Bending Stress Sheet

1-A bending moment of 5800 lb ·in. is applied to a beam having a rectangular

cross section with dimensions of 0.75 in. × 1.50 in. Compute the maximum
bending stress in the beam (a) if the vertical side is 1.50 in. and (b) if the vertical
side is 0.75 in.
2-A beam is being designed to support the loads shown in Figure P7–22. The
four shapes proposed are (a) a round bar, (b) a square bar, (c) a rectangular bar
with the height made four times the thickness, and (d) the lightest European
standard IPE I-shape. Determine the required dimensions of each proposed
shape to limit the maximum stress due to bending to 80 MPa. Then, compare
the magnitude of the cross-sectional areas of the four shapes. Since the weight
of the beam is proportional to its area, the one with the smallest area will be the
lightest.
3-A European IPE I-Shape, 270×135 mm, carries the load shown in Figure P7–
10. Compute the stress due to bending in the beam.
4- The 24 in. long beam shown in Figure P7–7 is an aluminum channel, C 4×2.
331, positioned with the legs down so that the flat 4 in. surface can carry the
applied loads. Compute the maximum tensile and maximum compressive
stresses in the channel.
5-The I-beam shape in Figure P7–80 is to carry two identical concentrated loads
of 2.25 kN each, symmetrically placed on a simply supported beam with a span
of 0.60 m. Each load is 0.2 m from an end determine the maximum normal
stress in the beam.
6- The loading shown in Figure P7–31 represents the load on a floor beam of a commercial
building. Determine the maximum bending moment on the beam, and then specify a
European standard IPE I-shape that will limit the stress to 150 MPa.
7- For the beam and loading shown, determine the maxi mum normal stress due to bending on
a transverse section at C
8- Knowing that W 5 12 kN, draw the shear and bending-moment diagrams for beam AB and
determine the maximum normal stress due to bending.
9- Draw the shear and bending-moment diagrams for the beam and loading shown, and
determine the maximum absolute value (a) of the shear, (b) of the bending moment.
10- Knowing that the couple shown acts in a vertical plane, determine the stress at (a) point A, (
b) point B.
11- Two equal and opposite moments of magnitude M=25 kN.m are applied to the beam AB.
Observing that the moments cause the beam to bend in the horizontal plane, determine
the stress at points C, D and E.
12- Knowing that the extruded beams shown in figures (6.a and 6.b) have an allowable stress
of 120 MPa in tension and 150 MPa in compression, determine the largest bending moment
M which may be applied.
13- A branch of a tree has the approximate dimensions shown in Figure below. Assuming the
bending strength of the wood to be similar to that of No. 3 grade hemlock, would it be safe
for a person having a mass of 135 kg to sit in the swing?
14- Figure below shows a round shaft from a gear transmission. Gears are mounted at points A,
C, and E. Supporting bearings are at B and D. The forces transmitted from the gears to the
shaft are shown, all acting downward. Compute the maximum stress due to bending in the
shaft, accounting for stress concentrations.
15- The forces shown on the shaft in Figure P7–91 are due to gears mounted at B and
C. Compute the maximum stress due to bending in the shaft.
16-The loading shown in Figure (a) is to be carried by an extruded aluminum hat-section beam
having the cross section shown in Figure (b). Compute the maximum stress due to bending in
the beam. If it is made of extruded 6061-T4 aluminum and the loads are static would the
beam be safe?
17-Calculate the maximum bending stress for shafts shown in figure below.
A–6 Properties of channels (C-shapes).
Y

