NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.

Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information

Designation: C 94/C 94M – 06

Standard Specification for

Ready-Mixed Concrete1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 94/C 94M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents

1.1 This specification covers ready-mixed concrete manu- 2.1 ASTM Standards: 3
factured and delivered to a purchaser in a freshly mixed and C 31/C 31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
unhardened state as hereinafter specified. Requirements for Specimens in the Field
quality of concrete shall be either as hereinafter specified or as C 33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
specified by the purchaser. In any case where the requirements C 39/C 39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-
of the purchaser differ from these in this specification, the lindrical Concrete Specimens
purchaser’s specification shall govern. This specification does C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete
not cover the placement, consolidation, curing, or protection of Aggregates
the concrete after delivery to the purchaser. C 138/C 138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight),
1.2 The values stated in either SI units, shown in brackets, Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. C 143/C 143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-
iTeh Standards
The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
Cement Concrete
C 150 Specification for Portland Cement

conformance with the standard. (https://standards.iteh.ai)

Combining values from the two systems may result in non- C 172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete
C 173/C 173M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly

Document Preview
1.3 As used throughout this specification the manufacturer Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method
produces ready-mixed concrete. The purchaser buys ready- C 231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed
mixed concrete. Concrete by the Pressure Method
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes C 260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-
which provide explanatory material. These notes andASTM C94/C94M-06
footnotes crete
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/35852cfe-06f8-4b93-b7ee-ba88da157618/astm-c94-c94m-06
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered C 330 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Struc-
as requirements of the standard. tural Concrete
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all the safety C 494/C 494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility Concrete
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and C 567 Test Method for Determining Density of Structural
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory Lightweight Concrete
limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementi- C 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
tious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to C 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
skin and tissue upon prolonged use.2) Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
C 637 Specification for Aggregates for Radiation-Shielding
Concrete
C 989 Specification for Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace
Slag for Use in Concrete and Mortars
C 1017/C 1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures
for Use in Producing Flowing Concrete
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C09.40 on Ready-Mixed Concrete.
3
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2006. Published August 2006. Originally For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
approved in 1933. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C 94/C 94M–05. contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
See Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02. the ASTM website.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

1
C 94/C 94M – 06
C 1064/C 1064M Test Method for Temperature of Freshly 5.1.3 When air-entrained concrete is specified, the air con-
Mixed Hydraulic-Cement Concrete tent of the samples taken at the point of discharge from the
C 1077 Practice for Laboratories Testing Concrete and Con- transportation unit (see Section 8 and Table 1 for the total air
crete Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for content and tolerances) (Note 2),
Laboratory Evaluation 5.1.4 Which of Options A, B, or C shall be used as a basis
C 1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement for determining the proportions of the concrete to produce the
C 1602/C 1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in required quality,
the Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete 5.1.5 When structural lightweight concrete is specified, the
2.2 ACI Documents:4 mass per unit volume as wet mass, air-dry mass, or oven-dry
CP-1 Technician Workbook for ACI Certification of Con- mass (Note 3), and
crete Field Testing Technician–Grade I 5.1.6 If desired, any of the optional requirements of Table 2
211.1 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Nor- in Specification C 1602.
mal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete
NOTE 2—In selecting the specified air content, the purchaser should
211.2 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Struc-
consider the exposure conditions to which the concrete will be subjected.
tural Lightweight Concrete Air contents less than shown in Table 1 may not give the required
301 Standard Specifications for Structural Concrete resistance to freezing and thawing, which is the primary purpose of
305R Hot Weather Concreting air-entrained concrete. Air contents higher than the levels shown may
306R Cold Weather Concreting reduce strength without contributing any further improvement of durabil-
318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete ity.
and Commentary NOTE 3—The mass per unit volume of fresh concrete, which is the only
2.3 Other Documents: unit mass determinable at the time of delivery, is always higher than the
air-dry or oven-dry mass. Definitions of, and methods for determining or
Bureau of Reclamation Concrete Manual 5
calculating air-dry and oven-dry masses, are covered by Test Method
C 567.
3. Terminology
5.2 Option A:
3.1 Definitions:
iTeh Standards
The terms used in this specification are defined in Terminol-
ogy C 125.
5.2.1 When the purchaser requires the manufacturer to
assume full responsibility for the selection of the proportions

