CLASS: XII PHYSICS

Ch. 4 ! Moving Charges & Magne sm

Syllabus of this chapter for Board Examination

Concept of magnetic field, Oersted's experiment.

Biot - Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop.

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Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire. Straight

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solenoid (only qualitative treatment), force on a moving charge in uniform
magnetic and electric fields.
Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field, force

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between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere, torque
experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field; Current loop as a
magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment, moving coil galvanometer- its
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current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.

❖ Biot-Savart Law & its Applications:

1. How will the magne c eld strength at the centre of the circular coil carrying current
change, if the current through the coil is doubled and the radius of the coil is halved?
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[All India 2001]

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2. Draw the magne c eld lines due to a current carrying loop. [CBSE 2013]
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3. A circular coil of radius R carries a current I. Write the expression for the magne c eld
due to this coil at its centre. Find out the direc on of the eld. [All India 2008C]

4. State Biot-Savart’s law. A current I ows in a conductor

In

placed perpendicular to the plane of the paper. Indicate

the direc on of the magne c eld due to a small element
dl at a point P situated at a distance r from the element as
shown in the gure. [Delhi 2009]

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5. An element Δl = Δx ȋ is placed at the origin and carries a large current I= 10 A (Fig. 4.10).
What is the magne c eld on the y-axis at a distance of 0.5 m. Δx = 1 cm [NCERT]
[Ans: 4 × 10-8 T]

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6. Two iden cal circular loops P and Q, each of radius r and carrying equal currents are kept
in the parallel planes having a common axis passing through O. The direc on of current in
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P is clockwise and in Q is an -clockwise as seen from O which is equidistant from the
loops P and Q. Find the magnitude of the net magne c eld at O. [Delhi 2012]
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7. Two iden cal coils, each of radius ‘R’ and number of turns ‘N’ are lying in perpendicular
planes such that their centres coincide. Find the magnitude and direc on of the resultant
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magne c eld at the centre of the coils, if they are carrying currents I and √3 I
respec vely. [CBSE 2016, 2019] [HOTS]

8. A straight wire of length L is bent into a semi-circular loop. Use Biot- Savart’s law to
deduce an expression for the magne c eld at its centre due to the current I passing
through it. [Delhi 2011C]

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9. Write any two important points of similari es and di erences each between Coulomb’s
law for the electrosta c eld and Biot- Savart’s law for the magne c eld. [CBSE 2015]

10. (i) State Biot- Savart law in vector form expressing the magne c eld due to an element
dl carrying current I at a distance r from the element.

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(ii) Write the expression for the magnitude of the magne c eld at the centre of a

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circular loop of radius r carrying a steady current I. Draw the eld lines due to the
current loop. [All India 2014]

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11. Two very small iden cal circular loop (1) and (2) carrying equal current I are placed
ver cally (with respect to the plane of paper) with their geometrical axis perpendicular to
each other as shown in the gure. Find the magnitude and direc on of the net magne c
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eld produced at the point O. [CBSE 2014]
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12. State Biot-Savart law, giving the mathema cal expression for it. Use this law to derive the
expression for the magne c eld due to a circular coil carrying current at a point along its
axis.
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How does a circular loop carrying current behave as a magnet?

[CBSE 2011, 13, 15, 16]

13.(i) Using Biot-Savart’s law, deduce an expression for the magne c eld on the axis of a
circular current carrying loop.

(ii) Draw the magne c eld lines due to a current carrying loop.

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(iii) A straight wire carrying a current of 12 A is bent into a semi-circular arc of radius 2.0
cm as shown in the gure. What is the magne c eld B at O due to:

(a) straight segments?

(b) the semi-circular arc? [Foreign 2010]

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14. The wire shown in the gure carries a current of 10 A. Determine the magnitude of
magne c eld induc on at the centre O. Given, the radius of the bent coil is 3 cm.
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[Ans: 1.57 × 10-4 T]

15. A circular coil of wire consis ng of 100 turns, each of radius 8.0 cm carries a current of
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0.40 A. What is the magnitude of the magne c eld B at the centre of the coil? [NCERT]
[Ans: 3.14 × 10-4 T]
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16. Two concentric circular coils X and Y of radii 16 cm and 10 cm, respec vely, lie in the
same ver cal plane containing the north to south direc on. Coil X has 20 turns and carries
a current of 16 A; coil Y has 25 turns and carries a current of 18 A. The sense of the
current in X is an clockwise, and clockwise in Y, for an observer looking at the coils facing
west. Give the magnitude and direc on of the net magne c eld due to the coils at their
centre. [NCERT]. [Ans: 1.6 × 10-3 T towards west]

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17. Two concentric coils each of radius equal to 2π cm are placed at right angles to each
other. 3A and 4A are the currents owing in each coil respec vely. Find the magne c
induc on in Wb/m2 at the centre of the coils. [AIEEE 2005] [Ans: 5 × 10-5 T]

18. A wire of length L is bent round in the form of a coil having N turns of same radius. If a

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steady current I ows through it in a clockwise direc on, nd the magnitude and direc on

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of the magne c eld produced at its centre.

