mm rebar;
*Effective depth, ‘d’:
d = t – cc – db/2
= 150 – 20 – 12
d = 118mm

a. Slab 2 analysis along Long span column & middle strip:

*Static Moment: (NSCP 2015 section 408.10.3.2)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│168

*By Interpolation:
Lb 2.5
= = 0.50
La 5.0
0.75 − 0.45 0.75 − 𝑥
=
1.0 − 2.0 1 − 0.50
x = 0.90
• For Negative Moment:
Column strip along long span = Ln2/4 = 2.2/4 = 0.55m
DL = (5.679kPa x 0.55m strip) = 3.12kN/m
LL = (2.9kPa x 0.55m strip) = 1.6 kN/m
Wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(3.12) + 1.6(1.6) = 6.30 kN/m
1 1
Mo = (Wu Lb )(Ln1 )2 = (6.30)(2.5)(4.7)2 = 𝟒𝟑. 𝟒𝟗 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
8 8
Mn = 0.65Mo = (0.65) (43.49) = 28.27 kN-m
Mu = (x) (Mn) = (0.90) (28.27) = 25.44 kN-m

*Considering column strip and using 12mm:

Muactual = ∅f’cbd2ω(1-0.59ω) ; where: b = 550mm; d = 118mm; f’c = 21Mpa
25.44kN-m = (0.9) (21000kPa) (0.550m) (0.118m)2 (ω) (1-0.59ω)
−85.40ω2 + 144.74ω − 25.44 = 0
ω = 0.19917
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│169

ωf ′ c 0.19917(21)
𝜌= = = 0.01008
𝑓𝑦 415
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00337
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜌 > 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ; Use 𝜌 = 0.01008

➢ Area of Steel:
As = ρbd
= (0.01008) (550) (118)
As = 654.16 mm2

➢ No. of Steel bar:

𝜋
Using ∅ − 12mm: A12mm = (12)2 = 113.10𝑚𝑚2
4
As 654.16
N12mm = =
A12mm 113.10
N12mm = 𝟓. 𝟕𝟖𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟔 𝐩𝐜𝐬 𝐨𝐟 ∅ − 𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐧 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐩

➢ Spacing of 12mm Bars:

* Spacing limits for Slab Reinforcement (NSCP 2015 407.7.2)

S < 3h = 3(150) = 450mm
S < 450mm
S shall not exceed the lesser of 5h and 450mm

(b)(Ab ) (550)(113.10)
S= = = 95.09mm < 450mm; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝐒 = 𝟗𝟎𝐦𝐦
As 654.16

∴Use 6 pcs. ∅12mm Main Bars spaced @ 90mm O.C per column strip
along long span

• For Positive Moment:

Middle strip along long span = Ln2/4 = 2.2/2 = 1.1m

DL = (5.679kPa x 1.1m strip) = 6.25kN/m
LL = (2.9kPa x 1.1m strip) = 3.19 kN/m

Wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(6.25) + 1.6(3.19) = 12.60kN/m

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│170

1 1
Mo = (Wu Lb )(Ln1 )2 = (12.60)(2.5)(4.7)2 = 86.98 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
8 8

Mp = 0.35Mo = (0.35) (86.98) = 30.44 kN-m

Mu = (x) (Mp) = (0.90) (30.44) = 27.40 kN-m

*Considering middle strip and using ∅-12mm:

Muactual = ∅f’cbd2ω(1-0.59ω) ; where: b = 1100mm; d = 118mm; f’c = 21Mpa
27.40 = (0.90) (21000) (1.1) (0.118)2 (ω) (1-0.59ω)
−170.79ω2 + 289.48ω − 27.40 = 0
ω = 0.10078
ωf ′ c 0.10078(21)
𝜌= = = 0.00510
𝑓𝑦 415
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00337
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜌 > 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ; Use 𝜌 = 0.00510

➢ Area of Steel:
As = ρbd
= (0.00510) (1100) (118)
As = 661.98 mm2
➢ No. of Steel bar:
𝜋
Using ∅ − 12mm: A12mm = (12)2 = 113.10𝑚𝑚2
4
As 661.98
N12mm = =
A12mm 113.10
N12mm = 𝟓. 𝟖𝟓𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟔 𝐩𝐜𝐬 𝐨𝐟 ∅𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬 @𝐦𝐢𝐝𝐝𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐩

➢ Spacing of 12mm Bars:

* Spacing limits for Slab Reinforcement (NSCP 2015 407.7.2)

S < 3h = 3(150) = 450mm
S < 450mm
S shall not exceed the lesser of 5h and 450mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│171

(b)(Ab ) (1100)(113.10)
S= = = 187.94mm < 375mm; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝐒 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝐦𝐦
As 661.98

∴Use 6 pcs. ∅12mm Main Bars spaced @ 180mm O.C @middle strip along long
span

b. Slab 2 analysis along Short span column & middle strip:

*Static Moment: (NSCP 2015 section 408.10.3.2)

• By Interpolation:
La 5.0
= = 2.0
Lb 2.5
0.75 − 0.45 0.75 − 𝑥
=
1.0 − 2.0 1 − 2.0
x = 0.45
• For Negative Moment:

Column strip along short span = Ln1/4 = 4.7/4 = 1.175m

DL = (5.679kPa x 1.175m strip) = 6.6kN/m
LL = 2.9kPa x 1.175m strip = 2.9 kN/m
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│172

Wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(5.679) + 1.6(2.9) = 11.45 kN/m

1 1
Mo = (Wu La )(Ln2 )2 = (11.45)(5.0)(2.2)2 = 𝟑𝟒. 𝟔𝟒 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
8 8

Mn = 0.65Mo = (0.65) (34.64) = 22.51 kN-m

Mu = (x) (Mn) = (0.45)(22.51) = 10.13 kN-m

*Considering column strip and using 12mm:

Muactual = ∅f’cbd2ω(1-0.59ω) ; where: b = 1175mm; d = 118mm; f’c = 21Mpa
10.13kN-m = (0.9) (21000kPa) (1.175m) (0.118m)2 (ω) (1-0.59ω)
−182.44ω2 + 309.22ω − 10.13 = 0
ω = 0.03342

ωf ′ c 0.03342(21)
𝜌= = = 0.00169
𝑓𝑦 415
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00337
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜌 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ; Use 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337

➢ Area of Steel:
As = ρbd
= (0.00337) (1175) (118)
As = 467.25 mm2

➢ No. of Steel bar:

𝜋
Using ∅ − 12mm: A12mm = (12)2 = 113.10𝑚𝑚2
4
As 467.25
N12mm = = = 4.13𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟒 𝐩𝐜𝐬 𝐨𝐟 ∅𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝟏𝐦 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐩
A12mm 113.10

➢ Spacing of ∅12mm Bars:

* Spacing limits for Slab Reinforcement (NSCP 2015 407.7.2)

S < 3h = 3(150) = 450mm
S < 450mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│173

S shall not exceed the lesser of 5h and 450mm

(b)(Ab ) (1175)(113.10)
S= = = 284.41mm < 375mm; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝐒 = 𝟐𝟖𝟎𝐦𝐦
As 467.25

∴Use 4 pcs. ∅12mm Main Bars spaced @ 280mm O.C per column strip
along short span

• For Positive Moment:

Middle strip along short span = Ln1/2 = 4.7/2 = 2.35m

DL = (5.679kPa x 2.35m strip) = 13.35kN/m
LL = 2.9kPa x 2.35m strip = 6.82kN/m

Wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(13.35) + 1.6(6.28) = 26.07 kN/m

1 1
Mo = (Wu La )(Ln2 )2 = (26.07)(5.0)(2.2)2 = 𝟕𝟖. 𝟖𝟔 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
8 8
Mp = 0.35Mo = (0.35) (78.86) = 27.60kN-m
Mu = (0.45) (Mp) = (0.45) (27.60) = 12.42kN-m

*Considering middle strip and using ∅-12mm:

Muactual = ∅f’cbd2ω(1-0.59ω) ; where: b = 2350mm; d = 118mm; f’c = 21Mpa
12.42 = (0.90) (21000) (2.350) (0.118)2 (ω) (1-0.59ω)
−364.88ω2 + 618.43ω − 12.42 = 0
ω = 0.02033
ωf ′ c 0.02033(21)
𝜌= = = 0.00103
𝑓𝑦 415
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00337
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜌 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ; Use 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337

➢ Area of Steel:
As = ρbd
= (0.00337) (2350) (118)
As = 934.50 mm2
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│174

➢ No. of Steel bar:

𝜋
Using ∅ − 12mm: A12mm = (12)2 = 113.10𝑚𝑚2
4
As 934.50
N12mm = = = 𝟖. 𝟐𝟔𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟖 𝐩𝐜𝐬 𝐨𝐟 ∅𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬 @𝐦𝐢𝐝𝐝𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐩
A12mm 113.10

➢ Spacing of ∅12mm Bars:

* Spacing limits for Slab Reinforcement (NSCP 2015 407.7.2)

S < 3h = 3(150) = 450mm
S < 450mm
S shall not exceed the lesser of 5h and 450mm

(b)(Ab ) (2350)(113.10)
S= = = 284.41mm < 375mm; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝐒 = 𝟐𝟖𝟎𝐦𝐦
As 934.50

∴Use 8 pcs. ∅12mm Main Bars spaced @ 280mm O.C @middle strip along
short span

C. Slab 3

Design Data for Slab-3:

Long Span, La = 4.5m
Short Span, Lb = 2.5m
Beam 1: h = 500mm ; w = 300mm
Beam 2: h = 400mm ; w = 250mm
Beam 3: h = 500mm ; w = 300mm
Based on preliminary sizing:
Slab thickness, t = 150mm
Column 1 @4th floor = 400mm x 400mm
Column 3 @4th floor = 400mm x 400mm
Column 4 @4th floor = 500mm x 500mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│175

*Design Calculations (By Direct Design Method, section 408.10)

La 4.5
= = 1.80 < 2.0
Lb 2.5
(Adopt section as two-way slab)
*Clear protective cover:
Cc = 20mm
*Using Ø-12mm rebar;
*Effective depth, ‘d’:
d = t – cc – db/2
= 150 – 20 – 12
d = 118mm
a. Slab 3 analysis along Long span column & middle strip:
*Static Moment: (NSCP 2015 section 408.10.3.2)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│176

*By Interpolation:
Lb 2.5
= = 0.56
La 4.5
0.90 − 0.75 0.90 − 𝑥
=
0.5 − 1.0 0.5 − 0.56
x = 0.88
• For Negative Moment:
Column strip along long span = Ln2/4 = 2.2/4 = 0.55m
DL = (5.679kPa x 0.55m strip) = 3.12kN/m
LL = (2.9kPa x 0.55m strip) = 1.6 kN/m

Wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(3.12) + 1.6(1.6) = 6.30 kN/m

1 1
Mo = (Wu Lb )(Ln1 )2 = (6.30)(2.5)(4.2)2 = 𝟒𝟑. 𝟒𝟗 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
8 8
Mn = 0.65Mo = (0.65) (43.49) = 28.27 kN-m

Mu = (x) (Mn) = (0.88) (28.27) = 24.88 kN-m

*Considering column strip and using 12mm:

Muactual = ∅f’cbd2ω(1-0.59ω) ; where: b = 550mm; d = 118mm; f’c = 21Mpa
24.88kN-m = (0.9) (21000kPa) (0.55m) (0.118m)2 (ω) (1-0.59ω)
−85.40ω2 + 144.74ω − 24.88 = 0
ω = 0.19413
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│177

ωf ′ c 0.19413(21)
𝜌= = = 0.00983
𝑓𝑦 415
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00337
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜌 > 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ; Use 𝜌 = 0.00983

➢ Area of Steel:
As = ρbd
= (0.00983) (550) (118)
As = 637.74 mm2

➢ No. of Steel bar:

𝜋
Using ∅ − 12mm: A12mm = (12)2 = 113.10𝑚𝑚2
4
As 637.74
N12mm = =
A12mm 113.10
N12mm = 𝟓. 𝟔𝟒𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟔 𝐩𝐜𝐬 𝐨𝐟 ∅ − 𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐧 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐩

➢ Spacing of 12mm Bars:

* Spacing limits for Slab Reinforcement (NSCP 2015 407.7.2)

S < 3h = 3(150) = 450mm
S < 450mm
S shall not exceed the lesser of 5h and 450mm

(b)(Ab ) (550)(113.10)
S= = = 97.54mm < 375mm; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝐒 = 𝟗𝟎𝐦𝐦
As 637.74

∴Use 6 pcs. ∅12mm Main Bars spaced @ 90mm O.C per column strip along
long span

• For Positive Moment:

Middle strip along long span = Ln2/2 = 2.2/2 = 1.1m

DL = (5.679kPa x 1.1m strip) = 6.25kN/m
LL = (2.9kPa x 1.1m strip) = 3.19 kN/m

Wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(6.25) + 1.6(3.19) = 12.60 kN/m

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│178

1 1
Mo = (Wu Lb )(Ln1 )2 = (12.60)(2.5)(4.2)2 = 𝟖𝟔. 𝟗𝟖 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
8 8

Mp = 0.35Mo = (0.35) (86.60) = 30.44 kN-m

Mu = (x) (Mp) = (0.88) (30.44) = 26.79 kN-m
*Considering middle strip and using ∅-12mm:
Muactual = ∅f’cbd2ω(1-0.59ω) ; where: b = 1100mm; d = 118mm; f’c = 21Mpa
26.79 = (0.90) (21000) (1.1) (0.118)2 (ω) (1-0.59ω)
−170.79ω2 + 289.48ω − 26.79 = 0
ω = 0.09824
ωf ′ c 0.09824(21)
𝜌= = = 0.00497
𝑓𝑦 415
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00337
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜌 = 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ; Use 𝜌 = 0.00497

➢ Area of Steel:
As = ρbd
= (0.00497) (1100) (118)
As = 645.26 mm2

➢ No. of Steel bar:

𝜋
Using ∅ − 12mm: A12mm = (12)2 = 113.10𝑚𝑚2
4
As 645.26
N12mm = =
A12mm 113.10
N12mm = 𝟓. 𝟕𝟏𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟔 𝐩𝐜𝐬 𝐨𝐟 ∅ − 𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬 @𝐦𝐢𝐝𝐝𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐩

➢ Spacing of 12mm Bars:

* Spacing limits for Slab Reinforcement (NSCP 2015 407.7.2)

S < 3h = 3(150) = 450mm
S < 450mm
S shall not exceed the lesser of 5h and 450mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│179

(b)(Ab ) (1100)(113.10)
S= = = 192.81mm < 375mm; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝐒 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝐦𝐦
As 645.26

∴Use 6 pcs. ∅12mm Main Bars spaced @ 180mm O.C @middle strip along long
span

b. Slab 3 analysis along Short span column & middle strip:

*Static Moment: (NSCP 2015 section 408.10.3.2)

• By Interpolation:
La 4.5
= = 1.8
Lb 2.5
0.75 − 0.45 0.75 − 𝑥
=
1.0 − 2.0 1 − 1.8
x = 0.51
• For Negative Moment:
Column strip along short span = Ln1/4 = 4.2/4 = 1.05m
DL = (5.679kPa x 1.05m strip) = 5.97kN/m
LL = (2.9kPa x 1.05m strip) = 3.05 kN/m
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│180

Wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(5.97) + 1.6(3.05) = 12.04 kN/m

1 1
Mo = (Wu La )(Ln2 )2 = (12.04)(4.5)(2.2)2 = 𝟑𝟐. 𝟕𝟖 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
8 8

Mn = 0.65Mo = (0.65) (32.78) = 21.31 kN-m

Mu = (x) (Mn) = (0.51) (21.31) = 10.86 kN-m

*Considering column strip and using 12mm:

Muactual = ∅f’cbd2ω(1-0.59ω) ; where: b = 1050mm; d = 118mm; f’c = 21Mpa
10.86kN-m = (0.9) (21000kPa) (1.05m) (0.118m)2 (ω) (1-0.59ω)
−163.03ω2 + 276.32ω − 10.86 = 0
ω = 0.04026
ωf ′ c 0.04026(21)
𝜌= = = 0.00204
𝑓𝑦 415
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00337
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜌 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ; Use 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337

➢ Area of Steel:
As = ρbd
= (0.00337) (1050) (118)
As =417.54 mm2

➢ No. of Steel bar:

𝜋
Using ∅ − 12mm: A12mm = (12)2 = 113.10𝑚𝑚2
4
As 417.54
N12mm = =
A12mm 113.10
N12mm = 𝟑. 𝟔𝟗𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟑 𝐩𝐜𝐬 𝐨𝐟 ∅ − 𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐧 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐩
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│181

➢ Spacing of 12mm Bars:

* Spacing limits for Slab Reinforcement (NSCP 2015 407.7.2)

S < 3h = 3(150) = 450mm
S < 450mm
S shall not exceed the lesser of 5h and 450mm

(b)(Ab ) (1050)(113.10)
S= = = 284.42mm < 375mm; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝐒 = 𝟐𝟖𝟎𝐦𝐦
As 417.54

∴Use 3 pcs. ∅12mm Main Bars spaced @ 280mm O.C per column strip along
short direction

• For Positive Moment:

Middle strip along short span = Ln1/2 = 4.2/2 = 2.1m

DL = (5.679kPa x 2.1m strip) = 11.93kN/m
LL = (2.9kPa x 2.1m strip) = 6.09 kN/m

Wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(11.93) + 1.6(6.09) = 24.06 kN/m

1 1
Mo = (Wu La )(Ln2 )2 = (24.06)(4.5)(2.2)2 = 𝟔𝟓. 𝟓𝟎 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
8 8
Mp = 0.35Mo = (0.35) (65.50) = 22.93 kN-m
Mu = (x) (Mp) = (0.51) (22.93) = 11.69 kN-m

*Considering middle strip and using ∅-12mm:

Muactual = ∅f’cbd2ω(1-0.59ω) ; where: b = 2100mm; d = 118mm; f’c = 21Mpa
11.69 = (0.90) (21000) (2.1) (0.118)2 (ω) (1-0.59ω)
−326.06ω2 + 552.64ω − 11.69 = 0
ω = 0.02142
ωf ′ c 0.02142(21)
𝜌= = = 0.00108
𝑓𝑦 415
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00337
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜌 > 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ; Use 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│182

➢ Area of Steel:
As = ρbd
= (0.00337) (2100) (118)
As =835.09 mm2

➢ No. of Steel bar:

𝜋
Using ∅ − 12mm: A12mm = (12)2 = 113.10𝑚𝑚2
4
As 835.09
N12mm = =
A12mm 113.10
N12mm = 𝟕. 𝟑𝟖𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟕 𝐩𝐜𝐬 𝐨𝐟 ∅ − 𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝟏𝐦 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐩

➢ Spacing of 12mm Bars:

* Spacing limits for Slab Reinforcement (NSCP 2015 407.7.2)

S < 3h = 3(150) = 450mm
S < 450mm
S shall not exceed the lesser of 5h and 450mm

(b)(Ab ) (2100)(113.10)
S= = = 284.41mm < 375mm; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝐒 = 𝟐𝟖𝟎𝐦𝐦
As 835.09

∴Use 7 pcs. ∅12mm Main Bars spaced @ 280mm O.C per colum strip along
short span
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│183

D. SLAB 4
Design Data for Slab-3:
Long Span, La = 4.5m
Short Span, Lb = 2.5m
Beam 1: h = 500mm ; w = 300mm
Beam 4: h = 500mm ; w = 300mm
Beam 6: h = 600mm ; w = 300mm
Based on preliminary sizing:
Slab thickness, t = 150mm
Column 5 @4th floor = 450mm x 450mm
Column 3 @4th floor = 400mm x 400mm
Column 4 @4th floor = 500mm x 500mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│184

*Design Calculations (By Direct Design Method, section 408.10)

La 7.0
= = 1.56 < 2.0
Lb 4.5
(Adopt section as two-way slab)

*Clear protective cover:

Cc = 20mm

*Using Ø-12mm rebar;

*Effective depth, ‘d’:
d = t – cc – db/2
= 150 – 20 – 12
d = 118mm

a. Slab 4 analysis along Long span column & middle strip:

*Static Moment: (NSCP 2015 section 408.10.3.2)

*By Interpolation:
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│185

Lb 4.5
= = 0.64
La 7.0
0.90 − 0.75 0.90 − 𝑥
=
0.5 − 1.0 0.5 − 0.64
x = 0.86
• For Negative Moment:
Column strip along long span = Ln1/4 = 4.2/4 = 1.05m
DL = (5.679kPa x 1.05m strip) = 5.97kN/m
LL = (2.9kPa x 1.05m strip) = 3.05 kN/m

Wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(5.97) + 1.6(3.05) = 12.04 kN/m

1 1
Mo = (Wu La )(Ln2 )2 = (12.04)(4.5)(6.7)2 = 𝟑𝟎𝟒. 𝟎𝟐 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
8 8

Mn = 0.65Mo = (0.65) (304.02) = 197.61 kN-m

Mu = (x) (Mn) = (0.86) (197.61) = 169.95 kN-m

*Considering column strip and using 12mm:

Muactual = ∅f’cbd2ω(1-0.59ω) ; where: b = 1050mm; d = 118mm; f’c = 21Mpa
159.95kN-m = (0.9) (21000kPa) (1.05m) (0.118m)2 (ω) (1-0.59ω)
−163.03ω2 + 276.32ω − 169.95 = 0
ω = 0.27800
ωf ′ c 0.27800(21)
𝜌= = = 0.01407
𝑓𝑦 415
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00337
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜌 > 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ; Use 𝜌 = 0.01407
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│186

➢ Area of Steel:
As = ρbd
= (0.01407) (1050) (118)
As = 1742.96 mm2

➢ No. of Steel bar:

𝜋
Using ∅ − 12mm: A12mm = (12)2 = 113.10𝑚𝑚2
4
As 1742.96
N12mm = =
A12mm 113.10
N12mm = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟒𝟏𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟏𝟓 𝐩𝐜𝐬 𝐨𝐟 ∅ − 𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐧 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐩
➢ Spacing of 12mm Bars:

* Spacing limits for Slab Reinforcement (NSCP 2015 407.7.2)

S < 3h = 3(150) = 450mm
S < 450mm
S shall not exceed the lesser of 5h and 450mm

(b)(Ab ) (1050)(113.10)
S= = = 68.13mm < 450mm; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝐒 = 𝟕𝟎𝐦𝐦
As 1742.96

∴Use 15 pcs. ∅12mm Main Bars spaced @ 70mm O.C per column strip
along long span

• For Positive Moment:

Middle strip along long span = Ln1/2 = 4.2/2 = 2.1m

DL = (5.679kPa x 2.1m strip) = 11.92kN/m
LL = (2.9kPa x 2.1m strip) = 6.09 kN/m

Wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(11.92) + 1.6(6.09) = 24.05 kN/m

1 1
Mo = (Wu La )(Ln2 )2 = (24.05)(4.5)(6.7)2 = 𝟔𝟎𝟕. 𝟐𝟖 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
8 8

Mp = 0.35Mo = (0.35) (607.28) = 212.55 kN-m

Mu = (x) (Mp) = (0.86) (212.55) = 182.79 kN-m
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│187

*Considering 1m strip and using ∅-12mm:

Muactual = ∅f’cbd2ω(1-0.59ω) ; where: b = 2100mm; d = 118mm; f’c = 21Mpa
182.79 = (0.90) (21000) (2.1) (0.118)2 (ω) (1-0.59ω)
−326.06ω2 + 552.64ω − 182.79 = 0
ω = 0.45050
ωf ′ c 0.45050(21)
𝜌= = = 0.02280
𝑓𝑦 415
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00337
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜌 > 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ; Use 𝜌 = 0.02280

➢ Area of Steel:
As = ρbd
= (0.02280) (2100) (118)
As =5649.84mm2

➢ No. of Steel bar:

𝜋
Using ∅ − 12mm: A12mm = (12)2 = 113.10𝑚𝑚2
4
As 5649.84
N12mm = =
A12mm 113.10
N12mm = 𝟒𝟗. 𝟗𝟓𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟓𝟎 𝐩𝐜𝐬 𝐨𝐟 ∅ − 𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐩𝐞𝐫 @𝐦𝐢𝐝𝐝𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐩

➢ Spacing of 12mm Bars:

* Spacing limits for Slab Reinforcement (NSCP 2015 407.7.2)

S < 3h = 3(150) = 450mm
S < 450mm
S shall not exceed the lesser of 5h and 450mm

(b)(Ab ) (2100)(113.10)
S= = = 42.04mm < 450mm; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝐒 = 𝟒𝟎𝐦𝐦
As 5649.84

∴Use 50 pcs. ∅12mm Main Bars spaced @ 40mm O.C @middlt strip along long
span
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│188

b. Slab 4 analysis along Short span middle strip:

*Static Moment: (NSCP 2015 section 408.10.3.2)

*By Interpolation:

La 7.0
= = 1.56
Lb 4.5
0.75 − 0.45 0.75 − 𝑥
=
1.0 − 2.0 1 − 1.56
x = 0.58
• For Negative Moment:

Column strip along short span = Ln2/4 = 6.7/4 = 1.675m

DL = (5.679kPa x 1.675m strip) = 9.51kN/m
LL = 2.9kPa x 1.675m strip = 4.86kN/m

Wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(9.51) + 1.6(4.86) = 19.19 kN/m

1 1
Mo = (Wu La )(Ln2 )2 = (19.19)(7.0)(4.2)2 = 𝟐𝟗𝟔. 𝟐𝟎 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
8 8

Mn = 0.65Mo = (0.65) (296.2) = 192.52 kN-m

Mu = (x) (Mn) = (0.58) (192.52) = 111.67 kN-m

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│189

*Considering column strip and using 12mm:

Muactual = ∅f’cbd2ω(1-0.59ω) ; where: b = 1675mm; d = 118mm; f’c = 21Mpa
111.67kN-m = (0.9) (21000kPa) (1.675m) (0.118m)2 (ω) (1-0.59ω)
−259.30ω2 + 439.48ω − 111.67 = 0
ω = 0.31126

ωf ′ c 0.31126(21)
𝜌= = = 0.01575
𝑓𝑦 415
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00337
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜌 > 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ; Use 𝜌 = 0.01575

➢ Area of Steel:
As = ρbd
= (0.01575) (1675) (118)
As = 3113.09 mm2

➢ No. of Steel bar:

𝜋
Using ∅ − 12mm: A12mm = (12)2 = 113.10𝑚𝑚2
4
As 3113.09
N12mm = =
A12mm 113.10
N12mm = 𝟐𝟕. 𝟓𝟑𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟐𝟕 𝐩𝐜𝐬 𝐨𝐟 ∅ − 𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝟏𝐦 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐩

➢ Spacing of 12mm Bars:

* Spacing limits for Slab Reinforcement (NSCP 2015 407.7.2)

S < 3h = 3(150) = 450mm
S < 450mm
S shall not exceed the lesser of 5h and 450mm

(b)(Ab ) (1675)(113.10)
S= = = 60.85mm < 450mm; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝐒 = 𝟔𝟎𝐦𝐦
As 3113.09

∴Use 27 pcs. ∅12mm Main Bars spaced @ 60mm O.C per column strip
along short span
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│190

• For Positive Moment:

Middle strip along short span = Ln2/2 = 6.7/2 = 3.35m

DL = (5.679kPa x 3.35m strip) = 19.02kN/m
LL = 2.9kPa x 3.35m strip = 9.72kN/m

Wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(19.02) + 1.6(9.72) = 41.48 kN/m

1 1
Mo = (Wu La )(Ln2 )2 = (41.48)(7.0)(4.2)2 = 𝟔𝟒𝟎. 𝟐𝟒 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
8 8

Mp = 0.35Mo = (0.35) (640.24) = 224.09 kN-m

Mu = (x) (Mp) = (0.58) (224.09) = 129.97 kN-m
*Considering middle strip and using ∅-12mm:
Muactual = ∅f’cbd2ω(1-0.59ω) ; where: b = 3350mm; d = 118mm; f’c = 21Mpa
129.97 = (0.90) (21000) (3.35) (0.118)2 (ω) (1-0.59ω)
−520.14ω2 + 881.60ω − 129.97 = 0
ω = 0.16312
ωf ′ c 0.16312(21)
𝜌= = = 0.00825
𝑓𝑦 415
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00337
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜌 > 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ; Use 𝜌 = 0.00825

➢ Area of Steel:
As = ρbd
= (0.00825) (3350) (118)
As =3262.91 mm2

➢ No. of Steel bar:

𝜋
Using ∅ − 12mm: A12mm = (12)2 = 113.10𝑚𝑚2
4
As 3262.91
N12mm = =
A12mm 113.10
N12mm = 𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟓𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟐𝟖 𝐩𝐜𝐬 𝐨𝐟 ∅ − 𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬 @𝐦𝐢𝐝𝐝𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐩
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│191

➢ Spacing of 12mm Bars:

* Spacing limits for Slab Reinforcement (NSCP 2015 407.7.2)

S < 3h = 3(150) = 450mm
S < 450mm
S shall not exceed the lesser of 5h and 450mm

(b)(Ab ) (3350)(113.10)
S= = = 116.12mm < 450mm; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝐒 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝐦𝐦
As 3262.91

∴Use 28 pcs. ∅12mm Main Bars spaced @ 120mm O.C @middle strip along
short span

Summary (Roof Deck Slab):

Slab Along long span column & middle Along short span column & middle strip
section strip

Negative Moment Positive Moment Negative Positive Moment

(column strip) (middle strip) Moment (column (middle strip)
strip)

No. of No. of No. of No. of

∅12 Spacing ∅12 Spacing ∅12 Spacing ∅12 Spacing
Steel Steel Steel Steel
bar bar bar bar
S1 11pcs 70mm 11pcs 140mm 7pcs 170mm 8pcs 280mm
S2 6pcs 90mm 6pcs 180mm 4pcs 280mm 8pcs 280mm
S3 6pcs 90mm 6pcs 180mm 3pcs 280mm 7pcs 280mm

S4 15pcs 70mm 50pcs 40mm 27pcs 60mm 28pcs 120mm

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│192

II. Fourth to Second Floor Slab

4th to 2nd Floor Typical Framing Plan

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│193

Design Criteria
Materials:
• Compressive strength of
concrete, f’c = 21Mpa

• Yield strength
fy = 415Mpa (Grade 60)

• Modulus of elasticity for

concrete, E = 200,000Mpa

• Unit weight of concrete

= 23.56 kN/m3

• Capacity reduction factor

= 0.90

Loads For 4th to 2nd Floor:

Dead Loads:
FOURTH FLOOR
Slab
• Floor finish (25mm) on stone concrete fill 0.575 kPa
(0.023) (25)
• Plumbing, Electrical 1.500 kPa
• (150 mm) stone concrete fill
(.150) (23.56) 3.534 kPa
TOTAL: 5.609 kPa

Walls and Partitions

• 150mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, 4.665 kN/m
plastered in both faces, 1.5m (exterior wall)
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (1.5)
• 100mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit,
plastered in both faces, 3.2m (interior wall) 9.952 kN/m
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (3.2)
Stairs
• Assumed additional 40% for the total weight of the slab
(5.138 + (0.4)(5.138)) 7.193 kN/m
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│194

THIRD FLOOR
Slab
• Floor finish (25mm) on stone concrete fill 0.575 kPa
(0.023) (25)
• Plumbing, Electrical 1.500 kPa
• (150 mm) stone concrete fill
(.150) (23.56) 3.534 kPa
TOTAL: 5.609 kPa

Walls and Partitions

• 150mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, 4.665 kN/m
plastered in both faces, 1.5m (exterior wall)
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (1.5)
• 100mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit,
plastered in both faces, 3.2m (interior wall) 9.952 kN/m
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (3.2)

Stairs
• Assumed additional 40% for the total weight of the slab 7.193 kN/m
(5.138 + (0.4)(5.138))
SECOND FLOOR
Slab
• Floor finish (25mm) on stone concrete fill 0.575 kPa
(0.023) (25)
• Plumbing, Electrical 1.500 kPa
• (150 mm) stone concrete fill
(.150) (23.56) 3.534 kPa
TOTAL: 5.609 kPa

Walls and Partitions

• 150mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, 4.665 kN/m
plastered in both faces, 1.5m (exterior wall)
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (1.5)
• 100mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit,
plastered in both faces, 3.2m (interior wall) 9.952 kN/m
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (3.2)

Stairs
• Assumed additional 40% for the total weight of the slab 7.193 kN/m
(5.138 + (0.4)(5.138))
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│195

Live Loads:
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS LIVE LOADS
FOURTH FLOOR
Classrooms 1.9 kPa
Corridors above ground floor 3.8 kPa
THIRD FLOOR
Classrooms 1.9 kPa
Corridors above ground floor 3.8 kPa
SECOND FLOOR
Classrooms 1.9 kPa
Corridors above ground floor 1.8 kPa

Typical Slab cross-section

*Using Ø-12mm rebar;

*Effective depth, ‘d’:

Effective Depth:
d = t – cc – db
= 150 – 20 – 12

d = 118mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│196

A. Slab 1
Design Data for Slab-1:
Long Span, La = 5.0m
Short Span, Lb = 3.5m
Beam 4: h = 500mm ; w = 300mm
Beam 5: h = 500mm ; w = 300mm
Based on preliminary sizing:
Slab thickness, t = 150mm
Column 2 @3rd floor = 450mm x 450mm
Column 3 @3rd floor = 450mm x 450mm
Column 5 @3rd floor = 500mm x 500mm
*Design Calculations (By Direct Design Method, section 408.10)

La 5.0
= = 1.43 < 2.0
Lb 3.5
(Adopt section as two-way slab)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│197

a. Slab 1 analysis along Long span column & middle strip:

*Static Moment: (NSCP 2015 section 408.10.3.2)

*By Interpolation:
Lb 3.5
= = 0.70
La 5.0

0.90 − 0.75 0.90 − 𝑥

=
0.5 − 1.0 0.5 − 0.70
x = 0.84
• For Negative Moment:
Column Strip along Long span = LN2/4 = 3.2/4 = 0.80m
DL = 5.609kPa x 0.80m strip = 4.49kN/m
LL = 2.9kPa x 0.80m strip = 2.32 kN/m

Wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(4.49) + 1.6(2.32) = 9.10 kN/m

1 1
Mo = (Wu Lb )(Ln1 )2 = (9.10)(3.5)(4.7)2 = 𝟖𝟕. 𝟗𝟓 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
8 8
Mn = 0.65Mo = (0.65) (87.95) = 57.17 kN-m

Mu = (x) (Mn) = (0.84) (57.17) = 48.02 kN-m

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│198

*Considering column strip and using 12mm:

Muactual = ∅f’cbd2ω(1-0.59ω) ; where: b = 800mm; d = 118mm; f’c = 21Mpa
48.02kN-m = (0.9) (21000kPa) (0.8m) (0.118m)2 (ω) (1-0.59ω)
−124.21ω2 + 210.53ω − 48.02 = 0
ω = 0.27162

ωf ′ c 0.27162(21)
𝜌= = = 0.01374
𝑓𝑦 415
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00337
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜌 > 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ; Use 𝜌 = 0.01374

➢ Area of Steel:
As = ρbd
= (0.01374) (800) (118)
As = 1297.06 mm2

➢ No. of Steel bar:

𝜋
Using ∅ − 12mm: A12mm = (12)2 = 113.10𝑚𝑚2
4
As 1297.06
N12mm = =
A12mm 113.10
= 𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟓𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟏𝟏 𝐩𝐜𝐬 𝐨𝐟 ∅ − 𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐧 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐩

➢ Spacing of 12mm Bars:

* Spacing limits for Slab Reinforcement (NSCP 2015 407.7.2)

S < 3h = 3(150) = 450mm
S < 450mm
S shall not exceed the lesser of 5h and 450mm

(b)(Ab ) (800)(113.10)
S= = = 69.76mm < 450mm; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝐒 = 𝟕𝟎𝐦𝐦
As 1297.06

∴Use 11 pcs. ∅12mm Main Bars spaced @ 70mm O.C per 1m strip
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│199

• For Positive Moment:

Middle Strip along Long span = LN2/2 = 3.2/2 = 1.60m

DL = 5.609kPa x 1.6m strip = 8.97kN/m
LL = 2.9kPa x 1.6m strip = 4.64 kN/m

Wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(8.97) + 1.6(4.64) = 18.19 kN/m

1 1
Mo = (Wu Lb )(Ln1 )2 = (18.19)(3.5)(4.7)2 = 𝟏𝟕𝟓. 𝟕𝟗𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
8 8

Mp = 0.35Mo = (0.35) (175.79) = 61.53 kN-m

Mu = (x) (Mp) = (0.84) (61.53) = 51.68 kN-m

*Considering middle strip and using ∅-12mm:

Muactual = ∅f’cbd2ω(1-0.59ω) ; where: b = 1600mm; d = 118mm; f’c = 21Mpa
51.68 = (0.90) (21000) (1.6) (0.118)2 (ω) (1-0.59ω)
−248.43ω2 + 421.06ω − 51.68 = 0
ω = 0.13321
ωf ′ c 0.13321(21)
𝜌= = = 0.00674
𝑓𝑦 415
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00337
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜌 > 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ; Use 𝜌= 0.00674

➢ Area of Steel:
As = ρbd
= (0.00574) (1600) (118)
As = 1272.65 mm2

➢ No. of Steel bar:

𝜋
Using ∅ − 12mm: A12mm = (12)2 = 113.10𝑚𝑚2
4
As 1272.65
N12mm = =
A12mm 113.10
N12mm = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟐𝟓𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟏𝟏 𝐩𝐜𝐬 𝐨𝐟 ∅ − 𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬 @𝐦𝐢𝐝𝐝𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐩
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│200

➢ Spacing of 12mm Bars:

* Spacing limits for Slab Reinforcement (NSCP 2015 407.7.2)

S < 3h = 3(150) = 450mm
S < 450mm
S shall not exceed the lesser of 5h and 450mm

(b)(Ab ) (1600)(113.10)
S= = = 142.19mm < 450mm; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝐒 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝐦𝐦
As 1272.65

∴Use 11 pcs. ∅12mm Main Bars spaced @ 140mm O.C @middle strip
along long span

b. Slab 1 analysis along short span middle strip:

*Static Moment: (NSCP 2015 section 408.10.3.2)

*By Interpolation:
La 5.0
= = 1.43
Lb 3.5

0.75 − 0.45 0.75 − 𝑥

=
1.0 − 2.0 1 − 1.43
x = 0.62
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│201

• For Negative Moment:

Column strip along short span = Ln1/4 = 4.7/4 = 1.175

DL = (5.609kPa x 1.175m strip) = 6.59kN/m
LL = 1.9kPa x 1.175m strip = 2.23kN/m

Wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(6.59) + 1.6(2.23) = 11.48 kN/m

1 1
Mo = (Wu La )(Ln2 )2 = (11.48)(5.0)(3.20)2 = 𝟕𝟑. 𝟒𝟕 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
8 8

Mn = 0.65Mo = (0.65) (73.47) = 47.76 kN-m

Mu = (x) (Mn) = 0.62(47.76) = 29.61 kN-m

*Considering solumn strip and using 12mm:

Muactual = ∅f’cbd2ω(1-0.59ω) ; where: b = 1175mm; d = 118mm; f’c = 21Mpa
29.61kN-m = (0.9) (21000kPa) (1.175m) (0.118m)2 (ω) (1-0.59ω)
−182.44ω2 + 309.22ω − 29.61 = 0
ω = 0.10188

ωf ′ c 0.10188(21)
𝜌= = = 0.00516
𝑓𝑦 415
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00337
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜌 > 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ; Use 𝜌 = 0.00516

➢ Area of Steel:
As = ρbd
= (0.00516) (1175) (118)
As = 715.43 mm2

➢ No. of Steel bar:

𝜋
Using ∅ − 12mm: A12mm = (12)2 = 113.10𝑚𝑚2
4
As 715.43
N12mm = = = 𝟔. 𝟑𝟑𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟕 𝐩𝐜𝐬 𝐨𝐟 ∅𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝟏𝐦 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐩
A12mm 113.10
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│202

➢ Spacing of ∅12mm Bars:

* Spacing limits for Slab Reinforcement (NSCP 2015 407.7.2)

S < 3h = 3(150) = 450mm
S < 450mm
S shall not exceed the lesser of 5h and 450mm

(b)(Ab ) (1175)(113.10)
S= = = 185.92mm < 450mm; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝐒 = 𝟏𝟕𝟎𝐦𝐦
As 715.43

∴Use 7 pcs. ∅12mm Main Bars spaced @ 170mm O.C per 1m strip

• For Positive Moment:

Middle strip along short span = Ln1/2 = 4.7/2 = 2.35

DL = (5.609kPa x 2.35m strip) = 13.18kN/m
LL = (1.9kPa x 2.35m strip) = 4.47kN/m

Wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(13.18) + 1.6(4.47) = 22.97 kN/m

1 1
Mo = (Wu La )(Ln2 )2 = (22.97)(5.0)(3.20)2 = 𝟏𝟒𝟕. 𝟎𝟏 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
8 8
Mp = 0.35Mo = (0.35) (147.01) = 51.45 kN-m
Mu = (x) (Mp) = (0.62) (51.45) = 31.90 kN-m
*Considering middle strip and using ∅-12mm:
Muactual = ∅f’cbd2ω(1-0.59ω) ; where: b = 2350mm; d = 118mm; f’c = 21Mpa
31.9 = (0.90) (21000) (2.35) (0.118)2 (ω) (1-0.59ω)
−364.88ω2 + 618.43ω − 31.9 = 0
ω = 0.05323

ωf ′ c 0.05323(21)
𝜌= = = 0.00269
𝑓𝑦 415
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00337
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜌 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ; Use 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│203

➢ Area of Steel:
As = ρbd
= (0.00337) (2350) (118)
As = 934.50mm2

➢ No. of Steel bar:

𝜋
Using ∅ − 12mm: A12mm = (12)2 = 113.10𝑚𝑚2
4
As 934.50
N12mm = = = 𝟖. 𝟐𝟔𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟖 𝐩𝐜𝐬 𝐨𝐟 ∅𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝟏𝐦 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐩
A12mm 113.10

➢ Spacing of ∅12mm Bars:

* Spacing limits for Slab Reinforcement (NSCP 2015 407.7.2)

S < 3h = 3(150) = 450mm
S < 450mm
S shall not exceed the lesser of 5h and 450mm

(b)(Ab ) (2350)(113.10)
S= = = 284.41mm < 450mm; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝐒 = 𝟐𝟖𝟎𝐦𝐦
As 934.50

∴Use 8 pcs. ∅12mm Main Bars spaced @ 280mm O.C @middle strip along
short span

B. Slab 2
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│204

Design Data for Slab-2:

Long Span, La = 5.0m
Short Span, Lb = 2.5m
Beam 2: h = 400mm ; w = 250mm
Beam 3: h = 500mm ; w = 300mm
Beam 5: h = 500mm ; w = 300mm
Based on preliminary sizing:
Slab thickness, t = 150mm
Column 1 @3RD floor = 400mm x 400mm
Column 2 @3RD floor = 450mm x 450mm
Column 3 @3RD floor = 450mm x 450mm

*Design Calculations (By Direct Design Method, section 408.10)

La 5.0
= = 2.0 ≤ 2.0
Lb 2.5
(Adopt section as two-way slab)

*Clear protective cover:

Cc = 20mm
*Using Ø-12mm rebar;
*Effective depth, ‘d’:
d = t – cc – db/2
= 150 – 20 – 12
d = 118mm

a. Slab 2 analysis along Long span column & middle strip:

*Static Moment: (NSCP 2015 section 408.10.3.2)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│205

*By Interpolation:
Lb 2.5
= = 0.50
La 5.0

0.75 − 0.45 0.75 − 𝑥

=
1.0 − 2.0 1 − 0.50
x = 0.90

• For Negative Moment:

Column strip along long span = Ln2/4 = 2.2/4 = 0.55m
DL = (5.609kPa x 0.55m strip) = 3.08kN/m
Corridor LL = (3.8kPa x 0.55m strip) = 2.09 kN/m
Wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(3.08) + 1.6(2.09) = 7.04 kN/m

1 1
Mo = (Wu Lb )(Ln1 )2 = (7.04)(2.5)(4.7)2 = 𝟒𝟖. 𝟔𝟎 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
8 8
Mn = 0.65Mo = (0.65) (48.60) = 31.59 kN-m
Mu = (x) (Mn) = (0.90) (31.59) = 28.43 kN-m
*Considering column strip and using 12mm:
Muactual = ∅f’cbd2ω(1-0.59ω) ; where: b = 550mm; d = 118mm; f’c = 21Mpa
28.43kN-m = (0.9) (21000kPa) (0.55m) (0.118m)2 (ω) (1-0.59ω)
−85.40ω2 + 144.74ω − 28.43 = 0
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│206

ω = 0.22676
ωf ′ c 0.22676(21)
𝜌= = = 0.01147
𝑓𝑦 415
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00337
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜌 > 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ; Use 𝜌 = 0.01147

➢ Area of Steel:
As = ρbd
= (0.01147) (550) (118)
As = 744.40 mm2

➢ No. of Steel bar:

𝜋
Using ∅ − 12mm: A12mm = (12)2 = 113.10𝑚𝑚2
4
As 744.40
N12mm = =
A12mm 113.10
N12mm = 𝟔. 𝟓𝟖𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟔 𝐩𝐜𝐬 𝐨𝐟 ∅ − 𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐧 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐩

➢ Spacing of 12mm Bars:

* Spacing limits for Slab Reinforcement (NSCP 2015 407.7.2)

S < 3h = 3(150) = 450mm
S < 450mm
S shall not exceed the lesser of 5h and 450mm

(b)(Ab ) (550)(113.10)
S= = = 83.56mm < 450mm; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝐒 = 𝟗𝟎𝐦𝐦
As 744.40
∴Use 6 pcs. ∅12mm Main Bars spaced @ 90mm O.C per column strip along
long span

• For Positive Moment:

Middle strip along long span = Ln2/4 = 2.2/2 = 1.1m
DL = (5.609kPa x 1.1m strip) = 6.17kN/m
Corridor LL = (3.8kPa x 1.1m strip) = 4.18kN/m
Wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(6.17) + 1.6(4.18) = 14.09 kN/m
1 1
Mo = (Wu Lb )(Ln1 )2 = (14.09)(2.5)(4.7)2 = 𝟗𝟕. 𝟐𝟕𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
8 8
Mp = 0.35Mo = (0.35) (97.27) = 34.04kN-m
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│207

Mu = (x) (Mp) = (0.90) (34.04) = 30.64 kN-m

*Considering middle strip and using ∅-12mm:
Muactual = ∅f’cbd2ω(1-0.59ω) ; where: b = 1100mm; d = 118mm; f’c = 21Mpa
30.64 = (0.90) (21000) (1.1) (0.118)2 (ω) (1-0.59ω)
−170.79ω2 + 289.48ω − 30.64 = 0
ω = 0.11344
ωf ′ c 0.11344(21)
𝜌= = = 0.00574
𝑓𝑦 415
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00337
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜌 > 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ; Use 𝜌 = 0.00574

➢ Area of Steel:
As = ρbd
= (0.00574) (1100) (118)
As = 745.10 mm2

➢ No. of Steel bar:

𝜋
Using ∅ − 12mm: A12mm = (12)2 = 113.10𝑚𝑚2
4
As 745.10
N12mm = =
A12mm 113.10
N12mm = 𝟔. 𝟓𝟗𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟔 𝐩𝐜𝐬 𝐨𝐟 ∅ − 𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬 @𝐦𝐢𝐝𝐝𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐩

➢ Spacing of 12mm Bars:

* Spacing limits for Slab Reinforcement (NSCP 2015 407.7.2)

S < 3h = 3(150) = 450mm
S < 450mm
S shall not exceed the lesser of 5h and 450mm

(b)(Ab ) (1100)(113.10)
S= = = 166.97mm < 450mm; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝐒 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝐦𝐦
As 745.10

∴Use 6 pcs. ∅12mm Main Bars spaced @ 180mm O.C @middle strip along long
span
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│208

b. Slab 2 analysis along short span column & middle strip:

*Static Moment: (NSCP 2015 section 408.10.3.2)

• By Interpolation:
La 5.0
= = 2.0
Lb 2.5
0.75 − 0.45 0.75 − 𝑥
=
1.0 − 2.0 1 − 2.0
x = 0.45
• For Negative Moment:

Column strip along short span = Ln1/4 = 4.7/4 = 1.175m

DL = (5.609kPa x 1.175m strip) = 6.59kN/m
LL = (3.8kPa x 1.175m strip) = 4.47 kN/m
Wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(6.59) + 1.6(4.47) = 15.06 kN/m
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│209

1 1
Mo = (Wu La )(Ln2 )2 = (15.06)(5.0)(2.2)2 = 𝟒𝟓. 𝟓𝟔 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
8 8
Mn = 0.65Mo = (0.65) (45.56) = 29.61 kN-m
Mu = (x) (Mn) = (0.45)(29.61) = 13.33 kN-m

*Considering column strip and using 12mm:

Muactual = ∅f’cbd2ω(1-0.59ω) ; where: b = 1175mm; d = 118mm; f’c = 21Mpa
13.33kN-m = (0.9) (21000kPa) (1.175m) (0.118m)2 (ω) (1-0.59ω)
−182.44ω2 + 309.22ω − 13.33 = 0
ω = 0.04426

ωf ′ c 0.04426(21)
𝜌= = = 0.00224
𝑓𝑦 415
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00337
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜌 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ; Use 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337

➢ Area of Steel:
As = ρbd
= (0.00337) (1175) (118)
As = 467.25 mm2

➢ No. of Steel bar:

𝜋
Using ∅ − 12mm: A12mm = (12)2 = 113.10𝑚𝑚2
4

As 467.25
N12mm = = = 𝟒. 𝟏𝟑𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟒 𝐩𝐜𝐬 𝐨𝐟 ∅𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐧 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐩
A12mm 113.10

➢ Spacing of ∅12mm Bars:

* Spacing limits for Slab Reinforcement (NSCP 2015 407.7.2)

S < 3h = 3(150) = 450mm
S < 450mm
S shall not exceed the lesser of 5h and 450mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│210

(b)(Ab ) (1175)(113.10)
S= = = 284.41mm < 450mm; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝐒 = 𝟐𝟖𝟎𝐦𝐦
As 467.25

