PROF. FANINDRA F.

KATRE GNIT NAGPUR STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD FOR TRUSS

UNIT
stiffness matrix
5 method for Truss
STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD FOR TRUSS
-:: SYLLABUS ::-
 Formulation of elemental/local stiffness matrix and global stiffness matrix for plane truss.
 Transformation Matrix,
 Assembly of Global/ Structural stiffness matrix up to (8x8).
 Assembly of Global/ Structure load matrix,
 Solution to problems with maximum degree of freedom three.

Stiffness Matrix Method:-

Question 1. [RTMNU, WIN-2017, 2016]

Derive the stiffness matrix for Truss element. 4.
OR
[RTMNU, SUM-2017]
Derive the structure stiffness matrix for the prismatic plane truss element. 7.
Ans. Stiffness matrix for truss member in Local Axis
Let, i and j are two end node of truss member
Let,1 = Horizontal direction at node i
2 = Vertical direction at node i
3 = Horizontal direction at node j
4 = Vertical direction at node j
Case-I:- Unit displacement is imposed at node i along x-axis. Considering other end is fixed.
i.e.
u1 = u2 = u4 = 0
AE
F11  u1
L
F21  0  u1
AE
F31   u1
L
F41  0  u1
Case-II:- Unit displacement is imposed at node i along y-axis. Considering other end is fixed.
i.e.
U1 = u2 = u4 = 0
F21  0  u2
F22  0  u2
F32  0  u2
F42  0  u2
Case-III:- Unit displacement is imposed at node j along x-axis. Considering other end is fixed.
i.e.
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 9584319113 1
PROF. FANINDRA F. KATRE GNIT NAGPUR STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD FOR TRUSS
u1 = u2 = u4 = 0
AE
F31   u3
L
F23  0  u3
AE
F33  u3
L
F43  0  u3
Case-IV:- Unit displacement is imposed at node j along y-axis. Considering other end is fixed.
i.e.
u1 = u2 = u3 = 0
F14  0  u4
F24  0  u4
F34  0  u4
F44  0  u4
As practically it is not possible that at a time any all other nodes are fixed, hence assembling
all the cases we have,
 AE AE 
    0  0
 1   11 12
f F F F F14  L L u1 
 f  F  F  F  F    
13

 2   21 24   0 0 0 0  u 2 
  
22 23
 u 
 f 3   F31  F32  F33  F34    AE 0 AE
0  3
 f 4   F41  F42  F43  F44   L L  u4 
 0 0 0 0 
In short  f    k   u
Where, [f] = Force nodal matrix in local axis
[k] = Stiffness matrix in local axis for truss member
{u} = Displacement matrix
Problem 1. [RTMNU, WIN-2017]
Determine the forces in member of given truss shown in fig. Given E =
8000kN/cm2, A = 6cm2 for all members.

Solution:-
Step-I] Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement:-
Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement are shown in figure

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 9584319113 2

PROF. FANINDRA F. KATRE GNIT NAGPUR STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD FOR TRUSS

Step-II] Degree of Freedom:-

DOF = 2j – R = 2 x 4 – 6 = 2
Step-III] Formation of Member Stiffness Matrix:-
C x2 C x C y  C x2  C x C y 
 
AE C x C y C y
2
 C x C y  C y2 
K  
L  C x2  C x C y C x2 CxC y 
 
 C x C y  C y
2
CxC y C y2 
Member AD
4
1  tan 1  
 3
1  53.13
LAD  32  42  5
Cx  cos  cos53.13  0.6
C y  s in  sin 53.13  0.8
A1 E1 6  8000
  9600kN / m
LAD 5
The stiffness matrix for AD
 0.36 0.48  0.36  0.48 
 0.48 0.64  0.48  0.64 
K AD  9600 
 0.36  0.48 0.36 0.48 
 