4. Basis of Purchase
(https://standards.iteh.ai) for the concrete mixture (Note 4), the purchaser shall also
specify the following:

Document Preview
4.1 The basis of purchase shall be the cubic yard or cubic 5.2.1.1 Requirements for compressive strength as deter-
metre of freshly mixed and unhardened concrete as discharged mined on samples taken from the transportation unit at the
from the transportation unit. point of discharge evaluated in accordance with Section 18.
4.2 The volume of freshly mixed and unhardened concrete The purchaser shall specify the requirements in terms of the
ASTM C94/C94M-06
in a given batch shall be determined from the total mass of the compressive strength of standard specimens cured under stan-
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/35852cfe-06f8-4b93-b7ee-ba88da157618/astm-c94-c94m-06
batch divided by the density of the concrete. The total mass of dard laboratory conditions for moist curing (see Section 18).
the batch shall be determined as the net mass of the concrete in Unless otherwise specified the age at test shall be 28 days.
the batch as delivered, including the total mixing water as NOTE 4—The purchaser, in selecting requirements for which he as-
defined in 9.3. The density shall be determined in accordance sumes responsibility should give consideration to requirements for work-
with Test Method C 138/C 138M. The yield shall be deter- ability, placeability, durability, surface texture, and density, in addition to
mined as the average of at least three measurements, one from those for structural design. The purchaser is referred to Standard Practice
ACI 211.1 and Standard Practice ACI 211.2 for the selection of propor-
each of three different transportation units sampled in accor- tions that will result in concrete suitable for various types of structures and
dance with Practice C 172. conditions of exposure. The water-cement ratio of most structural light-
NOTE 1—It should be understood that the volume of hardened concrete weight concretes cannot be determined with sufficient accuracy for use as
may be, or appear to be, less than expected due to waste and spillage, a specification basis.
over-excavation, spreading forms, some loss of entrained air, or settlement 5.2.2 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall,
of wet mixtures, none of which are the responsibility of the producer.
prior to the actual delivery of the concrete, furnish a statement
5. Ordering Information to the purchaser, giving the dry masses of cement and saturated
surface-dry-masses of fine and coarse aggregate and quantities,
5.1 In the absence of designated applicable general specifi-
type, and name of admixtures (if any) and of water per cubic
cations, the purchaser shall specify the following:
yard or cubic metre of concrete that will be used in the
5.1.1 Designated size, or sizes, of coarse aggregate,
manufacture of each class of concrete ordered by the purchaser.
5.1.2 Slump, or slumps, desired at the point of delivery (see
He shall also furnish evidence satisfactory to the purchaser that
Section 7 for acceptable tolerances),
the materials to be used and proportions selected will produce
concrete of the quality specified.
4
5.3 Option B:
Available from American Concrete Institute, 38800 Country Club Drive,
Farmington Hills, MI 48331.
5.3.1 When the purchaser assumes responsibility for the
5
Available from Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing proportioning of the concrete mixture, he shall also specify the
Office, Washington, DC 20402. following:

2
C 94/C 94M – 06
5.3.1.1 Cement content in bags or pounds per cubic yard be assigned a designation to facilitate identification of each
[kilograms per cubic metre] of concrete, concrete mixture delivered to the project. This is the designa-
5.3.1.2 Maximum allowable water content in gallons per tion required in 14.1.7 and supplies information on concrete
cubic yard [litres per cubic metre] of concrete, including proportions when they are not given separately on each
surface moisture on the aggregates, but excluding water of delivery ticket as outlined in 14.2. A certified copy of all
absorption (Note 4), and proportions as established in Options A, B, or C shall be on file
5.3.1.3 If admixtures are required, the type, name, and at the batch plant.
dosage to be used. The cement content shall not be reduced 5.6 The purchaser shall ensure that the manufacturer is
when admixtures are used under this option without the written provided copies of all reports of tests performed on concrete
approval of the purchaser. samples taken to determine compliance with specification
5.3.2 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall, requirements. Reports shall be provided on a timely basis.
prior to the actual delivery of the concrete, furnish a statement
to the purchaser giving the sources, densities, and sieve 6. Materials
analyses of the aggregates and the dry masses of cement and 6.1 In the absence of designated applicable specifications
saturated-surface-dry masses of fine and coarse aggregate and covering requirements for quality of materials, the following
quantities, type and name of admixture (if any) and of water specifications shall govern:
per cubic yard or cubic metre of concrete that will be used in 6.1.1 Cement—Cement shall conform to Specification
the manufacture of each class of concrete ordered by the C 150, Specification C 595, or Specification C 1157 (see Note
purchaser. 6). The purchaser shall specify the type or types required, but
5.4 Option C: if no type is specified, the requirements of Type I as prescribed
5.4.1 When the purchaser requires the manufacturer to in Specification C 150 shall apply.
assume responsibility for the selection of the proportions for
the concrete mixture with the minimum allowable cement NOTE 6—These different cements will produce concretes of different
content specified (Note 5), the purchaser shall also specify the properties and should not be used interchangeably.