∴Use 4 pcs. ∅12mm Main Bars spaced @ 280mm O.C per column strip
along short span

• For Positive Moment:

Middle strip along short span = Ln1/2 = 4.7/2 = 2.35m

DL = (5.609kPa x 2.35m strip) = 13.18kN/m
LL = (3.8kPa x 2.35m strip) = 8.93kN/m
Wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(13.18) + 1.6(8.93) = 35.38kN/m

1 1
Mo = (Wu La )(Ln2 )2 = (35.38)(5.0)(2.2)2 = 𝟏𝟎𝟕. 𝟎𝟐𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
8 8

Mp = 0.35Mo = (0.35) (107.02) = 37.46kN-m

Mu = (0.45) (Mp) = (0.45) (37.46) = 16.86kN-m

*Considering middle strip and using ∅-12mm:

Muactual = ∅f’cbd2ω(1-0.59ω); where: b = 2350mm; d = 118mm; f’c = 21Mpa
16.86 = (0.90) (21000) (2.35) (0.118)2 (ω) (1-0.59ω)
−364.88ω2 + 618.43ω − 16.86 = 0
ω = 0.02772

ωf ′ c 0.02772(21)
𝜌= = = 0.00140
𝑓𝑦 415
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00337
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜌 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ; Use 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│211

➢ Area of Steel:
As = ρbd
= (0.00337) (2350) (118)
As = 934.50 mm2

➢ No. of Steel bar:

𝜋
Using ∅ − 12mm: A12mm = (12)2 = 113.10𝑚𝑚2
4
As 934.50
N12mm = = = 𝟖. 𝟐𝟔𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟖 𝐩𝐜𝐬 𝐨𝐟 ∅𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬 @𝐦𝐢𝐝𝐝𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐩
A12mm 113.10

➢ Spacing of ∅12mm Bars:

* Spacing limits for Slab Reinforcement (NSCP 2015 407.7.2)

S < 3h = 3(150) = 450mm
S < 450mm
S shall not exceed the lesser of 5h and 450mm

(b)(Ab ) (2350)(113.10)
S= = = 284.41mm < 450mm; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝐒 = 𝟐𝟖𝟎𝐦𝐦
As 934.50

∴Use 8 pcs. ∅12mm Main Bars spaced @ 280mm O.C @middle strip along
short direction

C. SLAB 3

Design Data for Slab-3:

Long Span, La = 4.5m
Short Span, Lb = 2.5m
Beam 1: h = 500mm ; w = 300mm
Beam 2: h = 400mm ; w = 250mm
Beam 3: h = 500mm ; w = 300mm
Based on preliminary sizing:
Slab thickness, t = 150mm
Column 1 @4th floor = 400mm x 400mm
Column 4 @4th floor = 500mm x 500mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│212

*Design Calculations (By Direct Design Method, section 408.10)

La 4.5
= = 1.80 < 2.0
Lb 2.5
(Adopt section as two-way slab)

*Clear protective cover:

Cc = 20mm
*Using Ø-12mm rebar;
*Effective depth, ‘d’:
d = t – cc – db/2
= 150 – 20 – 12
d = 118mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│213

a. Slab 3 analysis along Long span column & middle strip:

*Static Moment: (NSCP 2015 section 408.10.3.2)

*By

Interpolation:
Lb 2.5
= = 0.56
La 4.5
0.90 − 0.75 0.90 − 𝑥
=
0.5 − 1.0 0.5 − 0.56
x = 0.88
• For Negative Moment:
Column strip along long span = Ln2/4 = 2.2/4 = 0.55m
DL = (5.609kPa x 0.55m strip) = 3.08kN/m
LL = (3.8kPa x 0.55m strip) = 2.09kN/m
Wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(3.08) + 1.6(2.09) = 7.04kN/m

1 1
Mo = (Wu Lb )(Ln1 )2 = (7.04)(2.5)(4.2)2 = 𝟑𝟖. 𝟖𝟏 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
8 8

Mn = 0.65Mo = (0.65) (38.81) = 25.23kN-m

Mu = (x) (Mn) = (0.88) (25.23) = 22.20kN-m

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│214

*Considering column strip and using 12mm:

Muactual = ∅f’cbd2ω(1-0.59ω) ; where: b = 550mm; d = 118mm; f’c = 21Mpa
22.70kN-m = (0.9) (21000kPa) (0.55m) (0.118m)2 (ω) (1-0.59ω)
−85.40ω2 + 144.74ω − 22.70 = 0
ω = 0.17488

ωf ′ c 0.17488(21)
𝜌= = = 0.00885
𝑓𝑦 415
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00337
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜌 > 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ; Use 𝜌 = 0.00885

➢ Area of Steel:
As = ρbd
= (0.00885) (550) (118)
As = 574.32 mm2

➢ No. of Steel bar:

𝜋
Using ∅ − 12mm: A12mm = (12)2 = 113.10𝑚𝑚2
4
As 574.32
N12mm = =
A12mm 113.10
N12mm = 𝟓. 𝟎𝟖𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟔 𝐩𝐜𝐬 𝐨𝐟 ∅ − 𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐧 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐩

➢ Spacing of 12mm Bars:

* Spacing limits for Slab Reinforcement (NSCP 2015 407.7.2)

S < 3h = 3(150) = 450mm
S < 450mm
S shall not exceed the lesser of 5h and 450mm

(b)(Ab ) (550)(113.10)
S= = = 108.31mm < 450mm; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝐒 = 𝟗𝟎𝐦𝐦
As 574.32

∴Use 6 pcs. ∅12mm Main Bars spaced @90mm O.C per column strip along
long span
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│215

• For Positive Moment:

Middle strip along long span = Ln2/2 = 2.2/2 = 1.1m

DL = (5.609kPa x 1.1m strip) = 6.17kN/m
LL = (3.8kPa x 1.1m strip) = 4.18kN/m
Wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(6.17) + 1.6(4.18) = 14.09kN/m
1 1
Mo = (Wu Lb )(Ln1 )2 = (14.09)(2.5)(4.2)2 = 𝟕𝟕. 𝟔𝟕𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
8 8
Mp = 0.35Mo = (0.35) (77.67) = 27.18 kN-m
Mu = (x) (Mp) = (0.88) (27.18) = 23.92 kN-m

*Considering middle strip and using ∅-12mm:

Muactual = ∅f’cbd2ω(1-0.59ω) ; where: b = 1100mm; d = 118mm; f’c = 21Mpa
23.92 = (0.90) (21000) (1.1) (0.118)2 (ω) (1-0.59ω)
−170.79ω2 + 289.48ω − 23.92 = 0
ω = 0.08711
ωf ′ c 0.08711(21)
𝜌= = = 0.00441
𝑓𝑦 415
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00337
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜌 = 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ; Use 𝜌 = 0.00441

➢ Area of Steel:
As = ρbd
= (0.00441) (1100) (118)
As = 572.16 mm2

➢ No. of Steel bar:

𝜋
Using ∅ − 12mm: A12mm = (12)2 = 113.10𝑚𝑚2
4
As 572.16
N12mm = =
A12mm 113.10
N12mm = 𝟓. 𝟎𝟔𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟔 𝐩𝐜𝐬 𝐨𝐟 ∅ − 𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐩𝐞𝐫 @𝐦𝐢𝐝𝐝𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐩

➢ Spacing of 12mm Bars:

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│216

* Spacing limits for Slab Reinforcement (NSCP 2015 407.7.2)

S < 3h = 3(150) = 450mm
S < 450mm
S shall not exceed the lesser of 5h and 450mm

(b)(Ab ) (1100)(113.10)
S= = = 217.44mm < 450mm; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝐒 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝐦𝐦
As 572.16

∴Use 6 pcs. ∅12mm Main Bars spaced @ 180mm O.C @middle strip along long
span

c. Slab 3 analysis along short span column & middle strip:

*Static Moment: (NSCP 2015 section 408.10.3.2)

• By Interpolation:

La 4.5
= = 1.8
Lb 2.5

0.75 − 0.45 0.75 − 𝑥

=
1.0 − 2.0 1 − 1.8
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│217

x = 0.51
• For Negative Moment:
Column strip along short span = Ln1/4 = 4.2/4 = 1.05m
DL = (5.609kPa x 1.05m strip) = 5.89kN/m
LL = (3.8kPa x 1.05m strip) = 4.0 kN/m
Wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(5.89) + 1.6(4.0) = 13.47 kN/m

1 1
Mo = (Wu La )(Ln2 )2 = (13.47)(4.5)(2.2)2 = 𝟑𝟔. 𝟔𝟕 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
8 8

Mn = 0.65Mo = (0.65) (36.67) = 23.84 kN-m

Mu = (x) (Mn) = (0.51) (23.84) = 12.16 kN-m

*Considering column strip and using 12mm:

Muactual = ∅f’cbd2ω(1-0.59ω) ; where: b = 1050mm; d = 118mm; f’c = 21Mpa
12.16kN-m = (0.9) (21000kPa) (1.05m) (0.118m)2 (ω) (1-0.59ω)
−163.03ω2 + 276.32ω − 12.16 = 0
ω = 0.04521
ωf ′ c 0.04521(21)
𝜌= = = 0.00228
𝑓𝑦 415
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00337
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜌 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ; Use 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337

➢ Area of Steel:
As = ρbd
= (0.00337) (1050) (118)
As =417.54 mm2

➢ No. of Steel bar:

𝜋
Using ∅ − 12mm: A12mm = (12)2 = 113.10𝑚𝑚2
4
As 417.54
N12mm = =
A12mm 113.10
N12mm = 𝟑. 𝟔𝟗𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟒 𝐩𝐜𝐬 𝐨𝐟 ∅ − 𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝟏𝐦 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐩
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│218

➢ Spacing of 12mm Bars:

* Spacing limits for Slab Reinforcement (NSCP 2015 407.7.2)

S < 3h = 3(150) = 450mm
S < 450mm
S shall not exceed the lesser of 5h and 450mm

(b)(Ab ) (1050)(113.10)
S= = = 284.41mm < 450mm; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝐒 = 𝟐𝟖𝟎𝐦𝐦
As 417.54

∴Use 3 pcs. ∅12mm Main Bars spaced @ 280mm O.C per column strip
along short span

• For Positive Moment:

Middle strip along short span = = Ln1/2 = 4.2/2 = 2.1m

DL = (5.609kPa x 2.1m strip) = 11.78kN/m
LL = (3.8kPa x 2.1m strip) = 7.89 kN/m
Wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(11.78) + 1.6(7.89) = 13.47 kN/m

1 1
Mo = (Wu La )(Ln2 )2 = (13.47)(4.5)(2.2)2 = 𝟐𝟔. 𝟕𝟔 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
8 8

Mp = 0.35Mo = (0.35) (26.76) = 9.37 kN-m

Mu = (x) (Mp) = (0.51) (9.37) = 4.78kN-m

*Considering middle strip and using ∅-12mm:

Muactual = ∅f’cbd2ω(1-0.59ω) ; where: b = 2100mm; d = 118mm; f’c = 21Mpa
4.78 = (0.90) (21000) (2.1) (0.118)2 (ω) (1-0.59ω)
−326.06ω2 + 552.64ω − 4.78 = 0
ω = 0.00870
ωf ′ c 0.00870(21)
𝜌= = = 0.00044
𝑓𝑦 415
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│219

1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00337
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜌 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ; Use 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00337

➢ Area of Steel:
As = ρbd
= (0.00337) (2100) (118)
As =835.09 mm2

➢ No. of Steel bar:

𝜋
Using ∅ − 12mm: A12mm = (12)2 = 113.10𝑚𝑚2
4
As 835.09
N12mm = =
A12mm 113.10
N12mm = 𝟕. 𝟑𝟖𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟕 𝐩𝐜𝐬 𝐨𝐟 ∅ − 𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬 @𝐦𝐢𝐝𝐝𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐩

➢ Spacing of 12mm Bars:

* Spacing limits for Slab Reinforcement (NSCP 2015 407.7.2)

S < 3h = 3(150) = 450mm
S < 450mm
S shall not exceed the lesser of 5h and 450mm

(b)(Ab ) (2100)(113.10)
S= = = 284.41mm < 450mm; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝐒 = 𝟐𝟖𝟎𝐦𝐦
As 835.09

∴Use 7pcs. ∅12mm Main Bars spaced @ 280mm O.C @middle strip along short
span.

A. SLAB 4

Design Data for Slab-3:

Long Span, La = 4.5m
Short Span, Lb = 2.5m
Beam 1: h = 500mm ; w = 300mm
Beam 4: h = 500mm ; w = 300mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│220

Beam 6: h = 600mm ; w = 300mm

Based on preliminary sizing:
Slab thickness, t = 150mm
Column 5 @3rd floor = 500mm x 500mm
Column 3 @3rd floor = 450mm x 450mm
Column 4 @3rd floor = 550mm x 550mm

a. Slab 4 analysis along Long span middle strip:

*Static Moment: (NSCP 2015 section 408.10.3.2)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│221

*By Interpolation:
Lb 4.5
= = 0.64
La 7.0
0.90 − 0.75 0.90 − 𝑥
=
0.5 − 1.0 0.5 − 0.64
x = 0.86
• For Negative Moment:
Column strip along long span = Ln2/4 = 4.2/4 = 1.05m
DL = (5.609kPa x 1.05m strip) = 5.89kN/m
LL = (1.9kPa x 1.05m strip) = 2.0 kN/m
Wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(5.89) + 1.6(2.0) = 10.27 kN/m

1 1
Mo = (Wu Lb )(Ln1 )2 = (10.27)(4.5)(6.7)2 = 𝟐𝟓𝟗. 𝟑𝟐 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
8 8

Mn = 0.65Mo = (0.65) (259.32) = 168.56 kN-m

Mu = (x) (Mn) = (0.86) (168.56) = 144.96kN-m

*Considering column strip and using 12mm:

Muactual = ∅f’cbd2ω(1-0.59ω) ; where: b = 1050mm; d = 118mm; f’c = 21Mpa
144.96kN-m = (0.9) (21000kPa) (1.05m) (0.118m)2 (ω) (1-0.59ω)
−163.03ω2 + 276.32ω − 144.96 = 0
ω = 0.43394
ωf ′ c 0.43394(21)
𝜌= = = 0.02196
𝑓𝑦 415
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00337
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜌 > 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ; Use 𝜌 = 0.02196

➢ Area of Steel:
As = ρbd
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│222

= (0.02196) (1050) (118)

As = 2720.65 mm2

➢ No. of Steel bar:

𝜋
Using ∅ − 12mm: A12mm = (12)2 = 113.10𝑚𝑚2
4
As 2720.65
N12mm = =
A12mm 113.10
N12mm = 𝟐𝟒. 𝟎𝟓𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟐𝟒 𝐩𝐜𝐬 𝐨𝐟 ∅ − 𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝟏𝐦 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐩

➢ Spacing of 12mm Bars:

* Spacing limits for Slab Reinforcement (NSCP 2015 407.7.2)

S < 3h = 3(150) = 450mm
S < 450mm
S shall not exceed the lesser of 5h and 450mm

(b)(Ab ) (1050)(113.10)
S= = = 43.65mm < 450mm; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝐒 = 𝟒𝟎𝐦𝐦
As 2720.65

∴Use 24 pcs. ∅12mm Main Bars spaced @ 40mm O.C per column strip along
long span

• For Positive Moment:

Middle strip along long span = = Ln2/2 = 4.2/2 = 2.1m

DL = (5.609kPa x 2.1m strip) = 11.78kN/m
LL = (1.9kPa x 2.1m strip) = 4.0kN/m
Wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(11.78) + 1.6(4.0) = 20.54kN/m
1 1
Mo = (Wu Lb )(Ln1 )2 = (20.54)(4.5)(6.7)2 = 𝟓𝟏𝟖. 𝟔𝟓𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
8 8

Mp = 0.35Mo = (0.35) (518.65) = 181.53kN-m

Mu = (x) (Mp) = (0.86) (181.53) = 156.11kN-m
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│223

*Considering middle strip and using ∅-12mm:

Muactual = ∅f’cbd2ω(1-0.59ω) ; where: b = 2100mm; d = 118mm; f’c = 21Mpa
156.11kN-m = (0.90) (21000) (2.1) (0.118)2 (ω) (1-0.59ω)
−326.06ω2 + 552.64ω − 156.11 = 0
ω = 0.35817

ωf ′ c 0.35817(21)
𝜌= = = 0.01812
𝑓𝑦 415
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00337
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜌 > 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ; Use 𝜌 = 0.01812

➢ Area of Steel:
As = ρbd
= (0.01812) (2100) (118)
As =4491.19 mm2

➢ No. of Steel bar:

𝜋
Using ∅ − 12mm: A12mm = (12)2 = 113.10𝑚𝑚2
4
As 4491.19
N12mm = =
A12mm 113.10
N12mm = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟕𝟏𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟒𝟎 𝐩𝐜𝐬 𝐨𝐟 ∅ − 𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬 @𝐦𝐢𝐝𝐝𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐩

➢ Spacing of 12mm Bars:

* Spacing limits for Slab Reinforcement (NSCP 2015 407.7.2)

S < 3h = 3(150) = 450mm
S < 450mm
S shall not exceed the lesser of 5h and 450mm

(b)(Ab ) (2100)(113.10)
S= = = 52.88mm < 450mm; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝐒 = 𝟒𝟎𝐦𝐦
As 4491.19

∴Use 40 pcs. ∅12mm Main Bars spaced @ 40 mm O.C @middle strip along long
span
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│224

b. Slab 4 analysis along Short span column & middle strip:

*Static Moment: (NSCP 2015 section 408.10.3.2)

*By Interpolation:
La 7.0
= = 1.56
Lb 4.5
0.75 − 0.45 0.75 − 𝑥
=
1.0 − 2.0 1 − 1.56
x = 0.58

• For Negative Moment:

Column strip along short span = Ln1/4 = 6.7/4 = 1.675m
DL = (5.609kPa x 1.675m strip) = 9.40kN/m
LL = 1.9kPa x 1.675m strip = 3.18 kN/m
Wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(9.40) + 1.6(3.18) = 16.37kN/m
1 1
Mo = (Wu La )(Ln2 )2 = (16.37)(7.0)(4.2)2 = 𝟐𝟓𝟐. 𝟔𝟕 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
8 8
Mn = 0.65Mo = (0.65) (252.67) = 164.24kN-m

Mu = (x) (Mn) = (0.58) (164.24) = 95.26kN-m

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│225

*Considering column strip and using 12mm:

Muactual = ∅f’cbd2ω(1-0.59ω) ; where: b = 1675mm; d = 118mm; f’c = 21Mpa
95.26kN-m = (0.9) (21000kPa) (1.675m) (0.118m)2 (ω) (1-0.59ω)
−260.07ω2 + 440.80ω − 95.26 = 0
ω = 0.25424

ωf ′ c 0.25424(21)
𝜌= = = 0.01287
𝑓𝑦 415
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00337
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜌 > 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ; Use 𝜌 = 0.01287

➢ Area of Steel:
As = ρbd
= (0.01287) (1675) (118)
As = 2542.80 mm2

➢ No. of Steel bar:

𝜋
Using ∅ − 12mm: A12mm = (12)2 = 113.10𝑚𝑚2
4
As 2542.80
N12mm = =
A12mm 113.10
N12mm = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟒𝟖𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟐𝟐 𝐩𝐜𝐬 𝐨𝐟 ∅ − 𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐧 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐩

➢ Spacing of 12mm Bars:

* Spacing limits for Slab Reinforcement (NSCP 2015 407.7.2)

S < 3h = 3(150) = 450mm
S < 450mm
S shall not exceed the lesser of 5h and 450mm

(b)(Ab ) (1675)(113.10)
S= = = 74.50mm < 450mm; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝐒 = 𝟕𝟎𝐦𝐦
As 2542.80

∴Use 22 pcs. ∅12mm Main Bars spaced @ 70mm O.C per column strip along
short span
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│226

• For Positive Moment:

Middle strip along short spam = Ln1/2 = 6.7/2 = 3.35m

DL = (5.609kPa x 3.35m strip) = 18.79kN/m
LL = 1.9kPa x 3.35m strip = 6.37kN/m
Wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(18.79) + 1.6(6.37) = 32.74kN/m
1 1
Mo = (Wu La )(Ln2 )2 = (32.74)(7.0)(4.2)2 = 𝟓𝟎𝟓. 𝟑𝟒𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
8 8

Mp = 0.35Mo = (0.35) (505.34) = 176.87kN-m

Mu = (x) (Mp) = (0.58) (176.87) = 102.58kN-m

*Considering middle strip and using ∅-12mm:

Muactual = ∅f’cbd2ω(1-0.59ω) ; where: b = 3350mm; d = 118mm; f’c = 21Mpa
102.58 = (0.90) (21000) (3.350) (0.118)2 (ω) (1-0.59ω)
−520.12ω2 + 881.60ω − 102.58 = 0
ω = 0.12567
ωf ′ c 0.12567(21)
𝜌= = = 0.00636
𝑓𝑦 415
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00337
𝑓𝑦 415
𝜌 > 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ; Use 𝜌 = 0.00636

➢ Area of Steel:
As = ρbd
= (0.00636) (3350) (118)
As =2513.79mm2

➢ No. of Steel bar:

𝜋
Using ∅ − 12mm: A12mm = (12)2 = 113.10𝑚𝑚2
4
As 2513.79
N12mm = =
A12mm 113.10
N12mm = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟐𝟐𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝟐𝟐 𝐩𝐜𝐬 𝐨𝐟 ∅ − 𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐬 @𝐦𝐢𝐝𝐝𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐩
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│227

➢ Spacing of 12mm Bars:

* Spacing limits for Slab Reinforcement (NSCP 2015 407.7.2)

S < 3h = 3(150) = 450mm
S < 450mm
S shall not exceed the lesser of 5h and 450mm

(b)(Ab ) (3350)(113.10)
S= = = 150.72mm < 450mm; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝐒 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝐦𝐦
As 2513.79

∴Use 22 pcs. ∅12mm Main Bars spaced @ 150mm O.C @middle strip along
short span

Summary (4th to 2nd floor):

Slab Along long span column & Along short span column &
section middle strip middle strip
Negative Positive Negative Positive
Moment Moment Moment Moment
(column strip) (middle strip) (column strip) (middle strip)
No. of No. of No. of No. of
∅12 Spacing ∅12 Spacing ∅12 Spacing ∅12 Spacing
Steel Steel Steel Steel
bar bar bar bar
S1 11pcs 70mm 11pcs 140mm 7pcs 170mm 8pcs 280mm
S2 6pcs 90mm 6pcs 180mm 4pcs 280mm 8pcs 280mm
S3 6pcs 90mm 6pcs 180mm 3pcs 280mm 7pcs 280mm

S4 24pcs 40mm 40pcs 40mm 22pcs 70mm 22pcs 150mm

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│228

SLAB LAY-OUT
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│229
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │230

APPENDIX F

BEAM DESIGN

TABLE 420.6.1.3.1
Specified Concrete Cover for Cast-in-Place Non-Prestressed
Concrete Members
CONCRETE SPECIFIED
MEMBER REINFORCEMENT
EXPOSURE COVER, mm.
Cast against
and
permanently All All 75
in contact
with ground
20 mm ø through
Exposed to 50
58 mm ø bars
weather or in
All 16 mm ø bar,
contact with
MW200 or MD200 40
ground
wire, and smaller
40 mm ø and 58
40
Slab, joists, and mm ø bars
Not exposed walls 36 mm ø bar and
20
to weather or smaller
in contact Primary
Beams, columns,
with ground reinforcements,
pedestals, and 40
stirrups, ties,
tension ties
spirals, and hoops

Design Requirements:
Unit weight of concrete, 23.56 KN/m3
Yield strength, fy = 415 Mpa (grade 60)
Modulus of elasticity for concrete, 200,000 Mpa
Compressive block deep, β = 0.85
Capacity reduction factor, = 0.90
Concrete compressive strength, f’c = 21 Mpa
Concrete cover, 40 mm (NSCP Cc minimum, 40 mm)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │231

POSITIVE MOMENT:

End spans

𝑾𝒖 𝑳𝒏𝟐
Discontinuous end integral with support …………….+ 𝟏𝟒

𝑾𝒖 𝑳𝒏𝟐
Interior spans ………………………………………………………+ 𝟏𝟔

NEGATIVE MOMENT:

At exterior face of first interior supports

𝑾𝒖 𝑳𝒏𝟐
a) Two spans………………………………………………………..− 𝟗

𝑾𝒖 𝑳𝒏𝟐
b) More than two spans ………………………………………….− 𝟏𝟎

𝑾𝒖 𝑳𝒏𝟐
c) At other faces of interior supports …………………………− 𝟏𝟏

At interior face of exterior support for members built integrally with

supports:

𝑾𝒖 𝑳𝒏𝟐
a) Where support is a column …………………………………− 𝟏𝟔
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │232
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │233

ROOF DECK PLAN

DEAD LOADS

Slab
• Floor finish (25mm) on stone concrete fill 0.575 kPa
(0.023) (25)
• Plumbing, Electrical 1.500 kPa
• (150 mm) stone concrete fill
(.150) (23.56) 3.534 kPa
• Bituminous, Smooth surface 0.070 KPa
TOTAL: 5.679 kPa
Parapet Wall
• 150mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit,
plastered in both faces, 1.5m 4.665 kN/m
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (1.5)

Stairs
• Assumed additional 40% for the total weight of the slab 7.193 kN/m
(5.138 + (0.4)(5.138))
LIVE LOADS
Roof Slab
• From NSCP 2015, 1.9 kPa and an additional of 1 kPa for 2.9 kPa
rain load
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │234

LONGITUDINAL SECTION

*Consider Grid A, Span 1-2 and Span 10-11

W = 1.2 (DL) + 1.6 (LL)

W = 1.2 (5.679) + 1.6 (2.9)

W = 11.455 kPa

(11.455 )(3.5) 3.5 2 𝑘𝑁

𝑊𝑢 = (3 − ( ) ) + [(4.665 + 3.534)(1.2)] = 26.611
6 5 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (26.611)(4.6)2
Moment @ Exterior Support (Negative) = − 16
=− 16
= − 35.19 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (26.611)(4.6)2
Moment @ Midspan (Positive) = + 14
=+ 14
= +40.22 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (26.611)(4.6)2
Moment @ Interior Support (Negative) = − =− = −56.31 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
10 10
Beam Size = 300 mm x 500 mm ( from preliminary sizing)

@ Exterior Support and Interior Support

I. Solve for pmax, pb, pmin, ω and Mumax

Since : 21 Mpa < 28 Mpa , β = 0.85

0.85 𝑓′ 𝑐 𝛽 600 0.85(21)(0.85)(600)

𝝆𝑏 = 𝑓𝑦 (600+𝑓𝑦)
= 415(600+415)
= 0.02161

𝝆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝜌𝑏 = 0.75(0.02161) = 0.01621

√(𝑓′𝑐) √(21) 1.4

𝝆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 4𝑓𝑦
= 4(415) = 0.00276 but not less than 415
= 0.00337

𝑓𝑦 415
𝝎=𝝆 = (0.01621) = 0.32034
𝑓′𝑐 21

main bars ø
d = h − concrete cover − − stirrupsø
2
16
d = 500 − 40 − − 10
2

d = 442 mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │235

Mumax = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)

Mumax = (0.90) (21) (300) (442)2(0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))

Mumax = 287.78KN-m

Check: if Mu<Mumax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu>Mumax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 56.31 KN-m < Mumax = 287.78KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

II. Solve for bd2

Mu = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)
56.31x106 = (0.90) (21) (bd2) (0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))
bd2 = 11468114.46
: Try ratio d = 2b

𝑑
( )𝑑2 = 11468114.46
2

d = 284.12 mm say 300 mm

Say h =300 mm say 400 mm

Check miminum thickness of beam, Both Ends Continuous,

𝑙 𝑓𝑦 5000 415
21
(0.40 + 700) = 21
(0.40 + 700) = 236.39 𝑚𝑚 < 284.12 𝑚𝑚 ( ok )

bd2 = 11468114.46

b = 127.42mm say 250 mm

USE 250 mm x 400 mm

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │236

III. Solve for p

Mu = Ru b d2

56.31x106 = (0.90) Ru (250) (300)2

Ru = 2.78

0.85 𝑓′𝑐 2 𝑅𝑢 0.85(21) 2 (2.78)

𝜌= (1− √ ′
)= (1− √ ) = 0.02765
𝑓𝑦 0.85 𝑓 𝑐 415 0.85(21)

Since: pmin = 0.00337 < pmax = 0.01621 < p = 0.02765

Use: p = 0.01532

As = p b d = (0.01621) (250) (300)

As = 1215.75 mm2

Using 16mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 1215.75
𝑛=𝜋 = 𝜋 = 6.05 𝑠𝑎𝑦 6 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
(𝑑 ) 2 (16) 2
4 𝑏 4

Spacing of 16mm ø bar:

250 mm

d = 295 mm
400 mm

X
16 + 25 = 41 say 47
40 + 10 + 8 = 58
mm
150 mm
Check for actual d:
6y = 2(47)
y = 15.67 mm say 16 mm
d = 295 + 47 -16 = 326 mm > 300 mm (OK)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │237

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟏𝟓𝟎−(𝟏𝟔)(𝟒)
𝑿 = = 𝟐𝟖. 𝟔𝟕 𝒎𝒎 > Ø16 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟑

@ MIDSPAN, End Beam

For bf, least of: NSCP TABLE 406.3.2.1

1. bf = bw + 6(t) = 250 + 6 x (150) = 1150mm

L (5000)
2. bf = 𝑏𝑤 + (12) = 250 + = 𝟔𝟔𝟔. 𝟔𝟕 𝒎𝒎 (Adopt)
12

3. bf = bw+(clear transverse span)/2 = 1875mm

I. Assume that the entire flange is in compression and solve for Mu1

𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒅 𝟔𝟎𝟎(𝟑𝟒𝟐)
𝑪𝒃 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚
= 𝟔𝟎𝟎+(𝟒𝟏𝟓)
= 𝟐𝟎𝟐. 𝟏𝟕 𝒎𝒎

𝒂𝒃 = 𝑩𝟏 𝑪𝒃 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟎𝟐. 𝟏𝟕) = 𝟏𝟕𝟏. 𝟖𝟒 𝒎𝒎

𝟎.𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝜷 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝟎.𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟏)(𝟎.𝟖𝟓)(𝟔𝟎𝟎)

𝝆𝒃 = = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟔𝟏
𝒇𝒚 (𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚) 𝟒𝟏𝟓(𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝟒𝟏𝟓)

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 (𝒂𝒃 ) = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓(𝟏𝟕𝟏. 𝟖𝟒) = 𝟏𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟖 𝒎𝒎

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒃 (𝒅 − 𝟐
)

𝟏𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟖
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 (𝟐𝟏)(𝟏𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟖)(𝟐𝟓𝟎) (𝟑𝟒𝟐 − ) = 𝟏𝟓𝟗. 𝟔𝟑 𝑲𝑵 − 𝒎
𝟐

øMUmax = 0.90(159.63) = 143.67 KN-m

Check: if Mu< øMUmax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu> øMUmax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 40.22 KN-m < øMUmax = 143.67 KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │238

t
Mu1 = ϕ 0.85 f’c bf t (d- )
2

150
Mu1 = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (666.67) (150) (342- )
2

Mu1 = 428.94 KN-m

Mu1 = 428.94 KN-m > Mu = 40.22KN-m, then a < t

II. a<t

bf = 666.67 mm

t = 150 mm a C = 0.85 f’c a b

h= 400mm d = 342 mm
d-a/2

T = Asfy

bw = 250 mm

Solve for a:
a
Mu = ϕ 0.85 f’c a bf (d- )
2
a
40.22(10 ) = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (a) (666.67) (342- )
6
2
a = 11.16 mm

Solve for As :
T=C
As fy = 0.85 f’c a bf
As (415) = 0.85 (21) (11.16) (666.67)
As = 320.01 mm2

Solve minimum As is smaller value of:

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = (250)(342) = 𝟒𝟕𝟐. 𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟐 (𝐆𝐎𝐕𝐄𝐑𝐍𝐒)
2𝑓𝑦 2(415)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │239

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑏𝑓 𝑑 = (666.67)(342) = 629.42 mm2
4𝑓𝑦 4(415)
As = 320.01 mm2 < 472.06 mm2

USE : As = 472.06 mm2

Using 16mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 472.06
𝑛=𝜋 =𝜋 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟒 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟑 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔
(𝑑 ) 2 (16) 2
4 𝑏 4

bf = 666.67
mm

t = 150 mm

h= 400mm d = 342 mm

bw = 250 mm
150 mm

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟏𝟓𝟎−(𝟏𝟔)(𝟑)
𝑿 = = 𝟓𝟏 𝒎𝒎 > Ø16 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟐
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │240

*Consider Grid A, Span 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, 5-6, 6-7, 7-8, 8-9, 9-10

W = 1.2 (DL) + 1.6 (LL)

W = 1.2 (5.679) + 1.6 (2.9)

W = 11.455 kPa

(11.455 )(4.5) 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = [ + [(4.665 + 3.534)(1.2)]] = 27.021
3 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (27.021)(4.2)2
Moment @ Exterior Support (Negative) = − 11
=− 11
= − 43.33 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (27.021)(4.2)2
Moment @ Midspan (Positive) = + 16
=+ 16
= +29.79 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (27.021)(4.2)2
Moment @ Interior Support (Negative) = − =− = −43.33𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
11 11

Beam Size = 300 mm x 500 mm ( from preliminary sizing)

@ Exterior Support and Interior Support

I. Solve for pmax, pb, pmin, ω and Mumax

Since : 21 Mpa < 28 Mpa , β = 0.85

0.85 𝑓′ 𝑐 𝛽 600 0.85(21)(0.85)(600)

𝝆𝑏 = = = 0.02161
𝑓𝑦 (600+𝑓𝑦) 415(600+415)

𝝆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝜌𝑏 = 0.75(0.02161) = 0.01621

√(𝑓′𝑐) √(21) 1.4

𝝆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 4𝑓𝑦
= 4(415) = 0.00276 but not less than 415
= 0.00337

𝑓𝑦 415
𝝎=𝝆 = (0.01621) = 0.32034
𝑓′𝑐 21

main bars ø
d = h − concrete cover − − stirrupsø
2
16
d = 500 − 40 − − 10
2

d = 442 mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │241

Mumax = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)

Mumax = (0.90) (21) (300) (442)2(0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))

Mumax = 287.78KN-m

Check: if Mu<Mumax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu>Mumax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 43.331 KN-m < Mumax = 287.78KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

II. Solve for bd2

Mu = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)
43.33x106 = (0.90) (21) (bd2) (0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))
bd2 = 8824806.75
: Try ratio d = 2b

𝑑
( )𝑑2 = 8824806.75
2

d = 260.36 mm say 300 mm

Say h =300 mm say 400 mm

Check miminum thickness of beam, Both Ends Continuous,

𝑙 𝑓𝑦 4500 415
21
(0.40 + 700) = 21
(0.40 + 700) = 212.75 𝑚𝑚 < 260.36 𝑚𝑚 ( ok )

bd2 = 8824806.75

b = 98.05 mm say 250 mm

USE 250 mm x 400 mm

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │242

III. Solve for p

Mu = Ru b d2

43.33x106 = (0.90) Ru (250) (300)2

Ru = 2.14

0.85 𝑓′𝑐 2 𝑅𝑢 0.85(21) 2 (2.14)

𝜌= (1− √ ′
)= (1− √ ) = 0.0220
𝑓𝑦 0.85 𝑓 𝑐 415 0.85(21)

Since: pmin = 0.00337 < pmax = 0.01621 < p = 0.0220

Use: p = 0.01621

As = p b d = (0.01621) (250) (300)

As = 1215.75 mm2

Using 16mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 1215.75
𝑛=𝜋 = 𝜋 = 6.04 𝑠𝑎𝑦 6 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
(𝑑 ) 2 (16) 2
4 𝑏 4

Spacing of 16mm ø bar:

250 mm
400 mm

d = 295 mm

X
16 + 25 = 41 say 47
40 + 10 + 8 = 58
mm
150 mm
Check for actual d:
6y = 2(47)
y = 15.67 mm say 16 mm
d = 295 + 47 -16 = 326 mm > 300 mm (OK)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │243

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟏𝟓𝟎−(𝟏𝟔)(𝟒)
𝑿 = = 𝟐𝟖. 𝟔𝟕 𝒎𝒎 > Ø16 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟑

@ MIDSPAN, End Beam

For bf, least of: NSCP TABLE 406.3.2.1

1. bf = bw + 6(t) = 250 + 6 x (150) = 1150mm

L (4500)
2. bf = 𝑏𝑤 + (12) = 250 + = 𝟔𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝒎 (Adopt)
12

3. bf = bw+(clear transverse span)/2 = 3750mm

I. Assume that the entire flange is in compression and solve for Mu1

𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒅 𝟔𝟎𝟎(𝟑𝟒𝟐)
𝑪𝒃 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚
= 𝟔𝟎𝟎+(𝟒𝟏𝟓)
= 𝟐𝟎𝟐. 𝟏𝟕 𝒎𝒎

𝒂𝒃 = 𝑩𝟏 𝑪𝒃 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟎𝟐. 𝟏𝟕) = 𝟏𝟕𝟏. 𝟖𝟒 𝒎𝒎

𝟎.𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝜷 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝟎.𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟏)(𝟎.𝟖𝟓)(𝟔𝟎𝟎)

𝝆𝒃 = = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟔𝟏
𝒇𝒚 (𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚) 𝟒𝟏𝟓(𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝟒𝟏𝟓)

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 (𝒂𝒃 ) = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓(𝟏𝟕𝟏. 𝟖𝟒) = 𝟏𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟖 𝒎𝒎

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒃 (𝒅 − 𝟐
)

𝟏𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟖
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 (𝟐𝟏)(𝟏𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟖)(𝟐𝟓𝟎) (𝟑𝟒𝟐 − ) = 𝟏𝟓𝟗. 𝟔𝟑 𝑲𝑵 − 𝒎
𝟐

øMUmax = 0.90(159.63) = 143.67 KN-m

Check: if Mu< øMUmax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu> øMUmax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 29.79 KN-m < øMUmax = 143.67 KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │244

t
Mu1 = ϕ 0.85 f’c bf t (d- )
2

150
Mu1 = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (625) (150) (342- )
2

Mu1 = 402.13 KN-m

Mu1 = 402.13 KN-m > Mu = 29.79 KN-m, then a < t

II. a<t

bf = 625 mm

t = 150 mm a C = 0.85 f’c a b

h= 400mm d = 342 mm
d-a/2

T = Asfy

bw = 250 mm

Solve for a:
a
Mu = ϕ 0.85 f’c a bf (d- )
2
a
29.79(10 ) = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (a) (625) (342- )
6
2
a = 8.79 mm

Solve for As :
T=C
As fy = 0.85 f’c a bf
As (415) = 0.85 (21) (8.79) (625)
As = 236.30mm2

Solve minimum As is smaller value of:

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 2𝑓𝑦 𝑤
𝑏 𝑑 = 2(415)
(250)(342) = 𝟒𝟕𝟐. 𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟐 (𝑮𝑶𝑽𝑬𝑹𝑵𝑺)

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 4𝑓𝑦 𝑓
𝑏 𝑑 = 4(415)
(625)(342) = 590.08 mm2
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │245

As = 236.30 mm2 < 472.06 mm2

USE : As = 472.06 mm2

Using 16 mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 472.06
𝑛=𝜋 =𝜋 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟒 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟑 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔
(𝑑𝑏 )2 (16)2
4 4

bf = 625 mm

t = 150 mm

h= 400mm d = 342 mm

bw = 250 mm
150 mm

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟏𝟓𝟎−(𝟏𝟔)(𝟑)
𝑿 = = 𝟓𝟏 𝒎𝒎 > Ø16 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟐
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │246

*Consider Grid B, Span 1-2 and Span 10-11

W = 1.2 (DL) + 1.6 (LL)

W = 1.2 (5.679) + 1.6 (2.9)

W = 11.455 kPa

(11.455 )(3.6) (11.455 )(3.5) 3.5 2 𝑘𝑁

𝑊𝑢 = + (3 − ( ) ) + (3.534 + 7.193)(1.2) = 50.263
2 6 5 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (50.263)(4.6)2
Moment @ Exterior Support (Negative) = − 12
=− 12
= − 88.63 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (50.263)(4.6)2
Moment @ Midspan (Positive) = + 24
=+ 24
= +44.32 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (50.263)(4.6)2
Moment @ Interior Support (Negative) = − =− = −88.63 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
12 12

Beam Size = 300 mm x 500 mm ( from preliminary sizing)

@ Exterior Support and Interior Support

I. Solve for pmax, pb, pmin, ω and Mumax

Since : 21 Mpa < 28 Mpa , β = 0.85

0.85 𝑓′ 𝑐 𝛽 600 0.85(21)(0.85)(600)

𝝆𝑏 = 𝑓𝑦 (600+𝑓𝑦)
= 415(600+415)
= 0.02161

𝝆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝜌𝑏 = 0.75(0.02161) = 0.01621

√(𝑓′𝑐) √(21) 1.4

𝝆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 4𝑓𝑦
= 4(415) = 0.00276 but not less than 415
= 0.00337

𝑓𝑦 415
𝝎=𝝆 = (0.01621) = 0.32034
𝑓′𝑐 21

main bars ø
d = h − concrete cover − − stirrupsø
2
16
d = 500 − 40 − − 10
2

d = 442 mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │247

Mumax = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)

Mumax = (0.90) (21) (300) (440)2(0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))

Mumax = 287.78KN-m

Check: if Mu<Mumax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu>Mumax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 88.63 KN-m < Mumax = 287.78KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

II. Solve for bd2

Mu = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)
88.63x106 = (0.90) (21) (bd2) (0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))
bd2 = 18050417.07
: Try ratio d = 1.75b

𝑑
( )𝑑2 = 18050417.07
1.75

d = 316.11 mm say 320 mm

Say h = 320 mm say 400 mm

Check miminum thickness of beam, Simply Supported,

𝑙 𝑓𝑦 5000 415
(0.40 + ) = (0.40 + ) = 310.27 𝑚𝑚 < 316.11 𝑚𝑚 ( ok )
16 700 16 700

bd2 = 18050417.07
b = 176.27 mm say 250 mm

USE 250 mm x 400 mm

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │248

III. Solve for p

Mu = Ru b d2

88.63x106 = (0.90) Ru (250) (320)2

Ru = 3.21

0.85 𝑓′𝑐 2 𝑅𝑢 0.85(21) 2 (3.84)

𝜌= (1− √ ′
)= (1− √ ) = 0.01480
𝑓𝑦 0.85 𝑓 𝑐 415 0.85(21)

Since: pmin = 0.00337 < p = 0.01480 < pmax = 0.01621

Use: p = 0.01480

As = p b d = (0.01480) (250) (320)

As = 1184 mm2

Using 16mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 1184
𝑛=𝜋 =𝜋 = 5.89 𝑠𝑎𝑦 6 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
(𝑑 ) 2 (16) 2
4 𝑏 4

Spacing of 16mm ø bar:

250 mm
400 mm

d = 295 mm

X
16 + 25 = 41 say 47
40 + 10 + 8 = 58
mm
150 mm
Check for actual d:
6y = 2(47)
y = 15.67 mm say 16 mm
d = 295 + 47 -16 = 326 mm > 300 mm (OK)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │249

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟏𝟓𝟎−(𝟏𝟔)(𝟒)
𝑿 = = 𝟐𝟖. 𝟔𝟕 𝒎𝒎 > Ø16 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟑

@ MIDSPAN, Interior Beam

For bf, least of: NSCP TABLE 406.3.2.1

1. bf = bw + 2(8t) = 250 + 2 x (8x150) = 2650mm

L (5000)
2. bf = 4 = = 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎 (Adopt)
4

3. bf = bw+2(clear transverse span)/2 = 1875mm

I. Assume that the entire flange is in compression and solve for Mu1

𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒅 𝟔𝟎𝟎(𝟑𝟒𝟐)
𝑪𝒃 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚
= 𝟔𝟎𝟎+(𝟒𝟏𝟓)
= 𝟐𝟎𝟐. 𝟏𝟕 𝒎𝒎

𝒂𝒃 = 𝑩𝟏 𝑪𝒃 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟎𝟐. 𝟏𝟕) = 𝟏𝟕𝟏. 𝟖𝟒 𝒎𝒎

𝟎.𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝜷 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝟎.𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟏)(𝟎.𝟖𝟓)(𝟔𝟎𝟎)

𝝆𝒃 = = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟔𝟏
𝒇𝒚 (𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚) 𝟒𝟏𝟓(𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝟒𝟏𝟓)

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 (𝒂𝒃 ) = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓(𝟏𝟕𝟏. 𝟖𝟒) = 𝟏𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟖 𝒎𝒎

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒃 (𝒅 − 𝟐
)

𝟏𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟖
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 (𝟐𝟏)(𝟏𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟖)(𝟐𝟓𝟎) (𝟑𝟒𝟐 − ) = 𝟏𝟓𝟗. 𝟔𝟑 𝑲𝑵 − 𝒎
𝟐

øMUmax = 0.90(159.63) = 143.67 KN-m

Check: if Mu< øMUmax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu> øMUmax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 44.32 KN-m < øMUmax = 143.67 KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │250

t
Mu1 = ϕ 0.85 f’c bf t (d- )
2

150
Mu1 = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (1250) (150) (342- )
2

Mu1 = 804.25 KN-m

Mu1 = 804.25 KN-m > Mu = 44.31 KN-m, then a < t

II. a<t

bf = 1250 mm

a C = 0.85 f’c a b
t = 150 mm

h= 400mm d = 342 mm
d-a/2

T = Asfy

bw = 250 mm

Solve for a:
a
Mu = ϕ 0.85 f’c a bf (d- )
2
a
44.32(10 ) = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (a) (1250) (342- )
6
2
a = 6.51 mm

Solve for As :
T=C
As fy = 0.85 f’c a bf
As (415) = 0.85 (21) (6.51) (1250)
As = 350.01 mm2

Solve minimum As is smaller value of:

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = (250)(342) = 𝟒𝟕𝟐. 𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟐 (𝑮𝑶𝑽𝑬𝑹𝑵𝑺)
2𝑓𝑦 2(415)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │251

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑏𝑓 𝑑 = (1250)(342) = 1180.15 mm2
4𝑓𝑦 4(415)

As = 350.01 mm2 < 472.06 mm2

USE : As = 472.06 mm2

Using 16mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 472.06
𝑛=𝜋 =𝜋 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟒 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟑 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔
(𝑑 ) 2 (16) 2
4 𝑏 4

bf = 1250
mm

t = 150 mm

h= 400mm d = 342 mm

bw = 250 mm

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟏𝟓𝟎−(𝟏𝟔)(𝟑)
𝑿 = = 𝟓𝟏 𝒎𝒎 > Ø16 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟐
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │252

*Consider Grid C, Span 1-2 and Span 10-11

W = 1.2 (DL) + 1.6 (LL)

W = 1.2 (5.679) + 1.6 (2.9)

W = 11.455 kPa

(11.455 )(3.6) (11.455 )(2.5) 2.5 2 𝑘𝑁

𝑊𝑢 = + [( ) (3 − ( ) )] + (3.534 + 7.193)(1.2) = 46.617
2 6 5 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (46.617)(4.6)2
Moment @ Exterior Support (Negative) = − 16
=− 16
= − 61.65 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (46.617)(4.6)2
Moment @ Midspan (Positive) = + 14
=+ 14
= +70.46 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (46.617)(4.6)2
Moment @ Interior Support (Negative) = − 10
=− 10
= −98.64 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

Beam Size = 300 mm x 500 mm ( from preliminary sizing)

@ Exterior Support and Interior Support

I. Solve for pmax, pb, pmin, ω and Mumax

Since : 21 Mpa < 28 Mpa , β = 0.85

0.85 𝑓′ 𝑐 𝛽 600 0.85(21)(0.85)(600)

𝝆𝑏 = 𝑓𝑦 (600+𝑓𝑦)
= 415(600+415)
= 0.02161

𝝆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝜌𝑏 = 0.75(0.02161) = 0.01621

√(𝑓′𝑐) √(21) 1.4

𝝆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 4𝑓𝑦
= 4(415) = 0.00276 but not less than 415
= 0.00337

𝑓𝑦 415
𝝎=𝝆 = (0.01621) = 0.32034
𝑓′𝑐 21

main bars ø
d = h − concrete cover − − stirrupsø
2
16
d = 500 − 40 − − 10
2

d = 442 mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │253

Mumax = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)

Mumax = (0.90) (21) (300) (442)2(0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))

Mumax = 287.78KN-m

Check: if Mu<Mumax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu>Mumax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 98.64 KN-m < Mumax = 287.78KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

II. Solve for bd2

Mu = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)
98.64x106 = (0.90) (21) (bd2) (0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))
bd2 = 20089057.20
: Try ratio d = 1.50b

𝑑
( )𝑑2 = 20089057.20
1.50

d = 311.18 mm say 320 mm

Say h =320 mm say 400 mm

Check miminum thickness of beam, Both Ends Continuous,

𝑙 𝑓𝑦 5000 415
21
(0.40 + 700) = 21
(0.40 + 700) = 236.39 𝑚𝑚 < 311.18 𝑚𝑚 ( ok )

bd2 = 20089057.20

b = 223.21mm say 250 mm

USE 250 mm x 400 mm

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │254

III. Solve for p

Mu = Ru b d2

98.64x106 = (0.90) Ru (250) (320)2

Ru = 4.28

0.85 𝑓′𝑐 2 𝑅𝑢 0.85(21) 2 (4.28)

𝜌= (1− √ ′
)= (1− √ ) = 0.01323
𝑓𝑦 0.85 𝑓 𝑐 415 0.85(21)

Since: pmin = 0.00337 < p = 0.01323 < pmax = 0.01621

Use: p = 0.01323

As = p b d = (0.01323) (250) (320)

As = 1058.40 mm2

Using 16mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 1058.40
𝑛=𝜋 = 𝜋 = 5.26 𝑠𝑎𝑦 6 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
(𝑑 ) 2 (16) 2
4 𝑏 4

Spacing of 16mm ø bar:

