MODULE 1

COMMUNITY PLANNING AND URBAN DESIGN

presented by:

ASPERA BAUTISTA CONCEPCION DELOTAVO ESTANQUE HEREDIA NOBLEZA PORRAS

Community Structure
Community
Community

02
MODULE 1

Community Structure
By definition, it refers to the arrangement of
and relations between the parts or
elements of something complex; that of a
particular area or place considered
together with its inhabitants.

03
PARTICIPANTS ORGANIZATIONAL
The life force of the ELEMENTS
community. Legalities, activitis, communal processes.

PHYSICAL PRODUCTION
ELEMENTS ELEMENTS
Space uses of land, village and farm. Work, products and services.
Community Planning and Urban Design

PARTICIPANTS
PARTICIPANTS
PARTICIPANTS
Shared
work hours
How do we Identify
Participants of a
An internal sharing economy that a
participant is taking on, however,

Community? the distinction can sometimes also

refer to how often they are living in
the intentional community.
The distinction of participants are
mostly to do with the amount of Shared
An arrangement whereby one full-
Work Hours (Shawoho).
time job may be carried out by two
people working part-time.
TRIBE MEMBERS PART-TIME TRIBE
A member committing a MEMBERS
minimum of 9 months of
Is one who is committing to a minimum of
Shawoho in most years.
3 months per year of Shawoho.

VACATION INVESTORS
Are participants whos intention is to only VISITORS
stay for short period of time and who want Anyone undertaking Shawoho less than 2
to build a place for their enjoynment and months a year.
for rentals when they are not around.
Why is community
participation important
in planning?
Involving residents (participants) in the planning process can ensure that plans will have a long-lasting and
stable constituency. Residents may lack an understanding of the principles and processes of planning, but do
bring valuable information and perspectives to the table. In the long run, programs and projects that derive
from an informed public, guided by professionals, are likely to be more creative and locally appropriate (Civic
Well, 2022).
Community Planning

ORGANIZATIONAL
and Urban Design

ORGANIZATIONAL

(An International Permaculture Community in paradise | IPC, n.d.)

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What is an
Organization?
“An organization is a body built for
a collection of individuals who join
together to achieve some common
goals and objectives bounded by
legal entities.”

Keka, n.d.
according to Edgar Schein, there are four key organizational structure elements:
LEGAL FRAMEWORK COMMUNITY
Rules or laws that everyone in the ACTIVITIES
community follows, such as local
Regular events or gatherings that help
regulations or community
build relationships, like neighborhood
agreements.
meetings or festivals.

ROLES & COMMUNICATION

RESPONSIBILITIES SYSTEM
Assigning specific tasks to members, like a Tools or methods for keeping everyone
community leader or volunteers for informed, such as newsletters, bulletin
certain projects. boards, or social media groups.
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Examples of
Successful
Communities
There are a few models of success that
we can glean 'best practices' from.
Communities like:
Twin Oaks
Crystal Waters
The Farm
The Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage
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Twin Oaks
By enabling its upwardly mobile residents to be completely connected
via its cutting-edge technological foundation, Twin Oaks Place redefines
urban living in Metro Manila.

With integrated fiber-optic technology, which connects IP-enabled

appliances to the internet and enables them to use a wide range of web-
based applications, it is a vertical residential development that
showcases the company's plans and standards for future Greenfield
District buildings.
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Crystal Waters
Eco Village
Crystal Waters Eco Village is situated in 640 acres of bushland at the
Mary River's headwaters. The Village, which consists of privately owned
residential lots, common land areas, and cooperatively owned
commercial properties, was created using permaculture principles.

The Village is known as a beautiful Australian Wildlife Sanctuary and is

designated as "Land for Wildlife "We share our land with a diverse range
of local flora and fauna, including numerous kangaroos and wallabies, as
well as numerous birds and reptiles.
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The Farm
Founded in 1971, The Farm is a three-square-mile intentional community
based on the values of nonviolence and respect for the earth. It is
located in southern middle Tennessee. With the intention of creating a
highly cohesive, outwardly focused community in hopes of changing the
world for the better through actions and leadership.

The Farm is known for its practices including natural childbirth and
midwifery, a healthy diet and vegetarian cuisine, creative arts and
alternative technologies, partnerships with indigenous cultures, and
support for alternative technologies
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The Dancing
Rabbit Eco Village
Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage has been a thriving sustainability
demonstration project for over 20 years. In modern American culture, it is
challenging to live responsibly and sustainably and by working together,
the ecovillage aims to develop a social structure that is both vibrant and
non- exploitative.

A diverse population living sustainably in a place that serves as an

example of effective human interaction with nature. The village promotes
organic permaculture gardens and designs to natural buildings,
alternative energy, inner sustainability, and self-governance.
Element 03

PHYSICAL
PHYSICAL
Physical Elements are the earthbound aspects,

PHYSICAL
including the land and how it is used. Thus, the
domain of land is its usage.