19. Use Biot-Savart law to obtain an expression for the magne c eld at the centre of a coil
bent in the form of a square of side ‘2a’ carrying current I .

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20. A closed circuit is in the form of a regular hexagon of side ‘a’. If the circuit current I, what
is the magne c induc on at the centre of the hexagon?
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21. Two insula ng in nitely long conductors carrying currents I1 and I2 lie mutually
perpendicular to each other in the same plane, as shown gure. Find the magne c eld at
the point P(a,b).
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❖ Ampere’s Circuital Law & its applications:

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1. A long straight wire carries a current of 35 A. What is the magnitude of magne c eld B at
a point 20 cm from the wire? [NCERT] [Ans: 3.5 × 10-5 T]

2. A long straight wire in the horizontal plane carries a current of 50 A in north to south
direc on. Give the magnitude and direc on of B at a point 2.5 m east of the wire.
[NCERT] [Ans: 4 × 10-6 T, ver cally upwards]

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3. A horizontal overhead power line carries a current of 90 A in east to west direc on. What
is the magnitude and direc on of the magne c eld due to the current 1.5 m below the
line? [NCERT] [Ans: 1.2 × 10-5 T, towards south]

4. A solenoid of length 0.5 m has a radius of 1 cm and is made up of 500 turns. It carries a

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current of 5 A. What is the magnitude of the magne c eld inside the solenoid?

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[NCERT] [Ans: 6.28 × 10-3 T]

5. Two solenoids having length L and 2L and the number of loops N and 4N both have the
same current, then nd the ra o of the magne c eld. [Ans- 1 : 2]

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6. A closely wound solenoid 80 cm long has 5 layers of windings of 400 turns each. The
diameter of the solenoid is 1.8 cm. If the current carried is 8.0 A, es mate the magnitude
of B inside the solenoid near its centre.
Cl [NCERT]. [Ans: 8π × 10-3 T]

7. A toroid has a core (non-ferromagne c) of inner radius 25 cm and outer radius 26 cm,
around which 3500 turns of a wire are wound. If the current in the wire is 11 A, what is
the magne c eld (a) outside the toroid, (b) inside the core of the toroid, and
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(c) in the empty space surrounded by the toroid. [NCERT]

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[Ans: (a) Zero, (b) 3.0 × 10-2 T , (c) Zero]

8. Figure 4.15 shows a long straight wire of a circular cross-sec on (radius a) carrying steady
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current I. The current I is uniformly distributed across this cross-sec on. Calculate the
magne c eld in the region r < a and r > a.
In

[NCERT, All India 2011, Delhi 2010]

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❖ Lorentz Force, Motion of a charge particle in uniform electric field &
Magnetic field:
1. Use the expression F = q(v × B) to de ne the SI unit of magne c eld.
[Foreign 2014, All India 2010C]

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2. Does a magne c eld exert a force on a sta c charge? Explain.

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3. An electron does not su er any de ec on while passing through a region of a uniform
magne c eld. What is the direc on of magne c eld? [All India 2009]

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4. Under what condi on does an electron moving through a magne c eld experiences
maximum force? [All India 2005]

5. Under what condi on is the force acing on a charge moving through a uniform magne c
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eld is minimum? [Delhi 2016]

6. Two par cles A and B of masses m and 2m have charges q and 2q respec vely. They are
moving with veloci es v1 and v2 respec vely in the same direc on, enters the same
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magne c eld B ac ng normally to their direc on of mo on. If the two forces FA and FB
ac ng on them are in the ra o of 1 : 2, nd the ra o of their veloci es. [Delhi 2011C]
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7. An electron and a proton, moving parallel to each other in the same direc on with equal
momenta, enter into a uniform magne c eld which is at right angles to their veloci es.
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Trace their trajectories in the magne c eld. [All India 2005]

8. A narrow beam of protons and deuterons, each having the same momentum, enters a
region of uniform magne c eld directed perpendicular to their direc on of momentum.
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What would be the ra o of the radii of the circular path described by them?
[Foreign 2011] [Ans- 1 : 1]

9. A current-carrying circular loop lies on a smooth horizontal plane. Can a uniform magne c
eld be set up in such a manner that the loop turns around itself (i.e., turns about the
ver cal axis). [NCERT]

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10. A beam of alpha- par cles projected along +X- axis, experiences a force due to a
magne c eld along the +Y-axis. What is the direc on of the magne c eld?