250 mm
400 mm

d = 295 mm

X
16 + 25 = 41 say 47
40 + 10 + 8 = 58
mm
150 mm
Check for actual d:
6y = 2(47)
y = 15.67 mm say 16 mm
d = 295 + 47 -16 = 326 mm > 300 mm (OK)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │255

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟏𝟓𝟎−(𝟏𝟔)(𝟒)
𝑿 = = 𝟐𝟖. 𝟔𝟕 𝒎𝒎 > Ø16 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟑
@ MIDSPAN, Interior Beam

For bf, least of: NSCP TABLE 406.3.2.1

1. bf = bw + 2(8t) = 250 + 2 x (8x150) = 2650mm

L (5000)
2. bf = 4 = = 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎 (Adopt)
4

3. bf = bw+2(clear transverse span)/2 = 1606.25mm

I. Assume that the entire flange is in compression and solve for Mu1

𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒅 𝟔𝟎𝟎(𝟑𝟒𝟐)
𝑪𝒃 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚
= 𝟔𝟎𝟎+(𝟒𝟏𝟓)
= 𝟐𝟎𝟐. 𝟏𝟕 𝒎𝒎

𝒂𝒃 = 𝑩𝟏 𝑪𝒃 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟎𝟐. 𝟏𝟕) = 𝟏𝟕𝟏. 𝟖𝟒 𝒎𝒎

𝟎.𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝜷 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝟎.𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟏)(𝟎.𝟖𝟓)(𝟔𝟎𝟎)

𝝆𝒃 = = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟔𝟏
𝒇𝒚 (𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚) 𝟒𝟏𝟓(𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝟒𝟏𝟓)

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 (𝒂𝒃 ) = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓(𝟏𝟕𝟏. 𝟖𝟒) = 𝟏𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟖 𝒎𝒎

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒃 (𝒅 − 𝟐
)

𝟏𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟖
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 (𝟐𝟏)(𝟏𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟖)(𝟐𝟓𝟎) (𝟑𝟒𝟐 − ) = 𝟏𝟓𝟗. 𝟔𝟑 𝑲𝑵 − 𝒎
𝟐

øMUmax = 0.90(159.63) = 143.67 KN-m

Check: if Mu< øMUmax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu> øMUmax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 70.46 KN-m < øMUmax = 143.67 KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │256

t
Mu1 = ϕ 0.85 f’c bf t (d- )
2
150
Mu1 = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (1250) (150) (342- )
2
Mu1 = 804.25 KN-m

Mu1 = 804.25 KN-m > Mu = 44.31 KN-m, then a < t

II. a<t

bf = 1250 mm

a C = 0.85 f’c a b
t = 150 mm

h= 400mm d = 342 mm
d-a/2

T = Asfy

bw = 250 mm

Solve for a:
a
Mu = ϕ 0.85 f’c a bf (d- )
2
a
44.32(10 ) = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (a) (1250) (342- )
6
2
a = 6.51 mm

Solve for As :
T=C
As fy = 0.85 f’c a bf
As (415) = 0.85 (21) (6.51) (1250)
As = 350.01 mm2

Solve minimum As is smaller value of:

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = (250)(342) = 𝟒𝟕𝟐. 𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟐 (𝑮𝑶𝑽𝑬𝑹𝑵𝑺)
2𝑓𝑦 2(415)

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑏 𝑑 = (1250)(342) = 1180.15 mm2
4𝑓𝑦 𝑓 4(415)
As = 350.01 mm2 < 472.06 mm2

USE : As = 472.06 mm2

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │257

Using 16mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 472.06
𝑛=𝜋 =𝜋 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟒 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟑 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔
(𝑑 ) 2 (16) 2
4 𝑏 4

bf = 1250
mm

t = 150 mm

h= 400mm d = 342 mm

bw = 250 mm

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟏𝟓𝟎−(𝟏𝟔)(𝟑)
𝑿 = = 𝟓𝟏 𝒎𝒎 > Ø16 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟐
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │258

*Consider Grid C, Span 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, 5-6, 6-7, 7-8, 8-9, 9-10

W = 1.2 (DL) + 1.6 (LL)

W = 1.2 (5.679) + 1.6 (2.9)

W = 11.455 kPa

(11.455)(4.5) (11.455)(2.5) 2.5 2 𝑘𝑁

𝑊𝑢 = [ ] + ([( ) (3 − ( ) )] + [(3.534)(1.2)]) = 34.269
3 6 4.5 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (34.269)(4.2)2
Moment @ Exterior Support (Negative) = − =− = − 54.96 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
11 11

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (34.269)(4.2)2
Moment @ Midspan (Positive) = + =+ = +37.78 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
16 16

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (34.269)(4.2)2
Moment @ Interior Support (Negative) = − 11
=− 11
= −54.96 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

Beam Size = 300 mm x 500 mm ( from preliminary sizing)

@ Exterior Support and Interior Support

I. Solve for pmax, pb, pmin, ω and Mumax

Since : 21 Mpa < 28 Mpa , β = 0.85

0.85 𝑓′ 𝑐 𝛽 600 0.85(21)(0.85)(600)

𝝆𝑏 = 𝑓𝑦 (600+𝑓𝑦)
= 415(600+415)
= 0.02161

𝝆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝜌𝑏 = 0.75(0.02161) = 0.01621

√(𝑓′𝑐) √(21) 1.4

𝝆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 but not less than = 0.00337
4𝑓𝑦 4(415) 415

𝑓𝑦 415
𝝎=𝝆 = (0.01621) = 0.32034
𝑓′𝑐 21

main bars ø
d = h − concrete cover − − stirrupsø
2
16
d = 500 − 40 − − 10
2

d = 442 mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │259

Mumax = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)

Mumax = (0.90) (21) (300) (442)2(0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))

Mumax = 287.78KN-m

Check: if Mu<Mumax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu>Mumax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 54.96 KN-m < Mumax = 287.78KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

II. Solve for bd2

Mu = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)
54.96 x106 = (0.90) (21) (bd2) (0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))
bd2 = 11193172.99
: Try ratio d = 2b

𝑑
( )𝑑2 = 11193172.99
2

d = 281.83 mm say 300 mm

Say h =300 mm say 400 mm

Check miminum thickness of beam, Both Ends Continuous,

𝑙 𝑓𝑦 4500 415
21
(0.40 + 700) = 21
(0.40 + 700) = 212.75 𝑚𝑚 < 281.83 𝑚𝑚 ( ok )

bd2 = 11193172.99

b = 124.37 mm say 250 mm

USE 250 mm x 400 mm

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │260

III. Solve for p

Mu = Ru b d2

54.96 x106 = (0.90) Ru (250) (300)2

Ru = 2.71

0.85 𝑓′𝑐 2 𝑅𝑢 0.85(21) 2 (2.71)

𝜌= (1− √ ′
)= (1− √ ) = 0.01931
𝑓𝑦 0.85 𝑓 𝑐 415 0.85(21)

Since: pmin = 0.00337 < pmax = 0.01621 < p = 0.01931

Use: p = 0.01621

As = p b d = (0.01621) (250) (300)

As = 1215.75 mm2

Using 16mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 1215.75
𝑛=𝜋 = 𝜋 = 6.04 𝑠𝑎𝑦 6 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
(𝑑 ) 2 (16) 2
4 𝑏 4

Spacing of 16mm ø bar:

250 mm
400 mm

d = 295 mm

X
16 + 25 = 41 say 47
40 + 10 + 8 = 58
mm
150 mm
Check for actual d:
6y = 2(47)
y = 15.67 mm say 16 mm
d = 295 + 47 -16 = 326 mm > 300 mm (OK)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │261

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟏𝟓𝟎−(𝟏𝟔)(𝟒)
𝑿 = = 𝟐𝟖. 𝟔𝟕 𝒎𝒎 > Ø16 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟑

@ MIDSPAN, Interior Beam

For bf, least of: NSCP TABLE 406.3.2.1

1. bf = bw + 2(8t) = 250 + 2 x (8x150) = 2650mm

L (4500)
2. bf = 4 = = 𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝒎 (Adopt)
4

3. bf = bw+2(clear transverse span)/2 = 3625 mm

I. Assume that the entire flange is in compression and solve for Mu1

𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒅 𝟔𝟎𝟎(𝟑𝟒𝟐)
𝑪𝒃 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚
= 𝟔𝟎𝟎+(𝟒𝟏𝟓)
= 𝟐𝟎𝟐. 𝟏𝟕 𝒎𝒎

𝒂𝒃 = 𝑩𝟏 𝑪𝒃 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟎𝟐. 𝟏𝟕) = 𝟏𝟕𝟏. 𝟖𝟒 𝒎𝒎

𝟎.𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝜷 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝟎.𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟏)(𝟎.𝟖𝟓)(𝟔𝟎𝟎)

𝝆𝒃 = = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟔𝟏
𝒇𝒚 (𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚) 𝟒𝟏𝟓(𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝟒𝟏𝟓)

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 (𝒂𝒃 ) = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓(𝟏𝟕𝟏. 𝟖𝟒) = 𝟏𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟖 𝒎𝒎

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒃 (𝒅 − 𝟐
)

𝟏𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟖
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 (𝟐𝟏)(𝟏𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟖)(𝟐𝟓𝟎) (𝟑𝟒𝟐 − ) = 𝟏𝟓𝟗. 𝟔𝟑 𝑲𝑵 − 𝒎
𝟐

øMUmax = 0.90(159.63) = 143.67 KN-m

Check: if Mu< øMUmax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu> øMUmax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 37.78 KN-m < øMUmax = 143.67 KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │262

t
Mu1 = ϕ 0.85 f’c bf t (d- )
2
150
Mu1 = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (1125) (150) (342- )
2
Mu1 = 723.83 KN-m

Mu1 = 723.83 KN-m > Mu = 37.78 KN-m, then a < t

II. a<t

bf = 1125 mm

a C = 0.85 f’c a b
t = 150 mm

h= 400mm d = 342 mm
d-a/2

T = Asfy

bw = 250 mm

Solve for a:
a
Mu = ϕ 0.85 f’c a bf (d- )
2
a
37.78 (10 ) = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (a) (1125) (342- )
6
2
a = 6.17 mm

Solve for As :
T=C
As fy = 0.85 f’c a bf
As (415) = 0.85 (21) (6.17) (1125)
As = 298.56 mm2

Solve minimum As is smaller value of:

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = (250)(342) = 𝟒𝟕𝟐. 𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟐 (𝑮𝑶𝑽𝑬𝑹𝑵𝑺)
2𝑓𝑦 2(415)

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑏 𝑑 = (1125)(342) = 1062.14 mm2
4𝑓𝑦 𝑓 4(415)
As = 298.56 mm2 < 472.06 mm2

USE : As = 472.06 mm2

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │263

Using 16mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 472.06
𝑛=𝜋 =𝜋 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟒 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟑 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔
(𝑑 ) 2 (16) 2
4 𝑏 4

bf = 1125
mm

t = 150 mm

h= 400mm d = 342 mm

bw = 250 mm

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟏𝟓𝟎−(𝟏𝟔)(𝟑)
𝑿 = = 𝟓𝟏 𝒎𝒎 > Ø16 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟐
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │264

*Consider Grid D, Span 1-11

W = 1.2 (DL) + 1.6 (LL)

W = 1.2 (5.679) + 1.6 (2.9)

W = 11.455 kPa

(11.455 )(2.5) 2.5 2 𝑘𝑁

𝑊𝑢 = ([( ) (3 − ( ) )] + [(4.665 + 2.827)(1.2)]) = 21.836
6 4.5 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (21.836)(4.2)2
Moment @ Exterior Support (Negative) = − 11
=− 11
= − 35.02 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (21.836)(4.2)2
Moment @ Midspan (Positive) = + 16
=+ 16
= +24.07 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (21.836)(4.2)2
Moment @ Interior Support (Negative) = − 11
=− 11
= −35.02𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

Beam Size = 250 mm x 400 mm ( from preliminary sizing)

@ Exterior Support and Interior Support

I. Solve for pmax, pb, pmin, ω and Mumax

Since : 21 Mpa < 28 Mpa , β = 0.85

0.85 𝑓′ 𝑐 𝛽 600 0.85(21)(0.85)(600)

𝝆𝑏 = 𝑓𝑦 (600+𝑓𝑦)
= 415(600+415)
= 0.02161

𝝆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝜌𝑏 = 0.75(0.02161) = 0.01621

√(𝑓′𝑐) √(21) 1.4

𝝆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 4𝑓𝑦
= 4(415) = 0.00276 but not less than 415
= 0.00337

𝑓𝑦 415
𝝎=𝝆 = (0.01621) = 0.32034
𝑓′𝑐 21

main bars ø
d = h − concrete cover − − stirrupsø
2
16
d = 400 − 40 − − 10
2

d = 342 mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │265

Mumax = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)

Mumax = (0.90) (21) (250) (342)2(0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))

Mumax = 143.58KN-m

Check: if Mu<Mumax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu>Mumax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 35.02 KN-m < Mumax = 143.58KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

II. Solve for bd2

Mu = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)
35.02 x106 = (0.90) (21) (bd2) (0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))
bd2 = 7132185.55
: Try ratio d = 1.50b

𝑑
( )𝑑2 = 7132185.55
1.50

d = 220.35 mm say 250 mm

Say h =250 mm say 350 mm

Check miminum thickness of beam, Both Ends Continuous,

𝑙 𝑓𝑦 4500 415
21
(0.40 + 700) = 21
(0.40 + 700) = 212.75 𝑚𝑚 < 220.35𝑚𝑚 ( ok )

bd2 = 7132185.55

b = 114.11 mm say 250 mm

USE 250 mm x 350 mm

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │266

III. Solve for p

Mu = Ru b d2

35.02 x106 = (0.90) Ru (250) (250)2

Ru = 2.49

0.85 𝑓′𝑐 2 𝑅𝑢 0.85(21) 2 (2.49)

𝜌= (1− √ ′
)= (1− √ ) = 0.0203
𝑓𝑦 0.85 𝑓 𝑐 415 0.85(21)

Since: pmin = 0.00337 < pmax = 0.01621 < p = 0.0203

Use: p = 0.01621

As = p b d = (0.01621) (250) (250)

As = 1013.13 mm2

Using 16mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 1013.13
𝑛=𝜋 = 𝜋 = 5.04 𝑠𝑎𝑦 5 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
(𝑑 ) 2 (16) 2
4 𝑏 4

Spacing of 16mm ø bar:

250 mm
350 mm

d = 250 mm

X
16 + 25 = 41 say 42
40 + 10 + 8 = 58
mm
150 mm
Check for actual d:
5y = 2(42)
y = 16.8 mm say 17 mm
d = 250 + 42 -17 = 275 mm > 250 mm (OK)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │267

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟏𝟓𝟎−(𝟏𝟔)(𝟑)
𝑿 = = 𝟓𝟏 𝒎𝒎 > Ø16 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟐

@ MIDSPAN, End Beam

For bf, least of: NSCP TABLE 406.3.2.1

1. bf = bw + 6(t) = 250 + 6 x (150) = 1150mm

L (4500)
2. bf = 𝑏𝑤 + (12) = 250 + = 𝟔𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝒎 (Adopt)
12

3. bf = bw+(clear transverse span)/2 = 1350mm

I. Assume that the entire flange is in compression and solve for Mu1

𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒅 𝟔𝟎𝟎(𝟐𝟗𝟐)
𝑪𝒃 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚
= 𝟔𝟎𝟎+(𝟒𝟏𝟓)
= 𝟏𝟕𝟐. 𝟔𝟏 𝒎𝒎

𝒂𝒃 = 𝑩𝟏 𝑪𝒃 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓(𝟏𝟕𝟐. 𝟔𝟏) = 𝟏𝟒𝟔. 𝟕𝟐 𝒎𝒎

𝟎.𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝜷 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝟎.𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟏)(𝟎.𝟖𝟓)(𝟔𝟎𝟎)

𝝆𝒃 = 𝒇𝒚 (𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚)
= 𝟒𝟏𝟓(𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝟒𝟏𝟓)
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟔𝟏

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 (𝒂𝒃 ) = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓(𝟏𝟒𝟔. 𝟕𝟐) = 𝟏𝟏𝟎. 𝟎𝟒 𝒎𝒎

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒃 (𝒅 − 𝟐
)

𝟏𝟏𝟎. 𝟎𝟒
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 (𝟐𝟏)(𝟏𝟏𝟎. 𝟎𝟒)(𝟐𝟓𝟎) (𝟐𝟗𝟐 − ) = 𝟏𝟏𝟔. 𝟑𝟕 𝑲𝑵 − 𝒎
𝟐

øMUmax = 0.90(116.37) = 104.73 KN-m

Check: if Mu< øMUmax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu> øMUmax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 24.07 KN-m < øMUmax = 104.73 KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │268

t
Mu1 = ϕ 0.85 f’c bf t (d- )
2

150
Mu1 = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (625) (150) (292- )
2

Mu1 = 326.82 KN-m

Mu1 = 326.82 KN-m > Mu = 24.07 KN-m, then a < t

II. a<t

bf = 625 mm

t = 150 mm a C = 0.85 f’c a b

h= 350mm d = 292 mm
d-a/2

T = Asfy

bw = 250 mm

Solve for a:
a
Mu = ϕ 0.85 f’c a bf (d- )
2
a
24.07 (10 ) = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (a) (625) (292- )
6
2
a = 8.32 mm

Solve for As :
T=C
As fy = 0.85 f’c a bf
As (415) = 0.85 (21) (8.32) (625)
As = 223.66mm2

Solve minimum As is smaller value of:

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 2𝑓𝑦 𝑤
𝑏 𝑑 = 2(415)
(250)(292) = 𝟒𝟎𝟑. 𝟎𝟓 𝒎𝒎𝟐 (𝑮𝑶𝑽𝑬𝑹𝑵𝑺)

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 4𝑓𝑦 𝑓
𝑏 𝑑 = 4(415)
(625)(292) = 503.81 mm2
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │269

As = 223.66 mm2 < 403.05 mm2

USE : As = 403.05 mm2

Using 16 mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 403.05
𝑛=𝜋 =𝜋 = 𝟐 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔
(𝑑 ) 2 (16) 2
4 𝑏 4

bf = 625 mm

t = 150 mm

h= 350mm d = 292 mm

bw = 250 mm
150 mm

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟏𝟓𝟎−(𝟏𝟔)(𝟐)
𝑿 = = 𝟏𝟏𝟖 𝒎𝒎 > Ø16 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟏
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │270

TRANSVERSE SECTION

*Consider Grid 1 & 11, Span A-B, Span B-C

W = 1.2 (DL) + 1.6 (LL)

W = 1.2 (5.679) + 1.6 (2.9)

W = 11.455 kPa

(11.455)(3.5) 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = [ + [(4.665 + 3.534)(1.2)]] = 23.203
3 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (23.203)(3.5)2
Moment @ Exterior Support (Negative) = − 16
=− 16
= − 17.76 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (23.203)(3.5)2
Moment @ Midspan (Positive) = + 14
=+ 14
= +20.30 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (23.203)(3.5)2
Moment @ Interior Support (Negative) = − =− = −28.42𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
10 10
Beam Size = 300 mm x 500 mm ( from preliminary sizing)

@ Exterior Support and Interior Support

IV. Solve for pmax, pb, pmin, ω and Mumax

Since : 21 Mpa < 28 Mpa , β = 0.85

0.85 𝑓′ 𝑐 𝛽 600 0.85(21)(0.85)(600)

𝝆𝑏 = 𝑓𝑦 (600+𝑓𝑦)
= 415(600+415)
= 0.02161

𝝆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝜌𝑏 = 0.75(0.02161) = 0.01621

√(𝑓′𝑐) √(21) 1.4

𝝆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 4𝑓𝑦
= 4(415) = 0.00276 but not less than 415
= 0.00337

𝑓𝑦 415
𝝎=𝝆 = (0.01621) = 0.32034
𝑓′𝑐 21

main bars ø
d = h − concrete cover − − stirrupsø
2
16
d = 500 − 40 − − 10
2

d = 442 mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │271

Mumax = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)

Mumax = (0.90) (21) (300) (442)2(0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))

Mumax = 287.78KN-m

Check: if Mu<Mumax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu>Mumax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 28.42 KN-m < Mumax = 287.78KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

V. Solve for bd2

Mu = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)
28.42x106 = (0.90) (21) (bd2) (0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))
bd2 = 5788027.225
: Try ratio d = 2b

𝑑
( )𝑑2 = 5788027.225
2

d = 226.21 mm say 300 mm

Say h =300 mm say 400 mm

Check miminum thickness of beam, Both Ends Continuous,

𝑙 𝑓𝑦 3500 415
21
(0.40 + 700) = 21
(0.40 + 700) = 165.48 𝑚𝑚 < 226.21 𝑚𝑚 ( ok )

bd2 = 5788027.225

b = 64.31mm say 250 mm

USE 250 mm x 400 mm

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │272

VI. Solve for p

Mu = Ru b d2

28.42x106 = (0.90) Ru (250) (300)2

Ru = 1.40

0.85 𝑓′𝑐 2 𝑅𝑢 0.85(21) 2 (1.40)

𝜌= (1− √ ′
)= (1− √ ) = 0.02598
𝑓𝑦 0.85 𝑓 𝑐 415 0.85(21)

Since: pmin = 0.00337 < pmax = 0.01621< p = 0.02598

Use: p = 0.01621

As = p b d = (0.01621) (250) (300)

As = 1215.75 mm2

Using 16mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 1215.75
𝑛=𝜋 = 𝜋 = 6.05 𝑠𝑎𝑦 6 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
(𝑑 ) 2 (16) 2
4 𝑏 4

Spacing of 16mm ø bar:

250 mm
400 mm

d = 295 mm
X
16 + 25 = 41 say 47
40 + 10 + 8 = 58
mm
150 mm
Check for actual d:
6y = 2(47)
y = 15.67 mm say 16 mm
d = 295 + 47 -16 = 326 mm > 300 mm (OK)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │273

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟏𝟓𝟎−(𝟏𝟔)(𝟒)
𝑿 = = 𝟐𝟖. 𝟔𝟕 𝒎𝒎 > Ø16 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟑

@ MIDSPAN, End Beam

For bf, least of: NSCP TABLE 406.3.2.1

1. bf = bw + 6(t) = 250 + 6 x (150) = 1150mm

L (3500)
2. bf = 𝑏𝑤 + (12) = 250 + = 𝟓𝟒𝟏. 𝟔𝟕 𝒎𝒎 (Adopt)
12

3. bf = bw+(clear transverse span)/2 = 1875mm

III. Assume that the entire flange is in compression and solve for Mu1

𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒅 𝟔𝟎𝟎(𝟑𝟒𝟐)
𝑪𝒃 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚
= 𝟔𝟎𝟎+(𝟒𝟏𝟓)
= 𝟐𝟎𝟐. 𝟏𝟕 𝒎𝒎

𝒂𝒃 = 𝑩𝟏 𝑪𝒃 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟎𝟐. 𝟏𝟕) = 𝟏𝟕𝟏. 𝟖𝟒 𝒎𝒎

𝟎.𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝜷 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝟎.𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟏)(𝟎.𝟖𝟓)(𝟔𝟎𝟎)

𝝆𝒃 = = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟔𝟏
𝒇𝒚 (𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚) 𝟒𝟏𝟓(𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝟒𝟏𝟓)

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 (𝒂𝒃 ) = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓(𝟏𝟕𝟏. 𝟖𝟒) = 𝟏𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟖 𝒎𝒎

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒃 (𝒅 − 𝟐
)

𝟏𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟖
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 (𝟐𝟏)(𝟏𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟖)(𝟐𝟓𝟎) (𝟑𝟎𝟎 − ) = 𝟏𝟓𝟗. 𝟔𝟑 𝑲𝑵 − 𝒎
𝟐

øMUmax = 0.90(159.63) = 143.67 KN-m

Check: if Mu< øMUmax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu> øMUmax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 20.30 KN-m < øMUmax = 143.67 KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │274

t
Mu1 = ϕ 0.85 f’c bf t (d- )
2

150
Mu1 = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (541.67 ) (150) (342- )
2

Mu1 = 348.51 KN-m

Mu1 = 348.51 KN-m > Mu = 20.30KN-m, then a < t

IV. a<t

bf = 541.67 mm

t = 150 mm a C = 0.85 f’c a b

h= 400mm d = 342 mm
d-a/2

T = Asfy

bw = 250 mm

Solve for a:
a
Mu = ϕ 0.85 f’c a bf (d- )
2
a
20.30(10 ) = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (a) (541.67 ) (342- )
6
2
a = 6.89 mm

Solve for As :
T=C
As fy = 0.85 f’c a bf
As (415) = 0.85 (21) (6.89) (541.67)
As = 160.53 mm2

Solve minimum As is smaller value of:

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 2𝑓𝑦 𝑤
𝑏 𝑑 = 2(415)
(250)(342) = 𝟒𝟕𝟐. 𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟐 (GOVERNS)

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 4𝑓𝑦 𝑓
𝑏 𝑑 = 4(415)
(541.67 )(342) = 511.40 mm2
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │275

As = 160.53 mm2 < 472.06 mm2

USE : As = 472.06 mm2

Using 16mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 472.06
𝑛=𝜋 =𝜋 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟒 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟑 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔
(𝑑 ) 2 (16) 2
4 𝑏 4

bf = 541.67
mm

t = 150 mm

h= 400mm d = 342 mm

bw = 250 mm
150 mm

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟏𝟓𝟎−(𝟏𝟔)(𝟑)
𝑿 = = 𝟓𝟏 𝒎𝒎 > Ø16 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟐
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │276

*Consider Grid 2 & 10, Span A-B & Span B-C

W = 1.2 (DL) + 1.6 (LL)

W = 1.2 (5.679) + 1.6 (2.9)

W = 11.455 kPa

(11.455 )(4.5) 4.5 2

[( ) (3 − ( ) )]
(11.455 )(3.5) 6 7 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = ( )+ + [(3.534 )(1.2)] = 28.717
3 2 𝑚
([ ] )
𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (28.717)(3.5)2
Moment @ Exterior Support (Negative) = − 16
=− 16
= − 21.99 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (28.717)(3.5)2
Moment @ Midspan (Positive) = + 14
=+ 14
= +25.13 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (28.717)(3.5)2
Moment @ Interior Support (Negative) = − 10 = − 10
= −35.18 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
Beam Size = 300 mm x 500 mm ( from preliminary sizing)

@ Exterior Support and Interior Support

IV. Solve for pmax, pb, pmin, ω and Mumax

Since : 21 Mpa < 28 Mpa , β = 0.85

0.85 𝑓′ 𝑐 𝛽 600 0.85(21)(0.85)(600)

𝝆𝑏 = 𝑓𝑦 (600+𝑓𝑦)
= 415(600+415)
= 0.02161

𝝆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝜌𝑏 = 0.75(0.02161) = 0.01621

√(𝑓′𝑐) √(21) 1.4

𝝆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 4𝑓𝑦
= 4(415) = 0.00276 but not less than 415
= 0.00337

𝑓𝑦 415
𝝎=𝝆 = (0.01621) = 0.32034
𝑓′𝑐 21

main bars ø
d = h − concrete cover − − stirrupsø
2
16
d = 500 − 40 − − 10
2

d = 442 mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │277

Mumax = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)

Mumax = (0.90) (21) (300) (442)2(0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))

Mumax = 287.78KN-m

Check: if Mu<Mumax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu>Mumax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 35.18 KN-m < Mumax = 287.78KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

V. Solve for bd2

Mu = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)
35.18x106 = (0.90) (21) (bd2) (0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))
bd2 = 7164771.21
: Try ratio d = 2b

𝑑
( )𝑑2 = 7164771.21
2

d = 242.89 mm say 300 mm

Say h = 300 mm say 400 mm

Check miminum thickness of beam, Both Ends Continuous,

𝑙 𝑓𝑦 3500 415
21
(0.40 + 700) = 21
(0.40 + 700) = 165.48 𝑚𝑚 < 316.11 𝑚𝑚 ( ok )

bd2 = 7164771.21
b = 79.60 mm say 250 mm

USE 250 mm x 400 mm

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │278

VI. Solve for p

Mu = Ru b d2

35.18x106 = (0.90) Ru (250) (300)2

Ru = 1.74

0.85 𝑓′𝑐 2 𝑅𝑢 0.85(21) 2 (1.74)

𝜌= (1− √ ′
)= (1− √ ) = 0.0240
𝑓𝑦 0.85 𝑓 𝑐 415 0.85(21)

Since: pmin = 0.00337 < pmax = 0.01621< p = 0.0240

Use: p = 0.01621

As = p b d = (0.01621) (250) (300)

As = 1215.75 mm2

Using 16mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 1215.75
𝑛=𝜋 = 𝜋 = 6.05 𝑠𝑎𝑦 6 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
(𝑑 ) 2 (16) 2
4 𝑏 4

Spacing of 16mm ø bar:

250 mm
400 mm

d = 295 mm

X
16 + 25 = 41 say 47
40 + 10 + 8 = 58
mm
150 mm
Check for actual d:
6y = 2(47)
y = 15.67 mm say 16 mm
d = 295 + 47 -16 = 326 mm > 300 mm (OK)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │279

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟏𝟓𝟎−(𝟏𝟔)(𝟒)
𝑿 = = 𝟐𝟖. 𝟔𝟕 𝒎𝒎 > Ø16 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟑
@ MIDSPAN, Interior Beam

For bf, least of: NSCP TABLE 406.3.2.1

1. bf = bw + 2(8t) = 250 + 2 x (8x150) = 2650mm

L (3500)
2. bf = 4 = = 𝟖𝟕𝟓 𝒎𝒎 (Adopt)
4

3. bf = bw+2(clear transverse span)/2 = 1875mm

III. Assume that the entire flange is in compression and solve for Mu1

𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒅 𝟔𝟎𝟎(𝟑𝟒𝟐)
𝑪𝒃 = = = 𝟐𝟎𝟐. 𝟏𝟕 𝒎𝒎
𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚 𝟔𝟎𝟎+(𝟒𝟏𝟓)

𝒂𝒃 = 𝑩𝟏 𝑪𝒃 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟎𝟐. 𝟏𝟕) = 𝟏𝟕𝟏. 𝟖𝟒 𝒎𝒎

𝟎.𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝜷 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝟎.𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟏)(𝟎.𝟖𝟓)(𝟔𝟎𝟎)

𝝆𝒃 = 𝒇𝒚 (𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚)
= 𝟒𝟏𝟓(𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝟒𝟏𝟓)
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟔𝟏

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 (𝒂𝒃 ) = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓(𝟏𝟕𝟏. 𝟖𝟒) = 𝟏𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟖 𝒎𝒎

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒃 (𝒅 − 𝟐
)

𝟏𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟖
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 (𝟐𝟏)(𝟏𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟖)(𝟐𝟓𝟎) (𝟑𝟒𝟐 − ) = 𝟏𝟓𝟗. 𝟔𝟑 𝑲𝑵 − 𝒎
𝟐

øMUmax = 0.90(159.63) = 143.67 KN-m

Check: if Mu< øMUmax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu> øMUmax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 25.13 KN-m < øMUmax = 143.67 KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │280

t
Mu1 = ϕ 0.85 f’c bf t (d- )
2

150
Mu1 = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (875) (150) (342- )
2

Mu1 = 562.98 KN-m

Mu1 = 562.98 KN-m > Mu = 25.13 KN-m, then a < t

IV. a<t

bf = 875 mm

a C = 0.85 f’c a b
t = 150 mm

h= 400mm d = 342 mm
d-a/2

T = Asfy

bw = 250 mm

Solve for a:
a
Mu = ϕ 0.85 f’c a bf (d- )
2
a
25.13(106 ) = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (a) (875) (342- )
2
a = 5.27 mm

Solve for As :
T=C
As fy = 0.85 f’c a bf
As (415) = 0.85 (21) (5.27) (875)
As = 198.34 mm2

Solve minimum As is smaller value of:

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = (250)(342) = 𝟒𝟕𝟐. 𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟐 (𝑮𝑶𝑽𝑬𝑹𝑵𝑺)
2𝑓𝑦 2(415)

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 4𝑓𝑦 𝑓
𝑏 𝑑 = 4(415)
(875)(342) = 826.11 mm2
As = 198.34 mm2 < 472.06 mm2
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │281

USE : As = 472.06 mm2

Using 16mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 472.06
𝑛=𝜋 =𝜋 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟒 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟑 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔
(𝑑 ) 2 (16) 2
4 𝑏 4

bf = 875mm

t = 150 mm

h= 400mm d = 342 mm

bw = 250 mm

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟏𝟓𝟎−(𝟏𝟔)(𝟑)
𝑿 = = 𝟓𝟏 𝒎𝒎 > Ø16 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟐
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │282

*Consider Grid 3, 5, 7, & 9, Span A-C

W = 1.2 (DL) + 1.6 (LL)

W = 1.2 (5.679) + 1.6 (2.9)

W = 11.455 kPa

(11.455)(4.5) 4.5 2 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = ([( ) (3 − ( ) )] + [(4.241)(1.2)]) (2) = 54.625
6 7 𝑚
𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (54.625)(3.5)2
Moment @ Exterior Support (Negative) = − =− = − 41.82 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
16 16

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (54.625)(3.5)2
Moment @ Midspan (Positive) = + 14
=+ 14
= +47.80 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (54.625)(3.5)2
Moment @ Interior Support (Negative) = − =− = −74.35 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
9 9

Beam Size = 300 mm x 600 mm ( from preliminary sizing)

@ Exterior Support and Interior Support

VII. Solve for pmax, pb, pmin, ω and Mumax

Since : 21 Mpa < 28 Mpa , β = 0.85

0.85 𝑓′ 𝑐 𝛽 600 0.85(21)(0.85)(600)

𝝆𝑏 = 𝑓𝑦 (600+𝑓𝑦)
= 415(600+415)
= 0.02161

𝝆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝜌𝑏 = 0.75(0.02161) = 0.01621

√(𝑓′𝑐) √(21) 1.4

𝝆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 4𝑓𝑦
= 4(415) = 0.00276 but not less than 415
= 0.00337

𝑓𝑦 415
𝝎=𝝆 = (0.01621) = 0.32034
𝑓′𝑐 21

main bars ø
d = h − concrete cover − − stirrupsø
2
16
d = 600 − 40 − − 10
2

d = 542 mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │283

Mumax = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)

Mumax = (0.90) (21) (300) (542)2(0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))

Mumax = 432.73KN-m

Check: if Mu<Mumax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu>Mumax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 74.35 KN-m < Mumax = 432.73KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

VIII. Solve for bd2

Mu = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)
74.35x106 = (0.90) (21) (bd2) (0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))
bd2 = 15142147.23
: Try ratio d = 2b

𝑑
( )𝑑2 = 15142147.23
2

d = 242.89

Check miminum thickness of beam, One End Continuous,

𝑙 𝑓𝑦 7000 415
(0.40 + ) = (0.40 + ) = 375.68 𝑚𝑚 > 316.11 𝑚𝑚
18.5 700 18.5 700

Adopt d = 375.68 mm say 380 mm

Say h = 380 mm say 500 mm

bd2 = 15142147.23
b = 104.86 mm say 250 mm

USE 250 mm x 500 mm

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │284

IX. Solve for p

Mu = Ru b d2

74.35x106 = (0.90) Ru (250) (380)2

Ru = 2.29

0.85 𝑓′𝑐 2 𝑅𝑢 0.85(21) 2 (2.29)

𝜌= (1− √ ′
)= (1− √ ) = 0.02122
𝑓𝑦 0.85 𝑓 𝑐 415 0.85(21)

Since: pmin = 0.00337 < pmax = 0.01621< p = 0.02122

Use: p = 0.01621

As = p b d = (0.01621) (250) (380)

As = 1539.95 mm2

Using 16mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 1539.95
𝑛=𝜋 = 𝜋 = 7.66 𝑠𝑎𝑦 8 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
(𝑑 ) 2 (16) 2
4 𝑏 4

Spacing of 16mm ø bar:

250 mm
500 mm

d = 395 mm
X

16 + 25 = 41 say 47
40 + 10 + 8 = 58
mm
150 mm
Check for actual d:
8y = 4(47)
y = 23.5 mm say 24 mm
d = 395 + 47 -24 = 418 mm > 380 mm (OK)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │285

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟏𝟓𝟎−(𝟏𝟔)(𝟒)
𝑿 = = 𝟐𝟖. 𝟔𝟕 𝒎𝒎 > Ø16 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟑
@ MIDSPAN, Interior Beam

For bf, least of: NSCP TABLE 406.3.2.1

1. bf = bw + 2(8t) = 250 + 2 x (8x150) = 2650mm

L (7000)
2. bf = 4 = = 𝟏𝟕𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎 (Adopt)
4

3. bf = bw+2(clear transverse span)/2 = 7000mm

V. Assume that the entire flange is in compression and solve for Mu1

𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒅 𝟔𝟎𝟎(𝟑𝟒𝟐)
𝑪𝒃 = = = 𝟐𝟎𝟐. 𝟏𝟕 𝒎𝒎
𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚 𝟔𝟎𝟎+(𝟒𝟏𝟓)

𝒂𝒃 = 𝑩𝟏 𝑪𝒃 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟎𝟐. 𝟏𝟕) = 𝟏𝟕𝟏. 𝟖𝟒 𝒎𝒎

𝟎.𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝜷 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝟎.𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟏)(𝟎.𝟖𝟓)(𝟔𝟎𝟎)

𝝆𝒃 = 𝒇𝒚 (𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚)
= 𝟒𝟏𝟓(𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝟒𝟏𝟓)
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟔𝟏

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 (𝒂𝒃 ) = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓(𝟏𝟕𝟏. 𝟖𝟒) = 𝟏𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟖 𝒎𝒎

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒃 (𝒅 − 𝟐
)

𝟏𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟖
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 (𝟐𝟏)(𝟏𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟖)(𝟐𝟓𝟎) (𝟑𝟒𝟐 − ) = 𝟏𝟓𝟗. 𝟔𝟑 𝑲𝑵 − 𝒎
𝟐

øMUmax = 0.90(159.63) = 143.67 KN-m

Check: if Mu< øMUmax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu> øMUmax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 47.80 KN-m < øMUmax = 143.67 KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │286

t
Mu1 = ϕ 0.85 f’c bf t (d- )
2

150
Mu1 = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (1750) (150) (442- )
2
Mu1 = 1547.66 KN-m

Mu1 = 1547.66 KN-m > Mu = 47.80 KN-m, then a < t

VI. a<t

bf = 1750 mm

a C = 0.85 f’c a b
t = 150 mm

h= 500mm d = 442 mm
d-a/2

T = Asfy

bw = 250 mm

Solve for a:
a
Mu = ϕ 0.85 f’c a bf (d- )
2
a
47.80(10 ) = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (a) (1750) (442- )
6
2
a = 3.86 mm

Solve for As :
T=C
As fy = 0.85 f’c a bf
As (415) = 0.85 (21) (3.86) (1750)
As = 290.55 mm2

Solve minimum As is smaller value of:

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = (250)(442) = 𝟔𝟏𝟎. 𝟎𝟗 𝒎𝒎𝟐 (𝑮𝑶𝑽𝑬𝑹𝑵𝑺)
2𝑓𝑦 2(415)

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 4𝑓𝑦 𝑓
𝑏 𝑑 = 4(415)
(1750)(442) = 2135.31 mm2
As = 290.55 mm2 < 610.09 mm2

USE : As = 610.09 mm2

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │287

Using 16mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 610.09
𝑛=𝜋 =𝜋 = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟑 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟑 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔
(𝑑 ) 2 (16) 2
4 𝑏 4

bf = 1750mm

t = 150 mm

h= 500mm d = 442 mm

bw = 250 mm

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟏𝟓𝟎−(𝟏𝟔)(𝟑)
𝑿 = = 𝟓𝟏 𝒎𝒎 > Ø16 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟐
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │288

*Consider Grid 4, 6, & 8, Span A-B & Span B-C

W = 1.2 (DL) + 1.6 (LL)

W = 1.2 (5.679) + 1.6 (2.9)

W = 11.455 kPa

(11.455 )(4.5) 4.5 2

[([( ) (3 − ( ) )] + [(3.534)(1.2)]) (2)]
6 7 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = = 26.464
2 𝑚
𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (26.464)(3.5)2
Moment @ Exterior Support (Negative) = − =− = − 20.26 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
16 16

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (26.464)(3.5)2
Moment @ Midspan (Positive) = + 14
=+ 14
= +23.16 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (26.464)(3.5)2
Moment @ Interior Support (Negative) = − 10
=− 10
= −32.42 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

Beam Size = 300 mm x 500 mm ( from preliminary sizing)

@ Exterior Support and Interior Support

X. Solve for pmax, pb, pmin, ω and Mumax

Since : 21 Mpa < 28 Mpa , β = 0.85

0.85 𝑓′ 𝑐 𝛽 600 0.85(21)(0.85)(600)

𝝆𝑏 = = = 0.02161
𝑓𝑦 (600+𝑓𝑦) 415(600+415)

𝝆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝜌𝑏 = 0.75(0.02161) = 0.01621

√(𝑓′𝑐) √(21) 1.4

𝝆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 4𝑓𝑦
= 4(415) = 0.00276 but not less than 415
= 0.00337

𝑓𝑦 415
𝝎=𝝆 = (0.01621) = 0.32034
𝑓′𝑐 21

main bars ø
d = h − concrete cover − − stirrupsø
2
16
d = 500 − 40 − − 10
2

d = 442 mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │289

Mumax = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)

Mumax = (0.90) (21) (300) (442)2(0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))

Mumax = 287.78KN-m

Check: if Mu<Mumax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu>Mumax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 32.42 KN-m < Mumax = 287.78KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

XI. Solve for bd2

Mu = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)
32.42 x106 = (0.90) (21) (bd2) (0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))
bd2 = 6602668.637
: Try ratio d = 2b

𝑑
( )𝑑2 = 6602668.637
2

d = 236.36 mm say 300 mm

Say h = 300 mm say 400 mm

Check miminum thickness of beam, Both Ends Continuous,

𝑙 𝑓𝑦 3500 415
21
(0.40 + 700) = 21
(0.40 + 700) = 165.48 𝑚𝑚 < 236.36 𝑚𝑚 ( ok )

bd2 = 6602668.637
b = 73.36 mm say 250 mm

USE 250 mm x 400 mm

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │290

XII. Solve for p

Mu = Ru b d2

32.42 x106 = (0.90) Ru (250) (300)2

Ru = 1.60

0.85 𝑓′𝑐 2 𝑅𝑢 0.85(21) 2 (1.60)

𝜌= (1− √ ′
)= (1− √ ) = 0.0248
𝑓𝑦 0.85 𝑓 𝑐 415 0.85(21)

Since: pmin = 0.00337 < pmax = 0.01621< p = 0.0248

Use: p = 0.01621

As = p b d = (0.01621) (250) (300)

As = 1215.75 mm2

Using 16mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 1215.75
𝑛=𝜋 = 𝜋 = 6.05 𝑠𝑎𝑦 6 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
(𝑑 ) 2 (16) 2
4 𝑏 4

Spacing of 16mm ø bar:

250 mm
400 mm

d = 295 mm

X
16 + 25 = 41 say 47
40 + 10 + 8 = 58
mm
150 mm
Check for actual d:
6y = 2(47)
y = 15.67 mm say 16 mm
d = 295 + 47 -16 = 326 mm > 300 mm (OK)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │291

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟏𝟓𝟎−(𝟏𝟔)(𝟒)
𝑿 = = 𝟐𝟖. 𝟔𝟕 𝒎𝒎 > Ø16 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟑
@ MIDSPAN, Interior Beam

For bf, least of: NSCP TABLE 406.3.2.1

1. bf = bw + 2(8t) = 250 + 2 x (8x150) = 2650mm

L (3500)
2. bf = 4 = = 𝟖𝟕𝟓 𝒎𝒎 (Adopt)
4

3. bf = bw+2(clear transverse span)/2 = 1875mm

VII. Assume that the entire flange is in compression and solve for Mu1

𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒅 𝟔𝟎𝟎(𝟑𝟒𝟐)
𝑪𝒃 = = = 𝟐𝟎𝟐. 𝟏𝟕 𝒎𝒎
𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚 𝟔𝟎𝟎+(𝟒𝟏𝟓)

𝒂𝒃 = 𝑩𝟏 𝑪𝒃 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟎𝟐. 𝟏𝟕) = 𝟏𝟕𝟏. 𝟖𝟒 𝒎𝒎

𝟎.𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝜷 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝟎.𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟏)(𝟎.𝟖𝟓)(𝟔𝟎𝟎)

𝝆𝒃 = 𝒇𝒚 (𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚)
= 𝟒𝟏𝟓(𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝟒𝟏𝟓)
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟔𝟏

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 (𝒂𝒃 ) = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓(𝟏𝟕𝟏. 𝟖𝟒) = 𝟏𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟖 𝒎𝒎

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒃 (𝒅 − 𝟐
)

𝟏𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟖
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 (𝟐𝟏)(𝟏𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟖)(𝟐𝟓𝟎) (𝟑𝟒𝟐 − ) = 𝟏𝟓𝟗. 𝟔𝟑 𝑲𝑵 − 𝒎
𝟐

øMUmax = 0.90(159.63) = 143.67 KN-m

Check: if Mu< øMUmax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu> øMUmax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 23.16 KN-m < øMUmax = 143.67 KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │292

t
Mu1 = ϕ 0.85 f’c bf t (d- )
2

150
Mu1 = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (875) (150) (342- )
2
Mu1 = 562.98 KN-m

Mu1 = 562.98 KN-m > Mu = 23.16 KN-m, then a < t

VIII. a < t

bf = 875 mm

a C = 0.85 f’c a b
t = 150 mm

h= 400mm d = 342 mm
d-a/2

T = Asfy

bw = 250 mm

Solve for a:
a
Mu = ϕ 0.85 f’c a bf (d- )
2
a
23.16 (10 ) = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (a) (875) (342- )
6
2
a = 4.85 mm

Solve for As :
T=C
As fy = 0.85 f’c a bf
As (415) = 0.85 (21) (4.85) (875)
As = 182.53 mm2

Solve minimum As is smaller value of:

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = (250)(342) = 𝟒𝟕𝟐. 𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟐 (𝑮𝑶𝑽𝑬𝑹𝑵𝑺)
2𝑓𝑦 2(415)

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 4𝑓𝑦 𝑓
𝑏 𝑑 = 4(415)
(875)(342) = 826.11 mm2
As = 182.53 mm2 < 472.06 mm2

USE : As = 472.06 mm2

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │293

Using 16mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 472.06
𝑛=𝜋 =𝜋 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟒 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟑 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔
(𝑑 ) 2 (16) 2
4 𝑏 4

bf = 875mm

t = 150 mm

h= 400mm d = 342 mm

bw = 250 mm

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟏𝟓𝟎−(𝟏𝟔)(𝟑)
𝑿 = = 𝟓𝟏 𝒎𝒎 > Ø16 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟐
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │294

*Consider Grid 1-11, Span C-D

W = 1.2 (DL) + 1.6 (LL)

W = 1.2 (5.679) + 1.6 (2.9)

W = 11.455 kPa

(11.455 )(2.5) 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = [ + [(3.534)(1.2)]] (2) = 27.573
3 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (27.573)(2.5)2
Moment @ Exterior Support (Negative) = − 16
=− 16
= − 10.77 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (27.573)(2.5)2
Moment @ Midspan (Positive) = + 14
=+ 14
= +12.31 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (27.573)(2.5)2
Moment @ Interior Support (Negative) = − =− = −17.23𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
10 10

Beam Size = 300 mm x 500 mm ( from preliminary sizing)

@ Exterior Support and Interior Support

IV. Solve for pmax, pb, pmin, ω and Mumax

Since : 21 Mpa < 28 Mpa , β = 0.85

0.85 𝑓′ 𝑐 𝛽 600 0.85(21)(0.85)(600)

𝝆𝑏 = 𝑓𝑦 (600+𝑓𝑦)
= 415(600+415)
= 0.02161

𝝆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝜌𝑏 = 0.75(0.02161) = 0.01621

√(𝑓′𝑐) √(21) 1.4

𝝆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 4𝑓𝑦
= 4(415) = 0.00276 but not less than 415
= 0.00337

𝑓𝑦 415
𝝎=𝝆 = (0.01621) = 0.32034
𝑓′𝑐 21

main bars ø
d = h − concrete cover − − stirrupsø
2
16
d = 500 − 40 − − 10
2

d = 442 mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │295

Mumax = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)

Mumax = (0.90) (21) (300) (442)2(0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))

Mumax = 287.78KN-m

Check: if Mu<Mumax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu>Mumax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 17.23 KN-m < Mumax = 287.78KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

V. Solve for bd2

Mu = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)
17.23 x106 = (0.90) (21) (bd2) (0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))
bd2 = 3509067.878
: Try ratio d = 2b

𝑑
( )𝑑2 = 3509067.878
2

d = 191.46 mm say 300 mm

Say h =300 mm say 400 mm

Check miminum thickness of beam, Both Ends Continuous,

𝑙 𝑓𝑦 2500 415
21
(0.40 + 700) = 21
(0.40 + 700) = 118.20 𝑚𝑚 < 191.46𝑚𝑚 ( ok )

bd2 = 3509067.878
b = 38.99 mm say 250 mm

USE 250 mm x 400 mm

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │296

VI. Solve for p

Mu = Ru b d2

17.23 x106 = (0.90) Ru (250) (300)2

Ru = 0.85

0.85 𝑓′𝑐 2 𝑅𝑢 0.85(21) 2 (0.85)

𝜌= (1− √ ′
)= (1− √ ) = 0.0297
𝑓𝑦 0.85 𝑓 𝑐 415 0.85(21)

Since: pmin = 0.00337 < pmax = 0.01621 < p = 0.0297

Use: p = 0.01621

As = p b d = (0.01621) (250) (300)

As = 1215.75 mm2

Using 16mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 1215.75
𝑛=𝜋 = 𝜋 = 6.05 𝑠𝑎𝑦 6 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
(𝑑 ) 2 (16) 2
4 𝑏 4

Spacing of 16mm ø bar:

250 mm
400 mm

d = 295 mm

X
16 + 25 = 41 say 47
40 + 10 + 8 = 58
mm
150 mm
Check for actual d:
6y = 2(47)
y = 15.67 mm say 16 mm
d = 295 + 47 -16 = 326 mm > 300 mm (OK)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │297