 0.48  0.64 0.48 0.64 
3456 4608  3456  4608 
 4608 6144  4608  6144 
K AD 
3456  4608 3456 4608 
 
 4608  6144 4608 6144 
Member BD
 4 
2  tan 1  
 1.5 
 2  69.44

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 9584319113 3

PROF. FANINDRA F. KATRE GNIT NAGPUR STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD FOR TRUSS
LBD  4  1.5  4.272m
2 2

Cx  cos  cos 69.44  0.351

Cy  s in  sin 69.44  0.936
A2 E2 6  8000
  11235.95kN / m
LBD 4.2720
The stiffness matrix for BD
0.123 0.3287  0.123  0.3287 
0.3287 0.8767  0.3287  0.8767 
K BD  11235.95 
 0.123  0.8767 0.123 0.8767 
 
 0.3287  0.8767 0.3287 0.8767 
1385.254 3694.011  1385.254  3694.011 
3694.011 9850.695  3694.011  9850.695 
K BD  
 1385.254  3694.011 1385.254 3694.011 
 
 3694.011  9850.695 3694.011 9850.695 
Member CD
4
3  tan 1  
 2
3  63.43
LCD  42  22  4.472m
Cx  cos  cos 63.43  0.447
C y  s in  sin  63.43  0.894
A3 E3 6  8000
  10733.126kN / m
LCD 4.472
The stiffness matrix for CD
0.2  0.4  0.2  0.4 
 0.4 0.8 0.4  0.8 
K CD  10733.126 
 0.2 0.4 0.2  0.4 
 
0.4  0.8  0.4 0.8 

Step-IV] Formation of Global Stiffness Matrix:

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 9584319113 4

PROF. FANINDRA F. KATRE GNIT NAGPUR STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD FOR TRUSS
U1 V1 U2 V2 U3 V3 U4 V4
6987.879 4008.76  3456  4608  1385.254  3694.011  2146.625 4293.251 U1  U1   F1 X 
 4008.76 24581.196  4608  6144  3694.011  9850.695  4293.251 8586.501 V1  V1   F1Y 

 3456  4608 3456 4608 0 0 0 0 U 2  U 2   F2 X 
    
 4608  6144 4608 6144 0 0 0 0 V2  V2   F2Y 
K  
1385.254  3694.011 0 0 1385.254 3694.011 0 0 U 3  U 3   F3 X 
    
 3694.011  9850.695 0 0 3694.011 9850.695 0 0 V3  V3   F3Y 
    
 2146.625 4293.251 0 0 0 0 2146.879  4293.251 U 4  U 4   F4 X 
 4293.251  8586.501 0  4293.251 8586.501 V4  V4   F4Y 
 0 0 0

Step-V] Boundary Condition:- Apply the boundary conditions and the force acting on the
truss
U2=V2=0, U3=V3=0, U4=V4=0
F1X= 0, F1X=0

6987.879 4008.76  U1  0

K      
 4008.76 24581.196 V1  0
6987.879U1 + 4008.76V1 = 0 …..(i)
4008.76U1 + 24581.196V1 = 0 …..(ii)
U1 = 0, V1 = 0
Step-VI] Determination of Stress at each Element:-
U1 
V 
E
 AD  C x Cy  Cx C y   1 
L U 2 
 
V2 
 0.067 
 0.187 
200  103
 AD   0.6  0.8 0.6 0.8 
 0


750
 
 0 

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 9584319113 5

PROF. FANINDRA F. KATRE GNIT NAGPUR STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD FOR TRUSS
 BD  13.48N / mm 2

 CD  30.93N / mm2

Member AD
Member BD
Member CD
Step-IV] Formation of Global Stiffness Matrix:-

Step-V] Formation of Global load Matrix:-

Step-VI] Boundary Condition:-

Step-VII] Determination of Primary Unknown:-

 f   k   u

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 9584319113 6

PROF. FANINDRA F. KATRE GNIT NAGPUR STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD FOR TRUSS

Step-VIII] Determination of Secondary Unknown:-

 f m   k m  um
Member AD

Member BD

Member CD

Problem 2. [RTMNU, WIN-2018]

Determine the final member forces for the truss shown in below fig. by stiffness
method. A = 200mm2, E = 8000kN/mm2.