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[All India 2005, 2008, 2010]. [Ans: Along -Z axis]

11. A proton and an electron travelling along parallel paths enter a region of uniform
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magne c eld, ac ng perpendicular to their paths. Which of them will move in a circular
path with higher frequency? [CBSE 2018] [Ans: Electron]

12.A long straight wire carries a steady current I along the posi ve Y-axis in a coordinate
system. A par cle of charge +Q is moving with a velocity v along the X-axis. In which
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direc on will the par cle experience a force? [CBSE 2013]. [Ans: Along +y axis]
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13. A magne c eld that varies in magnitude from point to point but has a constant
direc on (east to west) is set up in a chamber. A charged par cle enters the chamber and
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travels un-de ected along a straight path with constant speed. What can you say about
the direc on of ini al velocity of the par cle? [NCERT]
[Ans: the ini al velocity of charged par cle is either parallel or an parallel to magne c
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eld B]

14. A par cle of charge q and mass m is moving with velocity v. It is subjected to a uniform
magne c eld B directed perpendicular to its velocity. Show that it describes a circular
path. Write the expression for its radius. [Foreign 2012]

15.A proton and alpha-par cle enter a uniform magne c eld perpendicularly, with the
same speed. How many mes is the me period of the alpha-par cle than that of the

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proton? Deduce an expression for the ra o of the radii of the circular path of the two
par cles. [All India 2000] [Ans: (a) 2 mes, (b) 1 : 2 ]

16. An electron and a proton moving with the same speed enter the same magne c eld
region at right angles to the direc on of the eld. Show the trajectory followed by the two

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par cles in the magne c eld. Also, nd the ra o of the radii of the circular paths which

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the par cles may describe. [Foreign 2010] [Ans: re : rp = 1 : 1840 ]

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17. A point charge is moving with a constant velocity
perpendicular to a uniform magne c eld as shown in the
gure. What should be the magnitude and direc on of the
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electric eld so that the par cle moves un-deviated along

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the same path? [Foreign 2009]

[Ans: E = vB and its direc on is along posi ve Y-axis]
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18. (a) An electron moving horizontally with a velocity of 4 × 104 m/s enters a region of
uniform magne c eld of 10-5 T ac ng ver cally downward as shown in the gure.
Draw its trajectory and nd out the me it takes to come out of the region of magne c
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eld.

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(b) A straight wire of mass 200g and length 1.5m carries a current of 2A. It is suspended in
mid air by a uniform horizontal magne c eld B. What is the magnitude of magne c eld.
[CBSE 2015] [HOTS]. [Ans: (a) 1.78 × 10-6 s, (b) 0.67 T]

19. A charge q is moving along the X-axis with a velocity v is subjected to a uniform magne c

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eld B ac ng along the Z-axis as it crosses the origin O.

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(a) Trace the trajectory of the par cle

(b) Does the charged par cle gain kine c energy as it enters the magne c eld? Jus fy

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your answer. [Delhi 2009]

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20. An electron moves along +x direc on. It enters into a

region of uniform magne c eld directed along –z

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direc on as shown in g. Draw the shape of trajectory

followed by the electron a er entering the eld.

[CBSE 2020]
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21. A par cle of charge q is moving with velocity v in the

presence of crossed electric eld E and magne c eld B as shown. Write the condi on
under which the par cle will con nue moving along x-axis. How would the trajectory of
the par cle be a ected if the electric eld is suddenly switched o ?

[CBSE Sample paper 2018]

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22. (a) Write the expression for the magne c force ac ng on a par cle moving with velocity v
in the presence of magne c eld B.
(b) A neutron an electron and an alpha par cle moving with equal veloci es enter a

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uniform magne c eld going into the plane as shown. Trace their paths in the eld and
jus fy your answer. [CBSE 2016]
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23. Consider the mo on of a charged par cle of mass m and charge q moving with velocity v
in a magne c eld B.
(a) If v is perpendicular to B, then show that it describes a circular path having angular
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frequency (qB/m).
(b) If the velocity v has a component parallel to the magne c eld B, then trace the path
described by the par cle. Jus fy your answer. [All India 2014C]
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24. A uniform magne c eld B is set up along the posi ve X-axis. A par cle of charge q and
mass m moving with a velocity v enters the eld at the origin in XY-plane such that it has
velocity components both along and perpendicular to the magne c eld B. Trace, giving
reason, the trajectory followed by the par cle. Find out the expression for the distance
moved by the par cle along the magne c eld in one rota on. [All India 2011]

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25. (i) A point charge q moving with speed v enters a uniform magne c eld B that is ac ng
into the plane of the paper as shown. What is the path followed by the charge q and in
which plane does it move?

(ii) How does the path followed by the charge get a ected if its velocity has a

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component parallel to B?