t1

X t X
A Centroid
R

x
B
Y
(b) Aluminum Association Standard: U.S. units
Section properties

Flange Web Axis X–X Axis Y–Y

Shape Depth, A Width, B Area thickness, t thickness, t Ix Sx rx Iy Sy ry x
Ref. (in.) (lb/ft) (in.) (in.) (in.2) (in.) (in.) (in.4) (in.3) (in.) (in.4) (in.3) (in.) (in.)
a C 2×0.577 2.00 1.00 0.491 0.13 0.13 0.288 0.288 0.766 0.045 0.064 0.303 0.298
b C 2×1.071 2.00 1.25 0.911 0.26 0.17 0.546 0.546 0.774 0.139 0.178 0.391 0.471
c C 3×1.135 3.00 1.50 0.965 0.20 0.13 1.41 0.94 1.21 0.22 0.22 0.47 0.49
d C 3×1.597 3.00 1.75 1.358 0.26 0.17 1.97 1.31 1.20 0.42 0.37 0.55 0.62
e C 4×1.738 4.00 2.00 1.478 0.23 0.15 3.91 1.95 1.63 0.60 0.45 0.64 0.65
f C 4×2.331 4.00 2.25 1.982 0.29 0.19 5.21 2.60 1.62 1.02 0.69 0.72 0.78
g C 5×2.212 5.00 2.25 1.881 0.26 0.15 7.88 3.15 2.05 0.98 0.64 0.72 0.73
h C 5×3.089 5.00 2.75 2.627 0.32 0.19 11.14 4.45 2.06 2.05 1.14 0.88 0.95
i C 6×2.834 6.00 2.50 2.410 0.29 0.17 14.35 4.78 2.44 1.53 0.90 0.80 0.79
j C 6×4.030 6.00 3.25 3.427 0.35 0.21 21.04 7.01 2.48 3.76 1.76 1.05 1.12
k C 7×3.205 7.00 2.75 2.725 0.29 0.17 22.09 6.31 2.85 2.10 1.10 0.88 0.84
1 C 7×4.715 7.00 3.50 4.009 0.38 0.21 33.79 9.65 2.90 5.13 2.23 1.13 1.20
m C 8×4.147 8.00 3.00 3.526 0.35 0.19 37.40 9.35 3.26 3.25 1.57 0.96 0.93
n C 8×5.789 8.00 3.75 4.923 0.41 0.25 52.69 13.17 3.27 7.13 2.82 1.20 1.22
o C 9×4.983 9.00 3.25 4.237 0.35 0.23 54.41 12.09 3.58 4.40 1.89 1.02 0.93
p C 9×6.970 9.00 4.00 5.927 0.44 0.29 78.31 17.40 3.63 9.61 3.49 1.27 1.25
q C10×6.136 10.00 3.50 5.218 0.41 0.25 83.22 16.64 3.99 6.33 2.56 1.10 1.02
r C 10×8.360 10.00 4.25 7.109 0.50 0.31 116.15 23.23 4.04 13.02 4.47 1.35 1.34
s C 12×8.274 12.00 4.00 7.036 0.47 0.29 159.76 26.63 4.77 11.03 3.86 1.25 1.14
t C 12×11.822 12.00 5.00 10.053 0.62 0.35 239.69 39.95 4.88 25.74 7.60 1.60 1.61
(Continued)
Appendix
A–7 Properties of I-shapes.
Y Flange
Appendix

Depth Web
X X

Y
(a) Steel wide-flange beams (W-shapes): U.S. units, larger sizes
Section properties