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟏𝟓𝟎−(𝟏𝟔)(𝟒)
𝑿 = = 𝟐𝟖. 𝟔𝟕 𝒎𝒎 > Ø16 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟑
@ MIDSPAN, End Beam

For bf, least of: NSCP TABLE 406.3.2.1

1. bf = bw + 6(t) = 250 + 6 x (150) = 1150mm

L (2500)
2. bf = 𝑏𝑤 + (12) = 250 + = 𝟒𝟓𝟑. 𝟑𝟑 𝒎𝒎 (Adopt)
12

3. bf = bw+(clear transverse span)/2 = 1375mm

III. Assume that the entire flange is in compression and solve for Mu1

𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒅 𝟔𝟎𝟎(𝟑𝟒𝟐)
𝑪𝒃 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚
= 𝟔𝟎𝟎+(𝟒𝟏𝟓)
= 𝟐𝟎𝟐. 𝟏𝟕 𝒎𝒎

𝒂𝒃 = 𝑩𝟏 𝑪𝒃 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟎𝟐. 𝟏𝟕) = 𝟏𝟕𝟏. 𝟖𝟒 𝒎𝒎

𝟎.𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝜷 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝟎.𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟏)(𝟎.𝟖𝟓)(𝟔𝟎𝟎)

𝝆𝒃 = = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟔𝟏
𝒇𝒚 (𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚) 𝟒𝟏𝟓(𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝟒𝟏𝟓)

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 (𝒂𝒃 ) = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓(𝟏𝟕𝟏. 𝟖𝟒) = 𝟏𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟖 𝒎𝒎

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒃 (𝒅 − 𝟐
)

𝟏𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟖
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 (𝟐𝟏)(𝟏𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟖)(𝟐𝟓𝟎) (𝟑𝟒𝟐 − ) = 𝟏𝟓𝟗. 𝟔𝟑 𝑲𝑵 − 𝒎
𝟐

øMUmax = 0.90(159.63) = 143.67 KN-m

Check: if Mu< øMUmax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu> øMUmax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 12.31KN-m < øMUmax = 143.67 KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │298

t
Mu1 = ϕ 0.85 f’c bf t (d- )
2

150
Mu1 = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (453.33 ) (150) (292- )
2

Mu1 = 326.82 KN-m

Mu1 = 326.82 KN-m > Mu = 12.31 KN-m, then a < t

IV. a<t

bf = 453.33 mm

t = 150 mm a C = 0.85 f’c a b

h= 400mm d = 342 mm
d-a/2

T = Asfy

bw = 250 mm

Solve for a:
a
Mu = ϕ 0.85 f’c a bf (d- )
2
a
12.31(10 ) = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (a) (453.33 ) (342- )
6
2
a = 4.98 mm

Solve for As:

T=C
As fy = 0.85 f’c a bf
As (415) = 0.85 (21) (4.98) (453.33)
As = 97.10mm2

Solve minimum As is smaller value of:

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 2𝑓𝑦 𝑤
𝑏 𝑑 = 2(415)
(250)(342) = 𝟒𝟕𝟐. 𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟐 (𝑮𝑶𝑽𝑬𝑹𝑵𝑺)

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 4𝑓𝑦 𝑓
𝑏 𝑑 = 4(415)
(453.33 )(342) = 428 mm2
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │299

As = 97.10mm2 < 472.06 mm2

USE : As = 472.06mm2

Using 16 mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 472.06
𝑛=𝜋 =𝜋 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟒 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟑 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔
(𝑑𝑏 )2 (16)2
4 4

bf = 453.33 mm

t = 150 mm

h= 400mm d = 342 mm

bw = 250 mm
150 mm

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟏𝟓𝟎−(𝟏𝟔)(𝟑)
𝑿 = = 𝟓𝟏 𝒎𝒎 > Ø16 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟐
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │300

4th, 3rd & 2nd Floor Plan

Slab
• Floor finish (25mm) on stone concrete fill 0.575 kPa
(0.023) (25)
• Plumbing, Electrical 1.500 kPa
• (150 mm) stone concrete fill
(.150) (23.56) 3.534 kPa
TOTAL: 5.609 kPa

Walls and Partitions

• 150mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit, 4.665 kN/m
plastered in both faces, 1.5m (exterior wall)
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (1.5)
• 100mm CHB, fully grouted using 16.5 kN/m3 density unit,
plastered in both faces, 3.2m (interior wall) 9.952 kN/m
[(2.63) + (2) (0.24)] (3.2)

Stairs
• Assumed additional 40% for the total weight of the slab 7.193 kN/m
(5.138 + (0.4)(5.138))
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │301

LONGITUDINAL SECTION

*Consider Grid A, Span 1-2 and Span 10-11

W = 1.2 (DL) + 1.6 (LL)

W = 1.2 (5.609) + 1.6 (5.7)

W = 15.851kPa

(15.851 )(3.5) 3.5 2 𝑘𝑁

𝑊𝑢 = (3 − ( ) ) + [(3.534 + 9.952)(1.2)] = 39.392
6 5 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (39.392)(5)2
Moment @ Exterior Support (Negative) = − 16
=− 16
= − 61.55 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (39.392)(5)2
Moment @ Midspan (Positive) = + 14
=+ 14
= +70.34 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (39.392)(5)2
Moment @ Interior Support (Negative) = − =− = −98.48 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
10 10

Beam Size = 300 mm x 500 mm ( from preliminary sizing)

@ Exterior Support and Interior Support

I. Solve for pmax, pb, pmin, ω and Mumax

Since : 21 Mpa < 28 Mpa , β = 0.85

0.85 𝑓′ 𝑐 𝛽 600 0.85(21)(0.85)(600)

𝝆𝑏 = 𝑓𝑦 (600+𝑓𝑦)
= 415(600+415)
= 0.02161

𝝆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝜌𝑏 = 0.75(0.02161) = 0.01621

√(𝑓′𝑐) √(21) 1.4

𝝆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 4𝑓𝑦
= 4(415) = 0.00276 but not less than 415
= 0.00337

𝑓𝑦 415
𝝎=𝝆 = (0.01621) = 0.32034
𝑓′𝑐 21

main bars ø
d = h − concrete cover − − stirrupsø
2
20
d = 500 − 40 − − 10
2
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │302

d = 440 mm

Mumax = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)

Mumax = (0.90) (21) (300) (440)2(0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))

Mumax = 235.69KN-m

Check: if Mu<Mumax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu>Mumax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 98.48 KN-m < Mumax = 235.69KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

II. Solve for bd2

Mu = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)
98.48x106 = (0.90) (21) (bd2) (0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))
bd2 = 20056471.54
: Try ratio d = 2b

𝑑
( )𝑑2 = 20056471.54
2

d = 342.32 mm say 400 mm

Say h =400 mm say 500 mm

Check miminum thickness of beam, Both Ends Continuous,

𝑙 𝑓𝑦 5000 415
(0.40 + ) = (0.40 + ) = 236.39 𝑚𝑚 < 342.32 𝑚𝑚 ( ok )
21 700 21 700

bd2 = 20056471.54

b = 125.35mm say 300 mm

USE 300 mm x 500 mm

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │303

III. Solve for p

Mu = Ru b d2

98.48x106 = (0.90) Ru (300) (400)2

Ru = 2.27

0.85 𝑓′𝑐 2 𝑅𝑢 0.85(21) 2 (2.27)

𝜌= (1− √ ′
)= (1− √ ) = 0.02132
𝑓𝑦 0.85 𝑓 𝑐 415 0.85(21)

Since: pmin = 0.00337 < pmax = 0.01621 < p = 0.02132

Use: p = 0.01621

As = p b d = (0.01621) (300) (400)

As = 1945.2 mm2

Using 20 mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 1945.2
𝑛=𝜋 =𝜋 = 6.19 𝑠𝑎𝑦 7 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
(𝑑 ) 2 (20) 2
4 𝑏 4

Spacing of 20mm ø bar:

300 mm
500 mm

d = 395 mm

x
20 + 25 = 45
40 + 10 + 10 = 60
mm
200 mm
Check for actual d:
7y = 2(45)
y = 12.85 mm say 13 mm
d = 395 + 45 -13 = 427 mm > 400 mm (OK)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │304

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟐𝟎𝟎−(𝟐𝟎)(𝟓)
𝑿 = = 𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝒎 > Ø20 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟒
@ MIDSPAN, End Beam

For bf, least of: NSCP TABLE 406.3.2.1

1. bf = bw + 6(t) = 250 + 6 x (150) = 1150mm

L (5000)
2. bf = 𝑏𝑤 + (12) = 250 + = 𝟔𝟔𝟔. 𝟔𝟕 𝒎𝒎 (Adopt)
12

3. bf = bw+(clear transverse span)/2 = 1875mm

I. Assume that the entire flange is in compression and solve for Mu1

𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒅 𝟔𝟎𝟎(𝟒𝟒𝟎)
𝑪𝒃 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚
= 𝟔𝟎𝟎+(𝟒𝟏𝟓)
= 𝟐𝟔𝟎. 𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝒎

𝒂𝒃 = 𝑩𝟏 𝑪𝒃 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟔𝟎. 𝟏𝟎) = 𝟐𝟐𝟏. 𝟎𝟗 𝒎𝒎

𝟎.𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝜷 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝟎.𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟏)(𝟎.𝟖𝟓)(𝟔𝟎𝟎)

𝝆𝒃 = = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟔𝟏
𝒇𝒚 (𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚) 𝟒𝟏𝟓(𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝟒𝟏𝟓)

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 (𝒂𝒃 ) = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓(𝟐𝟐𝟏. 𝟎𝟗) = 𝟏𝟔𝟓. 𝟖𝟐 𝒎𝒎

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒃 (𝒅 − 𝟐
)

𝟏𝟔𝟓. 𝟖𝟐
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 (𝟐𝟏)(𝟏𝟔𝟓. 𝟖𝟐)(𝟑𝟎𝟎) (𝟒𝟒𝟎 − ) = 𝟑𝟏𝟕. 𝟎𝟖 𝑲𝑵 − 𝒎
𝟐

øMUmax = 0.90(317.08) = 285.37 KN-m

Check: if Mu< øMUmax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu> øMUmax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 70.34 KN-m < øMUmax = 285.37 KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │305

t
Mu1 = ϕ 0.85 f’c bf t (d- )
2

150
Mu1 = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (666.67) (150) (440- )
2

Mu1 = 586.38 KN-m

Mu1 = 586.38 KN-m > Mu = 70.34 KN-m, then a < t

II. a<t

bf = 666.67 mm

t = 150 mm a C = 0.85 f’c a b

h= 500mm d = 440 mm
d-a/2

T = Asfy

bw = 300 mm

Solve for a:
a
Mu = ϕ 0.85 f’c a bf (d- )
2
a
70.34(10 ) = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (a) (666.67) (440- )
6
2
a = 15.19 mm

Solve for As :
T=C
As fy = 0.85 f’c a bf
As (415) = 0.85 (21) (15.19) (666.67)
As = 435.57 mm2

Solve minimum As is smaller value of:

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 2𝑓𝑦 𝑤
𝑏 𝑑 = 2(415)
(300)(440) = 𝟕𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟎 𝒎𝒎𝟐 (GOVERNS)

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 4𝑓𝑦 𝑓
𝑏 𝑑 = 4(415)
(666.67)(440) = 809.78 mm2
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │306

As = 435.57 mm2 < 728.80 mm2

USE : As = 728.80 mm2

Using 20mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 728.80
𝑛=𝜋 =𝜋 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟏 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟑 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔
(𝑑𝑏 )2 (20)2
4 4

bf = 666.67
mm

t = 150 mm

h= 500mm d = 440 mm

bw = 300 mm
200 mm

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟐𝟎𝟎−(𝟐𝟎)(𝟑)
𝑿 = = 𝟕𝟎 𝒎𝒎 > Ø20 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟐
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │307

*Consider Grid A, Span 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, 5-6, 6-7, 7-8, 8-9, 9-10

W = 1.2 (DL) + 1.6 (LL)

W = 1.2 (5.609) + 1.6 (5.7)

W = 15.851kPa

(15.851 )(4.5) 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = [ + [(3.534 + 9.952)(1.2)]] = 39.960
3 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (39.96)(4.5)2
Moment @ Exterior Support (Negative) = − 11
=− 11
= − 73.56 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (39.96)(4.5)2
Moment @ Midspan (Positive) = + 16
=+ 16
= +50.57 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (39.96)(4.5)2
Moment @ Interior Support (Negative) = − =− = −73.56 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
11 11
Beam Size = 300 mm x 500 mm ( from preliminary sizing)

@ Exterior Support and Interior Support

I. Solve for pmax, pb, pmin, ω and Mumax

Since : 21 Mpa < 28 Mpa , β = 0.85

0.85 𝑓′ 𝑐 𝛽 600 0.85(21)(0.85)(600)

𝝆𝑏 = = = 0.02161
𝑓𝑦 (600+𝑓𝑦) 415(600+415)

𝝆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝜌𝑏 = 0.75(0.02161) = 0.01621

√(𝑓′𝑐) √(21) 1.4

𝝆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 4𝑓𝑦
= 4(415) = 0.00276 but not less than 415
= 0.00337

𝑓𝑦 415
𝝎=𝝆 = (0.01621) = 0.32034
𝑓′𝑐 21

main bars ø
d = h − concrete cover − − stirrupsø
2
20
d = 500 − 40 − − 10
2

d = 440 mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │308

Mumax = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)

Mumax = (0.90) (21) (300) (440)2(0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))

Mumax = 285.18 KN-m

Check: if Mu<Mumax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu>Mumax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 73.56 KN-m < Mumax = 285.18 KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

IV. Solve for bd2

Mu = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)
73.56 x106 = (0.90) (21) (bd2) (0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))
bd2 = 14981255.55
: Try ratio d = 2b

𝑑
( )𝑑2 = 14981255.55
2

d = 310.59 mm say 400 mm

Say h =400 mm say 500 mm

Check miminum thickness of beam, Both Ends Continuous,

𝑙 𝑓𝑦 4500 415
21
(0.40 + 700) = 21
(0.40 + 700) = 212.75 𝑚𝑚 < 310.59𝑚𝑚 ( ok )

bd2 = 14981255.55

b = 93.63 mm say 300 mm

USE 300 mm x 500 mm

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │309

II. Solve for p

Mu = Ru b d2

73.56 x106 = (0.90) Ru (300) (400)2

Ru = 1.70

0.85 𝑓′𝑐 2 𝑅𝑢 0.85(21) 2 (1.70)

𝜌= (1− √ ′
)= (1− √ ) = 0.0242
𝑓𝑦 0.85 𝑓 𝑐 415 0.85(21)

Since: pmin = 0.00337 < pmax = 0.01621 < p = 0.0242

Use: p = 0.01621

As = p b d = (0.01621) (300) (400)

As = 1945.2 mm2

Using 20 mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 1945.2
𝑛=𝜋 =𝜋 = 6.19 𝑠𝑎𝑦 7 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
(𝑑 ) 2 (20) 2
4 𝑏 4

Spacing of 20mm ø bar:

300 mm
500 mm

d = 395 mm

x
20 + 25 = 45
40 + 10 + 10 = 60
mm
200 mm
Check for actual d:
7y = 2(45)
y = 12.85 mm say 13 mm
d = 395 + 45 -13 = 427 mm > 400 mm (OK)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │310

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟐𝟎𝟎−(𝟐𝟎)(𝟓)
𝑿 = = 𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝒎 > Ø20 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟒
@ MIDSPAN, End Beam

For bf, least of: NSCP TABLE 406.3.2.1

1. bf = bw + 6(t) = 250 + 6 x (150) = 1150mm

L (4500)
2. bf = 𝑏𝑤 + (12) = 250 + = 𝟔𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝒎 (Adopt)
12

3. bf = bw+(clear transverse span)/2 = 3750mm

III. Assume that the entire flange is in compression and solve for Mu1

𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒅 𝟔𝟎𝟎(𝟒𝟒𝟎)
𝑪𝒃 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚
= 𝟔𝟎𝟎+(𝟒𝟏𝟓)
= 𝟐𝟔𝟎. 𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝒎

𝒂𝒃 = 𝑩𝟏 𝑪𝒃 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟔𝟎. 𝟏𝟎) = 𝟐𝟐𝟏. 𝟎𝟗 𝒎𝒎

𝟎.𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝜷 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝟎.𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟏)(𝟎.𝟖𝟓)(𝟔𝟎𝟎)

𝝆𝒃 = = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟔𝟏
𝒇𝒚 (𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚) 𝟒𝟏𝟓(𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝟒𝟏𝟓)

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 (𝒂𝒃 ) = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓(𝟐𝟐𝟏. 𝟎𝟗) = 𝟏𝟔𝟓. 𝟖𝟐 𝒎𝒎

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒃 (𝒅 − 𝟐
)

𝟏𝟔𝟓. 𝟖𝟐
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 (𝟐𝟏)(𝟏𝟔𝟓. 𝟖𝟐)(𝟑𝟎𝟎) (𝟒𝟒𝟎 − ) = 𝟑𝟏𝟕. 𝟎𝟖 𝑲𝑵 − 𝒎
𝟐

øMUmax = 0.90(317.08) = 285.37 KN-m

Check: if Mu< øMUmax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu> øMUmax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 50.57 KN-m < øMUmax = 285.37 KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │311

t
Mu1 = ϕ 0.85 f’c bf t (d- )
2

150
Mu1 = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (625) (150) (440- )
2

Mu1 = 549.72 KN-m

Mu1 = 549.72 KN-m > Mu = 50.57 KN-m, then a < t

IV. a<t

bf = 625 mm

t = 150 mm a C = 0.85 f’c a b

h= 500mm d = 440 mm
d-a/2

T = Asfy

bw = 250 mm

Solve for a:
a
Mu = ϕ 0.85 f’c a bf (d- )
2
a
50.57 (10 ) = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (a) (625) (440- )
6
2
a = 11.60 mm

Solve for As :
T=C
As fy = 0.85 f’c a bf
As (415) = 0.85 (21) (11.60) (625)
As = 311.83mm2

Solve minimum As is smaller value of:

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 2𝑓𝑦 𝑤
𝑏 𝑑 = 2(415)
(300)(440) = 𝟕𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟎 𝒎𝒎𝟐 (𝑮𝑶𝑽𝑬𝑹𝑵𝑺)

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 4𝑓𝑦 𝑓
𝑏 𝑑 = 4(415)
(625)(440) = 759.16 mm2
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │312

As = 311.83mm2 < 728.80 mm2

USE : As = 728.80 mm2

Using 20 mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 728.80
𝑛=𝜋 =𝜋 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟐 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟑 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔
(𝑑𝑏 )2 (20)2
4 4

bf = 625 mm

t = 150 mm

h= 500mm d = 440 mm

bw = 300 mm
200 mm

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟐𝟎𝟎−(𝟐𝟎)(𝟑)
𝑿 = = 𝟕𝟎 𝒎𝒎 > Ø20 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟐
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │313

*Consider Grid B, Span 1-2 and Span 10-11

W = 1.2 (DL) + 1.6 (LL)

W = 1.2 (5.609) + 1.6 (5.7)

W = 15.851kPa

(15.851 )(3.5) 3.5 2 (15.851 )(3.6) 𝑘𝑁

𝑊𝑢 = [ (3 − ( ) ) + + [(13.486 + 7.193)(1.2)]] = 76.555
6 5 2 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (76.555)(5)2
Moment @ Exterior Support (Negative) = − =− = − 159.49 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
12 12

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (76.555)(5)2
Moment @ Midspan (Positive) = + 24
=+ 24
= +79.74 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (76.555)(5)2
Moment @ Interior Support (Negative) = − 12
=− 12
= −159.49 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

Beam Size = 300 mm x 500 mm ( from preliminary sizing)

@ Exterior Support and Interior Support

XIII. Solve for pmax, pb, pmin, ω and Mumax

Since : 21 Mpa < 28 Mpa , β = 0.85

0.85 𝑓′ 𝑐 𝛽 600 0.85(21)(0.85)(600)

𝝆𝑏 = 𝑓𝑦 (600+𝑓𝑦)
= 415(600+415)
= 0.02161

𝝆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝜌𝑏 = 0.75(0.02161) = 0.01621

√(𝑓′𝑐) √(21) 1.4

𝝆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 but not less than = 0.00337
4𝑓𝑦 4(415) 415

𝑓𝑦 415
𝝎=𝝆 = (0.01621) = 0.32034
𝑓′𝑐 21

main bars ø
d = h − concrete cover − − stirrupsø
2
20
d = 500 − 40 − − 10
2

d = 440 mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │314

Mumax = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)

Mumax = (0.90) (21) (300) (440)2(0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))

Mumax = 235.68KN-m

Check: if Mu<Mumax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu>Mumax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 159.49 KN-m < Mumax = 235.68KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

XIV. Solve for bd2

Mu = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)
159.49 x106 = (0.90) (21) (bd2) (0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))
bd2 = 32481789.66
: Try ratio d = 1.75b

𝑑
( )𝑑2 = 18050417.07
1.75

d = 384.50 mm say 400 mm

Say h = 400 mm say 500 mm

Check miminum thickness of beam, Simply Supported,

𝑙 𝑓𝑦 5000 415
(0.40 + ) = (0.40 + ) = 310.27 𝑚𝑚 < 384.50 𝑚𝑚 ( ok )
16 700 16 700

bd2 = 18050417.07
b = 203.01 mm say 300 mm

USE 300 mm x 500 mm

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │315

XV. Solve for p

Mu = Ru b d2

159.49 x106 = (0.90) Ru (300) (400)2

Ru = 3.69

0.85 𝑓′𝑐 2 𝑅𝑢 0.85(21) 2 (3.69)

𝜌= (1− √ ′
)= (1− √ ) = 0.01536
𝑓𝑦 0.85 𝑓 𝑐 415 0.85(21)

Since: pmin = 0.00337 < p = 0.01536 < pmax = 0.01621

Use: p = 0.01536

As = p b d = (0.01536) (300) (400)

As = 1843.20 mm2

Using 20mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 1843.20
𝑛=𝜋 = 𝜋 = 5.87 𝑠𝑎𝑦 6 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
(𝑑 ) 2 (20) 2
4 𝑏 4

Spacing of 20mm ø bar:

300 mm
500 mm

d = 395 mm

X
20 + 25 = 45
40 + 10 + 10 = 60
mm
200 mm
Check for actual d:
6y = 2(45)
y = 15 mm
d = 395 + 45 -15 = 425 mm > 400 mm (OK)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │316

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟐𝟎𝟎−(𝟐𝟎)(𝟒)
𝑿 = = 𝟒𝟎 𝒎𝒎 > Ø20 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟑
@ MIDSPAN, Interior Beam

For bf, least of: NSCP TABLE 406.3.2.1

1. bf = bw + 2(8t) = 250 + 2 x (8x150) = 2650mm

L (5000)
2. bf = 4 = = 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎 (Adopt)
4

3. bf = bw+2(clear transverse span)/2 = 1875mm

IX. Assume that the entire flange is in compression and solve for Mu1

𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒅 𝟔𝟎𝟎(𝟒𝟒𝟎)
𝑪𝒃 = = = 𝟐𝟔𝟎. 𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝒎
𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚 𝟔𝟎𝟎+(𝟒𝟏𝟓)

𝒂𝒃 = 𝑩𝟏 𝑪𝒃 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟔𝟎. 𝟏𝟎) = 𝟐𝟐𝟏. 𝟎𝟗 𝒎𝒎

𝟎.𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝜷 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝟎.𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟏)(𝟎.𝟖𝟓)(𝟔𝟎𝟎)

𝝆𝒃 = 𝒇𝒚 (𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚)
= 𝟒𝟏𝟓(𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝟒𝟏𝟓)
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟔𝟏

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 (𝒂𝒃 ) = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓(𝟐𝟐𝟏. 𝟎𝟗) = 𝟏𝟔𝟓. 𝟖𝟐 𝒎𝒎

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒃 (𝒅 − 𝟐
)

𝟏𝟔𝟓. 𝟖𝟐
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 (𝟐𝟏)(𝟏𝟔𝟓. 𝟖𝟐)(𝟑𝟎𝟎) (𝟒𝟒𝟎 − ) = 𝟑𝟏𝟕. 𝟎𝟖 𝑲𝑵 − 𝒎
𝟐

øMUmax = 0.90(317.08) = 285.37 KN-m

Check: if Mu< øMUmax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu> øMUmax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 79.74 KN-m < øMUmax = 285.37 KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │317

t
Mu1 = ϕ 0.85 f’c bf t (d- )
2
150
Mu1 = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (1250) (150) (440- )
2

Mu1 = 1099.45 KN-m

Mu1 = 1099.45 KN-m > Mu = 79.74 KN-m, then a < t

X. a<t

bf = 1250 mm

a C = 0.85 f’c a b
t = 150 mm

h= 500mm d = 440 mm
d-a/2

T = Asfy

bw = 300 mm

Solve for a:
a
Mu = ϕ 0.85 f’c a bf (d- )
2
a
79.74 (10 ) = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (a) (1250) (440- )
6
2
a = 9.12 mm

Solve for As :
T=C
As fy = 0.85 f’c a bf
As (415) = 0.85 (21) (9.12) (1250)
As = 490.34 mm2

Solve minimum As is smaller value of:

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = (300)(440) = 𝟕𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟎 𝒎𝒎𝟐 (𝑮𝑶𝑽𝑬𝑹𝑵𝑺)
2𝑓𝑦 2(415)

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 4𝑓𝑦 𝑓
𝑏 𝑑 = 4(415)
(1250)(440) = 1518.32 mm2
As = 490.34 mm2 < 728.80 mm2

USE : As = 728.80 mm2

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │318

Using 20mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 728.80
𝑛=𝜋 =𝜋 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟏 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟑 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔
(𝑑 ) 2 (20) 2
4 𝑏 4

bf = 1250
mm

t = 150 mm

h=500mm d = 440 mm

bw = 300 mm

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟐𝟎𝟎−(𝟐𝟎)(𝟑)
𝑿 = = 𝟕𝟎 𝒎𝒎 > Ø20 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟐
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │319

*Consider Grid C, Span 1-2 and Span 10-11

W = 1.2 (DL) + 1.6 (LL)

W = 1.2 (5.609) + 1.6 (5.7)

W = 15.851kPa

(15.851)(3.6) (15.851 )(2.5) 2.5 2 𝑘𝑁

𝑊𝑢 = + [( ) (3 − ( ) )] + (3.534 + 7.193)(1.2) = 59.567
2 6 5 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (59.567)(5)2
Moment @ Exterior Support (Negative) = − =− = − 93.07 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
16 16

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (59.567)(5)2
Moment @ Midspan (Positive) = + 14
=+ 14
= +106.37 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (59.567)(5)2
Moment @ Interior Support (Negative) = − 10
=− 10
= −148.92 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

Beam Size = 300 mm x 500 mm ( from preliminary sizing)

@ Exterior Support and Interior Support

IV. Solve for pmax, pb, pmin, ω and Mumax

Since : 21 Mpa < 28 Mpa , β = 0.85

0.85 𝑓′ 𝑐 𝛽 600 0.85(21)(0.85)(600)

𝝆𝑏 = 𝑓𝑦 (600+𝑓𝑦)
= 415(600+415)
= 0.02161

𝝆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝜌𝑏 = 0.75(0.02161) = 0.01621

√(𝑓′𝑐) √(21) 1.4

𝝆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 but not less than = 0.00337
4𝑓𝑦 4(415) 415

𝑓𝑦 415
𝝎=𝝆 = (0.01621) = 0.32034
𝑓′𝑐 21

main bars ø
d = h − concrete cover − − stirrupsø
2
20
d = 500 − 40 − − 10
2

d = 440 mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │320

Mumax = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)

Mumax = (0.90) (21) (300) (440)2(0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))

Mumax = 235.68KN-m

Check: if Mu<Mumax – Singly Reinforced

If Mu>Mumax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 148.92 KN-m < Mumax = 235.68KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

V. Solve for bd2

Mu = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)
148.92x106 = (0.90) (21) (bd2) (0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))
bd2 = 30329099.73
: Try ratio d = 2b

𝑑
( )𝑑2 = 30329099.73
2

d = 392.91 mm say 400 mm

Say h =400 mm say 500 mm

Check miminum thickness of beam, Both Ends Continuous,

𝑙 𝑓𝑦 5000 415
21
(0.40 + 700) = 21
(0.40 + 700) = 236.39 𝑚𝑚 < 392.91 𝑚𝑚 ( ok )

bd2 = 30329099.73

b = 189.55mm say 300 mm

USE 300 mm x 500 mm

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │321

VI. Solve for p

Mu = Ru b d2

148.92 x106 = (0.90) Ru (300) (400)2

Ru = 3.45

0.85 𝑓′𝑐 2 𝑅𝑢 0.85(21) 2 (3.45)

𝜌= (1− √ ′
)= (1− √ ) = 0.01627
𝑓𝑦 0.85 𝑓 𝑐 415 0.85(21)

Since: pmin = 0.00337 < pmax = 0.01621 < p = 0.01627

Use: p = 0.01621

As = p b d = (0.01621) (300) (400)

As = 1945.20 mm2

Using 20 mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 1945.2
𝑛=𝜋 =𝜋 = 6.19 𝑠𝑎𝑦 7 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
(𝑑 ) 2 (20) 2
4 𝑏 4

Spacing of 20mm ø bar:

300 mm
500 mm

d = 395 mm

x
20 + 25 = 45
40 + 10 + 10 = 60
mm
200 mm
Check for actual d:
7y = 2(45)
y = 12.85 mm say 13 mm
d = 395 + 45 -13 = 427 mm > 400 mm (OK)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │322

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟐𝟎𝟎−(𝟐𝟎)(𝟓)
𝑿 = = 𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝒎 > Ø20 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟒
@ MIDSPAN, Interior Beam

For bf, least of: NSCP TABLE 406.3.2.1

1. bf = bw + 2(8t) = 250 + 2 x (8x150) = 2650mm

L (5000)
2. bf = 4 = = 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎 (Adopt)
4

3. bf = bw+2(clear transverse span)/2 = 1606.25mm

III. Assume that the entire flange is in compression and solve for Mu1

𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒅 𝟔𝟎𝟎(𝟒𝟒𝟎)
𝑪𝒃 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚
= 𝟔𝟎𝟎+(𝟒𝟏𝟓)
= 𝟐𝟔𝟎. 𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝒎

𝒂𝒃 = 𝑩𝟏 𝑪𝒃 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟔𝟎. 𝟏𝟎) = 𝟐𝟐𝟏. 𝟎𝟗 𝒎𝒎

𝟎.𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝜷 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝟎.𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟏)(𝟎.𝟖𝟓)(𝟔𝟎𝟎)

𝝆𝒃 = 𝒇𝒚 (𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚)
= 𝟒𝟏𝟓(𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝟒𝟏𝟓)
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟔𝟏

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 (𝒂𝒃 ) = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓(𝟐𝟐𝟏. 𝟎𝟗) = 𝟏𝟔𝟓. 𝟖𝟐 𝒎𝒎

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒃 (𝒅 − 𝟐
)

𝟏𝟔𝟓. 𝟖𝟐
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 (𝟐𝟏)(𝟏𝟔𝟓. 𝟖𝟐)(𝟑𝟎𝟎) (𝟒𝟒𝟎 − ) = 𝟑𝟏𝟕. 𝟎𝟖 𝑲𝑵 − 𝒎
𝟐

øMUmax = 0.90(317.08) = 285.37 KN-m

Check: if Mu< øMUmax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu> øMUmax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 106.37 KN-m < øMUmax = 285.37 KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │323

t
Mu1 = ϕ 0.85 f’c bf t (d- )
2
150
Mu1 = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (1250) (150) (440- )
2

Mu1 = 1099.45 KN-m

Mu1 = 1099.45 KN-m > Mu = 106.37KN-m, then a < t

IV. a<t

bf = 1250 mm

a C = 0.85 f’c a b
t = 150 mm

h= 500mm d = 440 mm
d-a/2

T = Asfy

bw = 300 mm

Solve for a:
a
Mu = ϕ 0.85 f’c a bf (d- )
2
a
106.37(10 ) = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (a) (1250) (440- )
6
2
a = 12.21 mm

Solve for As :
T=C
As fy = 0.85 f’c a bf
As (415) = 0.85 (21) (12.21) (1250)
As = 656.47 mm2

Solve minimum As is smaller value of:

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = (300)(440) = 𝟕𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟎 𝒎𝒎𝟐 (𝑮𝑶𝑽𝑬𝑹𝑵𝑺)
2𝑓𝑦 2(415)

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 4𝑓𝑦 𝑓
𝑏 𝑑 = 4(415)
(1250)(440) = 1518.32 mm2
As = 656.47 mm2 < 728.80 mm2

USE : As = 728.80 mm2

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │324

Using 20mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 728.80
𝑛=𝜋 =𝜋 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟏 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟑 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔
(𝑑 ) 2 (20) 2
4 𝑏 4

bf = 1250
mm

t = 150 mm

h= 500mm d = 440 mm

bw = 300 mm

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟐𝟎𝟎−(𝟐𝟎)(𝟑)
𝑿 = = 𝟕𝟎 𝒎𝒎 > Ø20 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟐
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │325

*Consider Grid C, Span 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, 5-6, 6-7, 7-8, 8-9, 9-10

W = 1.2 (DL) + 1.6 (LL)

W = 1.2 (5.609) + 1.6 (5.7)

W = 15.851kPa

(15.851)(3.6) (15.851 )(2.5) 2.5 2 𝑘𝑁

𝑊𝑢 = + [( ) (3 − ( ) )] + (3.534 + 7.193)(1.2) = 59.567
2 6 5 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (59.567)(4.2)2
Moment @ Exterior Support (Negative) = − =− = − 95.52 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
11 11

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (59.567)(4.2)2
Moment @ Midspan (Positive) = + =+ = +65.67 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
16 16

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (59.567)(4.2)2
Moment @ Interior Support (Negative) = − 11
=− 11
= −95.52 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

Beam Size = 300 mm x 500 mm ( from preliminary sizing)

@ Exterior Support and Interior Support

I. Solve for pmax, pb, pmin, ω and Mumax

Since : 21 Mpa < 28 Mpa , β = 0.85

0.85 𝑓′ 𝑐 𝛽 600 0.85(21)(0.85)(600)

𝝆𝑏 = 𝑓𝑦 (600+𝑓𝑦)
= 415(600+415)
= 0.02161

𝝆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝜌𝑏 = 0.75(0.02161) = 0.01621

√(𝑓′𝑐) √(21) 1.4

𝝆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 but not less than = 0.00337
4𝑓𝑦 4(415) 415

𝑓𝑦 415
𝝎=𝝆 = (0.01621) = 0.32034
𝑓′𝑐 21

main bars ø
d = h − concrete cover − − stirrupsø
2
20
d = 500 − 40 − − 10
2

d = 440mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │326

Mumax = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)

Mumax = (0.90) (21) (300) (440)2(0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))

Mumax = 235.68KN-m

Check: if Mu<Mumax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu>Mumax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 95.52 KN-m < Mumax = 235.68KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

II. Solve for bd2

Mu = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)
95.52 x106 = (0.90) (21) (bd2) (0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))
bd2 = 19225814.38
: Try ratio d = 2b

𝑑
( )𝑑2 = 19225814.38
2

d = 337.52 mm say 400 mm

Say h =400 mm say 500 mm

Check miminum thickness of beam, Both Ends Continuous,

𝑙 𝑓𝑦 4500 415
21
(0.40 + 700) = 21
(0.40 + 700) = 212.75 𝑚𝑚 <= 337.52 𝑚𝑚 ( ok )

bd2 = 19225814.38

b = 120.16 mm say 300 mm

USE 300 mm x 500 mm

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │327

III. Solve for p

Mu = Ru b d2

95.52 x106 = (0.90) Ru (300) (400)2

Ru = 2.21

0.85 𝑓′𝑐 2 𝑅𝑢 0.85(21) 2 (2.21)

𝜌= (1− √ ′
)= (1− √ ) = 0.02160
𝑓𝑦 0.85 𝑓 𝑐 415 0.85(21)

Since: pmin = 0.00337 < pmax = 0.01621 < p = 0.02160

Use: p = 0.01621

As = p b d = (0.01621) (300) (400)

As = 1945.20 mm2

Using 20 mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 1945.2
𝑛=𝜋 =𝜋 = 6.19 𝑠𝑎𝑦 7 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
(𝑑 ) 2 (20) 2
4 𝑏 4

Spacing of 20mm ø bar:

300 mm
500 mm

d = 395 mm

x
20 + 25 = 45
40 + 10 + 10 = 60
mm
200 mm
Check for actual d:
7y = 2(45)
y = 12.85 mm say 13 mm
d = 395 + 45 -13 = 427 mm > 400 mm (OK)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │328

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟐𝟎𝟎−(𝟐𝟎)(𝟓)
𝑿 = = 𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝒎 > Ø20 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟒

@ MIDSPAN, Interior Beam

For bf, least of: NSCP TABLE 406.3.2.1

1. bf = bw + 2(8t) = 250 + 2 x (8x150) = 2650mm

L (4500)
2. bf = 4 = = 𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝒎 (Adopt)
4

3. bf = bw+2(clear transverse span)/2 = 3625 mm

I. Assume that the entire flange is in compression and solve for Mu1

𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒅 𝟔𝟎𝟎(𝟒𝟒𝟎)
𝑪𝒃 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚
= 𝟔𝟎𝟎+(𝟒𝟏𝟓)
= 𝟐𝟔𝟎. 𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝒎

𝒂𝒃 = 𝑩𝟏 𝑪𝒃 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟔𝟎. 𝟏𝟎) = 𝟐𝟐𝟏. 𝟎𝟗 𝒎𝒎

𝟎.𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝜷 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝟎.𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟏)(𝟎.𝟖𝟓)(𝟔𝟎𝟎)

𝝆𝒃 = 𝒇𝒚 (𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚)
= 𝟒𝟏𝟓(𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝟒𝟏𝟓)
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟔𝟏

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 (𝒂𝒃 ) = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓(𝟐𝟐𝟏. 𝟎𝟗) = 𝟏𝟔𝟓. 𝟖𝟐 𝒎𝒎

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒃 (𝒅 − 𝟐
)

𝟏𝟔𝟓. 𝟖𝟐
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 (𝟐𝟏)(𝟏𝟔𝟓. 𝟖𝟐)(𝟑𝟎𝟎) (𝟒𝟒𝟎 − ) = 𝟑𝟏𝟕. 𝟎𝟖 𝑲𝑵 − 𝒎
𝟐

øMUmax = 0.90(317.08) = 285.37 KN-m

Check: if Mu< øMUmax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu> øMUmax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 65.67 KN-m < øMUmax = 285.37 KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │329

t
Mu1 = ϕ 0.85 f’c bf t (d- )
2
150
Mu1 = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (1125) (150) (440- )
2

Mu1 = 989.50 KN-m

Mu1 = 989.50KN-m > Mu = 65.67KN-m, then a < t

II. a<t

bf = 1125 mm

a C = 0.85 f’c a b
t = 150 mm

h= 500mm d = 440 mm
d-a/2

T = Asfy

bw = 300 mm

Solve for a:
a
Mu = ϕ 0.85 f’c a bf (d- )
2
a
65.67(10 ) = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (a) (1125) (440- )
6
2
a = 8.34 mm

Solve for As :
T=C
As fy = 0.85 f’c a bf
As (415) = 0.85 (21) (8.34) (1125)
As = 403.56 mm2

Solve minimum As is smaller value of:

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = (300)(440) = 𝟕𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟎 𝒎𝒎𝟐 (𝑮𝑶𝑽𝑬𝑹𝑵𝑺)
2𝑓𝑦 2(415)

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 4𝑓𝑦 𝑓
𝑏 𝑑 = 4(415)
(1125)(440) = 1366.49 mm2
As = 403.56 mm2 < 728.80 mm2

USE : As = 728.80 mm2

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │330

Using 20mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 728.80
𝑛=𝜋 =𝜋 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟏 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟑 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔
(𝑑 ) 2 (20) 2
4 𝑏 4

bf = 1125
mm

t = 150 mm

h= 500mm d =440 mm

bw = 300 mm

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟐𝟎𝟎−(𝟐𝟎)(𝟑)
𝑿 = = 𝟕𝟎 𝒎𝒎 > Ø20 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟐
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │331

*Consider Grid D, Span 1-11

W = 1.2 (DL) + 1.6 (LL)

W = 1.2 (5.609) + 1.6 (5.7)

W = 15.851kPa

(15.851 )(2.5) 2.5 2 𝑘𝑁

𝑊𝑢 = [ (3 − ( ) ) + [2.827 + 4.665(1.2)]] = 26.588
6 5 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (26.588)(5)2
Moment @ Exterior Support (Negative) = − =− = − 60.43 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
11 11

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (26.588)(5)2
Moment @ Midspan (Positive) = + 16
=+ 16
= +41.54 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (26.588)(5)2
Moment @ Interior Support (Negative) = − =− = −60.43𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
11 11

Beam Size = 250 mm x 400 mm ( from preliminary sizing)

@ Exterior Support and Interior Support

I. Solve for pmax, pb, pmin, ω and Mumax

Since : 21 Mpa < 28 Mpa , β = 0.85

0.85 𝑓′ 𝑐 𝛽 600 0.85(21)(0.85)(600)

𝝆𝑏 = 𝑓𝑦 (600+𝑓𝑦)
= 415(600+415)
= 0.02161

𝝆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝜌𝑏 = 0.75(0.02161) = 0.01621

√(𝑓′𝑐) √(21) 1.4

𝝆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00276 but not less than = 0.00337
4𝑓𝑦 4(415) 415

𝑓𝑦 415
𝝎=𝝆 = (0.01621) = 0.32034
𝑓′𝑐 21

main bars ø
d = h − concrete cover − − stirrupsø
2
20
d = 400 − 40 − − 10
2

d = 340 mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │332

Mumax = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)

Mumax = (0.90) (21) (250) (340)2(0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))

Mumax = 141.90KN-m

Check: if Mu<Mumax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu>Mumax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 60.43 KN-m < Mumax = 141.90KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

II. Solve for bd2

Mu = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)
60.43 x106 = (0.90) (21) (bd2) (0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))
bd2 = 12307195.12
: Try ratio d = 2b

𝑑
( )𝑑2 = 12307195.12
2

d = 290.89 mm say 300 mm

Say h =250 mm say 400 mm

Check miminum thickness of beam, Both Ends Continuous,

𝑙 𝑓𝑦 4500 415
21
(0.40 + 700) = 21
(0.40 + 700) = 212.75 𝑚𝑚 < 290.89 𝑚𝑚 ( ok )

bd2 = 12307195.12

b = 136.75 mm say 250 mm

USE 250 mm x 400 mm

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │333

III. Solve for p

Mu = Ru b d2

60.43 x106 = (0.90) Ru (250) (300)2

Ru = 2.98

0.85 𝑓′𝑐 2 𝑅𝑢 0.85(21) 2 (2.98)

𝜌= (1− √ ′
)= (1− √ ) = 0.0182
𝑓𝑦 0.85 𝑓 𝑐 415 0.85(21)

Since: pmin = 0.00337 < pmax = 0.01621 < p = 0.0182

Use: p = 0.01621

As = p b d = (0.01621) (250) (300)

As = 1215.75 mm2

Using 20mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 1215.75
𝑛=𝜋 = 𝜋 = 3.86 𝑠𝑎𝑦 5 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
(𝑑 ) 2 (20) 2
4 𝑏 4

Spacing of 20mm ø bar:

250 mm
400 mm

d = 295 mm

X
20 + 25 = 45
40 + 10 + 10 = 60
mm
150 mm
Check for actual d:
5y = 2(45)
y = 18 mm
d = 295 + 45 -18 = 322 mm > 300 mm (OK)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │334

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟏𝟓𝟎−(𝟐𝟎)(𝟑)
𝑿 = = 𝟒𝟓 𝒎𝒎 > Ø20 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟐
@ MIDSPAN, End Beam

For bf, least of: NSCP TABLE 406.3.2.1

1. bf = bw + 6(t) = 250 + 6 x (150) = 1150mm

L (4500)
2. bf = 𝑏𝑤 + (12) = 250 + = 𝟔𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝒎 (Adopt)
12

3. bf = bw+(clear transverse span)/2 = 1350mm

I. Assume that the entire flange is in compression and solve for Mu1

𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒅 𝟔𝟎𝟎(𝟑𝟒𝟎)
𝑪𝒃 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚
= 𝟔𝟎𝟎+(𝟒𝟏𝟓)
= 𝟐𝟏𝟒. 𝟑𝟖 𝒎𝒎

𝒂𝒃 = 𝑩𝟏 𝑪𝒃 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟏𝟒. 𝟑𝟖) = 𝟏𝟖𝟐. 𝟐𝟐 𝒎𝒎

𝟎.𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝜷 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝟎.𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟏)(𝟎.𝟖𝟓)(𝟔𝟎𝟎)

𝝆𝒃 = = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟔𝟏
𝒇𝒚 (𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚) 𝟒𝟏𝟓(𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝟒𝟏𝟓)

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 (𝒂𝒃 ) = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓(𝟏𝟖𝟐. 𝟐𝟐) = 𝟏𝟑𝟔. 𝟔𝟕 𝒎𝒎

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒃 (𝒅 − 𝟐
)

𝟏𝟑𝟔. 𝟔𝟕
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 (𝟐𝟏)(𝟏𝟑𝟔. 𝟔𝟕)(𝟐𝟓𝟎) (𝟑𝟒𝟎 − ) = 𝟏𝟔𝟓. 𝟔𝟗 𝑲𝑵 − 𝒎
𝟐

øMUmax = 0.90(165.69) = 149.12 KN-m

Check: if Mu< øMUmax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu> øMUmax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 41.54 KN-m < øMUmax = 149.12 KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │335

t
Mu1 = ϕ 0.85 f’c bf t (d- )
2
150
Mu1 = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (625) (150) (340- )
2
Mu1 = 399.11 KN-m

Mu1 = 399.11 KN-m > Mu = 41.54 KN-m, then a < t

II. a<t

bf = 625 mm

t = 150 mm a C = 0.85 f’c a b

h= 400mm d = 340mm
d-a/2

T = Asfy

bw = 250 mm

Solve for a:
a
Mu = ϕ 0.85 f’c a bf (d- )
2
a
41.54 (10 ) = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (a) (625) (340- )
6
2
a = 12.39 mm

Solve for As :
T=C
As fy = 0.85 f’c a bf
As (415) = 0.85 (21) (12.39) (625)
As = 333.07mm2

Solve minimum As is smaller value of:

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 2𝑓𝑦 𝑤
𝑏 𝑑 = 2(415)
(250)(340) = 𝟒𝟔𝟗. 𝟑𝟎 𝒎𝒎𝟐 (𝑮𝑶𝑽𝑬𝑹𝑵𝑺)

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 4𝑓𝑦 𝑓
𝑏 𝑑 = 4(415)
(625)(340) = 586.62 mm2
As = 333.07mm2 < 469.30 mm2

USE : As = 469.30 mm2

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │336

Using 20 mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 469.30
𝑛=𝜋 =𝜋 = 1.49 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝟐 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔
(𝑑 ) 2 (20) 2
4 𝑏 4

bf = 625 mm

t = 150 mm

h= 400mm d = 340 mm

bw = 250 mm
150 mm

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟏𝟓𝟎−(𝟐𝟎)(𝟐)
𝑿 = = 𝟏𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝒎 > Ø20 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟏
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │337

TRANSVERSE SECTION

*Consider Grid 1 & 11, Span A-B, Span B-C

W = 1.2 (DL) + 1.6 (LL)

W = 1.2 (5.609) + 1.6 (5.7)

W = 15.851kPa

(15.851 )(3.5) 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = + [(3.534 + 9.952)(1.2)] = 34.676
3 𝑚
𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (34.676)(3.5)2
Moment @ Exterior Support (Negative) = − 16 = − 16
= − 26.55 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (34.676)(3.5)2
Moment @ Midspan (Positive) = + 14
=+ 14
= +30.34 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (34.676)(3.5)2
Moment @ Interior Support (Negative) = − 10
=− 10
= −42.48𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

Beam Size = 300 mm x 500 mm ( from preliminary sizing)

@ Exterior Support and Interior Support

I. Solve for pmax, pb, pmin, ω and Mumax

Since : 21 Mpa < 28 Mpa , β = 0.85

0.85 𝑓′ 𝑐 𝛽 600 0.85(21)(0.85)(600)

𝝆𝑏 = 𝑓𝑦 (600+𝑓𝑦)
= 415(600+415)
= 0.02161

𝝆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝜌𝑏 = 0.75(0.02161) = 0.01621

√(𝑓′𝑐) √(21) 1.4

𝝆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 4𝑓𝑦
= 4(415) = 0.00276 but not less than 415
= 0.00337

𝑓𝑦 415
𝝎=𝝆 = (0.01621) = 0.32034
𝑓′𝑐 21

main bars ø
d = h − concrete cover − − stirrupsø
2
20
d = 500 − 40 − − 10
2

d = 440 mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │338

Mumax = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)

Mumax = (0.90) (21) (300) (440)2(0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))

Mumax = 285.18KN-m

Check: if Mu<Mumax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu>Mumax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 42.48KN-m < Mumax = 285.18KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

II. Solve for bd2

Mu = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)
42.48x106 = (0.90) (21) (bd2) (0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))
bd2 = 8651491.785
: Try ratio d = 2b

𝑑
( )𝑑2 = 5788027.225
2

d = 258.64 mm say 400 mm

Say h =400 mm say 500 mm

Check miminum thickness of beam, Both Ends Continuous,

𝑙 𝑓𝑦 3500 415
21
(0.40 + 700) = 21
(0.40 + 700) = 165.48 𝑚𝑚 < 258.64 𝑚𝑚 ( ok )

bd2 = 5788027.225

b = 96.13mm say 300 mm

USE 300 mm x 500 mm

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │339

III. Solve for p

Mu = Ru b d2

42.48x106 = (0.90) Ru (300) (400)2

Ru = 0.98

0.85 𝑓′𝑐 2 𝑅𝑢 0.85(21) 2 (.98)