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(iii) If an electric eld E is also applied such that the par cle con nues moving along the
original straight line path, what should be the magnitude and direc on of the electric
eld E? [CBSE 2016]

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26. An electron, a proton and an alpha par cle having the same kine c energy are moving in
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circular orbits of radii re, rp, ra respec vely, in a uniform magne c eld B. Find the rela on
between re, rp, ra. [JEE 2018]. [Ans: re < rp = ra.]
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27. A par cle of mass M and charge Q moving with velocity v describe a circular path of
radius R when subjected to a uniform transverse magne c eld of induc on B. Find the
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work done by the eld when the par cle completes one full circle. [JEE 2003] [Ans: Zero]

28. An electron, a proton and a deuteron move in a magne c eld with same momentum
perpendicularly. Find the ra o of radii of their circular paths. [Ans- 1 : 1 : 1]
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29. Two par cles X and Y having equal charges, a er being accelerated through the same
poten al di erence, enter a region of uniform magne c eld and describe circular paths
of radii R1 and R2 respec vely. Find the ra o of the masses of X to that of Y. [Ans: (R1/R2)2 ]

30. A beam of protons with velocity 5.0 × 105 m/s enters a uniform magne c eld of 1 Tesla
at an angle of 530 to the magne c eld. Find the pitch & radius of the helical path taken
by the proton beam. Take, Mass of the proton = 1.67 × 10-27 Kg

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31. An alpha-par cle and a proton of the same kine c energy are in turn allowed to pass
through a magne c eld B, ac ng normal to the direc on of mo on of the par cles.
Calculate the ra o of radii of the circular paths described by them. [CBSE 2019]
[Ans: 1 : 1]

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32. A proton, a deuteron and an alpha par cle, are accelerated through the same poten al
di erence and then subjected to a uniform magne c eld B, perpendicular to the

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direc on of their mo on. Compare (i) their kine c energies, and (ii) if the radius of the
circular path described by proton is 5 cm, determine the radii of the paths described by
deuteron and alpha par cle. [CBSE 2019] [Ans: (i) 1 : 1 : 2 , (ii) 5√2 cm, 5√2 cm]

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33. (a) Obtain the condi on under which an electron does not su er any de ec on while
passing through a magne c eld. Cl
(b) Two protons P and Q moving with the same speed pass through the magne c elds B1
and B2 respec vely, at right angles to the eld direc ons. If |B1| < |B2|, which of the two
protons will describe the circular path of smaller radius? Explain. [CBSE 2019] [Ans: (b) Q
will have smaller radius]
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❖ Magnetic Force on a current-carrying conductor:

1. What is the magnitude of magne c force per unit length on a wire carrying a current of
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8 A and making an angle of 30º with the direc on of a uniform magne c eld of 0.15 T?
[NCERT] [Ans: 0.6 N/m]
2. A square coil of side 10 cm consists of 20 turns and carries a current of 12 A. The coil is
In

suspended ver cally and the normal to the plane of the coil makes an angle of 30o with
the direc on of a uniform horizontal magne c eld of magnitude 0.80 T. What is the
magnitude of torque experienced by the coil? [NCERT] [Ans: 0.96 N-m]
3. A straight horizontal conduc ng rod of length 0.45 m and mass 60 g is suspended by two
ver cal wires at its ends. A current of 5.0 A is set up in the rod through the wires.
(a) What magne c eld should be set up normal to the conductor in order that the
tension in the wires is zero?
(b) What will be the total tension in the wires if the direc on of current is reversed
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keeping the magne c eld same as before. (Ignore the mass of the wires.)
(g = 9.8 m/s2). [NCERT].
[Ans: (a) B= 0.26 T, (b) 1.176 N]

4. (a) A circular coil of 30 turns and radius 8.0 cm carrying a current of 6.0 A is suspended

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ver cally in a uniform horizontal magne c eld of magnitude 1.0 T. The eld lines make

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an angle of 600 with the normal of the coil. Calculate the magnitude of the counter torque
that must be applied to prevent the coil from turning.

