BIPH

Pre-Calculus
Summer Pack
Mr. Wolodzko
Name __________________________________
1: Exponent Rules
Simplify the following
2
2 3 2
1. ( 2 ) 2. 3. (3x 2 y) 3

y 4 x 1y 3xy 9 7y
4. 5. 6.
5x 2 xy 2 2y 2
42 x 5

2: Fractional Exponents
Evaluate the following without a calculator

2 1
2
1. 83 2. 4 2
3. 4
16

3
4
4. 3
1000 2 5. 3
27 6. (25 2 )

3: Simplifying Radicals
Simplify and rationalize the following.
1. 80 2. 4
32 3. 3
54x 3

3 4
4. 5. 6. 4 3 21
8 75
4: Factoring by GCF
Factor the following completely

1. 3x 4 9 x 2 2. 49 xy 28x 14 y 3. 18x 3 y 5 12 x 4 y 2

5: Factoring Quadratic Expressions

Factor the following completely

1. x 2 3x 2 2. x2 5x 6 3. 2x 2 5x 3

4. 3x 2 8 x 4 5. 3x 2 17 x 10 6. 10 x 2 19 x 6

6: Special Factoring
a 2 2ab b 2 ( a b) 2 a 3 b3 (a b)(a 2 ab b 2 )
a 2 2ab b 2 ( a b) 2 a 3 b3 (a b)(a 2 ab b 2 )
a 2 b2 (a b)(a b)
Factor the following completely

1. 4x 2 20 x 25 2. 49 x 2 42 xy 9 y 2 3. 16 x 4 81

4. x3 8 5. 125x3 y3 6. 64 27 y 6
7: Factoring through Synthetic Division
Use synthetic division to factor as indicated.

1. x3 4x 2 2 x 1 ( x 1)( ) 2. 2 x 3 5x 7 ( x 1)( )

3. x 4 3x 3 x2 x 2 ( x 2)( ) 4. 4 x 4 3x 2 1 (2 x 1)( )

8: Solving Linear Equations

Solve the following for the unknown variable.

2x 1 3x 1 x 5x 2x 1
1. 2. 3. 3( x 8) 4 x 5x ( x 7)
5 2 2 6 3 12

9: Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring

Factor to solve for x.

1. x2 5x 6 0 2. 8x2 6 x 5 0 3. 11x2 14 x 16 0
10: Solving Quadratic Equations using the Quadratic Formula
For each equation, solve for the indicated expression.

1. 2 x2 4 x 1 0 for x 2. 2 x2 2 x 3 0 for x 3. x4 4 x2 2 0 for x 2

11: Solving Radical Equations

Solve the following for x.

3
1. x 3x 1 2. 3 2x 1 7 3. 3x 4 5 19

12: Solving Rational Equations

Solve the following for x

3 9 2 2 8 2 x 2
1. 6x 2. 3. 2
2x 2 3x 3 x 6 x 1 x 1 x 1

13: Solving Logarithmic Equations

Solve the following for x

1
1. log3 3x 7 2. log 9 x 3. 2log3 ( x 1) 4
2
14: Function Notation
Given f ( x) x 2 x , answer the following questions.
1
1. Find f (0) 2. Find f ( x) 0 3. Find f
3

1 7
Given f ( x) x , answer the following questions.
3 4
1 9
4. Find the zeros of f ( x) 5. Solve f ( x) 6. Find f
8 8

15: Function Names

Match the following equations to their description.

2
_____1. f ( x) 4x 5 3 A. Linear Function
3
23
_____2. f ( x) 4x 5 3 B. Quadratic Function
3
2 1
_____3. f ( x) 3 C. Absolute Value Function
3 4x 5
2
_____4. f ( x) (4 x 5) 4 3(4 x 5) 2 2 D. Cubic Function
3
2
_____5. f ( x) (4 x 5)3 3 E. Cube Root Function
3
2
_____6. f ( x) (4 x 5) 3 F. Square Root Function
3
2
_____7. f ( x) (4 x 5) 2 3 G. Rational Function
3
2
_____8. f ( x) 4x 5 3 H. Polynomial Function
3
16: Function Operations
Perform the following function operations if f ( x) 2 x 2 and g ( x) 3 4 x

1. f g ( x) 2. g f ( x) 3. (f g )( x)

4. f f ( x) 5. g g ( x) 6. Find g g ( x) 0

6
17: Function Transformation 5
4
Use the graph of y f ( x) at the right to sketch the following transformations. 3
2
1

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6

1. y 2 f ( x) 2. y f ( x) 3. y f ( x 1)
6 6 6
5 5 5
4 4 4
3 3 3
2 2 2
1 1 1

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6
-1 -1 -1
-2 -2 -2
-3 -3 -3
-4 -4 -4
-5 -5 -5
-6 -6 -6

4. y f ( x) 2 5. y f ( x) 6. y 2 f ( x 2) 1
6 6 6
5 5 5
4 4 4
3 3 3
2 2 2
1 1 1

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6
-1 -1 -1
-2 -2 -2
-3 -3 -3
-4 -4 -4
-5 -5 -5
-6 -6 -6
18: Graphing Parent Functions using T-Charts
Graph the following using a T-Chart  with  “smart”  values.    State  the  Domain  and  Range  of  each  function.