Agro-forestry, agricultural, naturally reserved

areas, and village property shall all be
proportionately represented in the land
distribution—which will be further separated into
private residences and communal/collective
spaces.

In every conceivable niche, the land will provide

food security.
PHYSICAL

1
ELEMENTS

VILLAGE
ZONES
Village 1 VILLAGE
ZONE

a small group of houses and

other buildings in the
countryside, usually with its own
people and facilities
- Cambridge Dictionary
a self-contained district or
community within a town or city
- Oxford Dictionary

Village zone includes personal spaces,

community spaces, and cooperative
spaces.
PONDER!
The design and layout of a village impacts greatly on the efficiency of a community, on
the psyche and health of its members and on the interactions and relationships that
people have to each other and the environment.
1 VILLAGE
ZONE

CONSIDERATIONS

Permaculture General Spatial

Design Involvement Connection
integration of natural villager participation and fluid mix of
resources within the inputs in designing will interconnected
landscape of the help ensure a nice communal and private
village, non-grid balance between spaces where dwellings
patterns, useful poly- personal comfort and will be built on the
culture corridors to resource management periphery of communal
promote symbiotic to achieve a complete, areas for greater
village life vibrant, healthy and efficiency and social
relationships and productive village cohesion
efficiency through
well planned locations
of the various physical,
cultural, and
economic elements
1 VILLAGE
ZONE

CONSIDERATIONS

Accessibilty Technology & Future

Climate Action Expansion
establishing access use of appropriate explore different
road (vehicular and technology in assessing fundamental designs for
pedestrian) or materials and extending the village,
alternative construction methods to either vertically or
cargo/transit reduce environmental horizontally, to reduce
technology to aid in footprint - building the possibility of
the construction of community in the most problems associated
the core of the village efficient and eco- with population growth
ensuring easy friendly way taking into account
accessibility to and people movement,
within the community product movement,
waste stream, etc.
1 VILLAGE
ZONE

Natural 01 02 03

Physical
Elements Streams Creeks & Rivers Water Falls

04 05 06 07

Old Growth Stands Bridges Roads Access to the Ocean

1 VILLAGE
VILLAGE
ZONE
ZONE

Village 01 02

Physical
Elements Community Hall Birthing Place

03 04 05 06

Guest Lodge Playground Junk House Green House

2
FARM ZONE
FARM ZONE
FARM ZONE
FARM ZONE

Some clearly defined elements include:

01 02 03 04

Farming has many

physical elements to
consider and often
Vegetable plots Greenhouses Swales Irrigation system looks different in
application based on
05 06 07 08 the techniques one
incorporates on the
land.

Harvesting
Fencing Animals Plants & Trees
infrastructure

Fruits and vegetables that are dominant part of the population’s diet should be planted to provide for the community
FARM ZONE

To make the most of the time and available

space while building the agricultural
component of the community, these plots
should be interplanted with larger tree
species and plants.
ACACIA TREE

Such as Leguminous plants and trees, for

greater shade, nitrogen-fixing and
improved soil biodiversity.

Animals may also be used to assist in

workload and provide fertilizer. Animals to SOY BEANS

raise should depend primarily on the diet

and requirements of the community.

PEANUTS
FARM ZONE

Additionally, farm zones are meant to accommodate

Farm zones are not intended to permit feedlots,
limited commercial and light industrial operations that
slaughterhouses, rendering plants, and other uses that:
are related to or support agriculture.

create offensive odors

tractor repair shops

attract large number of insects

welding shops
create quantities of dust on a daily basis
3
PHYSICAL
ELEMENT

Agroforestry
Agroforestry is the
interaction of agriculture and

Zones
tress, including the use of
trees in agriculture. This
includes planting trees on
farms and in agricultural
landscapes, farming, and
production of tree crops
such as cocoa, coffee,
rubber and oil palm.
Agroforestry Practices

protect soil,
animals, crops, trap snow and
improve water
and homes prevent it from
quality
from extreme piling in roads
weather

provide habitat sequester

for wildlife, and carbon and
produce jobs
create reduce other
and income
corridors for greenhouse
their travel gases
Agroforestry Practices

produce
products
(food, fiber, mitigate odor
bioenergy, wood,
and more)

improve
create
pollinator
beautiful
habitat
places
AGROFORESTRY
ZONE
to produce trees for timber and other commercial
purposes;

to produce a diverse, adequate supply of nutritious

foods both to meet global demand and to satisfy the
needs of the producers themselves

Various
to ensure the protection of the natural environment
so that it continues to provide resources and

Needs
environmental services to meet the needs of the
present generations and those to come.
AGRO
FORESTRY