iTeh Standards
following: 6.1.2 Aggregates—Normal weight aggregates shall conform
5.4.1.1 Required compressive strength as determined on to Specification C 33. Lightweight aggregates shall conform to
samples taken from the transportation unit at the point of Specification C 330 and heavyweight aggregates shall conform
(https://standards.iteh.ai)
discharge evaluated in accordance with Section 18. The pur-
chaser shall specify the requirements for strength in terms of
to Specification C 637.
6.1.3 Water—Water shall conform to Specification C 1602.

Document Preview
tests of standard specimens cured under standard laboratory
conditions for moist curing (see Section 18). Unless otherwise
specified the age at test shall be 28 days.
6.1.4 Mineral Admixtures—Coal fly ash and raw or calcined
natural pozzolan shall conform to Specification C 618 as
applicable.
5.4.1.2 Minimum cement content in bags or pounds per 6.1.5 Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag—Ground
cubic yard [kilograms per cubic metre] of concrete.ASTM C94/C94M-06 granulated blast- furnace slag shall conform to Specification
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/35852cfe-06f8-4b93-b7ee-ba88da157618/astm-c94-c94m-06
5.4.1.3 If admixtures are required, the type, name, and C 989.
dosage to be used. The cement content shall not be reduced 6.1.6 Air-Entraining Admixtures—Air-entraining admix-
when admixtures are used. tures shall conform to Specification C 260 (Note 7).
NOTE 5—Option C can be distinctive and useful only if the designated 6.1.7 Chemical Admixtures—Chemical admixtures shall
minimum cement content is at about the same level that would ordinarily conform to either Specification C 494/C 494M or C 1017/
be required for the strength, aggregate size, and slump specified. At the C 1017M as applicable (Note 7).
same time, it must be an amount that will be sufficient to ensure durability
under expected service conditions, as well as satisfactory surface texture NOTE 7—In any given instance, the required dosage of air-entraining,
and density, in the event specified strength is attained with it. For accelerating, and retarding admixtures may vary. Therefore, a range of
additional information refer to Standard Practice ACI 211.1 and Standard dosages should be allowed which will permit obtaining the desired effect.
Practice 211.2 referred to in Note 4.
7. Tolerances in Slump
5.4.2 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall,
prior to the actual delivery of the concrete, furnish a statement 7.1 Unless other tolerances are included in the project
to the purchaser, giving the dry masses of cement and saturated specifications, the following shall apply.
surface-dry masses of fine and coarse aggregate and quantities, 7.1.1 When the project specifications for slump are written
type, and name of admixture (if any) and of water per cubic as a “maximum” or “not to exceed” requirement:
yard or cubic metre of concrete that will be used in the Specified slump:
manufacture of each class of concrete ordered by the purchaser. If 3 in. [75 mm] If more than 3 in.
He shall also furnish evidence satisfactory to the purchaser that or less [75 mm]
the materials to be used and proportions selected will produce Plus tolerance: 0 0
Minus tolerance: 1 ⁄2 in. [40 mm]
1 2 ⁄2 in. [65 mm]
1
concrete of the quality specified. Whatever strengths are
attained the quantity of cement used shall not be less than the This option is to be used only if one addition of water is
minimum specified. permitted on the job provided such addition does not increase
5.5 The proportions arrived at by Options A, B, or C for the water-cement ratio above the maximum permitted by the
each class of concrete and approved for use in a project shall specifications.