Web Flange Axis X–X Axis Y–Y

Shape Area, A Depth, d thickness, tw Width, bf Thickness, tf Ix Sx Iy Sy
Ref. (in.) (lb/ft) (in.2) (in.) (in.) (in.) (in.) (in.4) (in.3) (in.4) (in.3)
a W 30×173 51.0 30.4 0.655 15.0 1.070 8230 541 598 79.8
b W 30×108 31.7 29.8 0.545 10.5 0.760 4470 299 146 27.9
c W 27×146 43.1 27.4 0.605 14.0 0.975 5660 414 443 63.5
d W 27×102 30.0 27.1 0.515 10.0 0.830 3620 267 139 27.8
e W 24×76 22.4 23.9 0.440 8.99 0.680 2100 176 82.5 18.4
f W 24×68 20.1 23.7 0.415 8.97 0.585 1830 154 70.4 15.7
g W 21×73 21.5 21.2 0.455 8.30 0.740 1600 151 70.6 17.0
h W 21×57 16.7 21.1 0.405 6.56 0.650 1170 111 30.6 9.35
i W 18×55 16.2 18.1 0.390 7.53 0.630 890 98.3 44.9 11.9
j W 18×40 11.8 17.9 0.315 6.02 0.525 612 68.4 19.1 6.35
k W 14×43 12.6 13.7 0.305 8.00 0.530 428 62.7 45.2 11.3
1 W 14×26 7.69 13.9 0.255 5.03 0.420 245 35.3 8.91 3.54
m W 12×65 19.1 12.1 0.390 12.0 0.605 533 87.9 174 29.1
n W 12×30 8.79 12.3 0.260 6.52 0.440 238 38.6 20.3 6.24
o W 12×16 4.71 12.0 0.220 3.99 0.265 103 17.1 2.82 1.41
p W 10×60 17.60 10.2 0.420 10.1 0.680 341 66.7 116 23.0
q W 10×30 8.84 10.5 0.300 5.81 0.510 170 32.4 16.7 5.75
r W 10×12 3.54 9.87 0.190 3.96 0.210 53.8 10.9 2.18 1.10
s W 8×40 11.70 8.25 0.360 8.07 0.560 146 35.5 49.1 12.2
t W 8×21 6.16 8.28 0.250 5.27 0.400 75.3 18.2 9.77 3.71
u W 8×10 2.96 7.89 0.170 3.94 0.205 30.8 7.81 2.09 1.06
v W 6×15 4.43 5.99 0.230 5.99 0.260 29.1 9.72 9.32 3.11
w W 6×12 3.55 6.03 0.230 4.00 0.280 22.1 7.31 2.99 1.50
x W 5×19 5.54 5.15 0.270 5.03 0.430 26.2 10.2 9.13 3.63
y W 5×16 4.68 5.01 0.240 5.00 0.360 21.3 8.51 7.51 3.00
z W 4×13 3.83 4.16 0.280 4.06 0.345 11.3 5.46 3.86 1.90
(Continued)
A–7 Properties of I-shapes.
Y Flange

Depth Web
X X

Y
(b) American Standard steel beams (S-shapes): U.S. units
Section properties

Web Flange Axis X–X Axis Y–Y

Shape Area, A Depth, d thickness, tw Width, bf Thickness, tf Ix Sx Iy Sy
Ref. (in.) (lb/ft) (in.2) (in.) (in.) (in.) (in.) (in.4) (in.3) (in.4) (in.3)
a S 24×121 35.5 24.5 0.800 8.05 1.090 3160 258 83.0 20.6
b S 24×90 26.5 24.0 0.625 7.13 0.870 2250 187 44.7 12.5
c S 20×96 28.2 20.3 0.800 7.20 0.920 1670 165 49.9 13.9
d S 20×75 22.0 20.0 0.635 6.39 0.795 1280 128 29.5 9.25
e S 20×66 19.4 20.0 0.505 6.26 0.795 1190 119 27.5 8.78
f S 18×70 20.5 18.0 0.711 6.25 0.691 923 103 24.0 7.69
g S 18×54.7 16.0 18.0 0.461 6.00 0.691 801 89.0 20.7 6.91
h S 15×50 14.7 15.0 0.550 5.64 0.622 485 64.7 15.6 5.53
i S 15×42.9 12.6 15.0 0.411 5.50 0.622 446 59.4 14.3 5.19
j S 12×50 14.6 12.0 0.687 5.48 0.659 303 50.6 15.6 5.69
k S 12×35 10.2 12.0 0.426 5.08 0.544 228 38.1 9.84 3.88
1 S 10×35 10.3 10.0 0.594 4.94 0.491 147 29.4 8.30 3.36
m S 10×25.4 7.45 10.0 0.311 4.66 0.491 123 24.6 6.73 2.89
n S 8×23 6.76 8.00 0.441 4.17 0.425 64.7 16.2 4.27 2.05
o S 8×18.4 5.40 8.00 0.271 4.00 0.425 57.5 14.4 3.69 1.84
p S 6×17.25 5.06 6.00 0.465 3.57 0.359 26.2 8.74 2.29 1.28
q S 6×12.5 3.66 6.00 0.232 3.33 0.359 22.0 7.34 1.80 1.08
r S 5×10 2.93 5.00 0.214 3.00 0.326 12.3 4.90 1.19 0.795
s S 4×9.5 2.79 4.00 0.326 2.80 0.293 6.8 3.38 0.887 0.635
t S 4×7.7 2.26 4.00 0.193 2.66 0.293 6.05 3.03 0.748 0.562
u S 3×7.5 2.20 3.00 0.349 2.51 0.260 2.91 1.94 0.578 0.461
v S 3×5.7 1.66 3.00 0.170 2.33 0.260 2.50 1.67 0.447 0.383
(Continued)
Appendix
Appendix

A–7 Properties of I-shapes.