(b) Would your answer change, if the circular coil in (a) were replaced by a planar coil of

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some irregular shape that encloses the same area? (All other par culars are also
unaltered.) [NCERT] [Ans: (a) 3.13 N-m (b) No, answer will remain same]

5. (i) A straight wire of mass 200 g and length 1.5 m carries

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a current of 2 A. It is suspended in mid-air by a uniform
horizontal magne c eld B (Fig. 4.3). What is the
magnitude of the magne c eld? [Ans: 0.65 T]
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(ii) If the magne c eld is parallel to the posi ve y-axis and the charged par cle is moving
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along the posi ve x-axis (Fig. 4.4), which way would the Lorentz force be for (a) an
electron (nega ve charge), (b) a proton (posi ve charge).
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[NCERT]
[Ans: (a) Along -z axis, (b) along +z axis]
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❖ Force between parallel wires:
1. Using the concept of force between two in nitely long parallel current carrying
conductors de ne one ampere of current. [All India 2014]

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2. Two long and parallel straight wires A and B carrying currents of 8.0 A and 5.0 A in the

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same direc on are separated by a distance of 4.0 cm. Es mate the force on a 10 cm
sec on of wire A. [NCERT] [Ans: 2× 10-5 N; a rac ve force normal to A towards B]

3. The wires which connect the ba ery of an automobile to its star ng motor carry a current

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of 300 A (for a short me). What is the force per unit length between the wires if they are
70 cm long and 1.5 cm apart? Is the force a rac ve or repulsive? [NCERT]
[Ans: 1.2 N/m, Repulsive force]
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4. A steady current I1 ows through a long straight wire. Another wire carrying steady
current I2 in the same direc on is kept close and parallel to the rst wire. Show with the
help of a diagram, how the magne c eld due to the current I1 exert a magne c force on
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the second wire. Deduce the expression for this force. [All India 2011]
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5. Write the expression for the force experienced by a charge q, moving with a velocity v, in
magne c eld B. Use this expression to

(i) De ne the unit of magne c eld.

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(ii) Obtain an expression for the force experienced by a current carrying wire in a
magne c eld.
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(iii) Using the result obtained in (ii) above, along with the (well known) expression for
the magne c eld due to a long straight current carrying wire, deduce the
expression for the force between two long straight parallel wires carrying currents
I1 and I2 in the same direc on. [CBSE 2012]

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6.

(i) Derive an expression for the force between two long

parallel current carrying conductors.

(ii) Use this expression to de ne SI unit of current.

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(iii) A long straight wire AB carries a current I. A proton P
travels with a speed v, parallel to the wire at a
distance d from it in a direc on opposite to the

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current as shown in the gure. What is the force
experienced by the proton and what is its direc on?
[All India 2010; Foreign 2008] Cl
7. In the adjoining gure, two very long, parallel wires A and B carry currents of 10 A and 20
A respec vely and are at a distance 20 cm apart. If a third wire C (length 15 cm) having a
current of 10 A is placed between them, then how much force will act on C ?

[Ans: 3 × 10-5 N, towards Q]

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8. The gure shows three in nitely log straight

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parallel current carrying conductors. Find the

(i) magnitude and direc on of the net magne c

eld at point A lying on conductor 1.

( i i ) m a g n e c fo rc e o n c o n d u c to r 2 .
[CBSE 2017]

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❖ Magnetic Dipole Moment & torque on the coil:
1. A square coil OPQR of side ‘a’ carrying a current I, is placed
in the Y-Z plane as shown here. Find the magne c moment
associated with this coil. [CBSE 2013]

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2. A par cle of charge q and mass m moves in a circular orbit

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of radius r with angular speed ω. Find the ra o of the
magnitude of its magne c moment to that of its angular momentum.

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3. A wire of length L metre carrying a current I is bent in the form of a circle. Find the
magnitude of its magne c moment.

4. Two wires of same length are shaped into a square and a circle. If they carry same current,
nd the ra o of their magne c moments.
Cl
5. The dipole moment of a circular loop carrying a current I is M and the magnitude eld at
the centre of the loop is B1 . When the dipole moment is doubled by keeping the current
constant, the magne c eld at the centre of the loop is B2 Find the ra o of B1 and B2
e

[JEE 2018] [Ans: √2]

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6. A loop carrying current I lies in the x-y plane as shown in the

gure. The unit vector k is coming out of the plane of

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paper. Find the magne c moment of the current loop.

[JEE 2012]
In

7. A conduc ng circular loop of radius r carries a constant current I. It is placed in a uniform

magne c eld B such that B is parallel to the plane of the loop. Find the magne c torque
ac ng on the loop.

8. Two wires of equal lengths are bent in the form of two loops. One of the loop is square
shaped whereas the other loop is circular. These are suspended in a uniform magne c

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eld and the same current is passed through them. Which loop will experience greater
torque? Give reasons. [All India 2005] [Ans: Circular loop]

9. A circular coil of 100 turns, radius 10 cm carries a current of 5 A. It is suspended ver cally
in a uniform horizontal magne c eld of 0.5 T, the eld lines making an angle of 60ᵒ with

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the plane of coil. Calculate the magnitude of the torque that must be applied on it to

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prevent it from turning. [All India 2004]. [Ans: 3.93 Nm]

10. A square coil of side 10 cm consists of 20 turns and carries a current of 12 A. The coil is
suspended ver cally and the normal to the plane of the coil makes an angle of 30º with