1. f ( x) x2 2. f ( x) x 3. f ( x) x

D: R: D: R: D: R:

1
4. f ( x) x3 5. f ( x) 3
x 6. f ( x)
x

D: R: D: R: D: R:

7. f ( x) x 8. f ( x) 2 x 9. f ( x) log 2 x

D: R: D: R: D: R:
19: Basic Graphing Choosing  “Smart”  Points
Fill in the T-chart using at least 3 smart x-values (that enable you to find exact points)
x
7
1. f ( x) 3 x 2. f ( x) 3. f ( x) 34
x 2

20: Distance and Midpoint Formulas

Find the distance between the two points. Then find the midpoint between the two points.

3 1 3 7 5 3
1. ( 2, 5); (6, 1) 2. , ; , 3. , ; 1, 4
2 2 2 2 2 2

21: Intercepts
Use the following equations to find the x and y intercept(s)
2
2 2 2 x 4
1. y x 9 2. 9x 4y 36 3. y2 1
2

22: Equations of Lines

Find the equation of the line that has the given characteristics. Leave your answer in the form indicated.
3 2
1. slope ; y int : 2. Parallel to 2 x 3 y 4 through 3. Perpendicular to 4 x 7 y 23
4 3
2 4
(Standard Form) 3, 6 through ,
3 5
(Slope-intercept form) (Point-Slope Form)
23: Pythagorean Theorem
Use the diagram at the right to answer the following questions. Be sure to simplify. c b

1. Find b if a = 4 5 , c = 2 2. Find c if a = 2 3 , b=6 3. If a = c, and b = 10, find a

24: Algebraic Errors to Avoid

Solutions
1: Exponent Rules
1.) 64 !!" ! !! !! ! !"
2.) 3.) 4.) !! ! 5.) ! ! 6.) !!! !
! !"! ! ! !

2: Fractional Exponents
1.) 4 2.) ½ 3.) 4 4.) 100 ! !!
5.) 6.)
!" !"#

3: Simplifying Radicals
! ! ! !
1.) 4 5 2.) 2 2 3.) 3x 2 4.)
! !
5.) 6.) 12 7
! !"

4: Factoring by GCF
1.) 3x2(x2 – 3) 2.) 7(7xy + 4x – 2y) 3.) 6x3y2(3y3 – 2x)

5: Factoring Quadratic Expressions

1.) (x – 2)(x – 1) 2.) (x + 6)(x – 1) 3.) (2x – 1)(x + 3)
4.) (3x – 2)(x – 2) 5.) (3x + 2)(x + 5) 6.) (5x – 2)(2x – 3)

6: Special Factoring
1.) (2x – 5)2 2.) (7x + 3y)2 3.) (4x2 + 9)(2x + 3)(2x – 3)
4.) (x – 2)(x2 + 2x + 4) 5.) (5x + y)(25x2 – 5xy + y2) 6.) (4 – 3y2)(16 + 12y2 + 9y4)

7: Factoring through Synthetic Division

1.) x2 – 3x – 1 2.) 2x2 – 2x + 7 3.) x3 – x2 – x – 1 4.) 2(x2 + 1)(2x + 1)

8: Solving Linear Equations

!! ! !"
1.) 2.) 3.)
!! ! !

9: Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring

! !!
1.) -3, -2 2.) , -½ 3.) ,2
! !!

10: Solving Quadratic Equations using the Quadratic Formula

!!±! ! !!!±! !
1.) ! 2.) 3.) 2 ±! 2
! !

11: Solving Radical Equations

!!±! !"
1.) 2.) 2 3.) 16
!"

12: Solving Rational Equations

1.) ¼, -1 2.) 2, 3 3.) -4

13: Solving Logarithmic Equations

1.) 7 2.) 3 3.) 8
14: Function Notation
!!
1.) 0 2.) 0, 1 3.)
!
!!" !!" !!
4.) 5.) 6.)
! ! !

15: Function Names

1.) C 2.) E 3.) G 4.) H 5.) D 6.) A 7.) B 8.) F

16: Function Operations

1.) 32x2 – 48x + 18 2.) -8x2 + 3 3.) 2x2 + 4x – 3
4.) 8x4 5.) 16x – 9 6.)
!
!"

17: Function Transformations

18: Graphing Parent Functions
1.) 2.) 3.)

D: [0, ∞)
D: (-∞, ∞) R: [0, ∞) D: (-∞, ∞)
R: [0, ∞) R: [0, ∞)
4.) 5.) 6.)

D: (-∞, ∞)
R: (-∞, ∞) D: x!≠ 0
D: (-∞, ∞) R: y ≠ 0
R: (-∞, ∞)
7.) 8.) 9.)

D: (-∞, ∞)
D: (-∞, ∞) D: (0, ∞)
R: (0, ∞)
R: (-∞, ∞) R: (-∞, ∞)

19: Basic Graphing (Answers may vary)

1.) 2.) 3.)
x y x y x y
2 1 1 7 -1 !
( )1/4
!
3 0 2 undefined
0 1
4 undefined 3 -7
1 31/4

20: Distance and Midpoint Formulas

! !" ! !!
1.) d = 10; mp = (2, 2) 2.) d = 5; mp = (0, ) 3.) d = ; mp = ( , )
! ! ! !

21: Intercepts
1.) 2.) 3.)
x-intercept: (-9, 0) x- intercepts: (3, 0), (-3, 0) x-intercepts: (-6, 0), (-2, 0)
y-intercepts: (0, 3), (0, -3) y- intercepts: (0, 2), (0, -2) y-intercept(s): none

22: Equations of Lines

!! ! !! !
1.) -9x + 12y = -8 2.) y = x+4 3.) y + = (x – )
! ! ! !

23: Pythagorean Theorem

1.) 2 21 2.) 2 6 3.) 5 2

24: Algebraic Errors to Avoid

Please be sure you’ve read over this section carefully; great points here!