Solution:-
Step-I] Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement:-
Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement are shown in figure
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 9584319113 7
PROF. FANINDRA F. KATRE GNIT NAGPUR STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD FOR TRUSS

Step-II] Degree of Freedom:-

DOF = 2j – R = 2 x 4 – 6 = 2
Step-III] Formation of Member Stiffness Matrix:-

Member AD
3
  tan-1   = 36.87
4
Cx = cos   cos36.87 = 0.8
Cy = sin   sin 36.87 = 0.6
L 33  42 = 5m = 5000mm,
A = 200mm2,
E = 8000KN/mm2.
AE 200  8000
  320kN / mm
L 5000

Member BD
 0
Cx = cos   cos0 = 1
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 9584319113 8
PROF. FANINDRA F. KATRE GNIT NAGPUR STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD FOR TRUSS
Cy = sin   sin 0 = 0
L = 4m = 4000mm,
A = 200mm2,
E = 8000KN/mm2.
AE 200  8000
  400kN / mm
L 4000

Member CD
3
  tan-1   = 36.87
4
Cx = cos   cos(-36.87) = 0.8
Cy = sin   sin (-36.87) = -0.6
L 33  42 = 5m = 5000mm,
A = 200mm2,
E = 8000KN/mm2.
AE 200  8000
  320kN / mm
L 5000

Step-IV] Formation of Global Stiffness Matrix:-

Step-V] Formation of Global load Matrix:-

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 9584319113 9

PROF. FANINDRA F. KATRE GNIT NAGPUR STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD FOR TRUSS

Step-VII] Determination of Primary:-

Unknown
 f   ku
u  k  f 
1

Step-VIII] Determination of Primary Unknown:-

 F m   k m u m
Member AD

Force in Member AD

Member BD

Force in Member BD

Member CD

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 9584319113 10

PROF. FANINDRA F. KATRE GNIT NAGPUR STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD FOR TRUSS
Force in Member CD

Step-VIII] Representation of Result:-

Problem 00. Problem for Practice. [RTMNU, SUM-2018]

Calculate the force in member, if member BD is longer than its theoretical length,
e=2 mm. (Refer below fig.). 7.

Problem 00. Problem for Practice. [RTMNU, WIN-2016]

Determine the forces in member of given truss shown in below fig. Given EAB = EAD =
8000kN/cm2, EAC = 2000kN/cm2, Area of each member 6cm2. 10.

Problem 3.
For the plane truss shown in below fig. Determine the horizontal and vertical

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 9584319113 11

PROF. FANINDRA F. KATRE GNIT NAGPUR STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD FOR TRUSS
displacement of the nodes and stress in each element have E=200GPa and
A=200mm2.

Solution:- E=200GPa = 200 x 103N/mm2

A=200mm2.
Step-I] Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement:-
Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement are shown in figure

Step-II] Degree of Freedom:-

DOF = 2j – R = 2 x 3 – 4 = 2
L  4000  0   0  0  4000
2 2

X 2  X1
l1 
L
4000  0
l1  1
4000
Y Y
m1  2 1
L
00
m1  0
4000
L  0  4000  3000  0  5000
2 2

X 2  X1
l2 
L
0  4000
l2   0.8
5000
Y Y
m2  2 1
L

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 9584319113 12

PROF. FANINDRA F. KATRE GNIT NAGPUR STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD FOR TRUSS
3000  0
m2   0.6
5000
Step-III] Formation of Member Stiffness Matrix:-
C x2 C x C y  C x2  C x C y 
 
AE C x C y C y
2
 C x C y  C y2 
K  
L  C x2  C x C y C x2 CxC y 
 
 C x C y  C y
2
CxC y C y2 
Member AB
1  180

LAB   4000  0   0  0  4000

2 2

Cx  cos  cos180  1
C y  s in  sin180  0
A1 E1 200  200  103
  10  103 N / mm
LAD 4000
The stiffness matrix for AB
1 0 1 0 
0 0 0 0 
K AB  10  103 
 1 0 1 0
 