3
C 94/C 94M – 06
TABLE 1 Recommended Total Air Content for Air-Entrained ConcreteA,B
Total Air Content, %
Exposure Nominal Maximum Sizes of Aggregate, in. [mm]
ConditionC ⁄ [9.5]
38 ⁄ [12.5]
12 ⁄ [19.0]
34 1 [25.0] 11⁄2 [37.5] 2 [50.0] 3 [75.0]
Mild 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5
Moderate 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.0 3.5
Severe 7.5 7.0 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5
A
For air-entrained concrete, when specified.
B
Unless exposure conditions dictate otherwise, it is permissible to reduce air contents recommended above by up to 1 % for concretes with specified compressive
strength, f8c, of 5000 psi [35 MPa] or above.
C
For description of exposure conditions, refer to Standard Practice ACI 211.1, Section 6.3.3, with attention to accompanying footnotes.

7.1.2 When the project specifications for slump are not required mass, and the cumulative quantity of cement plus
written as a “maximum” or “not to exceed” requirement: mineral admixtures shall also be within 6 1 % of the required
Tolerances for Nominal Slumps mass. For smaller batches to a minimum of 1 yd3 [1 m3], the
For Specified Slump of: Tolerance
quantity of the cement and the cumulative quantity of cement
plus mineral admixture used shall be not less than the required
2 in. [50 mm] and less 61⁄2 in. [15 mm] amount nor more than 4 % in excess. Under special circum-
More than 2 through 4 in. [50 to 100 mm] 61 in. [25 mm]
More than 4 in. [100 mm] 611⁄2 in. [40 mm] stances approved by the purchaser, cement is permitted to be
measured in bags of standard mass (Note 9). No fraction of a
7.2 Concrete shall be available within the permissible range
bag of cement shall be used unless its mass has been deter-
of slump for a period of 30 min starting either on arrival at the
mined.
job site or after the initial slump adjustment permitted in 12.7,
whichever is later. The first and last 1⁄4 yd3 or 1⁄4 m3 discharged NOTE 9—In the United States the standard mass of a bag of portland
are exempt from this requirement. If the user is unprepared for cement is 94 lb [42.6 kg] 6 3 %.
discharge of the concrete from the vehicle, the producer shall
iTeh Standards
not be responsible for the limitation of minimum slump after 9.2 Aggregate shall be measured by mass. Batch mass
measurements shall be based on dry materials and shall be the
30 min have elapsed starting either on arrival of the vehicle at
required masses of dry materials plus the total mass of moisture
whichever is later. (https://standards.iteh.ai)
the prescribed destination or at the requested delivery time,
(both absorbed and surface) contained in the aggregate. The
quantity of aggregate used in any batch of concrete as indicated
8. Air-Entrained Concrete
Document
8.1 When air-entrained concrete is desired the purchaser
Preview
by the scale shall be within 62 % of the required mass when
the mass is measured in individual aggregate weigh batchers.
shall specify the total air content of the concrete. See Table 1 In a cumulative aggregate weigh batcher, the cumulative
for recommended total air contents (Note 7). weight after each successive weighing shall be within 61 % of
ASTM C94/C94M-06
8.2 The air content of air-entrained concrete when sampled the required cumulative amount up to that point when the scale
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/35852cfe-06f8-4b93-b7ee-ba88da157618/astm-c94-c94m-06
from the transportation unit at the point of discharge shall be is used in excess of 30 % of its capacity. For cumulative
within a tolerance of 6 1.5 of the specified value. weights for less than 30 % of scale capacity, the tolerance shall
8.3 When a preliminary sample taken within the time limits be 60.3 % of scale capacity or 63 % of the required cumula-
of 12.7 and prior to discharge for placement shows an air tive weight, whichever is less.
content below the specified level by more than the allowable 9.3 Mixing water shall consist of water added to the batch,
tolerance in accordance with 8.2, the manufacturer may use ice added to the batch, water occurring as surface moisture on
additional air entraining admixture to achieve the desired air the aggregates, and water introduced in the form of admixtures.
content level, followed by a minimum of 30 revolutions at The added water shall be measured by weight or volume to an
mixing speed, so long as the revolution limit of 12.7 is not
accuracy of 1 % of the required total mixing water. Added ice
exceeded (see Note 8).
shall be measured by weight. In the case of truck mixers, any
NOTE 8—Acceptance sampling and testing in accordance with Practice wash water retained in the drum for use in the next batch of
C 172 is not obviated by this provision. concrete shall be accurately measured; if this proves imprac-
9. Measuring Materials tical or impossible the wash water shall be discharged prior to
loading the next batch of concrete. Total water (including any
9.1 Except as otherwise specifically permitted, cement shall
wash water) shall be measured or weighed to an accuracy of
be measured by mass. When mineral admixtures (including
63 % of the specified total amount.
ground granulated blast-furnace slag, coal fly ash, silica fume,
or other pozzolans) are specified in the concrete proportions, 9.4 Admixtures in powdered form shall be measured by
the cumulative mass is permitted to be measured with cement, mass. Liquid admixtures shall be batched by mass or volume.
but in a batch hopper and on a scale which is separate and Admixtures, except mineral admixtures (see 8.1), measured by
distinct from those used for other materials. The mass of the either mass or volume, shall be batched with an accuracy of
cement shall be measured before mineral admixtures. When 63 % of the total amount required or plus or minus the amount
the quantity of cement exceeds 30 % of the full capacity of the or dosage required for 100 lb [50 kg] of cement, whichever is
scale, the quantity of the cement shall be within 6 1 % of the greater.