Y t1
B

R
t
X X A

Y
(c) Aluminum Association Standard (I-shapes): U.S. units
Section properties
Axis X–X Axis Y–Y
Shape Depth, A Width, B Area Flange thickness, Web thickness, Ix Sx rx Iy Sy ry
Ref. (in.) (lb/ft) (in.) (in.) (in.2) t1 (in.) t (in.) (in.4) (in.3) (in.) (in.4) (in.3) (in.)
a I 3×1.637 3.00 2.50 1.392 0.20 0.13 2.24 1.49 1.27 0.52 0.42 0.61
b I 3×2.030 3.00 2.50 1.726 0.26 0.15 2.71 1.81 1.25 0.68 0.54 0.63
c I 4×2.311 4.00 3.00 1.965 0.23 0.15 5.62 2.81 1.69 1.04 0.69 0.73
d I 4×2.793 4.00 3.00 2.375 0.29 0.17 6.71 3.36 1.68 1.31 0.87 0.74
e I 5×3.700 5.00 3.50 3.146 0.32 0.19 13.94 5.58 2.11 2.29 1.31 0.85
f I 6×4.030 6.00 4.00 3.427 0.29 0.19 21.99 7.33 2.53 3.10 1.55 0.95
g I 6×4.692 6.00 4.00 3.990 0.35 0.21 25.5 8.50 2.53 3.74 1.87 0.97
h I 7×5.800 7.00 4.50 4.932 0.38 0.23 42.89 12.25 2.95 5.78 2.57 1.08
i I 8×6.181 8.00 5.00 5.256 0.35 0.23 59.69 14.92 3.37 730 2.92 1.18
j I 8×7.023 8.00 5.00 5.972 0.41 0.25 67.78 16.94 3.37 8.55 3.42 1.20
k I 9×8.361 9.00 5.50 7.110 0.44 0.27 102.02 22.67 3.79 12.22 4.44 1.31
1 I 10×8.646 10.00 6.00 7.352 0.41 0.25 132.09 26.42 4.24 14.78 4.93 1.42
m I 10×10.286 10.00 6.00 8.747 0.50 0.29 155.79 31.16 4.22 18.03 6.01 1.44
n I 12×11.672 12.00 7.00 9.925 0.47 0.29 255.57 42.60 5.07 26.90 7.69 1.65
o I 12×14.292 12.00 7.00 12.153 0.62 0.31 317.33 52.89 5.11 35.48 10.14 1.71
(Continued )
A–7 Properties of I-shapes.
Y t
bf

t
X X d

Y
(d) I-shapes: U.S. units, aluminum, small extruded shapes, 0.70–2.11 in. depth
Section propertiesa
Axis X–X Axis Y–Y
Depth, d Flange width, bf Thickness, t Weight/ft b Area, A IX SX rX IY SY rY
Ref. (in.) (in.) (in.) (lb) (in.2) (in.4) (in.3) (in.) (in.4) (in.3) (in.)
a 0.700 1.060 0.050 0.160 0.136 0.0121 0.0346 0.299 0.009 93 0.0187 0.270
b 1.040 1.074 0.050 0.185 0.154 0.0298 0.0573 0.439 0.0103 0.0192 0.259
c 1.950 1.000 0.050 0.230 0.193 0.117 0.120 0.778 0.008 35 0.0167 0.208
d 1.120 1.724 0.050 0.268 0.223 0.0538 0.0961 0.491 0.0427 0.0495 0.437
e 1.034 1.500 0.062 0.290 0.242 0.0479 0.0926 0.444 0.0349 0.0465 0.379
f 2.110 1.500 0.055 0.329 0.275 0.211 0.200 0.876 0.0310 0.0413 0.336
g 0.876 1.500 0.188 0.790 0.658 0.0704 0.161 0.327 0.106 0.141 0.401
h 1.000 2.375 0.250 1.575 1.313 0.176 0.352 0.366 0.559 0.471 0.653
Notes: These shapes are designed for special applications and not made to common dimensions. Sample sizes of numerous additional sizes available. For prob-
lems in this book, these sizes can be used for steel I-shapes as well. The weight/ft will be much higher.
a I, moment of inertia; S, section modulus; r, radius of gyration; used for column analysis; See sketch for X–X and Y–Y axes.