𝜌= (1− √ ′
)= (1− √ ) = 0.02876
𝑓𝑦 0.85 𝑓 𝑐 415 0.85(21)

Since: pmin = 0.00337 < pmax = 0.01621< p = 0.02876

Use: p = 0.01621

As = p b d = (0.01621) (250) (400)

As = 1621 mm2

Using 20mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 1621
𝑛=𝜋 =𝜋 = 5.15 𝑠𝑎𝑦 6 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
(𝑑 ) 2 (20) 2
4 𝑏 4

Spacing of 20 mm ø bar:

300 mm
500 mm

d = 395 mm
X
16 + 25 = 41 say 47
40 + 10 + 8 = 58
mm
200 mm
Check for actual d:
6y = 2(47)
y = 15.67 mm say 16 mm
d = 395 + 47 -16 = 426 mm > 400 mm (OK)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │340

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟐𝟎𝟎−(𝟐𝟎)(𝟒)
𝑿 = = 𝟒𝟎 𝒎𝒎 > Ø20 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟑
@ MIDSPAN, End Beam

For bf, least of: NSCP TABLE 406.3.2.1

1. bf = bw + 6(t) = 250 + 6 x (150) = 1150mm

L (3500)
2. bf = 𝑏𝑤 + (12) = 250 + = 𝟓𝟒𝟏. 𝟔𝟕 𝒎𝒎 (Adopt)
12

3. bf = bw+(clear transverse span)/2 = 1875mm

I. Assume that the entire flange is in compression and solve for Mu1

𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒅 𝟔𝟎𝟎(𝟒𝟒𝟎)
𝑪𝒃 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚
= 𝟔𝟎𝟎+(𝟒𝟏𝟓)
= 𝟐𝟔𝟎. 𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝒎

𝒂𝒃 = 𝑩𝟏 𝑪𝒃 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟔𝟎. 𝟏𝟎) = 𝟐𝟐𝟏. 𝟎𝟗 𝒎𝒎

𝟎.𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝜷 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝟎.𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟏)(𝟎.𝟖𝟓)(𝟔𝟎𝟎)

𝝆𝒃 = = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟔𝟏
𝒇𝒚 (𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚) 𝟒𝟏𝟓(𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝟒𝟏𝟓)

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 (𝒂𝒃 ) = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓(𝟐𝟐𝟏. 𝟎𝟗) = 𝟏𝟔𝟓. 𝟖𝟐 𝒎𝒎

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒃 (𝒅 − 𝟐
)

𝟏𝟔𝟓. 𝟖𝟐
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 (𝟐𝟏)(𝟏𝟔𝟓. 𝟖𝟐)(𝟑𝟎𝟎) (𝟒𝟒𝟎 − ) = 𝟑𝟏𝟕. 𝟎𝟖 𝑲𝑵 − 𝒎
𝟐

øMUmax = 0.90(317.08) = 285.37 KN-m

Check: if Mu< øMUmax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu> øMUmax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 30.34 KN-m < øMUmax = 285.37 KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │341

t
Mu1 = ϕ 0.85 f’c bf t (d- )
2

150
Mu1 = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (541.67 ) (150) (440- )
2

Mu1 = 476.43 KN-m

Mu1 = 476.43 KN-m > Mu = 30.34 KN-m, then a < t

II. a<t

bf = 541.67 mm

t = 150 mm a C = 0.85 f’c a b

h= 400mm d = 342 mm
d-a/2

T = Asfy

bw = 250 mm

Solve for a:
a
Mu = ϕ 0.85 f’c a bf (d- )
2
a
30.34 (106 ) = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (a) (541.67 ) (440- )
2
a = 8.00 mm

Solve for As :
T=C
As fy = 0.85 f’c a bf
As (415) = 0.85 (21) (8) (541.67)
As = 186.39 mm2

Solve minimum As is smaller value of:

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 2𝑓𝑦 𝑤
𝑏 𝑑 = 2(415)
(300)(440) = 𝟕𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟎 𝒎𝒎𝟐 (GOVERNS)

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 4𝑓𝑦 𝑓
𝑏 𝑑 = 4(415)
(541.67 )(440) = 657.94 mm2
As = 186.39 mm2 < 728.80 mm2
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │342

USE : As = 728.80 mm2

Using 20mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 728.80
𝑛=𝜋 =𝜋 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟏 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟑 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔
(𝑑 ) 2 (20) 2
4 𝑏 4

bf = 541.67
mm

t = 150 mm

h= 500mm d = 440 mm

bw = 300 mm
200 mm

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟐𝟎𝟎−(𝟐𝟎)(𝟑)
𝑿 = = 𝟕𝟎 𝒎𝒎 > Ø20mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟐
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │343

*Consider Grid 2 & 10, Span A-B & Span B-C

W = 1.2 (DL) + 1.6 (LL)

W = 1.2 (5.609) + 1.6 (5.7)

W = 15.851kPa
(15.851 )(4.5) 4.5 2
[( 6 ) (3 − ( 7 ) )]
(15.851 )(3.5)
𝑊𝑢 = ( )+ + [(3.560 + 9.952)(1.2)]
3 2
([ ] )
𝑘𝑁
= 50.083
𝑚
𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (50.083)(3.5)2
Moment @ Exterior Support (Negative) = − 16
=− 16
= − 38.34 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (50.083)(3.5)2
Moment @ Midspan (Positive) = + 14
=+ 14
= +43.82 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (50.083)(3.5)2
Moment @ Interior Support (Negative) = − =− = −61.35 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
10 10
Beam Size = 300 mm x 500 mm ( from preliminary sizing)

@ Exterior Support and Interior Support

I. Solve for pmax, pb, pmin, ω and Mumax

Since : 21 Mpa < 28 Mpa , β = 0.85

0.85 𝑓′ 𝑐 𝛽 600 0.85(21)(0.85)(600)

𝝆𝑏 = 𝑓𝑦 (600+𝑓𝑦)
= 415(600+415)
= 0.02161

𝝆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝜌𝑏 = 0.75(0.02161) = 0.01621

√(𝑓′𝑐) √(21) 1.4

𝝆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 4𝑓𝑦
= 4(415) = 0.00276 but not less than 415
= 0.00337

𝑓𝑦 415
𝝎=𝝆 = (0.01621) = 0.32034
𝑓′𝑐 21

main bars ø
d = h − concrete cover − − stirrupsø
2
20
d = 500 − 40 − − 10
2

d = 440 mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │344

Mumax = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)

Mumax = (0.90) (21) (300) (440)2(0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))

Mumax = 285.04KN-m

Check: if Mu<Mumax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu>Mumax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 61.35 KN-m < Mumax = 285.04KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

II. Solve for bd2

Mu = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)
61.35 x106 = (0.90) (21) (bd2) (0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))
bd2 = 12494562.64
: Try ratio d = 2b

𝑑
( )𝑑2 = 12494562.64
2

d = 292.36 mm say 400 mm

Say h = 400 mm say 500 mm

Check miminum thickness of beam, Both Ends Continuous,

𝑙 𝑓𝑦 3500 415
21
(0.40 + 700) = 21
(0.40 + 700) = 165.48 𝑚𝑚 < 292.36 𝑚𝑚 ( ok )

bd2 = 12494562.64
b = 78.09 mm say 300 mm

USE 300 mm x 500 mm

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │345

III. Solve for p

Mu = Ru b d2

61.35 x106 = (0.90) Ru (300) (400)2

Ru = 1.42

0.85 𝑓′𝑐 2 𝑅𝑢 0.85(21) 2 (1.42)

𝜌= (1− √ ′
)= (1− √ ) = 0.02586
𝑓𝑦 0.85 𝑓 𝑐 415 0.85(21)

Since: pmin = 0.00337 < pmax = 0.01621< p = 0.02586

Use: p = 0.01621

As = p b d = (0.01621) (300) (400)

As = 1945.20 mm2

Using 20mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 1945.20
𝑛=𝜋 = 𝜋 = 6.19 𝑠𝑎𝑦 7 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
(𝑑 ) 2 (20) 2
4 𝑏 4

Spacing of 20mm ø bar:

300 mm
500 mm

d = 395 mm

x
20 + 25 = 45
40 + 10 + 10 = 60
mm
200 mm
Check for actual d:
7y = 2(45)
y = 12.85 mm say 13 mm
d = 395 + 45 -13 = 427 mm > 400 mm (OK)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │346

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟐𝟎𝟎−(𝟐𝟎)(𝟓)
𝑿 = = 𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝒎 > Ø20 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟒
@ MIDSPAN, Interior Beam

For bf, least of: NSCP TABLE 406.3.2.1

1. bf = bw + 2(8t) = 250 + 2 x (8x150) = 2650mm

L (3500)
2. bf = 4 = = 𝟖𝟕𝟓 𝒎𝒎 (Adopt)
4

3. bf = bw+2(clear transverse span)/2 = 1875mm

I. Assume that the entire flange is in compression and solve for Mu1

𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒅 𝟔𝟎𝟎(𝟒𝟒𝟎)
𝑪𝒃 = = = 𝟐𝟔𝟎. 𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝒎
𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚 𝟔𝟎𝟎+(𝟒𝟏𝟓)

𝒂𝒃 = 𝑩𝟏 𝑪𝒃 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟔𝟎. 𝟏𝟎) = 𝟐𝟐𝟏. 𝟎𝟗 𝒎𝒎

𝟎.𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝜷 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝟎.𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟏)(𝟎.𝟖𝟓)(𝟔𝟎𝟎)

𝝆𝒃 = 𝒇𝒚 (𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚)
= 𝟒𝟏𝟓(𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝟒𝟏𝟓)
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟔𝟏

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 (𝒂𝒃 ) = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓(𝟐𝟐𝟏. 𝟎𝟗) = 𝟏𝟔𝟓. 𝟖𝟐 𝒎𝒎

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒃 (𝒅 − 𝟐
)

𝟏𝟔𝟓. 𝟖𝟐
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 (𝟐𝟏)(𝟏𝟔𝟓. 𝟖𝟐)(𝟑𝟎𝟎) (𝟒𝟒𝟎 − ) = 𝟑𝟏𝟕. 𝟎𝟖 𝑲𝑵 − 𝒎
𝟐

øMUmax = 0.90(317.08) = 285.37 KN-m

Check: if Mu< øMUmax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu> øMUmax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 43.82 KN-m < øMUmax = 285.37 KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │347

t
Mu1 = ϕ 0.85 f’c bf t (d- )
2
150
Mu1 = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (875) (150) (440- )
2

Mu1 = 769.61 KN-m

Mu1 = 769.61 KN-m > Mu = 43.82 KN-m, then a < t

II. a<t

bf = 875 mm

a C = 0.85 f’c a b
t = 150 mm

h= 500mm d = 440 mm
d-a/2

T = Asfy

bw = 300 mm

Solve for a:
a
Mu = ϕ 0.85 f’c a bf (d- )
2
a
43.82 (10 ) = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (a) (875) (440- )
6
2
a = 7.14 mm

Solve for As :
T=C
As fy = 0.85 f’c a bf
As (415) = 0.85 (21) (7.14) (875)
As = 268.72 mm2

Solve minimum As is smaller value of:

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = (300)(440) = 𝟕𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟎 𝒎𝒎𝟐 (𝑮𝑶𝑽𝑬𝑹𝑵𝑺)
2𝑓𝑦 2(415)

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 4𝑓𝑦 𝑓
𝑏 𝑑 = 4(415)
(875)(440) = 1062.83 mm2
As = 268.72 mm2 < 728.80 mm2

USE : As = 728.80mm2
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │348

Using 20mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 728.80
𝑛=𝜋 =𝜋 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟏 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟑 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔
(𝑑 ) 2 (20) 2
4 𝑏 4

bf = 875mm

t = 150 mm

h= 500mm d = 440 mm

bw = 300 mm

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟐𝟎𝟎−(𝟐𝟎)(𝟑)
𝑿 = = 𝟕𝟎 𝒎𝒎 > Ø20 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟐
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │349

*Consider Grid 3, 5, 7, & 9, Span A-C

W = 1.2 (DL) + 1.6 (LL)
W = 1.2 (5.609) + 1.6 (5.7)
W = 15.851kPa

(15.851 )(4.5) 4.5 2 𝑘𝑁

𝑊𝑢 = ([( ) (3 − ( ) )] + [(4.241)(1.2)]) (2) = 71.682
6 7 𝑚
𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (71.682)(3.5)2
Moment @ Exterior Support (Negative) = − 16
=− 16
= − 54.88 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (71.682)(3.5)2
Moment @ Midspan (Positive) = + 14
=+ 14
= +62.72 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (71.682)(3.5)2
Moment @ Interior Support (Negative) = − 9
=− 9
= −97.57 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

Beam Size = 300 mm x 600 mm ( from preliminary sizing)

@ Exterior Support and Interior Support

I. Solve for pmax, pb, pmin, ω and Mumax

Since : 21 Mpa < 28 Mpa , β = 0.85

0.85 𝑓′ 𝑐 𝛽 600 0.85(21)(0.85)(600)

𝝆𝑏 = 𝑓𝑦 (600+𝑓𝑦)
= 415(600+415)
= 0.02161

𝝆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝜌𝑏 = 0.75(0.02161) = 0.01621

√(𝑓′𝑐) √(21) 1.4

𝝆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = 4(415) = 0.00276 but not less than = 0.00337
4𝑓𝑦 415

𝑓𝑦 415
𝝎=𝝆 = (0.01621) = 0.32034
𝑓′𝑐 21

main bars ø
d = h − concrete cover − − stirrupsø
2
20
d = 600 − 40 − − 10
2

d = 540 mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │350

Mumax = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)

Mumax = (0.90) (21) (300) (540)2(0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))

Mumax = 429.54KN-m

Check: if Mu<Mumax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu>Mumax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 97.57KN-m < Mumax = 429.54KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

II. Solve for bd2

Mu = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)
97.57x106 = (0.90) (21) (bd2) (0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))
bd2 = 19871140.62
: Try ratio d = 2b

𝑑
( )𝑑2 = 19871140.62
2

d = 341.25 mm

Check miminum thickness of beam, One End Continuous,

𝑙 𝑓𝑦 7000 415
(0.40 + ) = (0.40 + ) = 375.68 𝑚𝑚 > 341.25 𝑚𝑚
18.5 700 18.5 700

Adopt d = 375.68 mm say 380 mm

Say h = 380 mm say 600 mm

bd2 = 19871140.62
b = 137.62 mm say 300 mm

USE 300 mm x 600 mm

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │351

III. Solve for p

Mu = Ru b d2

97.57x106 = (0.90) Ru (250) (380)2

Ru = 3.00

0.85 𝑓′𝑐 2 𝑅𝑢 0.85(21) 2 (3.00)

𝜌= (1− √ ′
)= (1− √ ) = 0.01807
𝑓𝑦 0.85 𝑓 𝑐 415 0.85(21)

Since: pmin = 0.00337 < pmax = 0.01621< p = 0.01807

Use: p = 0.01621

As = p b d = (0.01621) (300) (380)

As = 1847.94 mm2

Using 20mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 1847.94
𝑛=𝜋 = 𝜋 = 5.88 𝑠𝑎𝑦 6 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
(𝑑 ) 2 (20) 2
4 𝑏 4

Spacing of 20mm ø bar:

300 mm
600 mm

d = 495 mm
X

20 + 25 = 45
40 + 10 + 10 = 60
mm
200 mm
Check for actual d:
6y = 4(45)
y = 30 mm
d = 495 + 45 -30 = 510 mm > 380 mm (OK)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │352

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟐𝟎𝟎−(𝟐𝟎)(𝟒)
𝑿 = = 𝟒𝟎 𝒎𝒎 > Ø20 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟑
@ MIDSPAN, Interior Beam

For bf, least of: NSCP TABLE 406.3.2.1

1. bf = bw + 2(8t) = 250 + 2 x (8x150) = 2650mm

L (7000)
2. bf = 4 = = 𝟏𝟕𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎 (Adopt)
4

3. bf = bw+2(clear transverse span)/2 = 7000mm

I. Assume that the entire flange is in compression and solve for Mu1

𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒅 𝟔𝟎𝟎(𝟓𝟒𝟎)
𝑪𝒃 = = = 𝟑𝟏𝟗. 𝟐𝟏 𝒎𝒎
𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚 𝟔𝟎𝟎+(𝟒𝟏𝟓)

𝒂𝒃 = 𝑩𝟏 𝑪𝒃 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓(𝟑𝟏𝟗. 𝟐𝟏) = 𝟐𝟕𝟏. 𝟑𝟑 𝒎𝒎

𝟎.𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝜷 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝟎.𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟏)(𝟎.𝟖𝟓)(𝟔𝟎𝟎)

𝝆𝒃 = 𝒇𝒚 (𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚)
= 𝟒𝟏𝟓(𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝟒𝟏𝟓)
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟔𝟏

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 (𝒂𝒃 ) = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓(𝟐𝟕𝟏. 𝟑𝟑) = 𝟐𝟎𝟑. 𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒃 (𝒅 − 𝟐
)

𝟏𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟖
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 (𝟐𝟏)(𝟐𝟎𝟑. 𝟓𝟎)(𝟑𝟎𝟎) (𝟓𝟒𝟎 − ) = 𝟓𝟏𝟖. 𝟐𝟒 𝑲𝑵 − 𝒎
𝟐

øMUmax = 0.90(518.24) = 466.42 KN-m

Check: if Mu< øMUmax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu> øMUmax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 62.72 KN-m < øMUmax = 466.42KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │353

t
Mu1 = ϕ 0.85 f’c bf t (d- )
2
150
Mu1 = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (1750) (150) (540- )
2

Mu1 = 1960.93 KN-m

Mu1 = 1960.93 KN-m > Mu = 62.72 KN-m, then a < t

II. a<t

bf = 1750 mm

a C = 0.85 f’c a b
t = 150 mm

h= 600mm d = 540 mm
d-a/2

T = Asfy

bw = 300 mm

Solve for a:
a
Mu = ϕ 0.85 f’c a bf (d- )
2
a
62.72(10 ) = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (a) (1750) (540- )
6
2
a = 4.15 mm

Solve for As :
T=C
As fy = 0.85 f’c a bf
As (415) = 0.85 (21) (4.15) (1750)
As = 312.38 mm2

Solve minimum As is smaller value of:

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = (300)(540) = 𝟖𝟗𝟒. 𝟒𝟑 𝒎𝒎𝟐 (𝑮𝑶𝑽𝑬𝑹𝑵𝑺)
2𝑓𝑦 2(415)

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 4𝑓𝑦 𝑓
𝑏 𝑑 = 4(415)
(1750)(540) = 2608.76 mm2
As = 312.38 mm2 < 894.43 mm2

USE : As = 894.43mm2
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │354

Using 20mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 894.43
𝑛=𝜋 =𝜋 = 𝟐. 𝟖𝟒 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟑 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔
(𝑑 ) 2 (20) 2
4 𝑏 4

bf = 1750mm

t = 150 mm

h=600mm d = 540 mm

bw = 300 mm

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟐𝟎𝟎−(𝟐𝟎)(𝟑)
𝑿 = = 𝟕𝟎 𝒎𝒎 > Ø16 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟐
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │355

*Consider Grid 4, 6, & 8, Span A-B & Span B-C

W = 1.2 (DL) + 1.6 (LL)
W = 1.2 (5.609) + 1.6 (5.7)
W = 15.851kPa

(15.851 )(4.5) 4.5 2

[([( ) − ( [(3.534 + 9.953)(1.2)]) (2)]
6 (3 7 ) )] + 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = = 46.936
2 𝑚
𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (46.936)(3.5)2
Moment @ Exterior Support (Negative) = − =− = − 35.94 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
16 16

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (26.464)(3.5)2
Moment @ Midspan (Positive) = + 14
=+ 14
= +41.07 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (46.936)(3.5)2
Moment @ Interior Support (Negative) = − 10
=− 10
= −57.50 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

Beam Size = 300 mm x 500 mm ( from preliminary sizing)

@ Exterior Support and Interior Support

I. Solve for pmax, pb, pmin, ω and Mumax

Since : 21 Mpa < 28 Mpa , β = 0.85

0.85 𝑓′ 𝑐 𝛽 600 0.85(21)(0.85)(600)

𝝆𝑏 = 𝑓𝑦 (600+𝑓𝑦)
= 415(600+415)
= 0.02161

𝝆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝜌𝑏 = 0.75(0.02161) = 0.01621

√(𝑓′𝑐) √(21) 1.4

𝝆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 4𝑓𝑦
= 4(415) = 0.00276 but not less than 415
= 0.00337

𝑓𝑦 415
𝝎=𝝆 = (0.01621) = 0.32034
𝑓′𝑐 21

main bars ø
d = h − concrete cover − − stirrupsø
2
20
d = 500 − 40 − − 10
2

d = 440 mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │356

Mumax = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)

Mumax = (0.90) (21) (300) (440)2(0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))

Mumax = 285.18KN-m

Check: if Mu<Mumax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu>Mumax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 57.50 KN-m < Mumax = 285.18KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

II. Solve for bd2

Mu = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)
57.50 x106 = (0.90) (21) (bd2) (0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))
bd2 = 11710470.28
: Try ratio d = 2b

𝑑
( )𝑑2 = 11710470.28
2
d = 286.11 mm say 400 mm

Say h = 400 mm say 500 mm

Check miminum thickness of beam, Both Ends Continuous,

𝑙 𝑓𝑦 3500 415
21
(0.40 + 700) = 21
(0.40 + 700) = 165.48 𝑚𝑚 < 286.11 𝑚𝑚 ( ok )

bd2 = 11710470.28
b = 73.19 mm say 300 mm

USE 300 mm x 500 mm

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │357

III. Solve for p

Mu = Ru b d2

57.50 x106 = (0.90) Ru (300) (400)2

Ru = 1.33

0.85 𝑓′𝑐 2 𝑅𝑢 0.85(21) 2 (1.33)

𝜌= (1− √ ′
)= (1− √ ) = 0.02641
𝑓𝑦 0.85 𝑓 𝑐 415 0.85(21)

Since: pmin = 0.00337 < pmax = 0.01621< p = 0.02641

Use: p = 0.01621

As = p b d = (0.01621) (300) (400)

As = 1945.20 mm2

Using 20mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 1945.20
𝑛=𝜋 = 𝜋 = 6.19 𝑠𝑎𝑦 7 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
(𝑑 ) 2 (20) 2
4 𝑏 4

Spacing of 20mm ø bar:

300 mm
500 mm

d = 395 mm

x
20 + 25 = 45
40 + 10 + 10 = 60
mm
200 mm
Check for actual d:
7y = 2(45)
y = 12.85 mm say 13 mm
d = 395 + 45 -13 = 427 mm > 400 mm (OK)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │358

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟐𝟎𝟎−(𝟐𝟎)(𝟓)
𝑿 = = 𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝒎 > Ø20 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟒
@ MIDSPAN, Interior Beam

For bf, least of: NSCP TABLE 406.3.2.1

1. bf = bw + 2(8t) = 250 + 2 x (8x150) = 2650mm

L (3500)
2. bf = 4 = = 𝟖𝟕𝟓 𝒎𝒎 (Adopt)
4

3. bf = bw+2(clear transverse span)/2 = 1875mm

XI. Assume that the entire flange is in compression and solve for Mu1

𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒅 𝟔𝟎𝟎(𝟒𝟒𝟎)
𝑪𝒃 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚
= 𝟔𝟎𝟎+(𝟒𝟏𝟓)
= 𝟐𝟔𝟎. 𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝒎

𝒂𝒃 = 𝑩𝟏 𝑪𝒃 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟔𝟎. 𝟏𝟎) = 𝟐𝟐𝟏. 𝟎𝟗 𝒎𝒎

𝟎.𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝜷 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝟎.𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟏)(𝟎.𝟖𝟓)(𝟔𝟎𝟎)

𝝆𝒃 = 𝒇𝒚 (𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚)
= 𝟒𝟏𝟓(𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝟒𝟏𝟓)
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟔𝟏

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 (𝒂𝒃 ) = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓(𝟐𝟐𝟏. 𝟎𝟗) = 𝟏𝟔𝟓. 𝟖𝟐 𝒎𝒎

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒃 (𝒅 − 𝟐
)

𝟏𝟔𝟓. 𝟖𝟐
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 (𝟐𝟏)(𝟏𝟔𝟓. 𝟖𝟐)(𝟑𝟎𝟎) (𝟒𝟒𝟎 − ) = 𝟑𝟏𝟕. 𝟎𝟖 𝑲𝑵 − 𝒎
𝟐

øMUmax = 0.90(317.08) = 285.37 KN-m

Check: if Mu< øMUmax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu> øMUmax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 41.07 KN-m < øMUmax = 285.37 KN-m, SINGLY

REINFORCED
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │359

t
Mu1 = ϕ 0.85 f’c bf t (d- )
2
150
Mu1 = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (875) (150) (440- )
2

Mu1 = 769.61 KN-m

Mu1 = 769.61 KN-m > Mu = 41.07 KN-m, then a < t

XII. a<t

bf = 875 mm

a C = 0.85 f’c a b
t = 150 mm

h= 500mm d = 440 mm
d-a/2

T = Asfy

bw = 300 mm

Solve for a:
a
Mu = ϕ 0.85 f’c a bf (d- )
2
a
41.07 (10 ) = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (a) (875) (440- )
6
2
a = 6.69 mm

Solve for As :
T=C
As fy = 0.85 f’c a bf
As (415) = 0.85 (21) (6.69) (875)
As = 251.783 mm2

Solve minimum As is smaller value of:

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = (300)(440) = 𝟕𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟎 𝒎𝒎𝟐 (𝑮𝑶𝑽𝑬𝑹𝑵𝑺)
2𝑓𝑦 2(415)

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 4𝑓𝑦 𝑓
𝑏 𝑑 = 4(415)
(875)(440) = 1062.83 mm2
As = 251.783 mm2 < 728.80 mm2

USE : As = 728.80 mm2

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │360

Using 20mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 728.80
𝑛=𝜋 =𝜋 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟐 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟑 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔
(𝑑 ) 2 (20) 2
4 𝑏 4

bf = 875mm

t = 150 mm

h= 500mm d = 440 mm

bw = 300 mm

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟐𝟎𝟎−(𝟐𝟎)(𝟑)
𝑿 = = 𝟕𝟎 𝒎𝒎 > Ø20 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟐
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │361

*Consider Grid 1-11, Span C-D

W = 1.2 (DL) + 1.6 (LL)

W = 1.2 (5.609) + 1.6 (5.7)

W = 15.851kPa

(15.851 )(2.5) 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑢 = [ + [(3.534)(1.2)]] (2) = 34.900
3 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (34.90)(2.5)2
Moment @ Exterior Support (Negative) = − 16
=− 16
= − 13.63 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (34.90)(2.5)2
Moment @ Midspan (Positive) = + 14
=+ 14
= +15.58 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛2 (34.90)(2.5)2
Moment @ Interior Support (Negative) = − =− = −21.81𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
10 10

Beam Size = 300 mm x 500 mm ( from preliminary sizing)

@ Exterior Support and Interior Support

VII. Solve for pmax, pb, pmin, ω and Mumax

Since : 21 Mpa < 28 Mpa , β = 0.85

0.85 𝑓′ 𝑐 𝛽 600 0.85(21)(0.85)(600)

𝝆𝑏 = 𝑓𝑦 (600+𝑓𝑦)
= 415(600+415)
= 0.02161

𝝆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝜌𝑏 = 0.75(0.02161) = 0.01621

√(𝑓′𝑐) √(21) 1.4

𝝆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 4𝑓𝑦
= 4(415) = 0.00276 but not less than 415
= 0.00337

𝑓𝑦 415
𝝎=𝝆 = (0.01621) = 0.32034
𝑓′𝑐 21

main bars ø
d = h − concrete cover − − stirrupsø
2
20
d = 500 − 40 − − 10
2

d = 440 mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │362

Mumax = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)

Mumax = (0.90) (21) (300) (440)2(0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))

Mumax = 285.18KN-m

Check: if Mu<Mumax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu>Mumax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 21.81KN-m < Mumax = 285.18KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

VIII. Solve for bd2

Mu = ø f’c b d2 ω (1-0.59ω)
21.81x106 = (0.90) (21) (bd2) (0.32034) (1-0.59(0.32034))
bd2 = 4439795.69
: Try ratio d = 2b

𝑑
( )𝑑2 = 4439795.69
2

d = 207.07 mm say 400 mm

Say h =400 mm say 500 mm

Check miminum thickness of beam, Both Ends Continuous,

𝑙 𝑓𝑦 2500 415
21
(0.40 + 700) = 21
(0.40 + 700) = 118.20 𝑚𝑚 < 207.07 𝑚𝑚 ( ok )

bd2 = 4439795.69
b = 27.75 mm say 300 mm

USE 300 mm x 500 mm

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │363

IX. Solve for p

Mu = Ru b d2

21.81x106 = (0.90) Ru (300) (400)2

Ru = 0.50

0.85 𝑓′𝑐 2 𝑅𝑢 0.85(21) 2 (0.50)

𝜌= (1− √ ′
)= (1− √ ) = 0.0328
𝑓𝑦 0.85 𝑓 𝑐 415 0.85(21)

Since: pmin = 0.00337 < pmax = 0.01621 < p = 0.0328

Use: p = 0.01621

As = p b d = (0.01621) (300) (400)

As = 1945.20 mm2

Using 20mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 1945.20
𝑛=𝜋 = 𝜋 = 6.19 𝑠𝑎𝑦 7 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
(𝑑 ) 2 (20) 2
4 𝑏 4

Spacing of 20mm ø bar:

300 mm
500 mm

d = 395 mm

x
20 + 25 = 45
40 + 10 + 10 = 60
mm
200 mm
Check for actual d:
7y = 2(45)
y = 12.85 mm say 13 mm
d = 395 + 45 -13 = 427 mm > 400 mm (OK)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │364

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟐𝟎𝟎−(𝟐𝟎)(𝟓)
𝑿 = = 𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝒎 > Ø20 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟒
@ MIDSPAN, End Beam

For bf, least of: NSCP TABLE 406.3.2.1

1. bf = bw + 6(t) = 250 + 6 x (150) = 1150mm

L (2500)
2. bf = 𝑏𝑤 + (12) = 250 + = 𝟒𝟓𝟑. 𝟑𝟑 𝒎𝒎 (Adopt)
12

3. bf = bw+(clear transverse span)/2 = 1375mm

V. Assume that the entire flange is in compression and solve for Mu1

𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒅 𝟔𝟎𝟎(𝟒𝟒𝟎)
𝑪𝒃 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚
= 𝟔𝟎𝟎+(𝟒𝟏𝟓)
= 𝟐𝟔𝟎. 𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝒎

𝒂𝒃 = 𝑩𝟏 𝑪𝒃 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟔𝟎. 𝟏𝟎) = 𝟐𝟐𝟏. 𝟎𝟗 𝒎𝒎

𝟎.𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝜷 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝟎.𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟏)(𝟎.𝟖𝟓)(𝟔𝟎𝟎)

𝝆𝒃 = = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟔𝟏
𝒇𝒚 (𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚) 𝟒𝟏𝟓(𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝟒𝟏𝟓)

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 (𝒂𝒃 ) = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓(𝟐𝟐𝟏. 𝟎𝟗) = 𝟏𝟔𝟓. 𝟖𝟐 𝒎𝒎

𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝒇′ 𝒄 𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒃 (𝒅 − 𝟐
)

𝟏𝟔𝟓. 𝟖𝟐
𝑴𝑼𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 (𝟐𝟏)(𝟏𝟔𝟓. 𝟖𝟐)(𝟑𝟎𝟎) (𝟒𝟒𝟎 − ) = 𝟑𝟏𝟕. 𝟎𝟖 𝑲𝑵 − 𝒎
𝟐

øMUmax = 0.90(317.08) = 285.37 KN-m

Check: if Mu< øMUmax – Singly Reinforced

if Mu> øMUmax – Doubly Reinforced

Since: Mu = 15.58 KN-m < øMUmax = 285.37 KN-m, SINGLY REINFORCED

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │365

t
Mu1 = ϕ 0.85 f’c bf t (d- )
2
150
Mu1 = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (453.33 ) (150) (440- )
2
Mu1 = 398.73 KN-m

Mu1 = 398.73 KN-m > Mu = 15.58 KN-m, then a < t

VI. a<t

bf = 453.33 mm

t = 150 mm a C = 0.85 f’c a b

h= 400mm d = 342 mm
d-a/2

T = Asfy

bw = 250 mm

Solve for a:
a
Mu = ϕ 0.85 f’c a bf (d- )
2
a
15.58 (10 ) = (0.90) (0.85) (21) (a) (453.33 ) (342- )
6
2
a = 6.31 mm

Solve for As :
T=C
As fy = 0.85 f’c a bf
As (415) = 0.85 (21) (6.31) (453.33)
As = 123.04mm2

Solve minimum As is smaller value of:

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = (300)(440) = 𝟕𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟎 𝒎𝒎𝟐 (𝑮𝑶𝑽𝑬𝑹𝑵𝑺)
2𝑓𝑦 2(415)

√𝑓′𝑐 √21
𝐴𝑠 = 4𝑓𝑦 𝑓
𝑏 𝑑 = 4(415)
(875)(440) = 1062.83 mm2
As = 251.783 mm2 < 728.80 mm2

USE : As = 728.80 mm2

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e │366

Using 20mm ø bar:

No. of steel:

𝐴𝑠 728.80
𝑛=𝜋 =𝜋 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟏 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟑 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔
(𝑑 ) 2 (20) 2
4 𝑏 4

bf = 453.33
mm

t = 150 mm

h= 500mm d = 440 mm

bw = 300 mm
200 mm

Checking the spacing ‘X’:

𝟐𝟎𝟎−(𝟐𝟎)(𝟑)
𝑿 = = 𝟕𝟎 𝒎𝒎 > Ø20 mm or 25 mm (OK)
𝟐
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│367

SPACING OF STIRRUPS
@ Consider Grid B, AT STAIRS
[ Using 10 mm ø Bar ]

Wu = 76.555 KN/m

d = 425 mm

L=5m

Beam = 300 mm x 500 mm

CRITICAL SECTION FOR SHEAR

5m
R R

Reaction:
𝑊𝑢 𝐿 (76.555)(5) 𝐾𝑁
𝑅 = = = 191.39
2 2 𝑚

𝑉𝑢 = 𝑅 − 𝑊𝑢(𝑑)

𝑉𝑢 = 191.39 − (76.555 )(0.425)

𝑽𝒖 = 𝟏𝟓𝟖. 𝟖𝟓 𝑲𝑵
1
• 𝑉𝑐 = 6 𝜆 √𝑓 ′ 𝑐 (𝑏𝑤)(𝑑)
1
𝑉𝑐 = (1) √21 (300)(425)
6
𝑽𝒄 = 𝟗𝟕. 𝟑𝟖 𝑲𝑵

• 𝜙𝑉𝑐 = 0.75 ( 𝑉𝑐)

𝜙𝑉𝑐 = 0.75 ( 97.38)
𝝓𝑽𝒄 = 𝟕𝟑. 𝟎𝟒 𝑲𝑵
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│368

𝜙𝑉𝑐 73.04
• = = 𝟑𝟔. 𝟓𝟐 𝑲𝑵
2 2
2
• 𝑉𝑠 = √𝑓′𝑐 (𝑏𝑤)(𝑑)
3
2
𝑉𝑠 = √21 (300)(425)
3
𝑉𝑠 = 389.52 KN

Check if the beam size is adequate for the required shear:

𝑉𝑢 158.85
𝑉𝑠 = − 𝑉𝑐 = − 97.38 = 114.42 𝐾𝑁 < 389.52 𝐾𝑁 (𝑂𝐾)
𝜙 0.75

𝜙 𝑉𝑐
If 𝑉𝑢 < , 𝑆𝑇𝐼𝑅𝑅𝑈𝑃𝑆 𝑁𝑂𝑇 𝑁𝐸𝐸𝐷𝐸𝐷
2
𝜙 𝑉𝑐
If < 𝜙𝑉𝑐 , 𝑃𝑅𝑂𝑉𝐼𝐷𝐸 𝐴𝑣 𝑚𝑖𝑛
2
If 𝑉𝑢 > 𝜙𝑉𝑐 , 𝑃𝑅𝑂𝑉𝐼𝐷𝐸 𝑆𝑇𝐼𝑅𝑅𝑈𝑃𝑆

Since Vu > Vc reinforcement is necessary.

Spacing @ Distance “d”:

𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦 𝑑
𝑠=
𝑉𝑠

𝜋 𝜋
; 𝐴𝑣 = 2 (4 ) (𝑑𝑏 )2 = 2 ( 4 ) (10)2 = 157.08 𝑚𝑚2

(157.08) (275) (425)

𝑠=
114.42 𝑥 103

𝑠 = 160.45 mm

Maximum stirrup spacing:

1 1
√𝑓′𝑐 (𝑏𝑤)(𝑑) = √21 (300)(425) = 194.76 kN
3 3
1
Since VS > 3
√𝑓′𝑐 (𝑏𝑤)(𝑑); Smax = d/2 or 600mm

Smax = d/2= 425/4= 212.5 mm or Smax =300mm

Therefore, use S =160.45 mm or 160 mm(governs)

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│369

Vu Diagram
191.34 kN

ΦVs

ΦVc

d
0.425
m
X1
X2

2.5 m

Stirrup is not needed

Minimum area of stirrup is within this range
needed within this range

𝑋1 2.5
=
191.34 − 73.04 191.34

𝑋1 = 1.54𝑚

𝑋2 2.5
=
191.34 − 36.52 125.66

𝑋2 = 2.02𝑚

@ X1

Vu=Ru-Wu(L)

=191.39 - 76.555(530)

Vu= 150.82kN
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│370

V𝑢
VS = − 𝑉𝑐
Ø

150.82
VS = − 97.38
075

VS= 103.71kN
𝐴𝑉 𝑓𝑦𝑡 𝑑
𝑠= 𝑉𝑆

157.08(275)(425)
𝑠= 103.71

S= 177.02mm

Maximum Spacing
𝑑
Smax=2 or 600mm

425
Smax = = 212.5 mm ≈ 210mm
2

Therefore, use S = 177.02 say 180mm

0.5ØVc < Vu < ØVc

𝐴𝑣 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑤
= .062√𝑓 ′ 𝑐
𝑠 𝑓𝑦𝑡

𝐴𝑣 𝑚𝑖𝑛 0.35𝑏𝑤
=
𝑠 𝑓𝑦𝑡
𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦𝑡
S1 =
0.062√𝑓′𝑐(𝑏𝑤)

157.08(275)
S1 = 0.062√21(300)

S1 = 506.79 mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│371

𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦𝑡
S2 =
0.35(𝑏𝑤)

157.08(275)
S2 = 0.35(300)

S2 = 411.40 mm

Smax = d/2 or 600 mm

Smax = 425/2 = 212.5 mm ≈ 200 mm

Therefore, use S = 200mm for the rest of the Beam

No. of Spacing Length Total

Stirrups (mm) (mm) Distance from
Support
(mm)
1 50 50 50
3 160 480 530
8 180 1440 1970
The rest @ 200mm

@ Consider Grid 3, 5, 7, and 9, SPAN A-C

[ Using 10 mm ø Bar ]

Wu = 71.682 KN/m

d = 510 mm

L=7m

Beam = 300 mm x 600 mm

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│372

CRITICAL SECTION FOR SHEAR

5m
R R

Reaction:
𝑊𝑢 𝐿 (71.682)(7) 𝐾𝑁
𝑅 = = = 250.89
2 2 𝑚

𝑉𝑢 = 𝑅 − 𝑊𝑢(𝑑)

𝑉𝑢 = 250.89 − (71.682)(0.510)

𝑽𝒖 = 𝟐𝟏𝟒. 𝟑𝟑 𝑲𝑵
1
• 𝑉𝑐 = 6 𝜆 √𝑓 ′ 𝑐 (𝑏𝑤)(𝑑)
1
𝑉𝑐 = (1) √21 (300)(510)
6
𝑽𝒄 = 𝟏𝟏𝟔. 𝟖𝟔 𝑲𝑵

• 𝜙𝑉𝑐 = 0.75 ( 𝑉𝑐)

𝜙𝑉𝑐 = 0.75 ( 116.86)
𝝓𝑽𝒄 = 𝟖𝟕. 𝟔𝟓 𝑲𝑵

𝜙𝑉𝑐 87.65
• = = 𝟒𝟑. 𝟖𝟐 𝑲𝑵
2 2

2
• 𝑉𝑠 = √𝑓′𝑐 (𝑏𝑤)(𝑑)
3
2
𝑉𝑠 = √21 (300)(510)
3
𝑉𝑠 = 467.42 KN
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│373

Check if the beam size is adequate for the required shear:

𝑉𝑢 214.33
𝑉𝑠 = − 𝑉𝑐 = − 116.86 = 168.91 𝐾𝑁 < 467.42 𝐾𝑁 (𝑂𝐾)
𝜙 0.75

𝜙 𝑉𝑐
If 𝑉𝑢 < , 𝑆𝑇𝐼𝑅𝑅𝑈𝑃𝑆 𝑁𝑂𝑇 𝑁𝐸𝐸𝐷𝐸𝐷
2
𝜙 𝑉𝑐
If < 𝜙𝑉𝑐 , 𝑃𝑅𝑂𝑉𝐼𝐷𝐸 𝐴𝑣 𝑚𝑖𝑛
2
If 𝑉𝑢 > 𝜙𝑉𝑐 , 𝑃𝑅𝑂𝑉𝐼𝐷𝐸 𝑆𝑇𝐼𝑅𝑅𝑈𝑃𝑆

Since Vu > Vc reinforcement is necessary.

Spacing @ Distance “d”:

𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦 𝑑
𝑠=
𝑉𝑠

𝜋 𝜋
; 𝐴𝑣 = 2 ( ) (𝑑𝑏 )2 = 2 ( ) (10)2 = 157.08 𝑚𝑚2
4 4

(157.08) (275) (510)

𝑠=
168.91 𝑥 103

𝑠 = 130.43 mm

Maximum stirrup spacing:

1 1
√𝑓′𝑐 (𝑏𝑤)(𝑑) = √21 (300)(510) = 231.37 kN
3 3
1
Since VS > 3
√𝑓′𝑐 (𝑏𝑤)(𝑑); Smax = d/2 or 600mm

Smax = d/2= 510/4= 260 mm or Smax =300mm

Therefore, use S =130.43 mm or 130 mm(governs)

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│374

Vu Diagram
250.89 kN

ΦVs

ΦVc

d
0.510m

X1
X2

3.5 m

Stirrup is not needed

Minimum area of stirrup is within this range
needed within this range

250.89 2214.33.5
=
3.5 3.5 − 𝑋1

𝑋1 = 0.51 𝑚

250.89 43.82
=
3.5 3.5 − 𝑋2

𝑋2 = 2.89𝑚

@ X1

Vu=Ru-Wu(L)

=250.89 – 71.682(.51)

Vu= 214.33 kN
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│375

V𝑢
VS = − 𝑉𝑐
Ø

214.33
VS = 0.75
− 116.86

VS = 162 kN

𝐴𝑉 𝑓𝑦𝑡 𝑑
𝑠=
𝑉𝑆

157.08(275)(510)
𝑠=
162

S = 136 mm

Maximum Spacing:
𝑑
Smax = 2
or 600mm

510
Smax = = 255 mm ≈ 250 mm
2

Therefore, use S = 136 mm say 135 mm

0.5ØVc < Vu < ØVc

𝐴𝑣 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑤
= .062√𝑓 ′ 𝑐
𝑠 𝑓𝑦𝑡

𝐴𝑣 𝑚𝑖𝑛 0.35𝑏𝑤
=
𝑠 𝑓𝑦𝑡

𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦𝑡
S1 =
0.062√𝑓 ′ 𝑐(𝑏𝑤)

157.08(275)
S1 =
0.062√21(300)

S1 = 506.79 mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│376

𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦𝑡
S2 =
0.35(𝑏𝑤)

157.08(275)
S2 =
0.35(300)

S2 = 411.40 mm

Smax = d/2 or 600 mm

Smax = 510/2 = 255 mm ≈ 250 mm

Therefore, use S = 250 mm for the rest of the Beam

No. of Spacing Length Total

Stirrups (mm) (mm) Distance from
Support
(mm)
3 50 150 150
5 130 650 800
16 135 2160 2960
The rest @ 200mm

@ Grid A, Span 2-3, Span 3-4, Span 4-5 Span 5-6, Span 6-7 Span
7-8, Span 8-9, Span 9-10
[ Using 10 mm ø Bar ]

Wu = 57.735 KN/m

d = 425 mm

L = 4.5 m
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│377

Beam = 300 mm x 500 mm

CRITICAL SECTION FOR SHEAR

4.5 m
R R

Reaction:
𝑊𝑢 𝐿 (57.735)(4.5)
𝑅 = = = 129.90 kN
2 2
𝑉𝑢 = 𝑅 − 𝑊𝑢(𝑑)

𝑉𝑢 = 129.90 − (57.735)(0.425)

𝑽𝒖 = 𝟏𝟎𝟓. 𝟑𝟕 𝑲𝑵
1
• 𝑉𝑐 = 6 𝜆 √𝑓 ′ 𝑐 (𝑏𝑤)(𝑑)
1
𝑉𝑐 = (1) √21 (300)(425)
6
𝑽𝒄 = 𝟗𝟕. 𝟑𝟖 𝑲𝑵

• 𝜙𝑉𝑐 = 0.75 ( 𝑉𝑐)

𝜙𝑉𝑐 = 0.75 ( 97.38)
𝝓𝑽𝒄 = 𝟕𝟑. 𝟎𝟒 𝑲𝑵

𝜙𝑉𝑐 73.04
• = = 𝟑𝟔. 𝟓𝟐 𝑲𝑵
2 2

2
• 𝑉𝑠 = √𝑓′𝑐 (𝑏𝑤)(𝑑)
3
2
𝑉𝑠 = √21 (300)(425)
3
𝑉𝑠 = 389.52 KN
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│378

Check if the beam size is adequate for the required shear:

𝑉𝑢 105.37
𝑉𝑠 = − 𝑉𝑐 = − 97.38 = 43.11 𝐾𝑁 < 389.52 𝐾𝑁 (𝑂𝐾)
𝜙 0.75

𝜙 𝑉𝑐
If 𝑉𝑢 < , 𝑆𝑇𝐼𝑅𝑅𝑈𝑃𝑆 𝑁𝑂𝑇 𝑁𝐸𝐸𝐷𝐸𝐷
2
𝜙 𝑉𝑐
If < 𝜙𝑉𝑐 , 𝑃𝑅𝑂𝑉𝐼𝐷𝐸 𝐴𝑣 𝑚𝑖𝑛
2
If 𝑉𝑢 > 𝜙𝑉𝑐 , 𝑃𝑅𝑂𝑉𝐼𝐷𝐸 𝑆𝑇𝐼𝑅𝑅𝑈𝑃𝑆

Since Vu > Vc reinforcement is necessary.

Spacing @ Distance “d”

𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦 𝑑
𝑠=
𝑉𝑠

𝜋 𝜋
; 𝐴𝑣 = 2 ( 4 ) (𝑑𝑏 )2 = 2 (4 ) (10)2 = 157.08 𝑚𝑚2

(157.08) (275) (425)

𝑠=
43.11 𝑥 103

𝑠 = 425.86 mm

Maximum stirrup spacing:

1 1
• √𝑓′𝑐 (𝑏𝑤)(𝑑) = 3 √21 (300) (425) = 194.76kN
3

1
Since VS < √𝑓′𝑐 (𝑏𝑤)(𝑑) ; Smax = d/2 or 600mm
3

Smax = d/2= 425/2= 212.5 mm or Smax =600mm

Therefore, use Smax = 212.5mm ≈ 200 mm for the rest of the Beam
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│379

No. of Spacing Length Total

Stirrups (mm) (mm) Distance from
Support
(mm)
3 50 150 150
The rest @ 200 mm

@ Grid 2 AND 10
[ Using 10 mm ø Bar ]

Wu = 50.083 KN/m

d = 425 mm

L = 3.5 m

Beam = 300 mm x 500 mm

CRITICAL SECTION FOR SHEAR

3.5 m
R R

Reaction:
𝑊𝑢 𝐿 (50.083)(3.5)
𝑅 = = = 87.65 kN
2 2

𝑉𝑢 = 𝑅 − 𝑊𝑢(𝑑)

𝑉𝑢 = 87.65 − (50.083)(0.425)

𝑽𝒖 = 𝟔𝟔. 𝟑𝟔 𝑲𝑵
1
• 𝑉𝑐 = 6 𝜆 √𝑓 ′ 𝑐 (𝑏𝑤)(𝑑)
1
𝑉𝑐 = (1) √21 (300)(425)
6
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│380

𝑽𝒄 = 𝟗𝟕. 𝟑𝟖 𝑲𝑵

• 𝜙𝑉𝑐 = 0.75 ( 𝑉𝑐)

𝜙𝑉𝑐 = 0.75 ( 97.38)
𝝓𝑽𝒄 = 𝟕𝟑. 𝟎𝟒 𝑲𝑵

𝜙𝑉𝑐 73.04
• = = 𝟑𝟔. 𝟓𝟐 𝑲𝑵
2 2

2
• 𝑉𝑠 = √𝑓′𝑐 (𝑏𝑤)(𝑑)
3
2
𝑉𝑠 = √21 (300)(425)
3
𝑉𝑠 = 389.52 KN

Check if the beam size is adequate for the required shear:

𝑉𝑢 66.36
𝑉𝑠 = − 𝑉𝑐 = − 97.38 = −8.9 𝐾𝑁 < 389.52 𝐾𝑁 (𝑂𝐾)
𝜙 0.75

𝜙 𝑉𝑐
If 𝑉𝑢 < , 𝑆𝑇𝐼𝑅𝑅𝑈𝑃𝑆 𝑁𝑂𝑇 𝑁𝐸𝐸𝐷𝐸𝐷
2
𝜙 𝑉𝑐
If < 𝜙𝑉𝑐 , 𝑃𝑅𝑂𝑉𝐼𝐷𝐸 𝐴𝑣 𝑚𝑖𝑛
2
If 𝑉𝑢 > 𝜙𝑉𝑐 , 𝑃𝑅𝑂𝑉𝐼𝐷𝐸 𝑆𝑇𝐼𝑅𝑅𝑈𝑃𝑆

Since Vu > Vc reinforcement is necessary.