For farmers, ranchers,

and landowners:
Agroforestry is a critical tool for sustainable
agricultural production. Agroforestry practices
allow landowners, both large and small,
to diversify their production systems
in order to be more profitable and
reduce risk, while also improving
environmental stewardship and
benefiting neighbors and nearby
communities and towns.
AGRO
FORESTRY

For communities,
landscapes, watersheds:
Agroforestry has the potential to create jobs and
boost economic well- being in communities. It can
help "reconnect" agriculture, people, and
communities within a landscape, resulting in
a more multi-functional and sustainable
landscape.
Improve livestock access to
Dramatically improve soil
clean water by planting prickly
nitrogen by planting a cash crop
ash along a riparian corridor
of black locust boles

Reduce soil erosion by planting

Improve beef yields by planting
white pine and northern white
hedgerows of silver maple
cedar
Add a profitable pick-your-own
Create habitat for high-value
by using native and rare fruiting
botanical crops under trees
shrubs for hedgerows
planted for other purposes
throughout the farm

Raise profits by building an on-

Create a long-term revenue
site tree and shrub nursery to
stream by planting willows and
support in-house agroforestry
dogwoods along a stream corridor
programs and/or for sale
for live stake production
Ways for Efficient land use management including
provision for horticultural crops, forestry crops
preferable legume species, and livestock like

improving cattle, sheep, and goats

degraded
areas:
Preventing loss of soil fertility by making
contour bunds, graded bunds, half-moon
terraces, leveling, drainage systems, and water
AGROFORESTRY ZONE
utilization technology.

Soil management growing cover crop, strip, and

mixed cropping, erosion checking crops, relay
cropping, green manuring, and use of organic
amendments and fertilizers
Ways for
Adoption of production-based crop management
by raising high-yielding varieties, suitable crop
planning, weed and water management, timely

improving
plant protection measures, application of fertilizers
for restoring soil fertility, and use of implements.

degraded
areas:
The adoption of soil-enriching hedgerow
intercropping, or 'alley cropping aims at
eliminating the fallow period altogether by
AGROFORESTRY ZONE
combining tree species with agricultural crops.

The problems created by shifting cultivation

can easily be overcome by the adoption of
suitable agroforestry models.
4 PROTECTED PRESERVED
ZONES
Physical
Element 04

Effectively managed protected

preserve zones are crucial for
preserving biodiversity,
maintaining ecosystem
services, and supporting
scientific research. They protect
critical habitats and
endangered species, regulate
water and climate, and prevent
soil erosion.
Physical
Element 04

Methods for Safeguarding and Maintaining

Protected Preserve Zones

protect areas that are most important for biodervisty;

ensure that conservation supports land connectivity

wherever possible;

pursue conservation in various regions to ensure that

the global system of protected areas is representative
of our planet’s diverse nature and ecosystems;

support indigenous people’s land rights and promote

indigenous-led conservation;

Community Planning and Urban Design 05

Physical
Element 04

Methods for Safeguarding and Maintaining

Protected Preserve Zones
increase funding for conservation and protected
area;

understanding what grew in the original forests here

and how to reclaim some of the land for such
purposes;

selective cutting to give boost to the flora will most

likely follow;

pruning of exixting trees and the introduction of

species lost or beneficial to a diverse and productive
forest will commence.

Community Planning and Urban Design 05

Physical
Element 04

PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT

CATEGORIES
Biosphere Reserves
Biosphere reserves are ‘learning places for sustainable
development’.
National Parks
an area set aside by a national government for the
preservation of the natural environment.

Natural Monuments
can be defined as ‘protected areas set aside to
protect a specific land feature, which can be a
landform, sea mount, submarine cavern, geological
feature such as a cave or even a living feature such
as an ancient grove.
Physical
Element 04

Natural Resources Protection Areas

are designated regions specifically set aside to
conserve and manage natural resources, such as
water, minerals, forests, and wildlife.

Flora and Fauna Protection Areas

are designated regions specifically aimed at
conserving plant and animal species, along with
their habitats.
Physical
Element 04

Sanctuaries
are protected areas specifically established to
provide refuge and protection for wildlife,
particularly species that are endangered or
vulnerable.