Calculations assume square corners.

b Using density of aluminum = 0.100 lb /in.3 (may range from 0.095 to 0.102 lb /in.3).
m m

(Continued )
Appendix
A–7 Properties of I-shapes.
bf
Appendix

Y Flange

Depth, d Web
X tw X
tf

Y
(e) I-shapes: SI units, steel, European Standard (IPE-shapesa), 80–600 mm depth
Section propertiesb

Flange Thickness Axis X–X Axis Y–Y

Depth, d width, bf Flange, tf Web, tw Weight/m c Area, A IX SX rX IY SY rY
Ref. (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (N/m) (mm2) (mm4) (mm3) (mm) (mm4) (mm3) (mm)
a 80 46 5.2 3.8 57.6 764 8.014 × 105 2.003 × 104 32.4 8.487 × 104 3.690 × 103 10.54
b 100 55 5.7 4.1 77.8 1032 1.710 × 106 3.420 × 104 40.7 1.591 × 105 5.786 × 103 12.4
c 120 64 6.3 4.4 99.5 1321 3.177 × 106 5.296 × 104 49.0 2.766 × 105 8.644 × 103 14.5
d 140 73 6.9 4.7 123.8 1643 5.412 × 106 7.732 × 104 57.4 4.491 × 105 1.230 × 104 16.5
e 160 82 7.4 5.0 151.4 2009 8.693 × 106 1.087 × 105 65.8 6.829 × 105 1.666 × 104 18.4
f 180 91 8.0 5.3 180.4 2395 1.317 × 107 1.463 × 105 74.2 1.008 × 106 2.216 × 104 20.5
g 200 100 8.5 5.6 214.6 2848 1.943 × 107 1.943 × 105 82.6 1.423 × 106 2.846 × 104 22.4
h 220 110 9.2 5.9 251.4 3337 2.772 × 107 2.520 × 105 91.1 2.048 × 106 3.724 × 104 24.8
i 240 120 9.8 6.2 294.7 3912 3.891 × 107 3.243 × 105 99.7 2.835 × 106 4.725 × 104 26.9
j 270 135 10.2 6.6 346.2 4595 5.790 × 107 4.289 × 105 112.3 4.197 × 106 6.218 × 104 30.2
k 300 150 10.7 7.1 405.4 5381 8.356 × 107 5.571 × 105 124.6 6.036 × 106 8.048 × 104 33.5
l 330 160 11.5 7.5 471.7 6261 1.177 × 108 7.131 × 105 137.1 7.878 × 106 9.848 × 104 35.5
m 360 170 12.7 8.0 547.9 7273 1.627 × 108 9.036 × 105 149.5 1.043 × 107 1.227 × 105 37.9
n 400 180 13.5 8.8 642.0 8521 2.321 × 108 1.161 × 106 165.1 1.317 × 107 1.464 × 105 39.3
o 450 190 14.6 9.4 744.5 9882 3.374 × 108 1.500 × 106 184.8 1.675 × 107 1.763 × 105 41.2
p 500 200 16.0 10.2 870.4 11 552 4.820 × 108 1.928 × 106 204.3 2.141 × 107 2.141 × 105 43.1
q 550 210 17.2 11.1 1013 13 442 6.712 × 108 2.441 × 106 223.5 2.667 × 107 2.540 × 105 44.5
r 600 220 19.0 12.0 1175 15 598 9.208 × 108 3.069 × 106 243.0 3.386 × 107 3.078 × 105 46.6
Note: Sample sizes of numerous additional sizes available.
a IPE sections have medium width flanges. Narrow and wide-flange sections are also available.

b I, moment of inertia; S, section modulus; r, radius of gyration, used for column analysis; see sketch for X–X and Y–Y axes.

c Using density of steel = 7680 kg/m3.

(Continued )