Spacing @ Distance “d”

𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦 𝑑
𝑠=
𝑉𝑠

𝜋 𝜋
; 𝐴𝑣 = 2 ( ) (𝑑𝑏 )2 = 2 ( ) (10)2 = 157.08 𝑚𝑚2
4 4

(157.08) (275) (425)

𝑠=
−8.9 𝑥 103

𝑠 = −2062.78 mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│381

Maximum stirrup spacing:

1 1
• √𝑓′𝑐 (𝑏𝑤)(𝑑) = 3 √21 (300) (425) = 194.76kN
3

1
Since VS < √𝑓′𝑐 (𝑏𝑤)(𝑑) ; Smax = d/2 or 600mm
3

Smax = d/2= 425/2= 212.5 mm or Smax =600mm

Therefore, use Smax = 212.5mm ≈ 200 mm for the rest of the Beam

No. of Spacing Length Total

Stirrups (mm) (mm) Distance from
Support
(mm)
3 50 150 150
The rest @ 200 mm

@ Grid 2 AND 10
[ Using 10 mm ø Bar ]

Wu = 27.573 KN/m

d = 425 mm

L = 2.5 m
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│382

Beam = 300 mm x 500 mm

CRITICAL SECTION FOR SHEAR

2.5 m
R R

Reaction:
𝑊𝑢 𝐿 (27.573)(2.5)
𝑅 = = = 34.47 kN
2 2
𝑉𝑢 = 𝑅 − 𝑊𝑢(𝑑)

𝑉𝑢 = 34.47 − (27.573)(0.425)

𝑽𝒖 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟕𝟓 𝑲𝑵
1
• 𝑉𝑐 = 6 𝜆 √𝑓 ′ 𝑐 (𝑏𝑤)(𝑑)
1
𝑉𝑐 = (1) √21 (300)(425)
6
𝑽𝒄 = 𝟗𝟕. 𝟑𝟖 𝑲𝑵

• 𝜙𝑉𝑐 = 0.75 ( 𝑉𝑐)

𝜙𝑉𝑐 = 0.75 ( 97.38)
𝝓𝑽𝒄 = 𝟕𝟑. 𝟎𝟒 𝑲𝑵

𝜙𝑉𝑐 73.04
• = = 𝟑𝟔. 𝟓𝟐 𝑲𝑵
2 2

2
• 𝑉𝑠 = √𝑓′𝑐 (𝑏𝑤)(𝑑)
3
2
𝑉𝑠 = √21 (300)(425)
3
𝑉𝑠 = 389.52 KN
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│383

Check if the beam size is adequate for the required shear:

𝑉𝑢 22.573
𝑉𝑠 = − 𝑉𝑐 = − 97.38 = −67.28 𝐾𝑁 < 389.52 𝐾𝑁 (𝑂𝐾)
𝜙 0.75

𝜙 𝑉𝑐
If 𝑉𝑢 < , 𝑆𝑇𝐼𝑅𝑅𝑈𝑃𝑆 𝑁𝑂𝑇 𝑁𝐸𝐸𝐷𝐸𝐷
2
𝜙 𝑉𝑐
If < 𝜙𝑉𝑐 , 𝑃𝑅𝑂𝑉𝐼𝐷𝐸 𝐴𝑣 𝑚𝑖𝑛
2
If 𝑉𝑢 > 𝜙𝑉𝑐 , 𝑃𝑅𝑂𝑉𝐼𝐷𝐸 𝑆𝑇𝐼𝑅𝑅𝑈𝑃𝑆

Since Vu > Vc reinforcement is necessary.

Spacing @ Distance “d”

𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦 𝑑
𝑠=
𝑉𝑠

𝜋 𝜋
𝐴𝑣 = 2 ( 4 ) (𝑑𝑏 )2 = 2 ( 4 ) (10)2 = 157.08 𝑚𝑚2

(157.08) (275) (425)

𝑠=
−67.28 𝑥 103

𝑠 = −272.87 mm

Maximum stirrup spacing:

1 1
• √𝑓′𝑐 (𝑏𝑤)(𝑑) = 3 √21 (300) (425) = 194.76kN
3

1
Since VS < 3
√𝑓′𝑐 (𝑏𝑤)(𝑑) ; Smax = d/2 or 600mm

Smax = d/2= 425/2= 212.5 mm or Smax =600mm

Therefore, use Smax = 212.5mm ≈ 200 mm for the rest of the Beam

No. of Spacing Length Total

Stirrups (mm) (mm) Distance from
Support
(mm)
3 50 150 150
The rest @ 200 mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│384
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│385
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│386

TYPICAL BEAM LAYOUT

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│387

APPENDIX G

COLUMN DESIGN
I. External Columns: (C1, C2, C3, C4)
Design Criteria:
Concrete compressive strength, f’c = 21Mpa
Yield strength of steel, fy = 415Mpa
Modulus of Elasticity for steel = 200,000Mpa
Unit Weight of concrete, ɣconc = 23.56 kN/m3
Concrete cover:
cc = 50mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│388

Strength reduction factor ∅ = 0.65

A. Column 1 (Grid D-2)

Typical Tributary Area for Column 1 @Grid D2

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│389

1. Roof Deck to 4th Floor Column-1

➢ Computed Loads from Preliminary Sizing:

@Roof Deck Load:

Beam Size B2 = 0.250m x 0.400m
Beam Size B3 = 0.300m x 0.500m
Considering Tributary Area:
Beam Length B2= 4.75 m
Beam Length B3= 1.45 m
Area of Slab to consider = (2.5+2.25) x (1.45) = 6.89m2
Wt. of beam B2 = (0.250m x 0.400m) (4.75) x 23.56= 11.19 KN
Wt. of beam B3 = (0.300m x 0.500m) (1.45) x 23.56= 3.42 KN
Parapet wall= (4.665) (4.75) = 22.16 KN
DL = (5.679)(6.89) + 11.19 + 3.42 + 22.16 = 𝟕𝟓. 𝟗𝟎 𝐊𝐍
LL = (1.9 + 1)x 6.89 = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟗𝟖𝐊𝐍
PuRD = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(75.90) + 1.6(19.98) = 𝟏𝟐𝟑. 𝟎𝟓 𝐊𝐍

@4th Floor Load:

Beam Size B2 = 0.250m x 0.400m
Beam Size B3 = 0.300m x 0.500m
Beam Length B2= 4.75 m
Beam Length B3= 1.45 m
Area of Slab to consider = (2.5+2.25) x (1.45) = 6.89m2
Wt. of beam B2 = (0.250m x 0.400m) (4.75) x 23.56= 11.19 KN
Wt. of beam B3 = (0.300m x 0.500m) (1.45) x 23.56= 3.42 KN
Parapet wall= (4.665) (3.5) = 16.33 KN
Assume column size = 0.400m x 0.400m
Height of column = 3.2m
𝐾𝑁
Weight of Column = (0.400 x 0.400 x 3.2) x 23.56 𝑚3 = 12.06KN

DL = (5.609)(6.89) + 11.19 + 3.42 + 16.33 + 12.06 = 𝟖𝟏. 𝟔𝟓𝐊𝐍

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│390

LL = (1.9 + 3.8)x 6.89m2 = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟐𝟕𝐊𝐍

Pu4th = 1.2DL + 1.6LL + PuRD = 1.2(81.65) + 1.6(39.27) + 123.05
Pu4th = 283.86 KN

Ast
Pu = (𝛼)(∅) Po ; 𝜌 = ; Assume 𝜌 = 0.02
Ag

;Ast = 0.02Ag

➢ Area Gross, Ag:

Pu = (𝛼)(∅) [0.85f ′ c (Ag − Ast ) + fy Ast ]

283.86 x 103 = (0.80)(0.65) [0.85(21)(Ag − 0.02Ag ) + 415(0.02Ag )]

Ag = 𝟐𝟏𝟏𝟔𝟒. 𝟎𝟔𝒎𝒎𝟐

b2 = Ag
b = √21164.06 = 145.48𝑚𝑚 ;say 300mm
Acol = 300 x 300mm = 90,000mm2

➢ Area of Steel, Ast:

Ast = 𝜌(Acol ) = 0.02(90000) = 𝟏, 𝟖𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎𝟐

➢ Using ∅25𝑚𝑚:
𝜋
A∅25 = (25)2 = 490.87𝑚𝑚2
4
➢ No. of bars:
Ast 1800
n= = = 3.66𝑝𝑐𝑠. ; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝟒𝒑𝒄𝒔 − ∅𝟐𝟓
A∅25 490.87

➢ Check ρ:
𝜋
Ast 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = (25)2 (4) = 𝟏𝟗𝟔𝟑. 𝟓𝟎𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│391

Ast 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 1963.50

𝜌= = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐
Ac 3002
Since ρ = 0.02 > 0.01 --------------(Ok!)

Pu = (𝛼)(∅) [0.85f ′ c (Ag − Ast ) + fy Ast ]

Pu = (0.80)(0.65) [0.85(21)(3002 − 1963.50) + 415(1963.50)]
Pucap = 𝟏𝟐𝟗𝟗. 𝟐𝟎𝐤𝐍 > Pactual = 283.86𝑘𝑁 − − − − − − − (𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒!)

2. 4th Floor to 3rd Floor Column-1

➢ Computed Loads from Preliminary Sizing:

@4th Floor Load:

Pu4th = 283.86 KN

@3rd Floor Load:

Beam Size B2 = 0.250m x 0.400m
Beam Size B3 = 0.300m x 0.500m
Beam Length B2= 4.75 m
Beam Length B3= 1.45 m
Area of Slab to consider = (2.5+2.25) x (1.45) = 6.89m2
Wt. of beam B2 = (0.250m x 0.400m) (4.75) x 23.56= 11.19 KN
Wt. of beam B3 = (0.300m x 0.500m) (1.45) x 23.56= 3.42 KN
Parapet wall= (4.665) (3.5) = 16.33 KN
Assume column size = 0.300m x 0.300m
Height of column = 3.2m
𝐾𝑁
Weight of Column = (0.300 x 0.300 x 3.2) x 23.56 𝑚3 = 6.79KN

DL = (5.609)(6.89) + 11.19 + 3.42 + 16.33 + 6.79 = 𝟕𝟔. 𝟐𝟗𝐊𝐍

LL = (1.9 + 3.8)x 6.89m2 = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟐𝟕𝐊𝐍
Pu3rd = 1.2DL + 1.6LL + PuRD = 1.2(76.29) + 1.6(39.27) + 283.86
Pu3rd = 438.24 KN
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│392

➢ Area Gross, Ag:

Ast
Pu = (𝛼)(∅) Po ; 𝜌 = ; Assume 𝜌 = 0.02
Ag
;Ast = 0.02Ag

Pu = (𝛼)(∅) [0.85f ′ c (Ag − Ast ) + fy Ast ]

438.24 x 103 = (0.80)(0.65) [0.85(21)(Ag − 0.02Ag ) + 415(0.02Ag )]
Ag = 𝟑𝟐𝟔𝟕𝟒. 𝟑𝟒𝒎𝒎𝟐

b2 = Ag
b = √33153.75 = 180.76𝑚𝑚 ;say 300mm
Acol = 300 x 300mm = 90,000mm2

➢ Area of Steel, Ast:

Ast = 𝜌(Acol ) = 0.02(90000) = 𝟏, 𝟖𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎𝟐

➢ Using ∅25𝑚𝑚:
𝜋
A∅25 = (25)2 = 490.87𝑚𝑚2
4
➢ No. of bars:
Ast 1800
n= = = 3.66𝑝𝑐𝑠. ; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝟒𝒑𝒄𝒔 − ∅𝟐𝟓
A∅25 490.87
Check: Pucap = 𝟏𝟐𝟗𝟗. 𝟐𝟎𝐤𝐍 > Pactual = 438.24𝑘𝑁 − − − − − − − (𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒!)

3. 3RD to 2nd Floor Clolumn-1

➢ Computed Loads from Preliminary Sizing:

@3rd Floor Load:

Pu3rd = 444.67 KN

@2nd Floor Load:

Beam Size B2 = 0.250m x 0.400m
Beam Size B3 = 0.300m x 0.500m
Beam Length B2= 4.75 m
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│393

Beam Length B3= 1.45 m

Area of Slab to consider = (2.5+2.25) x (1.45) = 6.89m2
Wt. of beam B2 = (0.250m x 0.400m) (4.75) x 23.56= 11.19 KN
Wt. of beam B3 = (0.300m x 0.500m) (1.45) x 23.56= 3.42 KN
Parapet wall= (4.665) (3.5) = 16.33 KN
Assume column size = 0.300m x 0.300m
Height of column = 3.2m
𝐾𝑁
Weight of Column = (0.300 x 0.300 x 3.2) x 23.56 𝑚3 = 6.79KN

DL = (5.609)(6.89) + 11.19 + 3.42 + 16.33 + 6.79 = 𝟖𝟏. 𝟔𝟓𝐊𝐍

LL = (1.9 + 3.8)x 6.89m2 = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟐𝟕𝐊𝐍
Pu2nd = 1.2DL + 1.6LL + PuRD = 1.2(81.65) + 1.6(39.27) + 444.67
Pu2nd = 605.48KN

➢ Area Gross, Ag:

Ast
Pu = (𝛼)(∅) Po ; 𝜌 = ; Assume 𝜌 = 0.02
Ag
;Ast = 0.02Ag

Pu = (𝛼)(∅) [0.85f ′ c (Ag − Ast ) + fy Ast ]

605.48 x 103 = (0.80)(0.65) [0.85(21)(Ag − 0.02Ag ) + 415(0.02Ag )]
Ag = 𝟒𝟓𝟏𝟒𝟑. 𝟒𝟑𝒎𝒎𝟐

b2 = Ag
b = √45143.43 = 212.47𝑚𝑚 ;say 300mm
Acol = 300 x 300mm = 90,000mm2
➢ Area of Steel, Ast:
Ast = 𝜌(Acol ) = 0.02(90000) = 𝟏, 𝟖𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎𝟐

➢ Using ∅25𝑚𝑚:
𝜋
A∅25 = (25)2 = 490.87𝑚𝑚2
4
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│394

➢ No. of bars:
Ast 1800
n= = = 3.66𝑝𝑐𝑠. ; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝟒𝒑𝒄𝒔 − ∅𝟐𝟓
A∅25 490.87
Check: Pucap = 𝟏𝟐𝟗𝟗. 𝟐𝟎𝐤𝐍 > Pactual = 605.48𝑘𝑁 − − − − − − − (𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒!)

4. 2nd to 1st Floor Column-1:

➢ Computed Loads from Preliminary Sizing:

@2nd Floor Load:

Pu2nd = 605.48KN

@1st Floor Load:

Beam Size B2 = 0.250m x 0.400m
Beam Size B3 = 0.300m x 0.500m
Beam Length B2= 4.75 m
Beam Length B3= 1.45 m
Area of Slab to consider = (2.5+2.25) x (1.45) = 6.89m2
Wt. of beam B2 = (0.250m x 0.400m) (4.75) x 23.56= 11.19 KN
Wt. of beam B3 = (0.300m x 0.500m) (1.45) x 23.56= 3.42 KN
Parapet wall= (4.665) (3.5) = 16.33 KN
Assume column size = 0.300m x 0.300m
Height of column = 3.2m
𝐾𝑁
Weight of Column = (0.300 x 0.300 x 3.2) x 23.56 𝑚3 = 6.79KN

DL = (5.609)(6.89) + 11.19 + 3.42 + 16.33 + 6.79 = 𝟖𝟏. 𝟔𝟓𝐊𝐍

LL = (1.9 + 3.8)x 6.89m2 = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟐𝟕𝐊𝐍
Pu1st = 1.2DL + 1.6LL + PuRD = 1.2(81.65) + 1.6(39.27) + 605.48
Pu1st = 766.29KN
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│395

➢ Area Gross, Ag:

Ast
Pu = (𝛼)(∅) Po ; 𝜌 = ; Assume 𝜌 = 0.02
Ag
;Ast = 0.02Ag

Pu = (𝛼)(∅) [0.85f ′ c (Ag − Ast ) + fy Ast ]

766.29 x 103 = (0.80)(0.65) [0.85(21)(Ag − 0.02Ag ) + 415(0.02Ag )]
Ag = 𝟓𝟕𝟏𝟑𝟑. 𝟏𝟐𝒎𝒎𝟐

b2 = Ag
b = √57133.12 = 239.02𝑚𝑚 ;say 300mm
Acol = 300 x 300mm = 90,000mm2
➢ Area of Steel, Ast:
Ast = 𝜌(Acol ) = 0.02(90000) = 𝟏, 𝟖𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎𝟐

➢ Using ∅25𝑚𝑚:
𝜋
A∅25 = (25)2 = 490.87𝑚𝑚2
4

➢ No. of bars:
Ast 1800
n= = = 3.66𝑝𝑐𝑠. ; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝟒𝒑𝒄𝒔 − ∅𝟐𝟓
A∅25 490.87

Check: Pucap = 𝟏𝟐𝟗𝟗. 𝟐𝟎𝐤𝐍 > Pactual = 766.29𝑘𝑁 − − − − − − − (𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒!)

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│396

Column 1 Cross section

∴For Column 1, Use 300 x 300mm with 𝟒𝒑𝒄𝒔 − ∅𝟐𝟓 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔

➢ Spacing of Vertical Bars (∅25):

Spacing @ top=Spacing @ sides = 300 – 2(50) – 2(10) – 2(25) = 130
130
= = 130𝑚𝑚 < 150𝑚𝑚 ; (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔)
1

➢ Standard Hook Length for Lateral Ties:

Hook Length for 10mm diameter Lateral tie @ 135-degree hook:
Hook length = 4db = 4(10) = 40mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│397

➢ Spacing of Lateral Ties: (NSCP SECTION 418.7.5.3)

1 1
S1 = 𝑥 (min. column dimension) = (300) = 𝟕𝟓𝒎𝒎(𝒂𝒅𝒐𝒑𝒕)
4 4
S2 = 6 𝑥 (dia. of the smallest main rebar) = 6(25) = 150𝑚𝑚
100 + (350 − ℎ𝑥 ) 100 + (350 − 180)
S0 = = = 90𝑚𝑚; 100 < S0 < 150
3 3
hx = h-2(cc)-2(dt) = 300-2(50)-2(10) = 180

Length Lo: (NSCP SECTION 418.7.5.1)

greatest of:
max cross − section dimension of column = 300mm
Lo = { ⁄6 (clear span of column) = 1⁄6 (3050) = 508.33 ≈ 𝟓𝟏𝟎𝐦𝐦
1
450mm

L0 = 𝟓𝟏𝟎𝒎𝒎
L0 510
= = 6.68 ≈ 𝟕@ 𝟕𝟓𝒎𝒎
75 75
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│398

Typical Column Lateral Ties spacing

∴Spacing for Column 1 Lateral ties, use

1@ 50, 7@ 75, REST @ 150mm O.C.
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│399

B. Column 2 (Grid B-1)

Tributary Area for Column 2 @Grid B1

1. Roof Deck to 4th Floor Column 2

➢ Computed Loads from Preliminary Sizing:

@Roof Deck:
DL = (5.679)(7.88) + 12.37 + 7.77 + 16.33 = 𝟖𝟏. 𝟐𝟐 𝐊𝐍
LL = (1.9 + 1)x 7.88 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟖𝟓𝐊𝐍
PuRD = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(81.22) + 1.6(22.85) = 𝟏𝟑𝟒. 𝟎𝟐 𝐊𝐍

@Fourth Floor:
Assume column size = 0.400m x 0.400m
Stair DL = 7.193 x (1.75 x 2.5) = 31.47KN
DL = (5.609)(7.88) + 12.37 + 7.77 + 12.06 + 30.85 + 31.47 =
𝟏𝟑𝟖. 𝟕𝟐𝐊𝐍
LL = (1.9 + 3.8)x 7.88m2 = 𝟒𝟒. 𝟗𝟐 𝐊𝐍
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│400

Pu4th = 1.2DL + 1.6LL + PuRD = 1.2(138.72) + 1.6(44.92) + 134.02

Pu4th = 372.36 KN

➢ Area Gross, Ag:

Ast
Pu = (𝛼)(∅) Po ; 𝜌 = ; Assume 𝜌 = 0.02
Ag
;Ast = 0.02Ag

Pu = (𝛼)(∅) [0.85f ′ c (Ag − Ast ) + fy Ast ]

372.36 x 103 = (0.80)(0.65) [0.85(21)(Ag − 0.02Ag ) + 415(0.02Ag )]
Ag = 𝟐𝟕𝟕𝟔𝟐. 𝟒𝟓𝒎𝒎𝟐

b2 = Ag
b = √27762.45 = 166.62𝑚𝑚 ;say 300mm
Use 300mm x 300mm:
Acol = 300 x 300mm = 90,000mm2
➢ Area of Steel, Ast:
Ast = 𝜌(Acol ) = 0.02(90000) = 𝟏, 𝟖𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎𝟐

➢ Using ∅25𝑚𝑚:
𝜋
A∅25 = (25)2 = 490.87𝑚𝑚2
4

➢ No. of bars:
Ast 1800
n= = = 3.66𝑝𝑐𝑠. ; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝟒𝒑𝒄𝒔 − ∅𝟐𝟓
A∅25 490.87
Check: Pucap = 𝟏𝟐𝟗𝟗. 𝟐𝟎𝐤𝐍 > Pactual = 372.36𝑘𝑁 − − − − − − − (𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒!)

2. Fourth to Third Floor Column 2

➢ Computed Loads from Preliminary Sizing:

@Fourth Floor:
Pu4th = 372.36 KN
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│401

@Third Floor:
Assume column size = 0.450m x 0.450m
Stair DL = 7.193 x (1.75 x 2.5) = 31.47KN
DL = (5.609)(7.88) + 15.27 + 7.77 + 12.06 + 30.85 + 31.47 =
𝟏𝟒𝟏. 𝟔𝟐𝐊𝐍
LL = (1.9 + 3.8)x 7.88m2 = 𝟒𝟒. 𝟗𝟐 𝐊𝐍
Pu3rd = 1.2DL + 1.6LL + PuRD = 1.2(141.62) + 1.6(44.92) + 334.59
Pu3rd = 576.41 KN

➢ Area Gross, Ag:

Ast
Pu = (𝛼)(∅) Po ; 𝜌 = ; Assume 𝜌 = 0.02
Ag
;Ast = 0.02Ag

Pu = (𝛼)(∅) [0.85f ′ c (Ag − Ast ) + fy Ast ]

576.41 x 103 = (0.80)(0.65) [0.85(21)(Ag − 0.02Ag ) + 415(0.02Ag )]
Ag = 𝟒𝟐𝟗𝟕𝟔. 𝟎𝟑𝒎𝒎𝟐

b2 = Ag
b = √42976.03 = 207.31𝑚𝑚 ;say 300mm
Use 300mm x 300mm:
Acol = 300 x 300mm = 90,000mm2
➢ Area of Steel, Ast:
Ast = 𝜌(Acol ) = 0.02(90000) = 𝟏, 𝟖𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎𝟐

➢ Using ∅25𝑚𝑚:
𝜋
A∅25 = (25)2 = 490.87𝑚𝑚2
4

➢ No. of bars:
Ast 1800
n= = = 3.66𝑝𝑐𝑠. ; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝟒𝒑𝒄𝒔 − ∅𝟐𝟓
A∅25 490.87
Check: Pucap = 𝟏𝟐𝟗𝟗. 𝟐𝟎𝐤𝐍 > Pactual = 576.41𝑘𝑁 − − − − − − − (𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒!)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│402

3. Third to Second Floor Column 2

➢ Computed Loads from Preliminary Sizing:

@Third Floor:
Pu3rd = 576.41 KN

@Seond Floor:
Assume column size = 0.450m x 0.450m
Stair DL = 7.193 x (1.75 x 2.5) = 31.47KN
DL = (5.609)(7.88) + 15.27 + 7.77 + 12.06 + 30.85 + 31.47 =
𝟏𝟑𝟖. 𝟕𝟐𝐊𝐍
LL = (1.9 + 3.8)x 7.88m2 = 𝟒𝟒. 𝟗𝟐 𝐊𝐍
Pu2nd = 1.2DL + 1.6LL + PuRD = 1.2(138.72) + 1.6(44.92) + 538.64
Pu2nd = 776.98KN

➢ Area Gross, Ag:

Ast
Pu = (𝛼)(∅) Po ; 𝜌 = ; Assume 𝜌 = 0.02
Ag
;Ast = 0.02Ag

Pu = (𝛼)(∅) [0.85f ′ c (Ag − Ast ) + fy Ast ]

776.98 x 103 = (0.80)(0.65) [0.85(21)(Ag − 0.02Ag ) + 415(0.02Ag )]
Ag = 𝟓𝟕𝟗𝟑𝟎. 𝟏𝟓𝒎𝒎𝟐

b2 = Ag
b = √57930.15 = 240.69𝑚𝑚 ;say 300mm
Use 300mm x 300mm:
Acol = 300 x 300mm = 90,000mm2
➢ Area of Steel, Ast:
Ast = 𝜌(Acol ) = 0.02(90000) = 𝟏, 𝟖𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎𝟐
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│403

➢ Using ∅25𝑚𝑚:
𝜋
A∅25 = (25)2 = 490.87𝑚𝑚2
4

➢ No. of bars:
Ast 1800
n= = = 3.66𝑝𝑐𝑠. ; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝟒𝒑𝒄𝒔 − ∅𝟐𝟓
A∅25 490.87
Check: Pucap = 𝟏𝟐𝟗𝟗. 𝟐𝟎𝐤𝐍 > Pactual = 776.98𝑘𝑁 − − − − − − − (𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒!)

4. Second to Ground Floor Column 2

➢ Computed Loads from Preliminary Sizing:

@Second Floor:
Pu2nd = 776.98KN

@Ground Floor:
Assume column size = 0.450m x 0.450m
Stair DL = 7.193 x (1.75 x 2.5) = 31.47KN
DL = (5.609)(7.88) + 15.27 + 7.77 + 12.06 + 30.85 + 31.47 =
𝟏𝟑𝟖. 𝟕𝟐𝐊𝐍
LL = (1.9 + 3.8)x 7.88m2 = 𝟒𝟒. 𝟗𝟐 𝐊𝐍
Pu1st = 1.2DL + 1.6LL + PuRD = 1.2(138.72) + 1.6(44.92) + 776.98
Pu1st = 1015.316KN
➢ Area Gross, Ag:
Ast
Pu = (𝛼)(∅) Po ; 𝜌 = ; Assume 𝜌 = 0.02
Ag
;Ast = 0.02Ag

Pu = (𝛼)(∅) [0.85f ′ c (Ag − Ast ) + fy Ast ]

1015.32 x 103 = (0.80)(0.65) [0.85(21)(Ag − 0.02Ag ) + 415(0.02Ag )]
Ag = 𝟕𝟓𝟕𝟎𝟎. 𝟑𝟐𝒎𝒎𝟐
b2 = Ag
b = √75700.32 = 275.14𝑚𝑚 ;say 300mm
Use 300mm x 300mm:
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│404

Acol = 300 x 300mm = 90,000mm2

➢ Area of Steel, Ast:
Ast = 𝜌(Acol ) = 0.02(90000) = 𝟏, 𝟖𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎𝟐

➢ Using ∅25𝑚𝑚:
𝜋
A∅25 = (25)2 = 490.87𝑚𝑚2
4

➢ No. of bars:
Ast 1800
n= = = 3.66𝑝𝑐𝑠. ; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝟒𝒑𝒄𝒔 − ∅𝟐𝟓
A∅25 490.87

➢ Check ρ:
𝜋
Ast 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = (25)2 (4) = 𝟏𝟗𝟔𝟑. 𝟓𝟎𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
Ast 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 1963.50
𝜌= = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐
Ac 3002
Since ρ = 0.02 > 0.01 --------------(Ok!)

Pu = (𝛼)(∅) [0.85f ′ c (Ag − Ast ) + fy Ast ]

Pu = (0.80)(0.65) [0.85(21)(3002 − 1963.50) + 415(1963.50)]
Pucap = 𝟏𝟐𝟗𝟗. 𝟐𝟎𝐤𝐍 > Pactual = 1015.31𝑘𝑁 − − − − − − − (𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒!)

∴Spacing for Column 2 Lateral ties, use

1@ 50, 7@ 75, REST @ 150mm O.C.
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│405

Column 2 Typical Cross Section

∴For Column 2 @ Roof Deck to Footing, Use 300 x 300mm with
𝟒𝒑𝒄𝒔 − ∅𝟐𝟓 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔

C. Column 3 & 4 @Grid A-3 (Considering Column 3 = Column 4)

Tributary Area for Column 4 @Grid A3

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│406

1. Roof Deck to 4th Floor @Column 3 & 4

➢ Computed Loads from Preliminary Sizing:

@Roof Deck:
Area of Slab to consider = (3.5 x 4.50) = 15.75m2
Weight of beam B1 = (0.30m x 0.50m) (4.50) x 23.56= 15.90 KN
Wt. of beam B6 = (0.300m x 0.600m) (3.50) x 23.56= 14.84 KN
Parapet wall= (4.665) (3.5) = 16.33 KN
DL = (5.679)(15.75) + 15.90 + 14.84 + 16.33 = 𝟏𝟑𝟔. 𝟓𝟏 𝐊𝐍
LL = (1.9 + 1)x 15.75 = 𝟒𝟓. 𝟔𝟖 𝐊𝐍
PuRD = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(136.51) + 1.6(45.68) = 𝟐𝟑𝟔. 𝟗𝟎 𝑲𝑵

@Fourth Floor:
Area of Slab to consider = (1.75+1.75) x (2.25 + 2.25) = 15.75m2
Wt. of beam B1 = (0.300m x 0.500m) (3.5) x 23.56= 12.37KN
Wt. of beam B6 = (0.300m x 0.600m) (3.5) x 23.56= 14.84KN
𝐾𝑁
Weight of Column = (0.400 x 0.400 x 3.2) x 23.56 𝑚3 = 12.06KN

Weight of Interior wall = 9.952 kN/m (3.50m) = 34.78kN

Weight of Exterior wall = 4.665 kN/m (4.5m) = 21kN
DL = (5.609)(15.75) + 14.84 + 12.37 + 34.78 + 21 + 12.06 =
𝟏𝟖𝟑. 𝟑𝟗𝐊𝐍
LL = (1.9 + 1)x 15.75m2 = 𝟒𝟓. 𝟔𝟖 𝐊𝐍
Pu4th = 1.2DL + 1.6LL + PuRD = 1.2(183.39) + 1.6(89.78 ) + 236.90
Pu4th = 600.62 KN
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│407

➢ Area Gross, Ag:

Ast
Pu = (𝛼)(∅) Po ; 𝜌 = ; Assume 𝜌 = 0.02
Ag
;Ast = 0.02Ag

Pu = (𝛼)(∅) [0.85f ′ c (Ag − Ast ) + fy Ast ]

600.62 x 103 = (0.80)(0.65) [0.85(21)(Ag − 0.02Ag ) + 415(0.02Ag )]
Ag = 𝟒𝟒𝟕𝟖𝟏. 𝟎𝟖𝒎𝒎𝟐

b2 = Ag
b = √44781.08 = 211.61𝑚𝑚 ; say 300mm
Use 300mm x 300mm:
Acol = 300 x 300mm = 90,000mm2

➢ Area of Steel, Ast:

Ast = 𝜌(Acol ) = 0.02(90000) = 𝟏, 𝟖𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎𝟐

➢ Using ∅25𝑚𝑚:
𝜋
A∅25 = (25)2 = 490.87𝑚𝑚2
4

➢ No. of bars:
Ast 1800
n= = = 3.66𝑝𝑐𝑠. ; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝟒𝒑𝒄𝒔 − ∅𝟐𝟓
A∅25 490.87

➢ Check ρ:
𝜋
Ast 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = (25)2 (4) = 𝟏𝟗𝟔𝟑. 𝟓𝟎𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
Ast 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 1963.50
𝜌= = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐
Ac 3002
Since ρ = 0.02 > 0.01 --------------(Ok!)
Pu = (𝛼)(∅) [0.85f ′ c (Ag − Ast ) + fy Ast ]
Pu = (0.80)(0.65) [0.85(21)(3002 − 1963.50) + 415(1963.50)]
Pucap = 𝟏𝟐𝟗𝟗. 𝟐𝟎𝐤𝐍 > Pactual = 𝟔𝟎𝟎. 𝟔𝟐𝒌𝑵 − − − − − − − (𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒!)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│408

Column Cross section @4th Floor

2. Fourth to Third Floor @Column 3 & 4

➢ Computed Loads from Preliminary Sizing:

@Fourth Floor:
Pu4th = 600.62 KN

@Third Floor:
DL = (5.609)(15.75) + 14.84 + 12.37 + 34.78 + 21 + 12.06 =
𝟏𝟖𝟑. 𝟑𝟗𝐊𝐍
LL = (1.9 + 1)x 15.75m2 = 𝟒𝟓. 𝟔𝟖 𝐊𝐍
Pu3rd = 1.2DL + 1.6LL + PuRD = 1.2(183.39) + 1.6(45.68 ) + 600.62
Pu3rd = 893.78 KN
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│409

➢ Area Gross, Ag:

Ast
Pu = (𝛼)(∅) Po ; 𝜌 = ; Assume 𝜌 = 0.02
Ag
;Ast = 0.02Ag

Pu = (𝛼)(∅) [0.85f ′ c (Ag − Ast ) + fy Ast ]

893.78 x 103 = (0.80)(0.65) [0.85(21)(Ag − 0.02Ag ) + 415(0.02Ag )]
Ag = 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟑𝟖. 𝟓𝟑𝒎𝒎𝟐

b2 = Ag
b = √66638.53 = 258.14𝑚𝑚 ; say 400mm
Use 400mm x 400mm

Acol = 400 x 400mm = 160,000mm2

➢ Area of Steel, Ast:
Ast = 𝜌(Acol ) = 0.02(160000) = 𝟑, 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎𝟐

➢ Using ∅25𝑚𝑚:
𝜋
A∅25 = (25)2 = 490.87𝑚𝑚2
4

➢ No. of bars:
Ast 3200
n= = = 6.51𝑝𝑐𝑠. ; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝟖𝒑𝒄𝒔 − ∅𝟐𝟓
A∅25 490.87

➢ Check ρ:
𝜋
Ast 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = (25)2 (8) = 𝟑𝟗𝟐𝟕𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
Ast 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 3927
𝜌= = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐
Ac 4002
Since ρ = 0.02 > 0.01 --------------(Ok!)

Pu = (𝛼)(∅) [0.85f ′ c (Ag − Ast ) + fy Ast ]

Pu = (0.80)(0.65) [0.85(21)(4002 − 3927) + 415(3927)]
Pucap = 𝟐𝟐𝟗𝟔. 𝟏𝟐𝒌𝑵 > Pactual = 𝟖𝟗𝟑. 𝟕𝟖𝒌𝑵 − − − − − − − (𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒!)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│410

Maximum moment that can act without affecting the design:

E/h = 0.1
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│411

3. Third to Second Floor @Column 3 & 4

➢ Computed Loads from Preliminary Sizing:

@Third Floor:
Pu3rd = 893.78 KN

@Second Floor:

DL = (5.609)(15.75) + 14.84 + 12.37 + 34.78 + 21 + 12.06 =

𝟏𝟖𝟑. 𝟑𝟗𝐊𝐍
LL = (1.9 + 1)x 15.75m2 = 𝟒𝟓. 𝟔𝟖 𝐊𝐍
Pu2nd = 1.2DL + 1.6LL + PuRD = 1.2(183.39) + 1.6(45.68 ) + 893.78
Pu2nd = 1186.94 KN

➢ Area Gross, Ag:

Ast
Pu = (𝛼)(∅) Po ; 𝜌 = ; Assume 𝜌 = 0.02
Ag
;Ast = 0.02Ag

Pu = (𝛼)(∅) [0.85f ′ c (Ag − Ast ) + fy Ast ]

1186.94 x 103 = (0.80)(0.65) [0.85(21)(Ag − 0.02Ag ) + 415(0.02Ag )]
Ag = 𝟖𝟖𝟒𝟐𝟓. 𝟗𝟎𝒎𝒎𝟐
b2 = Ag
b = √88425.90 = 297.35𝑚𝑚 ; say 400mm
Use 400mm x 400mm:
Acol = 400 x 400mm = 160,000mm2

➢ Area of Steel, Ast:

Ast = 𝜌(Acol ) = 0.02(160000) = 𝟑, 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎𝟐

➢ Using ∅25𝑚𝑚:
𝜋
A∅25 = (25)2 = 490.87𝑚𝑚2
4
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│412

➢ No. of bars:
Ast 3200
n= = = 6.51𝑝𝑐𝑠. ; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝟖𝒑𝒄𝒔 − ∅𝟐𝟓
A∅25 490.87

➢ Check ρ:
𝜋
Ast 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = (25)2 (8) = 𝟑𝟗𝟐𝟕𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
Ast 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 3927
𝜌= = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐
Ac 4002
Since ρ = 0.02 > 0.01 --------------(Ok!)

Pu = (𝛼)(∅) [0.85f ′ c (Ag − Ast ) + fy Ast ]

Pu = (0.80)(0.65) [0.85(21)(4002 − 3927) + 415(3927)]
Pucap = 𝟐𝟐𝟗𝟔. 𝟏𝟐𝑲𝐍 > Pactual = 𝟏𝟏𝟖𝟔. 𝟗𝟒𝒌𝑵 − − − − − − − (𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒!)

4. Second to First Floor Column 3 & 4

➢ Computed Loads from Preliminary Sizing:

@Second Floor:
Pu2nd = 1186.94KN
@First Floor:
DL = (5.609)(15.75) + 14.84 + 12.37 + 34.78 + 21 + 12.06 =
𝟏𝟖𝟑. 𝟑𝟗𝐊𝐍
LL = (1.9 + 1)x 15.75m2 = 𝟒𝟓. 𝟔𝟖 𝐊𝐍
Pu1st = 1.2DL + 1.6LL + PuRD = 1.2(183.39) + 1.6(45.68 ) + 1186.94
Pu1st = 1409.24KN
➢ Area Gross, Ag:
Ast
Pu = (𝛼)(∅) Po ; 𝜌 = ; Assume 𝜌 = 0.02
Ag
;Ast = 0.02Ag
Pu = (𝛼)(∅) [0.85f ′ c (Ag − Ast ) + fy Ast ]
1409.24 x 103 = (0.80)(0.65) [0.85(21)(Ag − 0.02Ag ) + 415(0.02Ag )]
Ag = 𝟏𝟎𝟓𝟎𝟕𝟎. 𝟐𝟓𝒎𝒎𝟐
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│413

b2 = Ag
b = √99017.62 = 324.15𝑚𝑚 ; say 400mm
Use 400mm x 400mm:
Acol = 400 x 400mm = 160,000mm2
➢ Area of Steel, Ast:
Ast = 𝜌(Acol ) = 0.02(160000) = 𝟑, 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎𝟐

➢ Using ∅25𝑚𝑚:
𝜋
A∅25 = (25)2 = 490.87𝑚𝑚2
4
➢ No. of bars:
Ast 3200
n= = = 6.51𝑝𝑐𝑠. ; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝟖𝒑𝒄𝒔 − ∅𝟐𝟓
A∅25 490.87

Check: Pucap = 𝟐𝟐𝟗𝟔. 𝟏𝟐𝑲𝐍 > Pactual = 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟗. 𝟐𝟒𝒌𝑵 − − − − − − − (𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒!)

Column 3 & 4 Cross section

∴Spacing for Column 3 & 4 Lateral ties, use
1@ 50, 7@ 75, REST @ 150mm O.C.
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│414

➢ Spacing of Vertical Bars (∅25):

Spacing @ top=Spacing @ sides = 400 – 2(50) – 2(10) – 2(25) = 230
230
= = 115𝑚𝑚 < 150𝑚𝑚 ; (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔)
2
➢ Splicing of Main Bars: (NSCP 2015, SECTION 425.5)
Splice Distance(min) = 40 x db = 40 x 25 = 1000mm = 1meter

Summary:
EXTERNAL COLUMNS
SPACING OF
DIMENSIONS NO. OF MAIN
MARK LATERAL TIES
BARS

1. COLUMN 1 300 x 300mm 4-∅25 1@ 50, 7@ 75,

REST @150
@ALL FLOORS
O.C

2. COLUMN 2 300 x 300mm 4-∅25 1@ 50, 7@ 75,

REST @150
@ALL FLOORS
O.C

300 x 300mm
@4TH FLOOR 4-∅25
1@ 50, 7@ 75,
3. COLUMN
REST @150
400 x 400mm
3&4 O.C
@REMAINING 8-∅25
FLOORS
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│415

COLUMN 1&2 COLUMN 3&4

REFERENCE DETAILED ELEVATION OF EXTERNAL COLUMNS

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│416
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 417

II. Internal Columns: (C3, C4, C5)

Design Criteria:
Concrete compressive strength, f’c = 21Mpa
Yield strength of steel, fy = 415Mpa
Modulus of Elasticity for steel = 200,000Mpa
Unit Weight of concrete, ɣconc = 23.56 kN/m3
Concrete cover:
cc = 40mm
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 418

Strength reduction factor ∅ = 0.65

A. Column 3 & 4 (Grid C)

Section for Tributary Area of Column @ C4

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 419

*Considering larger Tributary area for Column 3 & 4

1. Roof Deck to 4th Floor Column 3 & 4

➢ Computed Loads from Preliminary Sizing:

@Roof Deck Load:

Beam Size B3 and B1 = 0.300m x 0.500m
Beam Size B6 = 0.300m x 0.600m
Beam Length B3 and B1= (1.25) + (2.25+2.25) = 5.75m
Beam Length B6 = 3.50m
Area of Slab to consider = (3.50 + 1.25) x (2.25 + 2.25) = 21.38m2
Wt. of beam B3 and B1 = (0.30m x 0.50m) (5.75) x 23.56= 20.32 KN
Weight of beam B6 = (0.300m x 0.600m) (3.50) x 23.56= 14.84 KN
DL = (5.679)(21.38) + 20.32 + 14.84 = 𝟏𝟓𝟔. 𝟓𝟖 𝐊𝐍
LL = (1.9 + 1)x 21.38 = 𝟔𝟐. 𝟎𝟎 𝐊𝐍
PuRD = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(156.58) + 1.6(62.00) = 𝟐𝟖𝟕. 𝟏𝟎 𝐊𝐍

@Fourth Floor Load:

Assume column size = 0.500m x 0.500m
Height of column = 3.2m
𝐾𝑁
Weight of Column = (0.500 x 0.500 x 3.2) x 23.56 𝑚3 = 18.85 KN

Beam Size B3 and B1 = 0.300m x 0.500m

Beam Size B6 = 0.300m x 0.600m
Beam Length B3 and B1= (1.25) + (2.25+2.25) = 5.75m
Beam Length B6 = 3.50m
Area of Slab to consider = (3.50 + 1.25) x (2.25 + 2.25) = 21.38m2
Wt of beam B3 and B1 = (0.30m x 0.50m) (5.75) x 23.56= 20.32 KN
Weight of beam B6 = (0.300m x 0.600m) (3.50) x 23.56= 14.84 KN
Length of Interior wall = 4.5m
Weight of Interior wall = 9.952 kN/m (4.5m) = 44.78 kN
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 420

DL = (5.609)(21.38) + 18.85 + 20.32 + 14.84 + 44.784 = 𝟐𝟏𝟖. 𝟕𝟏𝐊𝐍

LL = (1.9 + 3.8)x 21.38m2 = 𝟏𝟐𝟏. 𝟖𝟕 𝐊𝐍
Pu4th = 1.2DL + 1.6LL + PuRD = 1.2(218.71) + 1.6(121.87) + 287.10
Pu4th = 744.54 KN

Ast
Pu = (𝛼)(∅) Po ; 𝜌 = ; Assume 𝜌 = 0.02
Ag

;Ast = 0.02Ag
➢ Area Gross, Ag:

Pu = (𝛼)(∅) [0.85f ′ c (Ag − Ast ) + fy Ast ]

744.54 x 103 = (0.80)(0.65) [0.85(21)(Ag − 0.02Ag ) + 415(0.02Ag )]

Ag = 𝟕𝟖𝟏𝟒𝟐. 𝟔𝟓𝒎𝒎𝟐

b2 = Ag
b = √78142.65 = 279.54𝑚𝑚 ;say 500mm
Acol = 500 x 500mm = 250,000mm2

➢ Area of Steel, Ast:

Ast = 𝜌(Acol ) = 0.02(250000) = 𝟓, 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎𝟐

➢ Using ∅25𝑚𝑚:
𝜋
A∅25 = (25)2 = 490.87𝑚𝑚2
4
➢ No. of bars:
Ast 5000
n= = = 10.19𝑝𝑐𝑠. ; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝟏𝟎𝒑𝒄𝒔 − ∅𝟐𝟓
A∅25 490.87
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 421

➢ Check ρ:
𝜋
Ast 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = (25)2 (10) = 𝟒𝟗𝟎𝟖. 𝟕𝟒𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
Ast 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 4908.74
𝜌= = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐
Ac 5002
Since ρ = 0.02 > 0.01 --------------(Ok!)

Pu = (𝛼)(∅) [0.85f ′ c (Ag − Ast ) + fy Ast ]

Pu = (0.80)(0.65) [0.85(21)(5002 − 4908.74) + 415(4908.74)]
Pucap = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟒. 𝟐𝟒𝐤𝐍 > Pactual = 744.54𝑘𝑁 − − − − − − − (𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒!)

➢ Spacing of Vertical Bars (∅25):

Spacing @ sides = 500 – 2(40) – 2(10) – 2(25) = 350
350
= = 116.67𝑚𝑚 < 150𝑚𝑚 ; (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔)
3
Spacing @ top = 500 – 2(40) – 2(10) – 2(25) = 350

350
= = 175𝑚𝑚 > 150𝑚𝑚 ; ( 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑔 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝)
2

Column 3 & 4 Cross section @ 4th Floor

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 422

∴For Column 3 & 4 @ Roof Deck to Fourth Floor, Use 500 x 500mm
with 𝟏𝟎𝒑𝒄𝒔 − ∅𝟐𝟓 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔

2. 4th to 3rd Floor Column 3 & 4

➢ Computed Loads from Preliminary Sizing:

@Fourth Floor Load:

Pu4th = 744.54 KN
@Third Floor Load:
Assume column size = 0.550m x 0.550m
Height of column = 3.2m
𝐾𝑁
Weight of Column = (0.550 x 0.550 x 3.2) x 23.56 𝑚3 = 22.81 KN

DL = (5.609)(21.38) + 20.32 + 22.81 + 14.84 + 44.784 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐. 𝟔𝟕𝐊𝐍

LL = (1.9 + 3.8)x 21.38m2 = 𝟏𝟐𝟏. 𝟖𝟕 𝐊𝐍
Pu3rd = 1.2DL + 1.6LL + PuRD = 1.2(222.67) + 1.6(121.87) + 744.54
Pu3rd = 1206.74 KN

Ast
Pu = (𝛼)(∅) Po ; 𝜌 = ; Assume 𝜌 = 0.02
Ag

;Ast = 0.02Ag

➢ Area Gross, Ag:

Pu = (𝛼)(∅) [0.85f ′ c (Ag − Ast ) + fy Ast ]

1206.74 x 103 = (0.80)(0.65) [0.85(21)(Ag − 0.02Ag ) + 415(0.02Ag )]

Ag = 𝟖𝟗𝟗𝟕𝟐. 𝟐𝟑𝒎𝒎𝟐

b2 = Ag
b = √89972.23 = 300𝑚𝑚 ;say 550mm
Acol = 550 x 550mm = 302,500mm2
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 423

➢ Area of Steel, Ast:

Ast = 𝜌(Acol ) = 0.02(302500) = 𝟔, 𝟎𝟓𝟎𝒎𝒎𝟐

➢ Using ∅25𝑚𝑚:
𝜋
A∅25 = (25)2 = 490.87𝑚𝑚2
4

➢ No. of bars:
Ast 6050
n= = = 12.19𝑝𝑐𝑠. ; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝟏𝟐𝒑𝒄𝒔 − ∅𝟐𝟓
A∅25 490.87

➢ Check ρ:
𝜋
Ast 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = (25)2 (12) = 𝟓𝟖𝟗𝟎. 𝟒𝟗𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
Ast 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 5890.49
𝜌= = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐
Ac 5502
Since ρ = 0.02 > 0.01 --------------(Ok!)

Pu = (𝛼)(∅) [0.85f ′ c (Ag − Ast ) + fy Ast ]

Pu = (0.80)(0.65) [0.85(21)(5502 − 5890.49) + 415(5890.49)]
Pucap = 𝟒𝟎𝟐𝟒. 𝟑𝟎𝐤𝐍 > Pactual = 1206.74𝑘𝑁 − − − − − − − (𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒!)