0 0 0 0
10 0  10 0
0 0 0 0 
K AB  103 
 10 0 10 0
 
 0 0 0 0
Member AC
 3000 
2  tan 1  
 4000 
 2  36.37

LAC   0  4000   3000  0  5000

2 2

Cx  cos  cos36.37  0.8

C y  s in  sin 36.87  0.6
A2 E2 200  200  103
  8000 N / mm
LAC 5000
The stiffness matrix for AC
0.64 0.48  0.64  0.48 
0.48 0.36  0.48  0.36 
K AC  8000 
 0.64  0.48 0.64 0.48 
 
 0.48  0.36 0.48 0.36 

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 9584319113 13

PROF. FANINDRA F. KATRE GNIT NAGPUR STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD FOR TRUSS
 5.12 3.84  5.12  3.84 
 2.88  3.84  2.88 
3  3.84
K AC  10
 5.12  3.84 5.12 3.84 
 
 3.84  2.88 3.84 2.88 
Step-IV] Formation of Global Stiffness Matrix Equation:-
U1 V1 U2 V2 U3 V3
10 0  10 0 0 0 U1  U1   F1 X 
0 0 0 0 0 0 V1  V1   F1Y 

 10 0 10  5.12 0  3.84  5.12  3.84 U 2  U 2   F2 X 
K  103      
0 0 0  3.84 0  2.88  3.84  2.88 V2  V2   F2Y 
0 0  5.12  3.84 5.12 3.84 U 3  U 3   F3 X 
    
 0 0  3.84  2.88 3.84 2.88 V3  V3   F3Y 
Step-V] Boundary Condition:- Apply the boundary conditions and the force acting on the
truss
U1=V1=0, U3=V3=0
F2Y=-10x103N, F2Y=0

15.12 3.84 U 2   0 
K  103   V   10 10
3

 3.84 2.88  2   
5.12U2 + 3.84V2 = 0 …..(i)
3.84U2 + 2.88V2 = 10 …..(ii)
From equation (i) and (ii), we get
U2 = -1.33, V2 = 5.52

Problem 4.
For the plane truss shown in below fig. Determine the horizontal and vertical
displacement of the nodes and stress in each element have E=200GPa and
A=250mm2.

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 9584319113 14

PROF. FANINDRA F. KATRE GNIT NAGPUR STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD FOR TRUSS

Solution:- E=200GPa = 200 x 103N/mm2

A=250mm2.
Step-I] Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement:-
Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement are shown in figure

Step-II] Degree of Freedom:-

DOF = 2j – R = 2 x 4 – 6 = 2
Step-III] Formation of Member Stiffness Matrix:-
C x2 C x C y  C x2  C x C y 
 
AE C x C y C y
2
 C x C y  C y2 
K  
L  C x2  C x C y C x2 CxC y 
 
 C x C y  C y
2
CxC y C y2 
Member AD
1  90  
 450 
1  90  tan 1  
 600 
1  126.87
LAD  4502  6002  750mm
Cx  cos  cos126.87  0.6
Cy  s in  sin126.87  0.8
A1 E1 250  200  103
  0.67  103 N / mm
LAD 750
The stiffness matrix for AD

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 9584319113 15

PROF. FANINDRA F. KATRE GNIT NAGPUR STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD FOR TRUSS
0.36  0.48  0.36 0.48 
 0.48  0.64 
3  0.48 0.64
K AD  0.67  10
 0.36 0.48 0.36  0.48 
 
0.48  0.64  0.48 0.64 
Member BD
 600 
2  tan 1  
 800 
 2  36.37
LBD  8002  6002  1000mm
Cx  cos  cos36.37  0.8
C y  s in  sin 36.87  0.6
A2 E2 250  200  103
  0.5  105 N / mm
LBD 1000
The stiffness matrix for BD
0.64 0.48  0.64  0.48 
0.48 0.36  0.48  0.36 
K BD  0.5  105 
 0.64  0.48 0.64 0.48 
 