4
C 94/C 94M – 06
NOTE 10—Admixture dispensers of the mechanical type capable of truck mixed as described in 12.5, or shrink mixed as described
adjustment for variation of dosage, and of simple calibration, are in 12.4, the volume of mixed concrete shall not exceed 63 % of
recommended. the total volume of the drum or container. When the concrete
10. Batching Plant is central mixed as described in 12.3, the volume of concrete in
the truck mixer or agitator shall not exceed 80 % of the total
10.1 Bins with adequate separate compartments shall be volume of the drum or container. Truck mixers and agitators
provided in the batching plant for fine and for each required shall be equipped with means to readily verify the number of
size of coarse aggregate. Each bin compartment shall be revolutions of the drum, blades, or paddles.
designed and operated so as to discharge efficiently and freely, 11.2 All stationary and truck mixers shall be capable of
with minimum segregation, into the weighing hopper. Means combining the ingredients of the concrete within the specified
of control shall be provided so that, as the quantity desired in time or the number of revolutions specified in 11.5, into a
the weighing hopper is approached, the material shall be shut thoroughly mixed and uniform mass and of discharging the
off with precision. Weighing hoppers shall be constructed so as concrete so that not less than five of the six requirements
to eliminate accumulations of tare materials and to discharge shown in Table A1.1 shall have been met.
fully.
10.2 Indicating devices shall be in full view and near NOTE 12—The sequence or method of charging the mixer will have an
enough to be read accurately by the operator while charging the important effect on the uniformity of the concrete.
hopper. The operator shall have convenient access to all 11.3 The agitator shall be capable of maintaining the mixed
controls. concrete in a thoroughly mixed and uniform mass and of
10.3 Scales shall be considered accurate when at least one discharging the concrete with a satisfactory degree of unifor-
static load test within each quarter of the scale capacity can be mity as defined by Annex A1.
shown to be within 60.2 % of the total capacity of the scale. 11.4 Slump tests of individual samples taken after discharge
10.4 Adequate standard test weights shall be available for of approximately 15 % and 85 % of the load will provide a
checking accuracy. All exposed fulcrums, clevises, and similar quick check of the probable degree of uniformity (Note 13).
working parts of scales shall be kept clean. Beam scales shall These two samples shall be obtained within an elapsed time of
iTeh Standards
be equipped with a balance indicator sensitive enough to show
movement when a weight equal to 0.1 % of the nominal
not more than 15 min. If these slumps differ more than that
specified in Annex A1, the mixer or agitator shall not be used