3. 3rd to 2nd Floor Column 3 & 4

➢ Computed Loads from Preliminary Sizing:

@Third Floor Load:

Pu3rd = 1206.74 KN
@Second Floor Load:

Assume column size = 0.550m x 0.550m

DL = (5.609)(21.38) + 22.81 + 20.32 + 14.84 + 44.784 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐. 𝟔𝟕𝐊𝐍

LL = (1.9 + 3.8)x 21.38m2 = 𝟏𝟐𝟏. 𝟖𝟕 𝐊𝐍
Pu2nd = 1.2DL + 1.6LL + PuRD = 1.2(222.67) + 1.6(121.87) + 1206.74
Pu2nd = 1668.94 KN
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 424
Ast
Pu = (𝛼)(∅) Po ; 𝜌 = ; Assume 𝜌 = 0.02
Ag

;Ast = 0.02Ag

➢ Area Gross, Ag:

Pu = (𝛼)(∅) [0.85f ′ c (Ag − Ast ) + fy Ast ]

1668.4 x 103 = (0.80)(0.65) [0.85(21)(Ag − 0.02Ag ) + 415(0.02Ag )]

Ag = 𝟏𝟐𝟒𝟒𝟑𝟑𝒎𝒎𝟐
b2 = Ag
b = √124433 = 352.75𝑚𝑚 ;say 550mm
Acol = 550 x 550mm = 302,500mm2
➢ Area of Steel, Ast:
Ast = 𝜌(Acol ) = 0.02(302500) = 𝟔, 𝟎𝟓𝟎𝒎𝒎𝟐

➢ Using ∅25𝑚𝑚:
𝜋
A∅25 = (25)2 = 490.87𝑚𝑚2
4

➢ No. of bars:
Ast 6050
n= = = 12.19𝑝𝑐𝑠. ; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝟏𝟐𝒑𝒄𝒔 − ∅𝟐𝟓
A∅25 490.87

➢ Check ρ:
𝜋
Ast 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = (25)2 (12) = 𝟓𝟖𝟗𝟎. 𝟒𝟗𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
Ast 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 5890.49
𝜌= = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐
Ac 5502
Since ρ = 0.02 > 0.01 --------------(Ok!)

Pu = (𝛼)(∅) [0.85f ′ c (Ag − Ast ) + fy Ast ]

Pu = (0.80)(0.65) [0.85(21)(5502 − 5890.49) + 415(4908.74)]
Pucap = 𝟒𝟎𝟐𝟒. 𝟑𝟎𝐤𝐍 > Pactual = 1668.94𝑘𝑁 − − − − − − − (𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒!)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 425

4. 2nd to 1st Floor Column 3 & 4

➢ Computed Loads from Preliminary Sizing:

@Second Floor Load:

Pu2nd = 1668.94 KN
@ First Floor Load:
Assume column size = 0.550m x 0.550m
DL = (5.609)(21.38) + 22.81 + 20.32 + 14.84 + 44.784 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐. 𝟔𝟕𝐊𝐍
LL = (1.9 + 3.8)x 21.38m2 = 𝟏𝟐𝟏. 𝟖𝟕 𝐊𝐍
Pu1st = 1.2DL + 1.6LL + PuRD = 1.2(222.67) + 1.6(121.87) + 1668.94
Pu1st = 2131.14 KN

Ast
Pu = (𝛼)(∅) Po ; 𝜌 = ; Assume 𝜌 = 0.02
Ag

;Ast = 0.02Ag

➢ Area Gross, Ag:

Pu = (𝛼)(∅) [0.85f ′ c (Ag − Ast ) + fy Ast ]

2131.14 x 103 = (0.80)(0.65) [0.85(21)(Ag − 0.02Ag ) + 415(0.02Ag )]

Ag = 𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟖𝟗𝟑. 𝟕𝟒𝒎𝒎𝟐

b2 = Ag
b = √158893.74 = 398.61𝑚𝑚 ;say 550mm
Acol = 550 x 550mm = 302,500mm2

➢ Area of Steel, Ast:

Ast = 𝜌(Acol ) = 0.02(302500) = 𝟔, 𝟎𝟓𝟎𝒎𝒎𝟐
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 426

➢ Using ∅25𝑚𝑚:
𝜋
A∅25 = (25)2 = 490.87𝑚𝑚2
4

➢ No. of bars:
Ast 6050
n= = = 12.19𝑝𝑐𝑠. ; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝟏𝟐𝒑𝒄𝒔 − ∅𝟐𝟓
A∅25 490.87

➢ Check ρ:
𝜋
Ast 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = (25)2 (12) = 𝟓𝟖𝟗𝟎. 𝟒𝟗𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
Ast 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 5890.49
𝜌= = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐
Ac 5502
Since ρ = 0.02 > 0.01 --------------(Ok!)
Pu = (𝛼)(∅) [0.85f ′ c (Ag − Ast ) + fy Ast ]

Pu = (0.80)(0.65) [0.85(21)(5502 − 5890.49) + 415(5890.49)]

Pucap = 𝟒𝟎𝟐𝟒. 𝟑𝟎𝐤𝐍 > Pactual = 2131.14𝑘𝑁 − − − − − − − (𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒!)

➢ Spacing of Vertical Bars (∅25):

Spacing @ sides = Spacing @ top:
= 550 – 2(40) – 2(10) – 2(25) = 350
400
= = 133.33𝑚𝑚 < 150𝑚𝑚 ; (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔)
3

➢ Spacing of Lateral Ties: (NSCP SECTION 418.7.5.3)

1 1
S1 = 𝑥 (min. column dimension) = (300) = 𝟕𝟓𝒎𝒎(𝒂𝒅𝒐𝒑𝒕)
4 4
S2 = 6 𝑥 (dia. of the smallest main rebar) = 6(25) = 150𝑚𝑚
100 + (350 − ℎ𝑥 ) 100 + (350 − 180)
S0 = = = 90𝑚𝑚; 100 < S0 < 150
3 3
hx = h-2(cc)-2(dt) = 300-2(50)-2(10) = 180
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 427

Length Lo:
greatest of:
max cross − section dimension of column = 300mm
1
Lo = { ⁄6 (clear span of column) = 1⁄6 (3050) = 508.33 ≈ 𝟓𝟏𝟎𝐦𝐦
450mm

L0 = 𝟓𝟏𝟎𝒎𝒎
L0 510
= = 6.68 ≈ 𝟕@ 𝟕𝟓𝒎𝒎
75 75

∴Spacing for Column 3 & 4 Lateral ties, use

1@ 50, 7@ 75, REST @ 150mm O.C.
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 428

Maximum moment that can act without affecting the design

E/h = 0.1
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 429

Column 3 & 4 Cross section @3rd floor to Footing

∴For Column 3 & 4 @ 3rd floor to Footing, Use 550 x 550mm with
𝟏𝟐𝒑𝒄𝒔 − ∅𝟐𝟓 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 430

B. Column 5

Section for Tributary Area of Column @ C5

1. Roof Deck to 4th Floor Column 5

➢ Computed Loads from Preliminary Sizing:

@Roof Deck Load:

Beam Size B4 = 0.300m x 0.500m
Beam Length B4= (1.75+1.75) = 3.5 m
Area of Slab to consider = (1.75+1.75) x (2.25 + 2.25) = 15.75m2
Wt. of beam B4 = (0.300m x 0.500m) (3.5) x 23.56= 12.37KN
DL = (5.679)(15.75) + 12.37 = 𝟏𝟎𝟏. 𝟖𝟏 𝐊𝐍
LL = (1.9 + 1)x 15.75 = 𝟒𝟓. 𝟔𝟖 𝐊𝐍
PuRD = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(101.81) + 1.6(45.68) = 𝟏𝟗𝟓. 𝟐𝟔 𝐊𝐍
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 431

@Fourth Floor Load:

Assume column size = 0.450m x 0.450m
Height of column = 3.2m
𝐾𝑁
Weight of Column = (0.450 x 0.450 x 3.2) x 23.56 𝑚3 = 15.27 KN

Beam Size B4 = 0.300m x 0.500m

Beam Length B4 = 3.50m
Area of Slab to consider = (1.75+1.75) x (2.25 + 2.25) = 15.75m2
Wt. of beam B4 = (0.300m x 0.500m) (3.5) x 23.56= 12.37KN
Length of Interior wall = 3.5m
Weight of Interior wall = 9.952 kN/m (3.5m) = 34.83kN
DL = (5.609)(15.75) + 12.37 + 15.27 + 34.83 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎. 𝟖𝟏𝐊𝐍
LL = (1.9 + 3.8)x 15.75m2 = 𝟖𝟗. 𝟕𝟖 𝐊𝐍
Pu4th = 1.2DL + 1.6LL + PuRD = 1.2(150.81) + 1.6(89.78 ) + 195.26
Pu4th = 519.88 KN

Ast
Pu = (𝛼)(∅) Po ; 𝜌 = ; Assume 𝜌 = 0.02
Ag

;Ast = 0.02Ag
➢ Area Gross, Ag:

Pu = (𝛼)(∅) [0.85f ′ c (Ag − Ast ) + fy Ast ]

519.88 x 103 = (0.80)(0.65) [0.85(21)(Ag − 0.02Ag ) + 415(0.02Ag )]

Ag = 𝟑𝟖𝟕𝟔𝟏. 𝟐𝟔𝒎𝒎𝟐

b2 = Ag
b = √38761.26 = 196.88𝑚𝑚 ;say 450mm
Acol = 450 x 450mm = 202,500mm2
➢ Area of Steel, Ast:
Ast = 𝜌(Acol ) = 0.02(202500) = 𝟒, 𝟎𝟓𝟎𝒎𝒎𝟐
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 432

➢ Using ∅25𝑚𝑚:
𝜋
A∅25 = (25)2 = 490.87𝑚𝑚2
4

➢ No. of bars:
Ast 4050
n= = = 8.25𝑝𝑐𝑠. ; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝟖𝒑𝒄𝒔 − ∅𝟐𝟓
A∅25 490.87

➢ Check ρ:
𝜋
Ast 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = (25)2 (8) = 𝟑𝟗𝟐𝟕𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
Ast 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 3927
𝜌= = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐
Ac 4502
Since ρ = 0.02 > 0.01 --------------(Ok!)

Pu = (𝛼)(∅) [0.85f ′ c (Ag − Ast ) + fy Ast ]

Pu = (0.80)(0.65) [0.85(21)(4502 − 3927) + 415(3927)]
Pucap = 𝟐𝟔𝟗𝟎. 𝟔𝟎𝐤𝐍 > Pactual = 2131.14𝑘𝑁 − − − − − − − (𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒!)

➢ Spacing of Vertical Bars (∅25):

Spacing @ sides = Spacing @ top:
= 450 – 2(40) – 2(10) – 2(25) = 350
300
= = 150𝑚𝑚 = 150𝑚𝑚 ; (𝑑𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔)
2
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 433

Column 5 Cross section @4th floor

∴For Column 5 @ Roof Deck to 4th floor, Use 450 x 450mm with
𝟖𝒑𝒄𝒔 − ∅𝟐𝟓 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔

2. 4th to 3rd Floor Column 5

➢ Computed Loads from Preliminary Sizing:

@Fourth floor Load:

Pu4th = 519.88 KN

@Third floor Load:

Assume column size = 0.500m x 500m
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 434

DL = (5.609)(15.75) + 18.85 + 12.37 + 34.83 = 𝟏𝟓𝟒. 𝟑𝟗𝐊𝐍

LL = (1.9 + 3.8)x 15.75m2 = 𝟖𝟗. 𝟕𝟖 𝐊𝐍
Pu3rd = 1.2DL + 1.6LL + PuRD = 1.2(154.39) + 1.6(89.78 ) + 519.88
Pu3rd = 848.80 KN

Ast
Pu = (𝛼)(∅) Po ; 𝜌 = ; Assume 𝜌 = 0.02
Ag

;Ast = 0.02Ag

➢ Area Gross, Ag:

Pu = (𝛼)(∅) [0.85f ′ c (Ag − Ast ) + fy Ast ]

848.80 x 103 = (0.80)(0.65) [0.85(21)(Ag − 0.02Ag ) + 415(0.02Ag )]

Ag = 𝟔𝟑𝟐𝟖𝟒. 𝟗𝟏𝒎𝒎𝟐

b2 = Ag
b = √63284.91 = 251.56𝑚𝑚 ;say 500mm
Acol = 500 x 500mm = 250,000mm2

➢ Area of Steel, Ast:

Ast = 𝜌(Acol ) = 0.02(250000) = 𝟓, 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎𝟐

➢ Using ∅25𝑚𝑚:
𝜋
A∅25 = (25)2 = 490.87𝑚𝑚2
4

➢ No. of bars:
Ast 5000
n= = = 10.19𝑝𝑐𝑠. ; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝟏𝟎𝒑𝒄𝒔 − ∅𝟐𝟓
A∅25 490.87
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 435

➢ Check ρ:
𝜋
Ast 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = (25)2 (10) = 𝟒𝟗𝟎𝟖. 𝟕𝟒𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
Ast 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 4908.74
𝜌= = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐
Ac 5002
Since ρ = 0.02 > 0.01 --------------(Ok!)

Pu = (𝛼)(∅) [0.85f ′ c (Ag − Ast ) + fy Ast ]

Pu = (0.80)(0.65) [0.85(21)(5002 − 4908.74) + 415(4908.74)]
Pucap = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟒. 𝟐𝟒𝐤𝐍 > Pactual = 744.54𝑘𝑁 − − − − − − − (𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒!)

➢ Spacing of Vertical Bars (∅25):

Spacing @ sides = 500 – 2(40) – 2(10) – 2(25) = 350
350
= = 116.67𝑚𝑚 < 150𝑚𝑚 ; (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔)
3
Spacing @ top = 500 – 2(40) – 2(10) – 2(25) = 350

350
= = 175𝑚𝑚 > 150𝑚𝑚 ; ( 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑔 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝)
2

3. 3rd to 2nd Floor Column 5

➢ Computed Loads from Preliminary Sizing:

@Third floor Load:

Pu3rd = 848.80 KN
@Second floor Load:

Assume column size = 0.500m x 500m

DL = (5.609)(15.75) + 18.85 + 12.37 + 34.83 = 𝟏𝟓𝟒. 𝟑𝟗𝐊𝐍

LL = (1.9 + 3.8)x 15.75m2 = 𝟖𝟗. 𝟕𝟖 𝐊𝐍

Pu2nd = 1.2DL + 1.6LL + PuRD = 1.2(154.39) + 1.6(89.78 ) + 848.80

Pu2nd = 1177.72 KN
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 436
Ast
Pu = (𝛼)(∅) Po ; 𝜌 = ; Assume 𝜌 = 0.02
Ag

;Ast = 0.02Ag

➢ Area Gross, Ag:

Pu = (𝛼)(∅) [0.85f ′ c (Ag − Ast ) + fy Ast ]

1177.72 x 103 = (0.80)(0.65) [0.85(21)(Ag − 0.02Ag ) + 415(0.02Ag )]

Ag = 𝟖𝟕𝟖𝟎𝟖. 𝟓𝟔𝒎𝒎𝟐

b2 = Ag
b = √87808.56 = 296.33𝑚𝑚 ;say 500mm
Acol = 500 x 500mm = 250,000mm2

➢ Area of Steel, Ast:

Ast = 𝜌(Acol ) = 0.02(250000) = 𝟓, 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎𝟐

➢ Using ∅25𝑚𝑚:
𝜋
A∅25 = (25)2 = 490.87𝑚𝑚2
4
➢ No. of bars:
Ast 5000
n= = = 10.19𝑝𝑐𝑠. ; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝟏𝟎𝒑𝒄𝒔 − ∅𝟐𝟓
A∅25 490.87
Check: Pucap = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟒. 𝟐𝟒𝐤𝐍 > Pactual = 1177.72𝑘𝑁 − − − − − − − (𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒!)

➢ Spacing of Vertical Bars (∅25):

Spacing @ sides = 500 – 2(40) – 2(10) – 2(25) = 350
350
= = 116.67𝑚𝑚 < 150𝑚𝑚 ; (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔)
3
Spacing @ top = 500 – 2(40) – 2(10) – 2(25) = 350
350
= = 175𝑚𝑚 > 150𝑚𝑚 ; ( 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑔 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝)
2
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 437

4. 2nd to 1st Floor Column 5

➢ Computed Loads from Preliminary Sizing:

@Second Floor Load:

Pu2nd = 1177.72 KN
@First Floor Load:

Assume column size = 0.500m x 500m

DL = (5.609)(15.75) + 18.85 + 12.37 + 34.83 = 𝟏𝟓𝟒. 𝟑𝟗𝐊𝐍

LL = (1.9 + 3.8)x 15.75m2 = 𝟖𝟗. 𝟕𝟖 𝐊𝐍
Pu1st = 1.2DL + 1.6LL + PuRD = 1.2(154.39) + 1.6(89.78 ) + 1177.72
Pu1st = 1506.64 KN

Ast
Pu = (𝛼)(∅) Po ; 𝜌 = ; Assume 𝜌 = 0.02
Ag

;Ast = 0.02Ag

➢ Area Gross, Ag:

Pu = (𝛼)(∅) [0.85f ′ c (Ag − Ast ) + fy Ast ]

1506.64 x 103 = (0.80)(0.65) [0.85(21)(Ag − 0.02Ag ) + 415(0.02Ag )]

Ag = 𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟑𝟑𝟐. 𝟐𝟏𝒎𝒎𝟐

b2 = Ag
b = √112332.21 = 335.16𝑚𝑚 ;say 500mm
Acol = 500 x 500mm = 250,000mm2

➢ Area of Steel, Ast:

Ast = 𝜌(Acol ) = 0.02(250000) = 𝟓, 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎𝟐
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 438

➢ Using ∅25𝑚𝑚:
𝜋
A∅25 = (25)2 = 490.87𝑚𝑚2
4

➢ No. of bars:
Ast 5000
n= = = 10.19𝑝𝑐𝑠. ; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝟏𝟎𝒑𝒄𝒔 − ∅𝟐𝟓
A∅25 490.87
Check: Pucap = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟒. 𝟐𝟒𝐤𝐍 > Pactual = 1177.72𝑘𝑁 − − − − − − − (𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒!)
➢ Spacing of Vertical Bars (∅25):
Spacing @ sides = 500 – 2(40) – 2(10) – 2(25) = 350
350
= = 116.67𝑚𝑚 < 150𝑚𝑚 ; (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔)
3

Spacing @ top = 500 – 2(40) – 2(10) – 2(25) = 350

350
= = 175𝑚𝑚 > 150𝑚𝑚 ; ( 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑔 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑒)
2
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 439

Column 5 cross section @3rd Floor to Footing

∴For Column 5 @ 3rd floor to Footing, Use 500 x 500mm with

𝟏𝟎𝒑𝒄𝒔 − ∅𝟐𝟓 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔

∴Spacing for Column 5 Lateral ties, use

1@ 50, 7@ 75, REST @ 150mm O.C.
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 440

Summary:
INTERNAL COLUMNS
SPACING OF
DIMENSIONS NO. OF MAIN
MARK LATERAL TIES
BARS

500 x 500mm 10-∅25

@ 4th FLOOR
1@ 50, 7@ 75,
1. COLUMN 3 REST @150
&4 O.C
550 x 550mm 12-∅25
@REMAINING
FLOORS

450 x 450mm
@4TH FLOOR 8-∅25
1@ 50, 7@ 75,
2. COLUMN 5 REST @150
O.C
500 x 500mm 10-∅25
@REMAINING
FLOORS
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 441

REFERENCE DETAILED ELEVATION OF INTERNAL COLUMNS

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 442
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│443

APPENDIX H

DESIGN OF FOOTING
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│444
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│445
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│446
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│447
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│448
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│449

SECTION 305 (FOOTINGS)

SECTION 305 – 1 (Minimum Requirements for Foundation)
Number of Thickness of Width of Thickness of Depth below
floors foundation footing (mm) footing (mm) undisturbed
supported by wall(mm) ground
the concrete Unit surface(mm)4
foundations Masonry
1 150 150 300 150 300
2 200 200 375 175 450
3 250 250 450 200 600

SECTION 420
Table 420.6.1.3.1
Specified Concrete Cover for Cast in Place Non-Prestressed Concrete
Members
Concrete exposure Member Reinforcement Specified
cover,mm.
Cast against and ALL ALL 75
permanently in
contact with ground
Exposed to weather ALL 20mmØ through 50
or in contact with 58mmØ bars
ground 16mmØ bar, MW200 40
wire, and smaller
Not exposed to Slabs, joists, and 40mmØ and 58mmØ 40
weather or in walls bars
contact with ground 36mmØ bar and 20
smaller
Beams, columns, Primary 40
pedestals, and reinforcement,
tension ties stirrups, ties, spirals,
and hoops

Section 421 (Strength Reduction Factor)

Table 421.2.1
Strength Reduction Factor
Action or structural element Ø Exceptions
(a) Moment, axial force, or combined 0.65 to 0.90 Near ends of pre tensioned
moment and axial force in members where strands are
accordance not fully developed, Ø shall
with section be in accordance with
421.2.2 section 421.2.3
(b) Shear 0.75 Additional requirements are
given in section 421.2.4 for
structures designed to resist
earthquake effects.
(c) Torsion 0.75 -
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│450

(d) Bearing 0.65 -

(e) Post-tensioned anchorage zones 0.85 -
(f) Brackets and corbels 0.75 -
(g) Struts, ties, nodal zones, and bearing 0.75 -
areas designed in accordance with
strut-and-tie method in section 423
(h) Components of connections of precast 0.90 -
members controlled by yielding of steel
elements in tension
(i) Plain concrete elements 0.60 -
(j) Anchors in concrete elements 0.45 to 0.75 -
in
accordance
with section
417

Section 425 (Reinforcement Details)

Table 425.4.2.4
Modification Factor for Development of Deformed Bars and Deformed
Wires in Tension
Modification Condition Value of
factor factor
Lightweight Lightweight concrete 0.75
λ Lightweight concrete where fct is specified In accordance
with Section
419.2.4.3
Normal-weight concrete 1.0
Epoxy Epoxy-coated or zinc and epoxy dual-coated 1.5
Ψe reinforcement with clear cover less than 3db
or clear spacing less than 6db
Epoxy-coated or zinc and epoxy dual-coated 1.2
reinforcement for all other conditions
Uncoated or zinc-coated(galvanized) 1.0
reinforcement
Size 25mmØ and larger bars 1.0
Ψs
20mmØ and smaller bars and deformed wires 0.8

Casting position More than 300mm. of fresh concrete placed 1.3

Ψt below horizontal reinforcement
Other 1.0
425.4.2.5 For deformed bars or deformed wires, 𝓵𝒅 shall be calculated by:
𝟏𝒇𝒚𝜳𝒕 𝜳𝒆 𝜳𝒔
𝓵𝒅 = ( 𝒄 +𝑲 ) 𝒅𝒃 (425.4.2.3a) in which the confinement term (cb+Ktr)/db
𝟏.𝟏ℷ√𝒇′𝒄( 𝒃 𝒕𝒓)
𝒅𝒃
𝟒𝟎𝑨𝒕𝒓
shall not exceed, and Ktr = (425.4.2.3b) where n is the number of bars or
𝒔𝒏
wires being developed or lap spliced along the plane of splitting. It shall be
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│451

permitted to use Ktr = 0 as a design simplification even if transverse

reinforcement is present.

I. Footing Ⅰ

Column dimensions = 0.500m x 0.500m

Allowable bearing capacity = 144kN/m3
Unit weight of Soil = 15.6kN/m3
Unit Weight of Concrete = 23.56kN/m3
f’c = 21MPa
fy = 415MPa
DL = 715.79kN
LL = 404.80kN

Assume total depth of footing: (tF)

tF = 475mm
Using 75mm concrete cover
Effective depth, d = 475 - 75 = 400mm
Effective soil pressure:
qeff = qa - ϒconcrete (dB)- ϒsoil(fF)
qeff = 144 - 23.56(0.475) – 15.6(2.5 - 0.475)
qeff = 101.22kPa
DL + LL
Required Area =
𝑞eff
715.79 + 404.80
L (2.4) = = 11.07m2
101.22
L = 4.61m say 4.70m
Ultimate Upward Pressure, (qu)
Pu
qu =
𝐴
1.2(715.79) + 1.6(404.80)
qu = = 133.57kPa
4.7(2.4)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│452

Check “d” from beam shear

1
V𝑐 = √𝑓′𝑐 – (Critical Shear)
6
𝑉𝑢
V= ; V = Vc
∅𝑏𝑑

∅√𝑓′𝑐𝑏𝑑
Vu =
6
; Vu = 133.57 (1.7) (2.4) = 544.97kN

0.75√21(2.4)(𝑑)
544.97 =
6
d = 396mm < 400mm ---(safe)

Check “d” from Punching Shear

1
V𝑐 = 3 √𝑓′𝑐 – (Critical Shear)

𝑉𝑢
V=
∅𝑏𝑜 𝑑
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│453

′
∅√𝑓 𝑐𝑏𝑜 𝑑
Vu = 3

; Vu = qu [(𝐿W) - (c + d)2]
= 133.57 [(4.7 x 2.4) - (0.500 + 0.400)2]
= 1398.48kN

; bo = 4(c + d)
= 4(0.500 + 0.400)
= 3.6

0.75 √21 (3.6)(d)

1398.48 = 3
d = 339.08mm < 400mm --- (safe)

Use 2.4m x 4.7m x 0.475m footing

Required Steel Area

@ LONG DIRECTION

Mu = 133.57 (2.4) (2.1) (2.1/2) = 706.85kN-m

Mu = Ø f’cbd2ω (1 - 0.59ω) ; Ø=0.90

706.85 = 0.90(21x103) (2.4) (0.375)2ω (1 - 0.59ω)

706.85 = 6378.75ω (1 - 0.59ω)

ω=0.11920
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│454

𝜔𝑓′𝑐 0.11920(21) 1.4

ρ= = = 0.00603 > ρ min = = 0.00337
𝑓𝑦 415 415

use ρ = 0.00603

As = ρbd = 0.00603(2400) (375)

As = 5427mm2

Using 20mm Ø Bars

𝜋
A20 = (20)2 = 314.20 mm2
4

Number of bars to be used

5427
N = 314.20 = 17.27 say 18 bars both ways

Use 18pcs – 20mm Ø bars

Check for development length, , ℓ𝑑

Furnished , ℓ𝑑 = 2100 – 75 = 2025mm

Required development length, , ℓ𝑑

1𝑓𝑦𝛹𝑡 𝛹𝑒 𝛹𝑠 𝑐+𝐾 75+0

ℓ𝑑 =( 𝑐 +𝐾 ) 𝑑𝑏 ; ( 𝑑 𝑡𝑟) = ( 20 ) = 3.75 > 2.5
1.1ℷ√𝑓′𝑐( 𝑏 𝑡𝑟 ) 𝑏
𝑑𝑏

𝑐+𝐾𝑡𝑟
; use ( 𝑑𝑏
) = 2.5
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│455

ℓ𝑑 9 (415)(1.3)(1)(0.8)
=( ) = 33.91
𝑑𝑏 10 (√21)(2.5)

ℓ𝑑 = 33.91(20) = 678.20mm < 2775mm --- (ok)

@ SHORT DIRECTION

Mu = 133.57 (4.7) (0.95) (0.95/2) = 283.29kN-m

Mu = Ø f’cbd2ω (1 - 0.59ω) ; Ø=0.90

283.29 = 0.90(21x103) (4.7) (0.355)2ω (1 - 0.59ω)

283.29 = 11194.80ω (1 - 0.59ω)

ω=0.02570
𝜔𝑓′𝑐 0.02570(21) 1.4
ρ= = = 0.00130 > ρ min = = 0.00337
𝑓𝑦 415 415

use ρmin = 0.00337

As = ρbd = 0.00337(4700) (375)

As = 5939.63mm2

A𝑆1 2 𝐿
= ;𝛽 =
𝐴𝑆 𝛽+1 𝑊

4.70
=
2.40
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│456

A𝑆1 2
=
𝐴𝑆 1.96+1

AS1 = 4013.26mm2

Using 20mm Ø Bars

𝜋
A20 = (20)2 = 314.20
4
mm2

Number of bars to be used

4013.26
N = 314.20 = 12.77 say 13 bars

Use 13pcs – 20mm Ø bars

(𝐴𝑆 − 𝐴𝑆1 )
AS1 = 2
(5939.63 −4013.26)
=
2
AS1 = 963.19mm2

Using 20mm Ø Bars:

𝜋
A20 = (20)2 = 314.20 mm2
4

Number of bars to be used

963.19
N = 314.20 = 3.07 say 4 bars

Use 4pcs – 20mm Ø bars

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│457

FOOTING 1 DESIGN DETAILS

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│458

II. Footing Ⅱ
Column dimensions = 0.400m x 0.400m
Allowable bearing capacity = 144kN/𝑚2
Unit weight of Soil = 15.6kN/m3
Unit Weight of Concrete = 23.56kN/m3
f’c=21MPa
fy= 415MPa
DL= 870.07kN
LL= 228.4Kn
Assume total depth ot footing: (tF)
fF = 450mm
Using 75mm concrete cover
Effective depth, d = 450 – 75 = 375mm
Effective soil pressure:
qeff = qa - ϒconcrete (dB)- ϒsoil (fF)
qeff = 144 - 23.56 (0.450) - 15.6 (2.5 - 0.450)
qeff = 101.42kPa
DL+LL
Required Area=
𝑞eff
870.07 + 228.4
L2 = = 10.83m2
101.42
L = 3.29m say 3.30m
Ultimate Upward Pressure, (qu)
P
qu = 𝐴u
1.2(870.07) + 1.6(228.4)
qu = = 129.43kPa
3.30(3.30)
Check “d” from Punching Shear
1
V𝑐 = √𝑓′𝑐 – (Critical Shear)
3
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│459

Actual Punching Shear:

𝑉𝑢
V = ; V = Vc
∅𝑏𝑜 𝑑

1 𝑉𝑢
3
√𝑓′𝑐 = ∅𝑏
𝑜𝑑

∅√𝑓′ 𝑐𝑏𝑜 𝑑
Vu= ; ∅ = 0.75
3

; bo = 4(c + d)

= 4(0.400 + 0.375) = 3.1m

; Vu = qu [(𝐿)2 - (c + d)2]

= 129.43 [(3.30)2 - (0.400 + 0.375)2]

= 1331.75kN

0.75√21(3.1)(d)
1331.75 = 3
d = 374.98mm < 375mm --- (safe)

Check “d” from beam shear

1
V𝑐 = 6 √𝑓′𝑐

𝑉𝑢
𝑉= ; V = Vc
∅𝑏𝑑

∅√𝑓′𝑐𝑏𝑑
Vu = ;
6
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│460

3.30 − 0.400
y=( ) − 0.375 = 1.075m
2
; 𝑉𝑢 = 𝑞𝑢 (𝑦)(𝐿)

= 129.43 (1.075) (3.30) = 459.15𝑘𝑁

0.75√21(3.30)(𝑑)
459.15 =
6
d = 242.90mm < 375mm --- (safe)

Use 3.30m x 3.30m x 0.450m square footing

Required Steel Area

1
Mu = qu (L) (X) (2 x) ; X = (L - c)/2

Mu = 129.43(3.30) (1.45) (1.45/2) = 449.01kN-m

Mu = Ø f’cbd2ω(1-0.59ω) ; Ø = 0.90

449.01 = 0.90(21x103) (3.30) (0.375)2ω (1 - 0.59ω)

449.01 = 8770.78ω (1 - 0.59ω)

ω = 0.05284

𝜔𝑓′𝑐 0.05284(21) 1.4

ρ = 𝑓𝑦 = = 0.00267 < ρ min = = 0.00337
415 415
use ρmin = 0.00337

As = ρbd = 0.00337(3300) (375)

As = 4170.38mm2

Using 20mm Ø Bars

𝜋
A20 = (20)2 = 314.20mm2
4

Number of bars to be used

4170.38
N = 314.20 = 13.27 say 14 bars both ways

Use 14pcs – 20mm Ø bars both ways

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│461

Check for development length, , ℓ𝑑

Furnished , ℓ𝑑 = 1450-75 = 1375mm

Required development length, , ℓ𝑑

1fyΨt Ψe Ψs 𝑐+𝐾 75+0

ℓ𝑑 = ( c +K ) db ; ( 𝑑 𝑡𝑟) = ( 20 ) = 3.75 > 2.5
1.1ℷ√f′c( b tr ) 𝑏
db

𝑐 + 𝐾𝑡𝑟
; use ( 𝑑𝑏
) = 2.5
ℓ𝑑 1(415)(1.3)(1)(0.8)
=( ) = 34.25
𝑑𝑏 1.1(√21)(2.5)

ℓ𝑑 𝐴𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 34.25(4170.38)
= = = 32.47
𝑑𝑏 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖ℎ𝑒𝑑 14(314.20)

ℓ𝑑 = 32.47 (20) = 649.40mm < 1275mm ---(ok)

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│462

FOOTING II DESIGN DETAILS

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│463

III. Footing Ⅲ
Column dimensions = 0.300m x 0.300m
Allowable bearing capacity = 144kN/m3
Unit weight of Soil = 15.6kN/m3
Unit Weight of Concrete = 23.56kN/m3
f’c = 21MPa
fy = 415MPa
DL = 639kN
LL = 202.53kN
Assume total depth ot footing: (tF)
fF = 450mm
Using 75mm concrete cover
Effective depth, d = 450 – 75 = 375mm
Effective soil pressure:
qeff = qa - ϒconcrete (dB)- ϒsoil(fF)
qeff = 144 - 23.56(0.450) - 15.6(2.5-0.450)
qeff = 101.42kPa
DL + LL
Required Area =
𝑞eff
639 + 202.53
L2 = = 8.30m2
101.42
L = 2.88m say 2.90m
Ultimate Upward Pressure, (qu)
P
qu = 𝐴u
1.2(639) + 1.6(202.53)
qu = = 129.71kPa
2.9(2.9)
Check “d” from Punching Shear
1
V𝑐 = 3 √𝑓′𝑐 – (Critical Shear)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│464

Actual Punching Shear

𝑉𝑢
V= ; V = Vc
∅𝑏𝑜 𝑑

1 𝑉𝑢
3
√𝑓′𝑐 = ∅𝑏
𝑜𝑑

∅√𝑓′ 𝑐𝑏𝑜 𝑑
Vu = ; ∅ = 0.75
3

; bo = 4(c + d)

= 4(0.300 + 0.375) = 2.7m

; Vu = qu [(𝐿)2 - (c + d)2]

=129.71 [(2.9)2 - (0.300 + 0.375)2]

= 1031.76kN

0.75√21(2.7)(d)
1031.76 =
3
d = 333.55mm < 375mm --- (safe)

Check “d” from beam shear:

1
V𝑐 = √𝑓′𝑐
6
𝑉𝑢
V= ; V = Vc
∅𝑏𝑑

∅√𝑓′𝑐𝑏𝑑
Vu = ;
6

2.9 − 0.300
y=( ) − 0.375 = 0.925m
2
;𝑉𝑢 = 𝑞𝑢 (𝑦)(𝐿)

= 129.71(0.925)(2.9) = 347.95𝑘𝑁

0.75√21(2.9)(𝑑)
347.95 = 6
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│465

d = 209.46mm < 375mm --- (safe)

Use 2.9m x 2.9m x 0.450m square footing

Required Steel Area

1
M u = qu (L) (X) (2 x) ; X = (L - c)/2

Mu = 129.71(2.9) (1.3) (1.3/2) = 317.85kN-m

Mu = Ø f’cbd2ω (1 - 0.59ω) ; Ø = 0.90

317.85 =0.90(21x103) (2.9) (0.375)2ω (1-0.59ω)

317.85 = 7707.66ω (1-0.59ω)

ω = 0.04229

𝜔𝑓′𝑐 0.04229 (21) 1.4

ρ = 𝑓𝑦 = = 0.00214 < ρmin= =0.00337
415 415
use ρmin = 0.00337

As = ρbd = 0.00337(2900) (375)

As = 3664.88mm2

Using 20mm Ø Bars

𝜋
A20 = (20)2 = 314.20mm2
4

Number of bars to be used

3664.88
N = 314.20 = 11.66 say 12 bars both ways

Use 12pcs – 20mm Ø bars both ways

Check for development length, , ℓ𝑑

Furnished , ℓ𝑑 = 2600-75 = 2525mm

Required development length, , ℓ𝑑

1fyΨt Ψe Ψs 𝑐+𝐾 75 + 0
ℓ𝑑 = ( c + Ktr ) db ; ( 𝑑 𝑡𝑟 ) = ( 20 ) = 3.75 > 2.5
1.1ℷ√f′c( b ) 𝑏
db
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│466

𝑐 + 𝐾𝑡𝑟
; use ( 𝑑𝑏
) = 2.5
ℓ𝑑 1(415)(1.3)(1)(0.8)
=( ) = 34.25
𝑑𝑏 1.1(√21)(2.5)

ℓ𝑑 𝐴𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 34.25(3664.88)
= = = 33.29
𝑑𝑏 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖ℎ𝑒𝑑 12(314.20)

ℓ𝑑 = 32.29(20) = 645.80mm < 2525mm --- (ok)

FOOTING III DESIGN DETAILS

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│467

IV. Combined Footing Ⅰ CF-1

Column dimensions,

C-1 = 0.300m x 0.300m C-4&C-3 = 0.500m x 0.500m

DL = 397.14kN DL = 1043.30kN
LL = 177.06kN LL = 774.58kN
Allowable bearing capacity = 144kN/m3
Unit weight of Soil = 15.6kN/m3
Unit Weight of Concrete = 23.6kN/m3
f’c = 21Mpa
fy = 415Mpa
Assume total depth of footing (tF):

(tF) = 600mm
Using 75 mm concrete cover,
Effective depth, d = 615 – 75 = 525mm
Effective soil pressure,
qeff = qa - ϒconcrete (dB) - ϒsoil (fF)
qeff = 144 - 23.56(0.600) - 15.6(1.5-0.600)
qeff = 100.22kPa

DL + LL
Required Area =
𝑞𝑒𝑓𝑓

397.14 + 177.06 + 1043.30 + 774.58

BL = = 23.80m2
100.22

BL = 23.80m2

∑Mext col =0
2392.08 (x) = 1817.88 (2.5)
x = 1.90m
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│468

L/2 = x + 0.900
L = 2(1.90 + 0.900) = 5.60m
BL = 23.80m2
23.80
B = 5.60 = 4.25m

Use 5.60m x 4.25m Footing

Ultimate Column Loads
Exterior Column:
Pu = 1.2(397.14) + 1.6(177.06) = 759. 864kN
Interior Column:
Pu = 1.2(1043.30) + 1.6(774.58) = 2443.28kN
Net Ultimate Upward Pressure
759.864 + 2443.28
qult = = 134.59kPa
(4.25)(5.60)
759.864 + 2443.28
Uniform Upward Pressure = = 571.99kN/m
(5.60)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│469

SHEAR DIAGRAM MOMENT DIAGRAM

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│470

Check for Beam shear

Critical section of Vu is at a distance ‘d’ from C.

Vu(actual) = 571.99 (1.297) = 741.87kN

′
∅√𝑓 𝑐 𝑏𝑑
Vu(shear capacity) = ; Ø = 0.75 ,b = 4.25m, d = 0.525m
6
0.75√21 (4.25)(0.525)
Vu(shear capacity) = = 1.27811MN ≈ 1278.11kN
6
Vu(actual) = 741.87kN < Vu(shear capacity) = 1278.11kN --- (safe)

Check for Punching Shear

@ Exterior Column
Vu(actual) = 759.86 – 134.59(0.300 + 0.525) (0.300 + 0.525) = 668.04kN
′
∅√𝑓 𝑐 𝑏𝑜 𝑑
Vu(shear capacity) = ; Ø = 0.75 ,b = 4.25m, d = 0.525m
3
; bo = 4(c + d)
0.75√21 [4(0.300+0.525)] (0.525)
Vu(shear capacity) = = 1.98483MN ≈ 1984.83kN
3

Vu(actual)= 668.04kN < Vu(shear capacity) = 1984.83kN --- (safe)

@ Interior Column
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│471

Vu(actual) = 2443.28 – 134.59(0.500 + 0.525) (0.500 + 0.525) = 2301.88kN

0.75√21 [4(0.500 + 0.525)] (0.525)
Vu(shear capacity ) = = 2.465MN = 2465kN
3
Vu(actual) = 2301.88kN < Vu(shear capacity) = 2465kN --- (safe)

➢ COMPUTE STEEL REQUIREMENT

@ Longitudinal section

Mu = Ø f’cbd2ω (1 - 0.59ω) ; Ø = 0.90

1253.98 = 0.90(21x103) (4.25) (0.525)2ω (1 - 0.59ω)

1253.98 = 22139.58ω (1-0.59ω)

ω = 0.05867
𝜔𝑓′𝑐 0.05867 (21) 1.4
ρ = 𝑓𝑦 = = 0.002969 < ρmin = 415 =0.00337
415

use ρmin = 0.00337

As = ρbd = 0.00337(4250) (525)

As = 7519.31mm2

Using 25mm Ø Bars

𝜋
A25 = (25)2 = 490.87mm2
4

Number of bars to be used

7519.31
N = 490.87 = 15.32 say 16 – 25mm Ø bars

Use 16pcs – 25mm Ø bars

Check for development length, , ℓ𝑑

Furnished , ℓ𝑑 = 1822mm

Required development length, , ℓ𝑑

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│472

1𝑓𝑦𝛹𝑡 𝛹𝑒 𝛹𝑠 𝑐+𝐾𝑡𝑟 75+0

ℓ𝑑 = ( ) 𝑑𝑏 ; ( )= ( ) = 3.75 > 2.5
𝑐 +𝐾
1.1ℷ√𝑓′𝑐( 𝑏 𝑑 𝑡𝑟)
𝑑𝑏 20
𝑏

𝑐+𝐾𝑡𝑟
; use ( 𝑑𝑏
) = 2.5
ℓ𝑑 9 (415)(1.3)(1)(1)
=( ) = 42.38
𝑑𝑏 10 (√21)(2.5)

ℓ𝑑 = 42.38(25) = 1059mm < 1822mm --- (ok)

@ Cantilever Portion
1.95
M = 571.99(1.95) ( ) = 1087.50kN (small compared to Mmax)
2
use ρmin = 0.00337

As = ρbd = 0.00337(4250) (525)

As = 7519.31mm2

Using 25mm Ø Bars

𝜋
A25 = (25)2 = 490.87mm2
4

Number of bars to be used

7519.31
N = 490.87 = 15.32 say 16 – 25mm Ø bars

Use 16pcs – 25mm Ø bars

➢ TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT
@ Exterior Column
Equivalent width = 1575mm

Net Ultimate Upward Pressure

759.86
qult = 4.25 = 178.79kPa
1.975
Mu = 178.79(1.975) ( ) = 348.70kN
2

Mu = Ø f’cbd2ω (1 - 0.59ω) ; Ø = 0.90

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│473

; Using 25mm Ø bar

; d = 525 - 25 = 500mm

348.70 =0.90(21x103) (1.575) (0.500)2ω (1-0.59ω)

348.70 = 7441.875ω (1-0.59ω)

ω = 0.04823
𝜔𝑓′𝑐 0.04823 (21) 1.4
ρ = 𝑓𝑦 = = 0.00244 < ρmin = 415 = 0.00337
415

use ρmin = 0.00337

As = ρbd = 0.00337(1575) (500)

As = 2653.88mm2

Using 25mm Ø Bars

𝜋
A25 = (25)2 = 490.87mm2
4

Number of bars to be used

2653.88
N = 490.87 = 5.41 say 6 – 25mm Ø bars

Use 6pcs – 25mm Ø bars

@ Interior Column

Equivalent width = 2975mm

Net Ultimate Upward Pressure

2443.28
qult = = 574.89kPa
4.25
1.875
Mu = 574.89 (1.875) ( ) = 1010.55kN
2

Mu = Ø f’cbd2ω (1 - 0.59ω) ; Ø = 0.90

; Using 25mm Ø bar

; d = 525- 25 = 500mm

1010.55=0.90(21x103) (2.975) (0.500)2ω (1-0.59ω)

1010.55= 14056.88ω (1-0.59ω)

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│474

ω = 0.06197
𝜔𝑓′𝑐 0.06197 (21) 1.4
ρ = 𝑓𝑦 = = 0.00314 < ρmin = 415 = 0.00337
415

use ρmin = 0.00337

As = ρbd = 0.00337(2975) (500)

As = 5012.88mm2

Using 25mm Ø Bars

𝜋
A25 = (25)2 = 490.87mm2
4

Number of bars to be used

5012.88
N = 490.87 = 10.21 say 11 – 25mm Ø bars

Use 11pcs – 25mm Ø bars

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│475

COMBINED FOOTING DESIGN DETAIL

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 476

APPENDIX J

DESIGN OF CONCRETE STAIRWAY

Design Criteria :
Materials strength:
fc' = 21 MPa
fy = 415 MPa
𝜔 = 23.56 kN/m3
b = 0.85

Rebar Size
Main Bar …............... 16 mm ø
Temperature Bar…..... 10 mm ø
Hook Bar….............. 10 mm ø

Service load:
[Table 204-2 Minimum Design Dead Load]
[Table 205-1Minimum Uniform and Concentrated Live Loads]
Live load………………………1.9 kPa
Miscellaneous live load…………0.5 kPa
Floor finish and toppings……….1.1 kPa
Miscellaneous dead load….....0.5 kPa

Tread ( T )……………………………… 0.25 m

Riser ( R )……………………………….0.16 m
Length ( L ) …………………………………3.5 m

Number of Steps per flight

1st….......................10steps
2nd ….....................10steps
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 477

A. ESTIMATED THICKNESS OF SLAB

Minimum thickness for simply supported slab to control deflection
(NSCP 2015 Table 407.3.1.1)

Effective Depth of the slab:

l
Min. thickness of slab = (simply supported)
20
3500
Min. thickness of slab = =175 mm
20

Consider 1m Strip;

d = h - c - db/2
= 175 – 20 - 8
= 147 mm
B. DEAD LOAD

Weight of steps (DL1) = (1/2) (R) (23.56)

= 2.12 kPa

√R2 +T2 √(.18)2 +(.25)2

Weight of slab (DL1) = hw = .175(23.56)
T .25
= 5.08 kPa

DL1 = 2.12 + 5.08 = 7.20 kPa [SELF WEIGHT]

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 478

DL2 = 1.60 kPa

TOTAL DL:
DL = DL1 + DL2
= 8.80 kPa

C. LIVE LOAD

LL = 2.4 kPa

D. FACTORED LOAD

W = 1.2DL + 1.6LL
= 14.40 kPa

E. FACTORED Max. MOMENT

WL2 14.40(3.5)2
MU = = =22.05kN-m
8 8

F. COMPUTE FOR THE REQUIRED (ρ)

MU = φ Ru bd2
22.12 = 0.9 (Ru) (1000) (147x147)
Ru = 1.137 Mpa

0.85 f' c 2Ru

p=( )(1-√1- )
fy 0.85f' c

0.85(21) 2(1.137)
p=( )(1-√1- )
(415) 0.85(21)

p = 0.002833

0.85 B f' c 600

pmax = ( )
fy ( fy+600)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 479

0.85 (0.85) (21) 600

pmax = ( )
415 ( 415+600)

pmax = 0.02161

1.4
pmin= fy

1.4
pmin=
415

pmin= 0.003373

USE: Pmin = 0.003373

G. REINFORCEMENT (As)

As = p b d
= 0.003373 (1000) (175)
= 590.275 mm2
Using 16 mm ø main bars:

𝜋 (1000)
(16)2 = 590.275
4 𝑆

S = 340.62 say 340 mm o.c.

Spacing of 10 mm ø temperature bars:

As = 0.002 b d
= 0.002 (1000) (175)
= 350 mm2
Using 10 mm ø bars:
𝜋 (1000)
(10)2 =350
4 𝑆
S = 224.40 say 220 mm o.c.
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 480
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 481
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 482

BUILDING SKELETAL FRAME

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 483

APPENDIX K

ESTIMATE
REINFOCEMENT BARS
1. SLAB
@ROOF DECK
USING ∅12 REBAR @6m & 9m:

• SLAB 1
LONG SPAN
For Negative Moment:
Column Strip along Long span = LN2/4 = 3.2/4 = 0.80m;
(11x2)(3) = 66pcs @9m
For Positive Moment:
Middle Strip along Long span = Ln2/2 = 3.2/2 = 1.60m;
(11x1)(3) = 33pcs @9m

SHORT SPAN
For Negative Moment:
Column Strip along short span = Ln1/4 = 4.7/4 = 1.175m;
(7x2)(3) = 42pcs @6m

For Positive Moment:

Middle strip along short span = Ln1/2 = 4.7/2 = 2.35m
(8x1)(3) = 24pcs @6m
Tie wire G.I #16 = 1kg = 53 Linear Meter (using 30cm length)
=770pcs @ 30cm ; 770 x 0.30 = 231 linear meter
=231/53 = 4.36 x 2 = 8.72kg

• SLAB 2
LONG SPAN
For Negative Moment:
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 484

Column strip along long span = Ln2/4 = 2.2/4 = 0.55m

(6x2)x2 = 24pcs @9m

For Positive Moment:

Middle strip along long span = Ln2/4 = 2.2/2 = 1.1m
(6x1)x2 = 12pcs @9m
SHORT SPAN
For Negative Moment:
Column strip along short span = Ln1/4 = 4.7/4 = 1.175m;
(4x2)x2 = 16/2=8pcs @6m

For Positive Moment:

Middle strip along short span = Ln1/2 = 4.7/2 = 2.35m
(8x1)x2 = 24/2= 12pcs @6m
Tie wire G.I #16 = 1296 x 0.30 = 388.8/53 = 14.64kg

• SLAB 3
LONG SPAN
For Negative Moment:
Column strip along long span = Ln2/4 = 2.2/4 = 0.55m
(6x2)x4 = 48pcs @9m

For Positive Moment:

Middle strip along long span = Ln2/2 = 2.2/2 = 1.1m
(6x1)x4 = 24pcs @9m

SHORT SPAN
For Negative Moment:
Column strip along short span = Ln1/4 = 4.2/4 = 1.05m
(3x2)x8 = 48pcs @6m
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 485

For Positive Moment:

Middle strip along short span = Ln1/2 = 4.2/2 = 2.1m
(7x1)x8 = 56pcs @6m
Tie wire G.I #16 = 14.64kg

• SLAB 4
LONG SPAN
For Negative Moment:
Column strip along long span = Ln1/4 = 4.2/4 = 1.05m;
(15x2)x8 = 240pcs @6m

For Positive Moment:

Middle strip along long span = Ln1/2 = 4.2/2 = 2.1m
(50x1)x8 = 400pcs @6m
SHORT SPAN
For Negative Moment:
Column strip along short span = Ln2/4 = 6.7/4 = 1.675m
(27x2)x4 = 216pcs @9m

For Positive Moment:

Middle strip along short span = Ln2/2 = 6.7/2 = 3.35m;
(28x1)x4 = 112pcs @9m
Tie wire G.I #16 = 14.64kg
Total 6m = 830pcs
Total 9m = 535pcs
Total wt. Tie wire G.I #16 = 52.64kg
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 486

@4th to 2nd floor

USING ∅12 REBAR @6m & 9m LENGTH:

• SLAB 1
Long span:
Negative: (11x2)(3) = 66 x 3= 198pcs @9m
Positive: (11x1)(3) = 33 x 3= 99pcs @9m
Short Span:
Negative: (7x2)(2) = 28 x3 = 84pcs @6m
Positive: (8x1)(2) = 16 x 3 = 48pcs @6m
Tie wire G.I #16 = 14.64kg

• SLAB 2
Long span:
Negative: (6x2)x2 = 24pcs @9m
Positive: (6x1)x2 = 12pcs @9m

Short span:
Negative: (4x2)x2 = 16/2=8pcs @6m
Positive: (8x1)x2 = 24/2= 12pcs @6m
Tie wire G.I #16 = 14.64kg

Slab 3
Long span:
Negative: (6x2)x4 = 48pcs @9m
Positive: (6x1)x4 = 24pcs @9m
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 487

Short span:
Negative: (3x2)x8 = 48pcs @6m
Positive: (7x1)x8 = 56pcs @6m
Tie wire G.I #16 = 14.64kg
Slab4:
Long span:
Negative: (24x2)x8= 384pcs @6m
Positive: (40x1)x8= 320pcs @6m
Short span: Negative: (22x2)x4= 176pcs @9m
Positive: (22x1)x4 = 88pcs @9m
Tie wire G.I #16 = 14.64kg

Total: 6m= 960pcs

9m= 669pcs
Total wt. Tie wire G.I #16 = 58.56kg

OVERALL TOTAL ∅12 REBAR: 6m = 1,790pcs

9m = 1,204pcs
2. COLUMN
External Column:
HEIGHT = 15.3m
Rebar height = 15.3-.04-.025 = 15.235m
90 deg bend @bottom = 16db = 16(25) = 400mm; say 500
90 deg bend @top = 9db = 9(25) = 225mm; say 250mm
Using ∅25-9m spliced @1meter:
9x2=18m-1m-0.5-0.25=16.25m
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 488

Column 1: (9x2) x 4 = 72 x 11sets = 792pcs

Column 2: (9x2) x 4 = 72 x 6sets = 432pcs
Column 3: (9x2) x 8 = 144 x 5sets = 720pcs
Column 4: (9x2) x 8 = 144 x 4sets = 576pcs

Internal Column:
Column 3: (9x2) x 12 = 216 x 5sets = 1080pcs
Column 4: (9x2) x 12 = 216 x 4sets = 864pcs
Column 5: (9x2) x 10 = 180 x 5sets = 900pcs

COLUMN LATERAL TIES: 10mm @6m

Spacing of Lateral Ties: 1@50, 7@75, rest @150 O.C.