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the direc on of a uniform horizontal magne c eld of magnitude 0.80 T. What is the
magnitude of torque experienced by the coil? [NCERT] [Ans: 0.96 N-m]
Cl
11. A circular coil of 20 turns and radius 10 cm is placed in a uniform magne c eld of 0.10 T
normal to the plane of the coil. If the current in the coil is 5.0 A, what is the
(a) total torque on the coil,
(b) total force on the coil,
(c) average force on each electron in the coil due to the magne c eld?
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(The coil is made of copper wire of cross-sec onal area 10-5 m2, and the free electron
density in copper is given to be about 1029 m-3)
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[NCERT]
[Ans: (a) Zero, (b) Zero, (c) 5 × 10-25 N ]

12. A rectangular loop of wire of size 2.5 cm × 4 cm carries

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steady current of 1A. A straight wire carrying 2 A current

is kept near the loop as shown. If the loop and the wire
are coplanar, nd the (i) torque ac ng on the loop and
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(ii) the magnitude and direc on of the force on the loop

due to the current carrying wire. [Delhi 2012]

[Ans: (a) Zero, (b) 4.44 × 10-7 N, a rac ve force

towards wire]

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13. Deduce the expression for the torque experienced by a rectangular loop carrying a
steady current I and placed in a uniform magne c eld B. Indicate the direc on of the
torque ac ng on the loop. [Foreign 2009]

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❖ Moving Coil galvanometer:

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1. You are given a low resistance R1, a high resistance R2 and a moving coil galvanometer.
Suggest how you would use these to have an instrument that will be able to measure

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(i) Current (ii) Poten al di erence [All India 2004]

2. Can we increase or decrease the range of given ammeter? Cl

3. Can moving coil galvanometer be used to detect an ac in a circuit? Give reason.

4. Write two factors by which voltage sensi vity of a galvanometer can be increased?

5. Write two factors by which current sensi vity of a moving coil galvanometer can be
e

increased?
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6. Why should the spring/ suspension wire in a moving coil galvanometer have low torsional
constant? [All India 2008]

7. Explain, giving reasons, the basic di erence in conver ng a galvanometer into (i) a
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voltmeter and (ii) an ammeter. [CBSE 2013]

8. Why is phosphor Bronze alloy preferred for the suspension wire of a moving coil
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galvanometer? [All India 2006]

9. What is the main func on of a so iron core used in a moving coil galvanometer.

10. De ne current sensi vity and voltage sensi vity of galvanometer. Increasing the current
sensi vity may not necessarily increase the voltage sensi vity of a galvanometer, jusi fy
your answer. [All India 2009]

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11. Which one of the two an ammeter or a milliammeter, has a higher resistance and why?

[All India 2002, 2006]

12. An ammeter of resistance 0.80 Ω can measure current upto 1.0 A.

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(a) What must be the value of shunt resistance to enable the ammeter to measure

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current upto 5.0 A?

(b) What is the combined resistance of the ammeter and the shunt?

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[Delhi 2013] [Ans: (a) 0.2 Ω, (b) 0.16 Ω]

13.
(i) A galvanometer coil has a resistance of 12Ω and the metre shows full scale
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de ec on for a current of 3 mA. How will you convert the metre into a voltmeter
of range 0 to 18 V? [Ans: By adding 5988 Ω resistance in series]
(ii) A galvanometer coil has a resistance of 15Ω and the metre shows full scale
de ec on for a current of 4 mA. How will you convert the metre into an ammeter
of range 0 to 6 A? [NCERT] [Ans: By adding 10 mΩ resistance in parallel]
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14. (a) Brie y explain how a galvanometer is converted into an ammeter. [CBSE 2023]

(b) A galvanometer coil has a resistance of 15 Ω and it shows full scale de ec on for a
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current of 4 mA. Convert it into an ammeter of range 0 to 6 A. [CBSE 2019]

[Ans: (b) By adding 0.01 Ω resistance in parallel]

15. (a) Brie y explain how a galvanometer is converted into a voltmeter.

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(b) A voltmeter of a certain range is constructed by connec ng a resistance of 980 Ω in

series with a galvanometer. When the resistance of 470 Ω is connected in series, the
range gets halved. Find the resistance of the galvanometer. [CBSE 2019]
[Ans: (b) 40 Ω]

16. State the underlying principle of working of a moving coil galvanometer. Write two
reasons why a galvanometer cannot be used as such to measure the current in a given

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circuit. Name any two factors on which the current sensi vity of a galvanometer depends.
[Delhi 2010]

17. (a) With the help of a diagram, explain the principle and working of a moving coil
galvanometer.