(https://standards.iteh.ai)
capacity of the scale is placed in the batch hopper. Pointer
travel shall be a minimum of 5 % of the net-rated capacity of
unless the condition is corrected, except as provided in 11.5.
NOTE 13—No samples should be taken before 10 % or after 90 % of the
the largest weigh beam for underweight and 4 % for over-
Document Preview
batch has been discharged. Due to the difficulty of determining the actual
weight. quantity of concrete discharged, the intent is to provide samples that are
10.5 The device for the measurement of the added water representative of widely separated portions, but not the beginning and end
shall be capable of delivering to the batch the quantity required of the load.
within the accuracy required in 9.3. The device shall ASTM C94/C94M-06
be so 11.5 Use of the equipment is permitted when operation with
arranged that the measurements will not be affected by variable a longer mixing time, a smaller load, or a more efficient
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/35852cfe-06f8-4b93-b7ee-ba88da157618/astm-c94-c94m-06
pressures in the water supply line. Measuring tanks shall be charging sequence will permit the requirements of Annex A1 to
equipped with outside taps and valves to provide for checking be met.
their calibration unless other means are provided for readily 11.6 Mixers and agitators shall be examined or their mass
and accurately determining the amount of water in the tank. determined as frequently as necessary to detect changes in
NOTE 11—The scale accuracy limitations of the National Ready Mixed condition due to accumulations of hardened concrete or mortar
Concrete Association Plant Certification meet the requirements of this and examined to detect wear of blades. When such changes are
specification. extensive enough to affect the mixer performance, the proof-
tests described in Annex A1 shall be performed to show
11. Mixers and Agitators whether the correction of deficiencies is required.
11.1 Mixers will be stationary mixers or truck mixers.
Agitators will be truck mixers or truck agitators. 12. Mixing and Delivery
11.1.1 Stationary mixers shall be equipped with a metal 12.1 Ready-mixed concrete shall be mixed and delivered to
plate or plates on which are plainly marked the mixing speed the point designated by the purchaser by means of one of the
of the drum or paddles, and the maximum capacity in terms of following combinations of operations:
the volume of mixed concrete. When used for the complete 12.1.1 Central-Mixed Concrete.
mixing of concrete, stationary mixers shall be equipped with an 12.1.2 Shrink-Mixed Concrete.
acceptable timing device that will not permit the batch to be 12.1.3 Truck-Mixed Concrete.
discharged until the specified mixing time has elapsed. 12.2 Mixers and agitators shall be operated within the limits
11.1.2 Each truck mixer or agitator shall have attached of capacity and speed of rotation designated by the manufac-
thereto in a prominent place a metal plate or plates on which turer of the equipment.
are plainly marked the gross volume of the drum, the capacity 12.3 Central-Mixed Concrete—Concrete that is mixed com-
of the drum or container in terms of the volume of mixed pletely in a stationary mixer and transported to the point of
concrete, and the minimum and maximum mixing speeds of delivery either in a truck agitator, or a truck mixer operating at
rotation of the drum, blades, or paddles. When the concrete is agitating speed, or in nonagitating equipment approved by the

5
C 94/C 94M – 06
purchaser and meeting the requirements of Section 13, shall ments for uniformity of concrete indicated in Annex A1 are not
conform to the following: The mixing time shall be counted met with 100 revolutions of mixing, after all ingredients
from the time all the solid materials are in the drum. The batch including water, are in the drum, that mixer shall not be used
shall be so charged into the mixer that some water will enter in until the condition is corrected, except as provided in 11.5.
advance of the cement and aggregate, and all water shall be in When satisfactory performance is found in one truck mixer, the
the drum by the end of the first one fourth of the specified performance of mixers of substantially the same design and
mixing time. condition of blades are permitted to be regarded as satisfactory.
12.3.1 Where no mixer performance tests are made, the Additional revolutions of the mixer beyond the number found
acceptable mixing time for mixers having capacities of 1 yd3 to produce the required uniformity of concrete shall be at a
[0.76 m3] or less shall be not less than 1 min. For mixers of designated agitating speed.
greater capacity, this minimum shall be increased 15 s for each 12.5.1 Sampling for Uniformity of Concrete Produced in
cubic yard [cubic metre] or fraction thereof of additional Truck Mixers—The concrete shall be discharged at the normal
capacity. operating rate for the mixer being tested, with care being
12.3.2 Where mixer performance tests have been made on exercised not to obstruct or retard the discharge by an incom-
given concrete mixtures in accordance with the testing program pletely opened gate or seal. Separate samples, each consisting
set forth in the following paragraphs, and the mixers have been of approximately 2 ft3 [0.1 m3 approximately] shall be taken
charged to their rated capacity, the acceptable mixing time is after discharge of approximately 15 % and 85 % of the load
permitted to be reduced for those particular circumstances to a (Note 13). These samples shall be obtained within an elapsed
point at which satisfactory mixing defined in 12.3.3 shall have time of not more than 15 min. The samples shall be secured in
been accomplished. When the mixing time is so reduced the
accordance with Practice C 172, but shall be kept separate to
maximum time of mixing shall not exceed this reduced time by
represent specific points in the batch rather than combined to
more than 60 s for air-entrained concrete.
form a composite sample. Between samples, where necessary
12.3.3 Sampling for Uniformity Tests of Stationary to maintain slump, the mixer shall be turned in mixing
Mixers—Samples of concrete for comparative purposes shall
direction at agitating speed. During sampling the receptacle
iTeh Standards
be obtained immediately after arbitrarily designated mixing
times, in accordance with one of the following procedures:
shall receive the full discharge of the chute. Sufficient person-
nel must be available to perform the required tests promptly.

