Fall 2023

Chemical Engineering
Laboratory
CHE 435
Week 5
Equipment for Transportation of Fluids
Week 5

22-Oct-23 2
Learning Outcome
Simulating equipment transportation of fluids:
• Piping and Hydraulics:
• Pipe
• Pressure Changers
• Valve
• Pump
• Compressor
• Expander (Turbine)

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Course overview (Main topics)
Section 1: Fundamentals Section 2: Steady state Section 3: Dynamics
Introduction to process Steady state modelling Dynamic modelling &
design & simulations simulations

Introduction to process
Mixing Operations Dynamic
Dynamic CSTR
tank model
model
modelling & simulation

Introduction to Aspen
HYSYS Transportation of fluids Control operations

Thermodynamics & physical Heat transfer

properties in process simulation Monitoring in dynamics
operations

Flowsheets and unit Reactor

operations operations

Separation
22-Oct-23 Plantwide processes 4
operations
Simulation of Fluid Transport Equipment
• Simulates pipes, valves, pumps,
and compressors.
• Optimizes system design by
analyzing pressure drop, flow rate,
and other properties.
• Improves energy efficiency and
reduces operating costs.
• Ensures safe and reliable operation

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Design creating and configuring process simulations.
Rating determining equipment design parameters based on
process conditions and requirements.
Worksheet displaying and analyzing process data in tabular format.
Performance evaluating the efficiency and effectiveness of a process
simulation.

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Pump
• Device that transfers liquids by increasing pressure.
• Main types: centrifugal and positive displacement.
• Efficiency of a pump is the ratio of the energy output
to the energy input.
𝐵𝐸: (𝑃 + 1/2 𝜌𝑣 2 + 𝜌𝑔ℎ = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡)
• Main Equations for Pump Simulation:
• Bernoulli Equation (BE)
• Head-Capacity Curve Equation
• Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH):
• Measures the required pressure at the pump inlet to
prevent cavitation
• Calculated as the difference between absolute pressure
and vapor pressure of the fluid

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Compressor
• Device that increase the gas pressure by reducing its volume.
• Types: centrifugal and reciprocating compressors.
• Efficiency of a compressor is the ratio of the energy output to
the energy input.
Reciprocating Centrifugal
• Adiabatic Efficiency - measures a compressor's ability to
Compressor Compressor
convert input work into pressure and temperature increase
without heat exchange with surroundings.
• Polytropic Efficiency - takes into account the heat exchange
between the system and its surroundings
• Heat duty: the amount of heat transferred to or from the
compressed fluid during the compression process
• Adiabatic: no heat exchange with surrounding
• Polytropic: multiple stages or changes in P, T, and V.
• Isentropic: no change in entropy
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Expander (Turbine)
• Device that converts gas energy into mechanical energy
by the rotation of blades.
• Types: steam, gas, and hydraulic.
• Efficiency: measures how much energy is converted
from the fluid into mechanical work.
• Isentropic Efficiency - measures a turbine's ability to convert
input fluid energy into mechanical work without any losses.
• Polytropic Efficiency - takes into account the heat exchange
between the system and its surroundings.
• Heat duty: the amount of heat transferred from the fluid
during the expansion process.
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Pipe
• Segment length: distance between two points in the pipe
where the fluid properties can be considered constant.
• Valves used in process simulations: segment valves and
control/relief valves
• Segment valves: valves in the middle of a pipe segment to
allow or restrict flow to control or to isolate sections of a
process for maintenance or shutdown. (e.g.: globe, gate, and
ball valves)
• Duty: the amount of heat transfer required by the system
and can be calculated using the heat transfer equation.
• Fittings: such as valves and bends, can affect the pressure
drop in the pipe and need to be accurately modeled.
• Overall HTC (heat transfer coefficient) is a critical parameter
that affects the efficiency of the system.
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Control Valve
• Control valves: regulate flow of fluid in a pipe or
process, based on a set of control parameters such
as pressure, temperature, or flow rate.
• Relief valves (safety valves): protect equipment
from overpressure by releasing excess pressure.
• Control Valve characteristics:
• valve opening
• pressure drop
• flow coefficient (Cv).

Cv: flow rate of water at 60°F (15.6°C) in US gallons per minute that
passes through the valve with a pressure drop of 1 psi across the valve
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PC Lab Assignment

Practice HYSYS
Equipment for mixing and transportation of fluids

22-Oct-23 12
Ex1-Pipe
Water flows through a mild steel horizontal pipe (pipe schedule 40,
inner diameter 77.9272 mm, 100 m long) at a flow rate of 1000
kmole/h at 30 ◦C and 100 kPa. The average ambient temperature is 25
◦C, and Profes correlation for heat transfer calculation can be
employed. Using the model, develop temperature and pressure profiles
along the pipe length. (FP: ASME Steam)

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Ex1-Pipe

1 3
2

5 6
4

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Ex1-Pipe

7 8

10

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Ex2: Control Valve
2000 kg/h of methanol/water solution (95 mol% M, 5 mol% W) at 25 °C
and 800 kPa is passed at a control valve that has a pressure drop of 250
kPa. Find the simulation sizing of the valve.

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Ex2: Control Valve

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Ex3-Pump
Pressurize a stream of water from 1 atm and 40 °C to 2 atm. In this
example, the non-random two-liquid (NRTL) fluid package is used, with
a mass flow rate of 10 m3/h and a water mole fraction of 1.
1) Plot the flowsheet
2) Calculate the energy required by the pump, assuming its adiabatic
efficiency is 75%.
3) Calculate the NPSH

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Ex3-Pump
1) Flowsheet

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Ex3-Pump
2) Pump’s Energy

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Ex3-Pump
3) NPSH

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Ex4- Compressor and Turbine
A single-stage, adiabatic compressor takes in 1 kg/s of air at 1
atm and 25°C and compresses it to 10 atm. The compressor
has an adiabatic efficiency of 80%. The compressed air then
enters a turbine, where it expands to 1 atm. The turbine has
an isentropic efficiency of 90%. (Use PR as a fluid package)

What is the net Duty required for the compressor-turbine

system?

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Ex4- Compressor and Turbine

2
1

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Ex4- Compressor and Turbine

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Ex4- Compressor and Turbine

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Ex4- Compressor and Turbine

22-Oct-23 26
Ex4- Compressor and Turbine

Net required power (duty) = 349 - 281 = 68 kW

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