 0.48  0.36 0.48 0.36 
Member CD
 600 
3  tan 1  
 450 
3  53.13
LCD  4502  6002  750mm
Cx  cos  cos53.13 
Cy  s in  sin 53.13 
A3 E3 250  200 103
  0.67  103 N / mm
LCD 750
The stiffness matrix for CD
0.36 0.48  0.36  0.48 
0.48 0.64  0.48  0.64 
K CD  0.67  103 
 0.36  0.48 0.36 0.48 
 
 0.48  0.64 0.48 0.64 
Step-IV] Formation of Global Stiffness Matrix:-

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 9584319113 16

PROF. FANINDRA F. KATRE GNIT NAGPUR STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD FOR TRUSS
U1 V1 U2 V2 U3 V3 U4 V4
0.8 0.24  0.24 0.32  0.32  0.24  0.24  0.32 U1  U1   F1 X 
0.24 1.04  0.32  0.48  0.24  0.48  0.32  0.43 V1  V1   F1Y 

   0.32 0.24  0.32 0 0 0 0 U 2  U 2   F2 X 
    
 0.32  0.43  0.32 0.43 0 0 0 0 V2  V2   F2Y 
K  105  
0.32  0.24 0 0 0.32 0.24 0 0 U 3  U 3   F3 X 
    
 0.24  0.18 0 0 0.24 0.18 0 0 V3  V3   F3Y 
    
 0.24  0.32 0 0 0 0 0.24 0.32 U 4  U 4   F4 X 
 0.32  0.43 0 0.32 0.42 V4  V4   F4Y 
 0 0 0
Step-V] Boundary Condition:- Apply the boundary conditions and the force acting on the
truss
U2=V2=0, U3=V3=0, U4=V4=0
F1Y=-18kN = -1800N, F1Y=0

0.8 0.24 U1   0 

K  105      
0.24 0.04  V1   1800
Step-VI] Determination of Stress at each Element:-
U1 
V 
E
 AD  C x Cy  Cx C y   1 
L U 2 
 
V2 
 0.067 
 0.187 
200  10 3
 AD   0.6  0.8 0.6 0.8 
 0


750
 
 0 
 BD  13.48N / mm2
 CD  30.93N / mm2
Problem 00. Problem for Practice. [RTMNU, SUM-2018]
Determine the nodal displacement and member forces for the truss shown in below
fig. where, E = 200kN/mm2 and, cross sectional area of members
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 9584319113 17
PROF. FANINDRA F. KATRE GNIT NAGPUR STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD FOR TRUSS
AB = 1620mm2
AC = 1620mm2
BC = 1340mm2 14.

Problem 00. Problem for Practice. [RTMNU, SUM-2016]

Find member forces for the plane truss shown in below fig. Member BC is too long
by 3 mm. Use stiffness method. c/s area of all members is 600mm 2. Assume E =
200 GPa. 14.

Problem 5. [RTMNU, WIN-2017]

Analyze the truss as shown in below fig. by stiffness method if the temperature is
raised by 30º, take  = 12x10–6/0C, E = 210 GPa, Area of cross section = 750mm2.

Step-I] Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement:-

Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement are shown in figure

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 9584319113 18

PROF. FANINDRA F. KATRE GNIT NAGPUR STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD FOR TRUSS

Step-II] Degree of Freedom:-

DOF = 2j – R = 2 x 4 – 5 = 3
Step-III] Formation of Member Stiffness Matrix:-

Member AB
 = 900
Cx = cos  = cos 90 = 0
Cy = sin  = sin 90 = 1
L = 3m = 3000mm
A = 750 mm2
E = 210 GPa = 210x109 N/m2 = 210 kN/mm2

Member DC
 = 900
Cx = cos  = cos 90 = 0
Cy = sin  = sin 90 = 1
L = 3m = 3000mm
A = 750 mm2
E = 210 GPa = 210x109 N/m2 = 210 kN/mm2