(https://standards.iteh.ai)
12.3.3.1 Alternative Procedure 1—The mixer shall be Segregation during sampling and handling must be avoided.
stopped, and the required samples removed by any suitable
Each sample shall be remixed the minimum amount to ensure
means from the concrete at approximately equal distances from
Document Preview
uniformity before specimens are molded for a particular test.
the front and back of the drum, or
12.3.3.2 Alternative Procedure 2—As the mixer is being 12.6 When a truck mixer or truck agitator is used for
emptied, individual samples shall be taken after discharge of transporting concrete that has been completely mixed in a
approximately 15 % and 85 % of the load. The ASTM method of stationary mixer, any turning during transportation shall be at
C94/C94M-06
the speed designated by the manufacturer of the equipment as
sampling shall provide that the samples are representative of
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/35852cfe-06f8-4b93-b7ee-ba88da157618/astm-c94-c94m-06
widely separated portions, but not from the very ends of the agitating speed.
batch (Note 13). 12.7 When a truck mixer or agitator is approved for mixing
12.3.3.3 The samples of concrete shall be tested in accor- or delivery of concrete, no water from the truck water system
dance with Section 18, and differences in test results for the or elsewhere shall be added after the initial introduction of
two samples shall not exceed those given in Annex A1. Mixer mixing water for the batch except when on arrival at the job
performance tests shall be repeated whenever the appearance site the slump of the concrete is less than that specified. Such
of the concrete or the coarse aggregate content of samples additional water to bring the slump within required limits shall
selected as outlined in this section indicates that adequate be injected into the mixer under such pressure and direction of
mixing has not been accomplished. flow that the requirements for uniformity specified in Annex
12.4 Shrink-Mixed Concrete—Concrete that is first partially A1 are met. The drum or blades shall be turned an additional
mixed in a stationary mixer, and then mixed completely in a 30 revolutions or more if necessary, at mixing speed, until the
truck mixer, shall conform to the following: The time of partial uniformity of the concrete is within these limits. Water shall
mixing shall be minimum required to intermingle the ingredi- not be added to the batch at any later time. Discharge of the
ents. After transfer to a truck mixer the amount of mixing at the concrete shall be completed within 11⁄2 h, or before the drum
designated mixing speed will be that necessary to meet the has revolved 300 revolutions, whichever comes first, after the
requirements for uniformity of concrete as indicated in Annex introduction of the mixing water to the cement and aggregates
A1. Tests to confirm such performance shall be made in or the introduction of the cement to the aggregates. These
accordance with 12.3.3 and 12.3.3.3. Additional turning of the limitations are permitted to be waived by the purchaser if the
mixer, if any, shall be at a designated agitating speed. concrete is of such slump after the 11⁄2-h time or 300-revolution
12.5 Truck-Mixed Concrete—Concrete that is completely limit has been reached that it can be placed, without the
mixed in a truck mixer, 70 to 100 revolutions at the mixing addition of water, to the batch. In hot weather, or under
speed designated by the manufacturer to produce the unifor- conditions contributing to quick stiffening of the concrete, a
mity of concrete indicated in Annex A1. Concrete uniformity time less than 11⁄2 h is permitted to be specified by the
tests shall be made in accordance with 12.5.1 and if require- purchaser.