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(b) What is the importance of a radial magne c eld and how is it produced?
(c) Why is it that while using a moving coil galvanometer as a voltmeter a high resistance

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in series in required whereas in an ammeter a shunt is used? [All India 2010; Delhi 2009]

18. State the principle of working of a galvanometer. A galvanometer of resistance G is

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converted into a voltmeter to measure upto V volts by connec ng a resistance R1 in series
with the coil. If a resistance R2 is connected in series with it, then it can measure upto V/2
volts. Find the resistance, in terms of R1 and R2, required to be connected to convert it
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into a voltmeter that can read upto 2V. Also, nd the resistance G of the galvanometer in
terms of R1 and R2. [Delhi 2015] [Ans: R3 = 3R1 - 2R2 , G = R1 - 2R2 ]

19. To convert a given galvanometer into a voltmeter of ranges 2V, V and V/2 volt, resistance
R1, R2 and R3 ohm respec vely, are required to be connected in series with the
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galvanometer. Obtain the rela onship between R1, R2 and R3. [CBSE 2020]
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20. A mul range voltmeter can be constructed by

using a galvanometer circuit as shown in Fig. We
want to construct a voltmeter that can measure
2V, 20V and 200V using a galvanometer of
sp

resistance 10Ω and that produces maximum

de ec on for current of 1 mA. Find R1, R2 and
R3 that have to be used.
In

[NCERT Exemplar, CBSE Sample Paper 2018].

[Ans: 1990 Ω (Approx. 2kΩ), 18 kΩ, 180 kΩ ]

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❖ Mul ple Choice Ques ons (MCQs):-
1. If a conduc ng wire carries a direct current through it, the magne c eld associated
with the current will be____________.

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(a) both inside and outside the conductor

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(b) neither inside nor outside the conductor

(c) only outside the conductor

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(d) only inside the conductor

2. A current carrying loop is placed in a uniform magne c eld. The torque ac ng on it

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does not depend upon the :

(a) Shape of the loop (b) area of the loop

(c) value of the current (d) magne c eld

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3. An electron is released from rest in a region of uniform electric and magne c elds
ac ng parallel to each other. The electron will [CBSE 2020]
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(a) move in a straight line (b) move in a circle

(c) remain sta onary (d) move in a helical path

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4. Biot-Savart law indicates that the moving electrons (velocity v) produce a magne c
eld B such that [NCERT Exemplar]
In

(a) B is perpendicular to v

(b) B is parallel to v

(c) it obeys inverse cube law

(d) it is along the line joining the electron and point of observa on

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5. An electron is projected with uniform velocity along the axis of a current carrying
long solenoid. Which of the following is true? [NCERT Exemplar]

(a) The electron will be accelerated along the axis

(b) The electron path will be circular about the axis

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(c) The electron will experience a force at 450 to the axis and hence execute a helical
path

(d) The electron will con nue to move with uniform velocity along the axis of the

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solenoid.

6. A region has a uniform magne c eld in it. A proton enters into the region with
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velocity making an angle of 450 with the direc on of the magne c eld. In this region
the proton will move on a path having the shape of a [CBSE 2020]

(a) Straight line (b) circle (c) spiral (d) helix

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7. An isosceles right angled current carrying loop PQR is placed in a uniform magne c
eld B poin ng along PR. If the magne c force ac ng on the arm PQ is F, then the
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magne c force which acts on the arm QR will be [CBSE 2020]

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(a) F (b) F/√2 (c) √2F (d) —F

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8. A current of 10A is owing east to west in a long straight wire kept on a horizontal
table. The magne c eld developed at a distance of 10 cm due north on the table is:

[CBSE 2020]

(a) 2 × 10-5 T, ac ng downwards (b) 2 × 10-5 T, ac ng upwards

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(c) 4 × 10-5 T, ac ng downwards (d) 4 × 10-5 T, ac ng upwards

9. An electron and a proton are moving along the same direc ons with the same kine c

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energy. They enter a uniform magne c eld ac ng perpendicular to their veloci es.
The dependence of radius of their paths on their masses is : [CBSE 2020]

(a) r ∝ m (b) r ∝ √m (c) r ∝ 1/m (d) r ∝ 1/√m

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10. A charge par cle a er being accelerated through a poten al di erence ‘V’ enters in
a uniform magne c eld and moves in a circle of radius r. If V is doubled, the radius of
the circle will become
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(a) 2r (b) √2r (c) 4r (d) r/√2

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11. The coil of a moving coil galvanometer is wound over a metal frame in order to

[CBSE Sample Ques on Paper (2021-22)]

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(a) reduce hysteresis (b) increase sensi vity

(c) increase moment of iner a (d) provide electromagne c damping

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12. The current sensi vity of a galvanometer increases by 20%. If its resistance also
increases by 25%, the voltage sensi vity will