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 9584319113 19

PROF. FANINDRA F. KATRE GNIT NAGPUR STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD FOR TRUSS

Member BC
 = 00
Cx = cos  = cos 0 = 1
Cy = sin  = sin 0 = 0
L = 4m = 4000mm
A = 750 mm2
E = 210 kN/mm2

Member AC
 = tan-1(3/4) = 36.8690
Cx = cos (36.869) = 4/5 = 0.8
Cy = sin  = sin (36.869) = 0.6
L  32  42 = 5m = 5000mm
A = 750 mm2
E = 210kN/mm2.

Member BD
 = -36.8690
Cx = cos  = cos (-36.869)= 4/5 = -0.8
Cy = sin  = sin (-36.869) =-0.6
L  32  42 = 5m = 5000mm
A = 750 mm2
E = 210 kN/mm2.

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 9584319113 20

PROF. FANINDRA F. KATRE GNIT NAGPUR STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD FOR TRUSS

Step-IV] Formation of Global Stiffness Matrix:-

Step-V] Boundary Condition:-

Step-VI] Formation of Global load Matrix:-

a. Joint Load

b. Temperature Load:-
Member AB

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 9584319113 21

PROF. FANINDRA F. KATRE GNIT NAGPUR STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD FOR TRUSS
 = 900
Cx = cos  = cos 90 = 0
Cy = sin  = sin 90 = 1
L = 3m = 3000mm
 T = 30oC
A = 750 mm2
E = 210 kN/mm2
AE   T = 750  210  12  10-6  30 = 56.70kN

Member DC
 = 900
Cx = cos  = cos 90 = 0
Cy = sin  = sin 90 = 1
L = 3m = 3000mm
 T = 30oC
A = 750 mm2
E = 210 kN/mm2
AE   T = 750  210  12  10-6  30 = 56.70kN

Member BC
 = 00
Cx = cos  = cos 0 = 1
Cy = sin  = sin 0 = 0
L = 4m = 4000mm
 T = 30oC
A = 750 mm2
E = 210 kN/mm2
AE   T = 750  210  12  10-6  30 = 56.70kN

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 9584319113 22

PROF. FANINDRA F. KATRE GNIT NAGPUR STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD FOR TRUSS

Member AC
 = 36.8690
Cx = cos  = cos (36.869) = 0.8
Cy = sin  = sin (36.869) = 0.6
L = 4m = 4000mm
 T = 30oC
A = 750 mm2
E = 210 kN/mm2
AE   T = 750  210  12  10-6  30 = 56.70kN

Member BD
 = -36.8690
Cx = cos  = cos (-36.869) = 0.8
Cy = sin  = sin (-36.869) = -0.6
33  42 = 5m = 5000mm
 T = 30oC
A = 750 mm2
E = 210 kN/mm2
AE   T = 750  210  12  10-6  30 = 56.70kN

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 9584319113 23

PROF. FANINDRA F. KATRE GNIT NAGPUR STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD FOR TRUSS

Assemble Temperature Load:-

Assembly of Global Load Matrix:-

 F G   F J   F T

Step-V] Determination of Primary Unknown:-

 f   ku

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 9584319113 24

PROF. FANINDRA F. KATRE GNIT NAGPUR STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD FOR TRUSS

Step-VI] Determination of Secondary Unknown:-

 f m  km um
Member AB

Member DC

Member DC

Member AC

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 9584319113 25

PROF. FANINDRA F. KATRE GNIT NAGPUR STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD FOR TRUSS
0.524 
0.393 
 
 
0.524 
0.393 
Member AC

100.518 
 75.388 
 
 
 100.518 
75.388 

Problem 6. [RTMNU, SUM-2015, WIN-2018]

Determine the final member forces for the truss shown in below fig. by stiffness
method.
Consider the following.
i) Increase in temperature by 50ºC in the member.
Take,  = 12 x 10-6 /ºC, E = 200GPA, A = 500mm2 for all members. 14.