EXTERNAL COLUMNS: Cc = 50mm; Hook length = 4db

Column1 & 2 all floors: 300 x 300mm
Tie Length = 2(300-100) + 2(300-100) + 2(4x10) = 880mm say 1000mm
No. of pcs. For 1-6m rebar = 6m/1m = 6pcs
For 2.8m height: 2(1+7+1) + 11 = 29 x 4 = 116pcs
For 2.01m height: 2(1+7+1) + 5 = 23 x 1 = 23pcs
For joints: 3x5 = 15pcs
Total = 154pcs @1m length;
154/6 = 26 x 17sets = 442pcs @6m length
Tie wire G.I #16 = 59.28kg
Column 3&4:
@4th Floor: 300 x 300
For 2.8m height: 2(1+7+1) + 11 = 29 x 1 = 29pcs @1m length
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 489

For 6m length = 5 x 9 =45pcs @6m length

Tie wire G.I #16 = 6kg

@3rd to Footing: 400 x 400mm

Tie Length = 2(400-100) + 2(400-100) + 2(4x10) = 1.28 say 1.2m;
6/1.2 = 5pcs
For 2.8m height: 2(1+7+1) + 11 = 29 x 3 = 87pcs
For 2.01m height: 2(1+7+1) + 5 = 23 x 1 = 23pcs
For joints: 3x5 = 15pcs
For 1.2m length = 125pcs
For 6m length = 125/5 = 25 x 9 = 225pcs @6m length
Total = 225 + 45 = 270pcs @6m length
Tie wire G.I #16 = 25.47kg

INTERNAL COLUMN: cc = 40mm: Hook = 4db

Column 3 & 4
@4th Floor: 500 x 500mm
Tie Length = 2(500-80) + 2(500-80) + 2(4x10)= 1.76m say 2m; 6/2 = 3pcs
For 2.8m height: 2(1+7+1) + 11 = 29 x 1 = 29pcs @2m length
For 6m length: 29/3 = 9.6 say 10x9 = 90pcs @6m length
Tie wire G.I #16 = 6kg
@3rd flr to footing: 550 x 550mm
Tie Length = 2(550-80) + 2(550-80) + 2(4x10) = 1.96 say 2m; 6/2 = 3pcs
For 2.8m height: 2(1+7+1) + 11 = 29 x 3 = 87pcs
For 2.01m height: 2(1+7+1) + 5 = 23 x 1 = 23pcs
For joints: 3x5 = 15pcs
For 2m length = 125pcs
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 490

For 6m length = 125/3 = 42 x 9 = 378pcs @6m length

Total = 378 + 90 = 468pcs @6m length
Tie wire G.I #16 = 25.47
Column 5
@4th Floor: 450 x 450mm
Tie Length = 2(450-80) + 2(450-80) + 2(4x10) = 1.5m; 6/1.5 = 4pcs
For 2.8m height: 2(1+7+1) + 11 = 29 x 1 = 29pcs @1.5m length
For 6m length: 29/4 = 7.25 say 7 x 5 = 35pcs @6m length
Tie wire G.I #16 = 3.28kg
@3rd Floor to Footing: 500 x 500mm
Tie Length =2(500-80) + 2(500-80)+ 2(4x10)= 1.76m say 2m; 6/2 = 3pcs
For 2.8m height: 2(1+7+1) + 11 = 29 x 3 = 87pcs @2m length
For 2.01m height: 2(1+7+1) + 5 = 23 x 1 = 23pcs
For joints: 3x5 = 15pcs
For 2m length = 125pcs
For 6m length = 125/3 = 42 x 5 = 210pcs @6m length
Total = 210 + 35 = 245pcs @6m length
Tie wire G.I #16 = 14.15kg
OVERALL TOTAL ∅10-6m = 1425pcs
Total wt. Tie wire G.I #16 = 139.65kg

3. BEAM REBARS

@Roof Deck
LONGITUDINAL SECTION: Using 16mm Diameter

@Grid A, C: (B5, B1); @9m length

Continuous bars = 2 x [4(6)] = 48pcs @9m length
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 491

Cut Bars: @6m length

@External Support: 4pcs
Length = L/4 + 12(0.016) = 5/4 + 0.192 = 1.44 say 1.5m

@Internal Support: 4pcs

Length = L/4 + 12(0.016) = 5/4 + 0.192 = 1.44 say 1.5m
Use 3m length since both sides

@Mid Span: 4pcs

Length = L – 2(L/5 – 0.192) = 5 – 2(5/5 – 0.192) = 3.38m
say 3m
No. of rebars for External Support @Grid A & C = 2(2x4) = 16pcs @1.5m
Using ∅16-6m = (16x1.5)/6 = 4pcs @6m length
No. of rebars for Internal Support @Grid A & C = 2(9x4) = 72pcs @1.5m
Using ∅16-6m = (72x1.5)/6 = 18pcs @6m length
No. of rebars for Mid Span @Grid A & C = (3x4) x 10 = 120pcs @ 3m
Using ∅16-6m = (120x3)/6 = 60pcs @6m length

@Grid D: (B2)
Continuous Bars = 1 x [4(6)] = 24pcs @9m length

Cut Bars:
@External Support: 3pcs
Length = L/4 + 12(0.016) = 5/4 + 0.192 = 1.44 say 1.5m
@Internal Support: 3pcs
Length = L/4 + 12(0.016) = 5/4 + 0.192 = 1.44 say 1.5m
Use 3m length since both sides
@Mid Span: 3pcs
Length = L – 2(L/5 – 0.192) = 5 – 2(5/5 – 0.192) = 3.38m
say 3m

No. of rebars for External Support @Grid D = 1(2x3) = 6pcs @1.5m

Using ∅16-6m = ((6)x1.5)/6 = 1.5pcs @6m length
No. of rebars for Internal Support @Grid A & C = 1(9x6) = 27pcs @3m
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 492

Using ∅16-6m = ((27)x3)/6 = 13.5pcs @6m length

No. of rebars for Mid Span @Grid A & C = (3x3) x 10 = 90pcs @ 3m
Using ∅16-6m = (90x3)/6 = 45pcs @6m length

TRANSVERSE SECTION: Using 16mm Diameter @3m length

@GRID 1,2,4,6,8,10,11: (B4, B3)
Continuous bars = 7 x [4(5)] = 140 pcs @3m length
Using ∅16-6m = (140x3)/6 = 70 pcs @6m length

Cut Bars: @6m length

@External Support: 4pcs
Length = L/4 + 12(0.016) = 3.5/4 + 0.192 = 1.07 say 1m
@Internal Support: 4pcs
Length = L/4 + 12(0.016) = 3.5/4 + 0.192 = 1.07 say 1m
Use 2m length since both sides
@Mid Span: 4pcs
Length = 3.5 – 2(3.5/5 – 0.192) = 2.48m say 2.5m (56pcs)
Length = 2.5 – 2(2.5/5 – 0.192) = 1.884 say 2m (28pcs)
No. of rebars for External Support @GRID 1,2,4,6,8,10,11:
= 7(2x4) = 56pcs @1m
Using ∅16-6m = (56x1)/6 = 9pcs @6m length
No. of rebars for Internal Support @GRID 1,2,4,6,8,10,11:
= 7(2x4) = 56pcs @1m
Using ∅16-6m = (56x1)/6 = 9pcs @6m length
No. of rebars for Mid Span @GRID 1,2,4,6,8,10,11:
@3.5m = 7(2x4) = 56pcs @2.5m
Using ∅16-6m = (56x2.5)/6 = 23pcs @6m length

@2.5m = 7(1x4) 28pcs @2m length

Using ∅16-6m = (28x2)/6 = 9pcs @6m length

@Grid 3,5,7,9: (B6, B3)

Continuous bars = 4 x [4(5)] = 80pcs @3m length
Using ∅16-6m = (80x3)/6 = 40 pcs @6m length

Cut Bars: @6m length

@External Support: 4pcs
2.5m Length = L/4 + 12(0.016) = 2.5/4 + 0.192 = 0.8 say 1m
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 493

6m Length = L/4 + 12(0.016) = 6/4 + 0.192 = 01.69 say 1.7m

@Internal Support: 4pcs
2.5m Length = L/4 + 12(0.016) = 2.5/4 + 0.192 = 0.8 say 1m
6m Length = L/4 + 12(0.016) = 6/4 + 0.192 = 01.69 say 1.7m
@Mid Span: 4pcs
Length = 6 – 2(6/5 – 0.192) = 4.0m (16pcs)
Length = 2.5 – 2(2.5/5 – 0.192) = 1.884 say 2m (16pcs)
No. of rebars for External Support @Grid 3,5,7,9:
= 4(2x4) = 32pcs @1m
Using ∅16-6m = (32x1)/6 = 5pcs @6m length
No. of rebars for Internal Support @Grid 3,5,7,9:
Length = 2.7m
= 4(1x4) = 16pcs @2.7m
Using ∅16-6m = (16x2.7)/6 = 7pcs @6m length
No. of rebars for Mid Span @Grid 3,5,7,9:
@6m = 4(1x4) = 16pcs @4m
Using ∅16-6m = (16x4)/6 = 11pcs @6m length
@2.5m = 4(1x4) 16pcs @2m length
Using ∅16-6m = (16x2)/6 = 5pcs @6m length

TOTAL: ∅16-6m = 330pcs

∅16-9m = 72pcs
@4th to 2nd Floor:
LONGITUDINAL SECTION: Using 16mm Diameter

@Grid A, C: (B5, B1); @9m length

Continuous bars = 2 x [6(6)] = 72pcs @9m length

Cut Bars: @6m length

@External Support: 4pcs
Length = L/4 + 12(0.016) = 5/4 + 0.192 = 1.44 say 1.5m

@Internal Support: 4pcs

Length = L/4 + 12(0.016) = 5/4 + 0.192 = 1.44 say 1.5m
Use 3m length since both sides
@Mid Span: 4pcs
Length = L – 2(L/5 – 0.192) = 5 – 2(5/5 – 0.192) = 3.38m
say 3m
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 494

No. of rebars for External Support @Grid A & C = 2(2x4) = 16pcs @1.5m
Using ∅16-6m = (16x1.5)/6 = 4pcs @6m length
No. of rebars for Internal Support @Grid A & C = 2(9x4) = 72pcs @1.5m
Using ∅16-6m = (72x1.5)/6 = 18pcs @6m length
No. of rebars for Mid Span @Grid A & C = (3x4) x 10 = 120pcs @ 3m
Using ∅16-6m = (120x3)/6 = 60pcs @6m length

@Grid D: (B2)
Continuous Bars = 1 x [6(6)] = 36pcs @9m length

Cut Bars:
@External Support: 3pcs
Length = L/4 + 12(0.016) = 5/4 + 0.192 = 1.44 say 1.5m
@Internal Support: 3pcs
Length = L/4 + 12(0.016) = 5/4 + 0.192 = 1.44 say 1.5m
Use 3m length since both sides
@Mid Span: 3pcs
Length = L – 2(L/5 – 0.192) = 5 – 2(5/5 – 0.192) = 3.38m
say 3m
No. of rebars for External Support @Grid D = 1(2x3) = 6pcs @1.5m
Using ∅16-6m = ((6)x1.5)/6 = 1.5pcs @6m length
No. of rebars for Internal Support @Grid A & C = 1(9x6) = 27pcs @3m
Using ∅16-6m = ((27)x3)/6 = 13.5pcs @6m length
No. of rebars for Mid Span @Grid A & C = (3x3) x 10 = 90pcs @ 3m
Using ∅16-6m = (90x3)/6 = 45pcs @6m length

TRANSVERSE SECTION: Using 16mm Diameter @3m length

@GRID 1,2,4,6,8,10,11: (B4, B3)
Continuous bars = 7 x [4(6)] = 168 pcs @3m length
Using ∅16-6m = (168x3)/6 = 84 pcs @6m length

Cut Bars: @6m length

@External Support: 4pcs
Length = L/4 + 12(0.016) = 3.5/4 + 0.192 = 1.07 say 1m
@Internal Support: 4pcs
Length = L/4 + 12(0.016) = 3.5/4 + 0.192 = 1.07 say 1m
Use 2m length since both sides
@Mid Span: 4pcs
Length = 3.5 – 2(3.5/5 – 0.192) = 2.48m say 2.5m (56pcs)
Length = 2.5 – 2(2.5/5 – 0.192) = 1.884 say 2m (28pcs)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 495

No. of rebars for External Support @GRID 1,2,4,6,8,10,11:

= 7(2x4) = 57pcs @1m
Using ∅16-6m = (56x1)/6 = 9pcs @6m length
No. of rebars for Internal Support @GRID 1,2,4,6,8,10,11:
= 7(2x4) = 56pcs @1m
Using ∅16-6m = (56x1)/6 = 9pcs @6m length
No. of rebars for Mid Span @GRID 1,2,4,6,8,10,11:
@3.5m = 7(2x4) = 56pcs @2.5m
Using ∅16-6m = (56x2.5)/6 = 23pcs @6m length
@2.5m = 7(1x4) 28pcs @2m length
Using ∅16-6m = (28x2)/6 = 9pcs @6m length

TOTAL: ∅16-6m = 276 x 3 = 828pcs

∅16-9m = 108 x 3 = 324pcs

OVERALL TOTAL: ∅16-6m = 1158pcs

∅16-9m = 396pcs

BEAM STIRRUPS: USING ∅10-6m

HOOK LENGTH = 4db = 4(10) = 40mm
@ROOF DECK
B1 Length of Stirrup = 2(250-80) + 2(400-80) + 40 = 1020mm say 1m
B2 Length of Stirrup = 2(250-80) + 2(350-80) + 40 = 920mm say 1m
B3 Length of Stirrup = 2(250-80) + 2(400-80) + 40 = 1020mm say 1m
B4 Length of Stirrup = 2(250-80) + 2(400-80) + 40 = 1020mm say 1m
B5 Length of Stirrup = 2(250-80) + 2(250-80) + 40 = 720mm say 1m
B6 Length of Stirrup = 2(250-80) + 2(500-80) +40 = 1220mm say 1.2m

B1, B2, B3, B4 spaced @ 3@50, rest @200 O.C

B5, B6 spaced @ 1@50, 3@ 160, 8@180, rest @200 O.C

No. of Stirrups:
B1: Length @O.C = (5-0.3) – 2(3x0.05) = 4.4m; n =4.4/0.2 = 22pcs
N = 3(2) + 22 + 1 = 29pcs x 16 = 464pcs @1m length
B2: Length @O.C= (4.5-0.3)–2(3x0.05) = 3.9m; n=3.9/0.2 = 19pcs
N = 3(2) + 19 + 1 = 26pcs x 8 = 208pcs @1m length
B2-1: Length @O.C = (5-0.3) - 2(3x0.05) = 4.4m; n =4.4/0.2 = 22pcs
N = 3(2) + 22 + 1 = 29pcs x 2 = 58pcs @1m length
B3: Length @O.C= (2.5-0.3) – 2(3x0.05) = 1.9mm; n = 1.9/0.2= 9pcs
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 496

N = 3(2) + 9 + 1 = 15pcs x 11 = 165pcs @1m length

B4: Length @O.C= (3.5-0.3) – 2(3x0.05) = 2.9m; n = 2.9/0.2 = 14pcs
N = 3(2) + 14 + 1 = 21pcs x 14 = 294pcs @1m length
B5: Length @O.C = (5-0.3) – 2(1x0.05) - 2(3x0.16) - 2(8x0.18)
= 0.76m; n= 0.76/0.2 = 4pcs
N = 1(2) + 3(2) + 8(2) + 4 + 1 = 29pcs x 6 = 174pcs @1m length
B6: Length @O.C = (7-0.3) – 2(1x0.05) - 2(3x0.16) - 2(8x0.18) = 2.76m
n = 2.76/0.2 = 14pcs
N = 1(2)+3(2)+ 8(2) + 14 + 1 = 39pcs x 4 =156pcs @1.2m length

TOTAL ∅10-6m = (1363x1) + (156x1.2) = 1550.2/6 = 258pcs ∅10-6m

Tie wire G.I #16 = 77.38kg

@4TH TO 2ND FLOOR:

B1 Length of Stirrup = 2(300-80) + 2(500-80) + 40 =1320mm say 1.3m
B2 Length of Stirrup = 2(250-80) + 2(400-80) + 40 = 1020mm say 1m
B3 Length of Stirrup = 2(300-80) + 2(500-80) + 40 =1320mm say 1.3m
B4 Length of Stirrup = 2(300-80) + 2(500-80) + 40 =1320mm say 1.3m
B5 Length of Stirrup = 2(300-80) + 2(500-80) + 40 =1320mm say 1.3m
B6 Length of Stirrup = 2(300-80) + 2(600-80) +40 = 1520mm say 1.5m

B1, B2, B3, B4 spaced @ 3@50, rest @200 O.C

B5, B6 spaced @ 1@50, 3@ 160, 8@180, rest @200 O.C

No. of Stirrups:
B1: Length @O.C = (5-0.4) – 2(3x0.05) = 4.3m; n =4.3/0.2 = 22pcs
N = 3(2) + 22 + 1 = 29pcs x 16 = 464pcs @1.3m length
B2: Length @O.C= (4.5-0.3)–2(3x0.05) = 3.9m; n=3.9/0.2 = 19pcs
N = 3(2) + 19 + 1 = 26pcs x 8 = 208pcs @1m length
B2-1: Length @O.C = (5-0.3) - 2(3x0.05) = 4.4m; n =4.4/0.2 = 22pcs
N = 3(2) + 22 + 1 = 29pcs x 2 = 58pcs @1m length
B3: Length @O.C= (2.5-0.3) – 2(3x0.05) = 1.9mm; n = 1.9/0.2= 9pcs
N = 3(2) + 9 + 1 = 15pcs x 11 = 165pcs @1.3m length
B4: Length @O.C= (3.5-0.3) – 2(3x0.05) = 2.9m; n = 2.9/0.2 = 14pcs
N = 3(2) + 14 + 1 = 21pcs x 14 = 294pcs @1.3m length
B5: Length @O.C = (5-0.3) – 2(1x0.05) - 2(3x0.16) - 2(8x0.18)
= 0.76m; n= 0.76/0.2 = 4pcs
N = 1(2) + 3(2) + 8(2) + 4 + 1 = 29pcs x 6=174pcs @1.3m length
B6: Length @O.C = (7-0.3) – 2(1x0.05) - 2(3x0.16) - 2(8x0.18) = 2.76m
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 497

n = 2.76/0.2 = 14pcs
N = 1(2)+3(2)+ 8(2) + 14 + 1 = 39pcs x 4 =156pcs @1.5m length

TOTAL ∅10-6m = (1200 + 266 + 234) = 1700/6 = 283pcs @6m

@Tie Beam = 283pcs @6m

Total Tie wire G.I #16 = 309.5kg

OVERALL TOTAL = 824pcs @∅10-6m

4. FOOTING REBARS
ISOLATED FOOTING: Hook Length = 6db = 6(20) = 120mm
FOOTING I: (5 sets)
Rebar length @Short Span = 2.4 - 2(0.075) + 2(0.12) = 2.50m
n = 18pcs @2.50m length
Using 6m-∅20 = (18x2.50)/6 = 8pcs @6m length
Rebar length @Long Span = 4.7 – 2(0.075) + 2(0.12) = 5m
n = 13pcs @5m length
Using 6m-∅20 = (13x5)/6 = 11pcs @6m length
Total = 19(5) = 95pcs @6m length
Tie wire G.I #16 = 6.6kg

FOOTING II: (9 SETS)

Rebar length=3.3-2(0.075)+2(0.12)=3.39m say 3.4m @both ways
n = 14(2) = 28pcs @3.4m length
Using 6m-∅20 = (28x3.4)/6 = 16pcs @6m length
Total = 16(9) = 144pcs @6m length
Tie wire G.I #16 = 10kg

FOOTING III: (4 SETS)

Rebar length = 2.9 - 2(0.075)+2(0.12) = 3m @both ways
n = 12(2) = 24pcs @3m length
Using 6m-∅20 = (24x3)/6 = 12pcs @6m length
Total = 12(4) = 48pcs @6m length
Tie wire G.I #16 = 3.26kg

OVERALL TOTAL @6m = 287pcs @6m-∅20

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 498

COMBINED FOOTING I: (11 SETS)

Rebar length @short span = 4.25 – 2(0.075) + 2(0.12) = 4.5m
n = 17pcs @4.5 m length
Using 9m-∅20 = (17x4.5)/9 = 9pcs @9m length

Rebar length @long span = 5.6 – 2(0.075) + 2(0.12) = 5.7

n = 16pcs @5.7m length
Using 9m-∅20 = (16x5.7)/9 = 10pcs @9m length

Rebar length @top = 1.8m

n = 16pcs @1.8m length
Using 9m-∅20 = (16x1.8)/9 = 3pcs @9m length
Tie wire G.I #16 = 32.5kg

OVERALL TOTAL @9m = 22pcs x (11) = 242pcs @9m length

Total Tie wire G.I #16 = 52.36kg

5. Stair Rebars
@1st Floor
Hook bar length per step = 0.5m; 7pcs per step
Total Hook bar per Floor = 70pcs
Using 6m-∅10:
N = 0.5(70)/6 = 6pcs @6m

Temperature Bar: L = 1.48m; 50pcs @1.48m

N = 1.48(50)/6 = 13pcs @6m

Main Bars (∅16mm): Top and Bottom

L = 2.76 + (2x0.25) = 3.26m
5 bars top; 5 bars bottom = 10bars
N = 3.26(10)/6 = 6pcs @6m

Landing @traverse (∅10mm)

L = 1.25m ; 6bars @1.25m
N = 1.25(12)/6 = 3pcs @6m

Landing @Longitudinal (∅10mm)

L = 3.12m ; 14bars @3.12m
N = 3.12(14)/6 = 15pcs @6m
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 499

Trapezoidal Reinforcement: L = 0.984m ; 8bars

N = 8(0.984)/6 = 2pcs @6m
Total (Both Sides): Using 6m-∅10 = 120pcs
Using 6m-∅16 = 24pcs
@2 & 3 Floor:
nd rd

Temperature Bars: L = 1.40m ; 47pcs

N = 47(1.40)/6 = 12pcs @6m
Total (Both Sides): Using 6m-∅10 = 108 x 2 = 216pcs
Using 6m-∅16 = 24 x 2 = 48pcs
@4th Floor: Using 6m-∅10 = 108/2 = 56pcs
Using 6m-∅16 = 24/2 = 12pcs

Overall Total: Using 6m-∅10 = 392pcs

Using 6m-∅16 = 84pcs

6. VOLUME OF CONCRETE
@BEAM
BEAM SIZE @ROOF DECK:
B1 = B3 = B4 = B5 = 250 x 400mm
B2 = 250 x 350mm
B6 = 250 x 500mm

4TH to 2ND FLOOR:

B1 = B3 = B4 = B5 = 300 x 500mm
B2 = 250 x 400mm
B6 = 300 x 600mm

@ROOF DECK
LONGITUDIANL SECTION:
GRID A= 2(B5x5) + 8(B1x4.5)= 2(0.25x0.400x5) + 8(0.25x0.400x4.5) = 4.6m3
GRID B = 2(B5x5) = 2(0.25x0.400x5) = 1m3
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 500

GRID C= 2(B5x5) + 8(B1x4.5)= 2(0.25x0.400x5) + 8(0.25x0.400x4.5) = 4.6m3

GRID D= 2(B2x5) + 8(B2x4.5)=2(0.25x0.350x5)+8(0.25x0.350x4.5)= 4.025m3
TOTAL = 14.225m3
TRANSEVERSE SECTION:
GRID 1,2,10,11 = 8(B4x3.5) + 4(B3x2.5) = 8(0.250x0.400x3.5) +
4(0.250x0.400x2.5) = 3.8m3
GRID 3,5,7,9 = 4(B6x7) + 4(B3x2.5) + 4(0.25x0.500x7) +
4(0.250x0.400x2.5)=4.5m3
GRID 4,6,8 = 6(B4x3.5) + 3(B3x2.5) = 6(0.250x0.400x3.5) +
3(0.250x0.400x2.5) = 2.85m
TOTAL = 11.15m3
TOTAL VOLUME= 25.375m3
@4TH TO 2ND
LONGITUDINAL SECTION:
GRID A= 2(B5x5) + 8(B1x4.5)= 2(0.3x0.500x5) + 8(0.300x0.500x4.5) = 6.9m3
GRID B = 2(B5x5) = 2(0.300x0.500x5) = 1.5m3
GRID C= 2(B5x5) + 8(B1x4.5)= 2(0.3x0.500x5) + 8(0.300x0.500x4.5) = 6.9m3
GRID D= 2(B2x5) + 8(B2x4.5)=2(0.25x0.4000x5) + 8(0.25x0.400x4.5)= 4.6m3
TOTAL = 19.9m3
TRANSEVERSE SECTION:
GRID 1,2,10,11 = 8(B4x3.5) + 4(B3x2.5) = 8(0.300x0.500x3.5) +
4(0.300x0.500x2.5) = 5.7m3
GRID 3,5,7,9 = 4(B6x7) + 4(B3x2.5) = 4(0.300x0.600x7) +
4(0.300x0.500x2.5) = 6.54m3
GRID 4,6,8 = 6(B4x3.5) + 3(B3x2.5) = 6(0.300x0.500x3.5) +
3(0.300x0.500x2.5) = 4.275m3
TOTAL = 16.515m3
OVERALL TOTAL 4th to 2nd floor beam = 36.415 x 3 = 109.245m3
VOLUME OF CONCRETE FOR BEAM = 25.375 + 109.245 = 134.62m3
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 501

@SLAB
SLAB THICKNESS = 150mm
ROOF DECK:
S1 = 3(5x3.5x0.150) = 7.875m3
S2 = 2(5x2.5x0.150) = 3.75m3
S3 = 8(4.5x2.5x0.150) = 13.5m3
S4 = 8(7x4.5x0.150) = 37.8m3
=62.925m3
4TH TO 2ND FLOOR:
S1 = 2(5x3.5x0.150) = 5.25m3
S2 = 2(5x2.5x0.150) = 3.75m3
S3 = 8(4.5x2.5x0.150) = 13.5m3
S4 = 8(7x4.5x0.150) = 37.8m3
=60.3 x 3 = 180.9m3
GROUND FLOOR:
S = (46.3x9.8x0.150) = 68.061m3
TOTAL CONCRETE VOLUME = 62.925 + 180.9 + 68.061 = 311.886m3
@COLUMN
EXTERNAL COLUMN:
C1 = (0.300x0.300x15.3) = 1.377(11sets) = 15.147m3
C2 = (0.300x0.300x15.3) = 1.377(6sets) = 8.262m3
C3 = (0.300x0.300x3.2) + (0.4x0.4x12.1) = 2.224(5sets) = 11.12m3
C4 = (0.300x0.300x3.2) + (0.4x0.4x12.1) = 2.224(4sets) = 8.896m3
= 43.425m3
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 502

INTERNAL COLUMN:
C3 = (0.500x0.500x3.2) + (0.550x0.550x12.1) = 4.46(5sets) = 22.30m3
C4 = (0.500x0.500x3.2) + (0.550x0.550x12.1) = 4.46(4sets) = 17.841m3
C5 = (0.45x0.45x3.2) + (0.50x0.50x12.1) = 3.673(5sets) = 18.365m3
=58.506m3
TOTAL CONCRETE VOLUME = 101.756m3

@FOOTING
Footing I = 4.7 x 2.4 x 0.475 = 5.358m3
Footing II = 3.3 x 3.3 x 0.45 = 4.90m3
Footing III = 2.9 x 2.9 x 0.45 = 3.785m3
Combined Footing I = 5.6 x 4.25 x 0.615 = 14.673m3
TOTAL CONCRETE VOLUME = 28.4m3
@STAIRS (Both sides)
Volume of Landing = 0.6825m3
Volume of Step per floor(20 steps) = 0.624m3
Volume of waist slab = 0.753m3
Volume of Trapezoid = 0.195m3
Volume @1st to 2nd floor = 6.02m3
Volume @2nd to 3rd floor = 5.63m3
Volume @3rd to 4th floor = 5.63m3
Volume @4th to Roof = 2.81m3
Total Volume = 20.08m3
7. CHB
EXTERIOR WALL: 6in CHB
DOOR AREA (32 SETS)= 0.9x2.10 = 1.89m2
WINDOW 1 @FRONT (32 SETS) = 1.5x1.6 = 1.89m2
WINDOW 2 @REAR (32 SETS) = 2.7x1.5 = 4.05m2
WINDOW 3 @REAR (24 SETS) = 0.6x0.9 = 0.54m2
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 503

@FRONT (32 SECTIONS)

TOTAL AREA FOR CHB FOR 1 SECTION: [4.5 x (3.2-0.150)] – (1.89+1.89)=
9.945m2
QUANTITY = 9.945 x 12.5 = 125pcs
TOTAL = 125 x 32 = 4000pcs
@SIDE (16 SETS)
TOTAL AREA FOR CHB FOR 1 SECTION: [3.5 x (3.2-0.15)] = 10.675m2
QUANTITY = 10.675 x 12.5 = 134pcs
TOTAL = (134 x 16) = 2144pcs
@REAR
C.R SECTION (8 SECTIONS):
TOTAL AREA FOR CHB FOR 1 SECTION: (5 x (3.2-0.15)0 – (3x0.54) = 13.63m2
QUANTITY = 13.63 x 12.5 = 171 x 8 = 1368pcs
CLASSROOMS SECTION (32 SECTIONS):
TOTAL AREA FOR CHB FOR 1 SECTION: (4.5 x (3.2-0.15)) – (4.05) = 9.675m2
QUANTITY = 9.675 x 12.5 = 121 x 32 = 3872pcs
TOTAL = 5258pcs
@PARAPET WALL
TOTAL AREA = (46 x 1.5) + (9.5 x 1.5) = 83.25m2
QUANTITY = 83.25x12.5 = 1040pcs
OVERALL CHB TOTAL (6in.) = 12,442pcs
INTERIOR WALL: 4in CHB
@GRID B (1-2 & 10-11):
CLEAR LENGTH OF WALL=5-(0.25+0.15) = 4.6m; HEIGHT=3.2 –0.15 = 3.05m
AREA = 4.6 x 3.05 = 14.03(2sets) = 28.06m2
QUANTITY = 28.06 x 12.5 = 351pcs
@GRID 2-10(A-B & B-C)
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 504

CLEAR LENGTH OF WALL = 2(3.5-(0.25+0.275)) = 5.95m; HEIGHT = 3.05m

AREA(5SETS) = 5.95 x 3.05 = 18.15 x 5 = 90.73m2
QUANTITY = 90.73 x 12.5 = 1134pcs
OVERALL QUANTITY (4in CHB) = 1486pcs
8. MORTAR CEMENT:

USE CLASS B MORTAR

@Exterior Wall

Total area = 618.315m (both sides)

1. No. of Cement = 681.315 x 1.018 = 694bags

2. Quantity of sand = 618.315 x 0.0884 = 60m3

@Interiror wall (Both Sides)

1. No. of Cement = 118.79 x 1.018 = 121bags
2. Quantity of sand = 118.79 x 0.0884 = 10.5m3

9. PLASTER:
Using Class C plaster on both sides:
@Exterior wall (Both sides)
Total area of both sides = 1362.63m3
1. NFo. of Cement = 1362.63 x 0.225 = 307 bags
2. Quantity of Sand = 1362.63 x 0.025 = 34 cu.m
@Interior wall (Both sides)
Total area of both sides = 237.44m3
1. No. of Cement = 237.44 x 0.225 = 54 bags
2. Quantity of Sand = 237.44 x 0.025 = 5.936m3
FLOOR FINISH:
Thickness = 25mm
Total area = 440m2
Total volume = 5(25x440) = 55m3
Using Class A mixture:
No. of bags = 55 x 9 = 495bags
Volume of Sand = 55 x 1 = 55m3

OVERALL TOTAL: Cement Bags = 361 + 496 = 856bags

Sand = 95m3
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 505

10. EARTHWORKS
Excavation
Footing I: (5 sets)
Volume = (4.7 + 0.25 + 0.25) (2.4+0.25+0.25) (2.5)
= 37.7 x 5 = 188m3
Footing II: (9 sets)
Volume = (3.3 + 0.25 + 0.25) (3.3+0.25+0.25) (2.5)
= 36.10 x 9 = 325m3
Footing III: (4 sets)
Volume = (2.9 + 0.25 + 0.25) (2.9+0.25+0.25) (2.5)
= 28.9 x 4 = 115.6m3
Combined Footing I: (11 sets)
Volume = (5.6 + 0.25 + 0.25) (4.25+0.25+0.25) (2.5)
= 72.438 x 11 = 796.81m3
Total = 1309.81m3

Tie Beam:
Long section:
Grid A = 18.6m3
Grid B = 0.825m3
Grid C = 1.35m3
Grid D = 0.65m3
Transverse section:
Grid 1&2 = 0.54m3
Grid 2,4,6,8,10 = 0.675m3
Grid 3,5,7,9 = 3.393m3
Total = 26.03m3

Backfilling
Footing I = 188 – 29.3 = 159.2m3
Footing II = 325 – 47.07 = 278m3
Footing III = 115.6 – 15.88 = 99.72m3
Combined Footing I = 796.81 – 165.33 = 631.48m3
Total = 1168.23m3

Gravel Bedding: Using “G1”

For Footing = 37.13m3
For Slab = 56.81m3
Total Volume of Gravel = 130.41m3
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 506

11. FORMWORKS & SCAFFOLDING:

Plywood = 1/2”x4ftx8ft = ½” x 1.2m x 2.4m = 580pesos
2” x 3” x 12’ Lumber = 150
COLUMN
Column height = 3.05m
External Column:
Column 1: 11sets; P = 2(0.3+0.3)+(0.2) = 1.4m
A = 1.4x3.05x11 = 46.97m2
Column 2: 6sets; P = 2(0.3+0.3)+(0.2) = 1.4m
A = 1.4x3.05x6 = 25.62m2
Column 3: 5sets; P = 2(0.4+0.4+(0.2) = 1.8m
A = 1.8x3.05x5 = 27.45m2
Column 4: 4sets; P = 2(0.4+0.4)+(0.2) = 1.8m
A = 1.8x3.05x4 = 21.96m2

Internal Column:
Column 3: 5sets; P = 2(0.55+0.55)+(0.2) = 2.4m
A = 2.4x3.05x5 = 36.6m2
Column 4: 4sets; P = 2(0.55+0.55)+(0.2) = 2.4m
A = 2.4x3.05x4 = 29.28m2
Column 5: 5sets; P = 2(0.5+0.5)+(0.2) = 2.2m
A = 2.2x3.05x5 = 33.55m2

Footing Column(40 sets) = P = 2(0.55+0.55)+(0.2) = 2.4m

A = 2.4x2x40 = 192m2

TOTAL Area = 413.43m2

No. of Plywood for column = 413.43/2.88 = 144pcs
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 507

BEAM
Clear Length: B1 (8 set) = 4.6m; P = 2(0.5) + (0.3) + 0.1 = 1.4m
A = 1.4 x 4.6 x 8 = 15.68m2
B2 (10 set) = 4.2m; P = 2(0.4) + (0.25) + 0.1 = 2.7m
A = 2.7 x 4.2 x 10 = 113.4m2
B3 (11 set) = 2.2m; P = 2(0.5) + (0.3) + 0.1 = 1.4m
A = 1.4 x 2.2 x 11 = 33.88m2
B4 (14 set) = 3.2m; P = 2(0.5) + (0.3) + 0.1 = 1.4m
A = 1.4 x 3.2 x 14 = 62.72m2
B5 (6set) = 4.7m; P = 2(0.5) + (0.3) + 0.1 = 1.4m
A = 1.4 x 4.7 x 6 = 39.48m2
B6 (4 set) = 6.7m; P = 2(0.6) + (0.3) + 0.1 = 1.6m
A = 1.6 x 6.7 x 4 = 42.88m2

Total Area = 308.04 x 4 = 1232.16m2

TOTAL NO. OF PLYWOOD = 1232.16/2.88 = 428pcs
SUSPENDED SLAB
ROOF DECK:
S1 = 3(5x3.5) = 52.5m2
S2 = 2(5x2.5) = 25m2
S3 = 8(4.5x2.5) = 90m2
S4 = 8(7x4.5) = 252m2
Total Area = 419.5m2
4TH TO 2ND FLOOR:
S1 = 2(5x3.5) = 35m2
S2 = 2(5x2.5) = 25m2
S3 = 8(4.5x2.5) = 90m2
S4 = 8(7x4.5) = 252m2
Total area = 402 x 3 = 1206m2
Overall area = 1625.5m2
No. of Plywood For Suspended Slab = 1625.5/2.88 = 565pcs
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 508

SCAFFOLDING:
Using 2”x3” x 10ft Lumber
Column:
Column Height:
Column Footing = 1.85m x 40sets = 74m
Column @Ground Floor = 3.05m x 40sets = 122m
Overall Column height = 122(4) + 74 = 562m
Vertical Support = 562 x 7 = 3936 bd.ft 2”x3” lumber
Horizontal Support = 562 x 31.67 = 17798.54 bd.ft 2”x3” lumber
Brace = 562 x 17.50 = 9835 bd.ft 2”x3” lumber
Board Ft. per pcs. = 2x3x10/12 = 5 bd.ft
No. of pcs = 31569/5 = 6314 pcs of 2”x3” x 10ft Lumber

Beam:
Clear Length: B1 (8 set) = 4.6 x 8 = 36.8m
B2 (10 set) = 4.2 x 10 = 42m
B3 (11 set) = 2.2 x 11 = 24.2m
B4 (14 set) = 3.2 x 14 = 44.8m
B5 (6set) = 4.7 x 6 = 28.2m
B6 (4 set) = 6.7 x 4 = 26.8m
Total length = 202.8m

Vertical Support = 202.8 x 6 = 1216bd.ft 2”x3” lumber

Horizontal Support = 202.8 x 7 = 1419.6bd.ft 2”x3” lumber
Brace = 202.8 x 9.10 = 1845.48bd.ft 2”x3” lumber
No. of pcs = 4418.08/5 = 896pcs of 2”x3” x 10ft Lumber

Slab:
ROOF DECK:
S1 = 3(5x3.5) = 52.5m2
S2 = 2(5x2.5) = 25m2
S3 = 8(4.5x2.5) = 90m2
S4 = 8(7x4.5) = 252m2
Total Area = 419.5m2
4TH TO 2ND FLOOR:
S1 = 2(5x3.5) = 35m2
S2 = 2(5x2.5) = 25m2
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 509

S3 = 8(4.5x2.5) = 90m2
S4 = 8(7x4.5) = 252m2
Total area = 402 x 3 = 1206m2
Overall area = 1625.5m2
N = 1625.5 x 9.10 = 14787.5/5 = 2958pcs 2”x3” x 10ft Lumber

OVERALL TOTAL = 10168pcs 2”x3” x 10ft Lumber

12. Paintworks
• PARAPET WALL AREA
NO. OF SET DIMENSION AREA
W H
PW1 30 4.5 1.5 202.5 m²
PW2 6 5 1.5 45 m²
PW3 8 2.6 1.5 26.4 m²
PW4 2 2.7 1.5 8.1 m²
∑ AREA = 282 m²

SINCE THE PARAPET WALL IS TO BE PAINTED ON BOTH FACE

TOTAL AREA = (2) (∑ AREA)
= (2) (282)
TOTAL AREA = 564 m²
• PARAPET WALL CORNER AREA
NO. OF SET DIMENSION AREA
W THICKNESS
PW1 30 4.5 0.15 20.25 m²
PW2 6 5 0.15 4.5 m²
PW3 8 2.5 0.15 3 m²
PW4 2 2.7 0.15 0.81 m²
TOTAL AREA = 28.56 m²

•EXTERNAL WALL TOTAL AREA = 1666.56 + 143.02 + 564 + 28.56 – 406.6

EXTERNAL WALL TOTAL AREA = 1995.54 m²
INTERNAL WALL
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 510

TOTAL INTERIOR WALL AREA

= EXTERNAL WALL AREA + INTERIOR WALL AREA – ∑ AREA OF
OPENINGS
•INTERNAl WALL AREA
NO. OF SET NO. OF DIMENSION AREA
FACES W H
W1 40 2 3.5 3.2 896 m²
W2 64 1 4.5 3.2 921.6 m²
W3 9 1 5 3.2 144 m²
W4 2 1 3.2 3.2 20.48 m²
W5 4 2 1.6 3.2 163.84 m²

TOTAL AREA = 2145.92 m²

•OPENINGS (DOORS AND WINDOWS)

NO. OF SET DIMENSION AREA
W H
W1 32 3.6 1.7 195.84 m²
W2 32 1.6 1.7 87.04 m²
W3 29 0.7 0.75 15.23 m²
W4 1 2.7 1.7 4.59 m²
D1 32 1 2.4 76.8 m²
D2 4 1 2.15 8.6 m²
D3 28 0.9 2.15 54.18 m²
D4 3 0.9 2.15 5.81 m²
D5 1 1 2.15 2.15 m²

TOTAL AREA = 450.27 m²

TOTAL INTERIOR WALL AREA = 1995.54 + 2145.92 – 450.27

TOTAL INTERIOR WALL AREA = 3691.19 m²
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 511

• MATERIALS
EXTERNA WALL TOTAL AREA = 1995.54 m²
TOTAL INTERIOR WALL AREA = 3691.19 m²
-EXTERNAL WALL MATERIAL = ACRYTEX
-INTERNAL WALL MATERIAL = LATEX

EXTERNAL WALL
MATERIALS COVERAGE AREA QUANTITY
AREA
1. MASONRY 20 m² / 4.25 l 1995.54 m² 24.94 L
NEUTRALIZER B-44
2. ACRYTEX PRIMER B-
1705
-FIRST COAT 25 m² / 4 L 1995.54 m² 319.27 L
-SECOND 30 m² / 4 L 1995.54 m² 266.07 L
COAT
3. ACRYTEX CAST B-1711 25 m² / 4 L 1995.54 m² 319.27 L
4. ACRTEX TOPCOAT
-FIRST COAT 25 m² / 4 L 1995.54 m² 319.27 L
-SECOND 30 m² / 4 L 1995.54 m² 266.07 L
COAT

NOTE: MASONRY NEYTRALIZER

1 PART OF B-44: A6 PART OF WATER

EXTERNAL WALL
MATERIALS NEEDED PACKAGING QUANTITY
1. MASONRY 1 GAL. OR 24.94 L 6.44 PAIL 7 PAIL
NEUTRALIZER B-44 3.875 L
2. ACRYTEX PRIMER B- 4 L AND 16 L
1705
-FIRST 319.27 L 19.94 PAIL 20 PAIL
COAT
-SECOND 266.07 L 16.63 PAIL 17 PAIL
COAT
3. ACRYTEX CAST B- 4 L AND 16 L 319.27 L 19.94 PAIL 20 PAIL
1711
4. ACRTEX TOPCOAT 4 L AND 16 L
-FIRST 319.27 L 19.94 PAIL 20 PAIL
COAT
-SECOND 266.07 L 16.63 PAIL 17 PAIL
COAT
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 512

INTERNAL WALL
MATERIALS COVERAGE AREA QUANTITY
AREA
1. MASONRY NEUTRALIZER B- 20 m² / 3434.75 m² 42.93 L
44 4.25 l
2. FLAT LATEX B-701
(PRIMER)
-FIRST COAT 25 m² / 4 L 3434.75 m² 549.56 L
-SECOND COAT 30 m² / 4 L 3434.75 m² 457.97 L
3. MASONRY PUTTY B-7311 25 m² / 4 L 3434.75 m² 549.56 L
4. FLAT LATEX
-FIRST COAT 25 m² / 4 L 3434.75 m² 549.56 L
-SECOND COAT 30 m² / 4 L 3434.75 m² 457.97 L

NOTE: MASONRY NEYTRALIZER

1 PART OF B-44: A6 PART OF WATER

INTERNAL WALL
MATERIALS NEEDED PACKAGING QUANTITY
1. MASONRY 1 GAL. OR 42.93 L 11.08 PAIL 12 PAIL
NEUTRALIZER B-44 3.875 L
2. ACRYTEX PRIMER B- 4 L AND 16 L
1705
-FIRST 549.56 L 34.34 PAIL 35 PAIL
COAT
-SECOND 457.97 L 28.62 PAIL 29 PAIL
COAT
3. MASONRY PUTTY B- 1 L, 4 L AND 549.56 L 34.34 PAIL 35 PAIL
7311 16 L
4. ACRTEX TOPCOAT 4 L AND 16 L
-FIRST 549.56 L 34.34 PAIL 35 PAIL
COAT
-SECOND 457.97 L 28.62 PAIL 29 PAIL
COAT
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 513

13. DOORS AND WINDOWS:

•OPENINGS (DOORS AND WINDOWS)

A = W x H x NO. OF SET
NO. OF SET DIMENSION AREA
W H
W1 32 3.6 1.7 195.84 m²
W2 32 1.6 1.7 87.04 m²
W3 24 .7 .75 15.23 m²

D1 32 1 2.4 76.8 m²
D2 4 1 2.15 8.6 m²
D3 4 .9 2.15 15.48 m²
TOTAL AREA = 409.60 m²

•CORNER AREA
NO. OF SET DIMENSION AREA
PERIMETER THICKNESS
W1 32 10.6 0.15 50.88 m²
W2 32 6.6 0.15 31.68 m²
W3 24 2.9 0.15 12.62 m²

D1 32 6.8 0.15 32.64 m²

D2 4 6.3 0.15 3.78 m²
D3 4 6.1 0.15 7.32 m²
TOTAL AREA = 143.02 m²

DOOR1 = 32 SETS = Panel Door (Swing type) w/ fixed glass transom

above on wooden jamb w/ lever type door knob

DOOR2&3 = 8 Sets = Hollow core flush type swing door

WINDOW 1 = 32 SETS = Jalousie window w/ 6mm THK. Clear glass

blades
WINDOW 2 = 32 SETS = Casement window w/ 6mm THK. Clear glass
pane on steel frame

WINDOW 3 = 24 SETS = Awning window w/ 6mm THK. Clear glass

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 514

Doors & Windows Dimensions:

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 515

Bill of Quantities:
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 516
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 517
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 518
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY – UNDERGRAD STUDIES P a g e│ 519

Gantt Chart

Project Timeline
8/19/2023 10/8/2023 11/27/2023 1/16/2024 3/6/2024 4/25/2024 6/14/2024

Title
The Problen and Its Background
Theorectical & Conceptual Framework
Paradigm of The Study
Review of Related Literature & Studies
Significance of the Study
Scope & Delimitation
Definition of Terms
Statement of The Problem
Assumptions
Reseach Design And Methodology
Research Design
Local and Population of the Study
Data Gathering Instrument
Data Gathering Procedure
Ethical Considerations & Finalization
Floor Plans
Preliminary Sizing
Seismic Analysis
Earthquake Design
Shear and Moment drawing
Slab Design
Beam Design
Column Design
Footing Design
Stair Design
Estimates & Finalization