(a) decrease by 1% (b) increase by 5%

(c) increase by 10% (d) decrease by 4%

[CBSE Sample Ques on Paper (2021-22)]

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13. Three in nitely long parallel straight current carrying wires A,
B and C are kept at equal distance from each other as shown in
the gure. The wire C experiences net force F. The net force on
wire C ,when the current in wire A is reversed will be

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(a) zero (b) F/2 (c) F (d) 2F

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[CBSE Sample Ques on Paper (2021-22)]

14. Two parallel conductors carrying current of 4 A and 10 A are placed 2.5 cm apart in

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vacuum. The force per unit length between them is [CBSE 2021-22 (TERM-1 Exam)]

(a) 6.4 × 10-5 N/m (b) 6.4 × 10-2 N/m

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(c) 4.6 × 10-4 N/m (d) 3.2 × 10-4 N/m

15. If an ammeter is to be used in place of a voltmeter, then we must connect with the
ammeter a [CBSE 2021-22 (TERM-1 Exam)]
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(a) low resistance in parallel (b) low resistance in series

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(c) high resistance in parallel (d) high resistance in series

16. Two wires carrying currents I1 and I2 lie, one slightly

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above the other, in a horizontal plane as shown in

gure. The region of ver cally upward strongest
magne c eld is
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[CBSE 2021-22 (TERM-1 Exam)]

(a) I (b) II (c) III (d) IV

17. The magne c eld at the centre of a current carrying

circular loop of radius R, is B1. The magne c eld at a point on its axis at a distance R
from the centre of the loop is B2. Then the ra o (B1/B2) is
[CBSE 2021-22 (Term-1 Exam)]

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(a) 2√2 (b) 1/√2 (c) √2 (d) 2

18. A current carrying wire kept in a uniform magne c eld, will experience a maximum
force when it is [CBSE 2021-22 (Term-1 Exam)]

(a) perpendicular to the magne c eld

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(b) parallel to the magne c eld

(c) at an angle of 450 to the magne c eld

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(d) at an angle of 600 to the magne c eld

19. A straight conduc ng rod of length L and mass m is suspended in a horizontal plane
by a pair of exible strings in a magne c eld of magnitude B. To remove the
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tension in the suppor ng strings, the magnitude of the current in the wire is :

[CBSE 2021-22 (Term-1 Exam)]

(a) mgB/L (b) mgL/B (c) mg/LB (d) LB/mg

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20. A proton and an alpha par cle move in circular orbits in a uniform magne c eld.
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Their speeds are in the ra o of 9 : 4. The ra o of radii of their circular orbits (rp/ralpha)
is :
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(a) 3/4 (b) 4/3 (c) 8/9 (d) 9/8

21. In an ammeter, 10% of main current is passing through the galvanometer. If the
resistance of the galvanometer is G, then the shunt resistance (in ohm) is :
In

(a) 9G (b) G/9 (c) 90G (d) G/90

22. A charge q is moving in a magne c eld then the magne c force does not depend
upon

(a) mass (b) velocity (c) charge (d) magne c eld

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23. Beams of electrons and protons move parallel to each other in the same direc on.
They [CBSE 2023]

(a) a ract each other (b) repel each other

(c) neither a ract nor repel

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(d) force of a rac on or repulsion depends upon speed of beams

24. A long straight wire of radius ‘a’ carries a steady current ‘I’. The current is uniformly
distributed across its area of cross-sec on. The ra o of magnitude of magne c eld

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B1 at a/2 and B2 at distance 2a is [CBSE 2023]

(a) 1/2 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4

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25. A par cle of mass ‘m’ and charge ‘q’ is moving with velocity = vx i + vy j. If it is
subjected to a magne c eld B = B0 I , it will move in a— [CBSE 2024]

(a) straight line path (b) circular path

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(c) helical path (d) parabolic path

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26. Two long straight parallel conductors A and B, kept at a distance r, carry current I in
opposite direc ons. A third iden cal conductor C, kept at a distance (r/3) from A
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carry current I1 in the same direc on as in A. The net magne c force on unit length
of C is [CBSE 2024]

(a) (3μ0I I1 /2πr), towards A (b) (3μ0I I1 /2πr), towards B

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(c) (3μ0I I1 /4πr), towards A (d) (3μ0I I1 /4πr), towards B

MCQs Ans: - [1. (c) , 2. (a) , 3. (a) , 4. (a) , 5. (d) , 6. (d) , 7. (d) , 8. (a) , 9. (b) ,10. (b) ,
11. (d) , 12. (d) , 13. (a) , 14. (d) , 15. (d) , 16. (b), 17. (a), 18. (a), 19. (c), 20. (d),
21. (b), 22. (a), 23. (b), 24. (b), 25. (), 26. ()]
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Ques ons asked in CBSE 2024 Exams

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