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 9584319113 26

PROF. FANINDRA F. KATRE GNIT NAGPUR STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD FOR TRUSS

Step-I] Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement:-

Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement are shown in figure

Step-II] Degree of Freedom:-

DOF = 2j – R = 2 x 3 – 3 = 3
Step-III] Formation of Member Stiffness Matrix:-

Member AB
  900
Cx = cos   cos90 = 0
Cy = sin   sin 90 = 1
L = 3 m = 3000mm,
E = 200GPa = 200kN/mm2,
A = 500mm2

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 9584319113 27

PROF. FANINDRA F. KATRE GNIT NAGPUR STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD FOR TRUSS

Member AB
  00
Cx = cos   cos0 =1
Cy = sin   sin 0 = 0
L = 4 m = 4000mm,
E = 200GPa = 200kN/mm2,
A = 500mm2

Member CD
  900
Cx = cos   cos 90 = 0
Cy = sin   sin 90 = 1
L = 3 m = 3000mm,
E = 200GPa = 200kN/mm2,
A = 500mm2

Member AC
3
  tan-1   = 36.870
4
Cx = cos   cos 36.870 = 0.8
Cy = sin   sin 36.870 = 0.6
L = 5 m = 5000mm,
E = 200GPa = 200kN/mm2,
A = 500mm2
AE 500  200
  20kN / mm
L 5000

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 9584319113 28

PROF. FANINDRA F. KATRE GNIT NAGPUR STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD FOR TRUSS

Step-IV] Formation of Global Stiffness Matrix:-

Step-V] Formation of Global load Matrix:-

a. Temperature Load
We Know,
PL
L  TL 
AE
P =  TAE = 12  10-6  50  500  200 = 60kN (Compressive Nature)
Force 60kN will induced in all members due to temperature change
Member AB

Member BC

Member CD

Member AC

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 9584319113 29

PROF. FANINDRA F. KATRE GNIT NAGPUR STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD FOR TRUSS

a. Joint Load

b. Temperature load

Global Load = Joint Load + Temp. Load

Step-VII] Determination of Primary Unknown:-

 f   ku
u  k  f 
1

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 9584319113 30

PROF. FANINDRA F. KATRE GNIT NAGPUR STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD FOR TRUSS

Step-VIII] Determination of Primary Unknown:-

 F m   k m u m
Member AB

Force in Member AB = 0kN

Member BC

Force in Member BC = 60kN

Member CD

Force in Member AC

Member AC

Force in Member AC

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 9584319113 31

PROF. FANINDRA F. KATRE GNIT NAGPUR STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD FOR TRUSS

Problem 00. Problem for Practice. [RTMNU, WIN-2016]

Analyze the truss shown in below fig. If temp. is increased by 30º, Also the length
of member AC is found to be 5mm too short,  = 12 x10-6 /ºC, E = 210GPa, Area of
C/s = 750mm2. 14.

Problem 00. Problem for Practice. [RTMNU, SUM-2016]

Assemble the global stiffness matrix and load matrix for the plane Truss shown in
below fig. if members meeting at joint B are subjected to temperature rise of 60ºC.
Assume E = 210kN/mm2. c/s area of members are AB = BC = CD = 710mm2 and AC
= BD = 550mm2. 14.

Problem 00. Problem for Practice. [RTMNU, SUM-2017]

Determine the nodal displacement matrix for the plane truss shown in below Fig.
Use direct stiffness method. Take area of members as 800mm2 and E 200kN/mm2.
13.

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 9584319113 32

PROF. FANINDRA F. KATRE GNIT NAGPUR STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD FOR TRUSS

Problem 00. Problem for Practice. [RTMNU, SUM-2017]

Assemble the global stiffness matrix for the plane truss shown in below fig. Also
assemble the load vector if c/s area for all members in 1000 mm2 and E=210GPa.
13.

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 9584319113 33