State Reserves and Parks

are designated areas managed by state governments to
protect natural resources, preserve biodiversity, and
provide recreational opportunities.
Community Planning
and Urban Design

PRODUCTION ELEMENTS
PRODUCTION ELEMENTS
ELEMENT

Community Planning
05 and Urban Design

SHARE
COMPANY
INVESTMENT

DIVIDEND
CONCEPT
CYCLE
SHARED RESPONSIBILITY
OF MEMBERS

SHAREHOLDERS

PROFIT
ELEMENT

Community Planning
05 and Urban Design

GOVERNMENT AGENCIES

TAXES SHARE
DIVIDEND
CONCEPT
CYCLE
SHARED RESPONSIBILITY
OF MEMBERS

PEOPLE/TAXPAYER
PROJECTS
ELEMENT

Community Planning
05 and Urban Design

PURPOSE The primary purpose of

Production Elements is to
OF PRODUCTION sustain the diverse needs of

ELEMENT the community members,

secondary purpose is to
produce certain goods or
services that the community
can exchange with other
communities or sell to the
world at large.
ELEMENT

05 BUSINESS Community Planning

and Urban Design
GENERATING
INCOME, HAS
MADE

FORMS OF
PROPRIETOR/
PROJECT
PARTNERSHIP
NON-INCOME
GENERATION
AND FILLING A
NEED OF THE
COOPERATIVE PRODUCTION
TRIBE GENERATING
INCOME,
DEMOCRATIC
PROCEESSES
AND SHARING
FULL
RESPONSIBILITY OTHERS:

JOBS/SERVICES
STRUCTURES
PRODUCTS
ELEMENT

05 Community Planning
and Urban Design

EXAMPLES OF
GUEST HOUSE
RENTALS
DOCTOR/
MEDICAL
ECONOMIC
HOUSING
PRODUCTION
(BUSINESS)
SERVICES
(WORK) (PROJECT)
ELEMENTS

PAG-IBIG FUND HOTEL PIZERRIA

INSURANCE
(COOPERATIVE) (STRUCTURE) (PRODUCT)
ELEMENT

Community Planning
05 and Urban Design

PRODUCTION
IN ARCHITECTURE
-LIVING HISTORY AND
ENGINE OF THE FUTURE
(DESIGN AND
PRODUCTION CREATES
A PRODUCT, THE
TECHNOLOGY)
PRODUCT COULD BE
MEAN AN OBJECT, BUT KNOWLEDGE OF STRATEGIC
BUILDINGS DO NOT MANAGEMENT IN A CONTEXT
COMMODIFY THE AWARE-FRAMEWORK
NOTION OF AN OBJECT, (METHODS TO MODELS TO
ALSO A PROCESS. ACTUAL PROJECTS)
ELEMENT

Community Planning
05 and Urban Design

PRODUCTION MULTIDIMENSIONAL ENGAGEMENT IN

IN ARCHITECTURE OUR SOCIETY:

ARCHITECTRS HAVE A
SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN BUILDING
-AN ARCHITECTURE CITIES. THEY ARE NOT JUST A
VALUE IS A BUILT PHYSICAL PLACE; ITS A COMPLEX
ARTIFACT (CULTURAL INTERCONNECTED SYSTEM OF
PRODUCTION) HARD AND SOFT
INFRASTRUCTURES, ENVIRONMENT
AND ECOLOGIES, ECONOMIES,
AND SERVICES
ELEMENT

Community Planning
05 and Urban Design

PRODUCTION
IN ARCHITECTURE “WHOSE ROLE IN THE REAL WORLD
LIES MAINLY IN THE RECEPTION OF
ITS BUILT PRODUCTS, AND NOT IN
THEIR MATERIAL PRODUCTION”
“RATHER THAN SEEING MATERIAL PRODUCTION - HE
ARCHITECTURE FROM MEANS MORE THAN JUST
THE OUTSIDE AS DETAILING A BUILDING;
OBJECT, WE NEED TO ACKNOWLEDGING ARCHITECTRS
UNDERSTAND IT AS A AS ACTIVE PROTAGONISTS
FORM OF PRODUCTION, RATHER THAN THE CONSUMERS
FROM WITHIN” - AR. THAT WE HAVE ARGUABLY
SERGIO FERRO BECOME AS A PROFESSION.
COMMUNITY PLANNING AND URBAN DESIGN
Community Planning
and Urban Design

5 ELEMENTS
OF
COMMUNITY Paths Edges District

STRUCTURE

Nodes Landmarks
Community Planning
and Urban Design

PATHS
Are channels along which the observer
customarily, occasionally, or
potentially moves.

Examples of which are the following:

Streets
Walkways
Transit Lines
Canals
Railroads
Community Planning
and Urban Design

EDGES
Are linear elements not used or
considered as paths by the observer.

Examples of which are the following:

Boundaries
Linear Breaks in Continuity
Shores
Railroad Cuts
Edges of Development
Walls
Community Planning
and Urban Design

DISTRICT
Are the medium-to-large sections of
the city, conceived of as having two
dimensional extents: interior and
exterior reference

Examples of which are the following:

District of La Paz
District of Jaro
District of Molo
Community Planning
and Urban Design

NODES
Are points, the strategic spots in a
city into which an observer can enter,
and which are the intensive foci to
and from which he is travelling.

They may be primarily junctions,

places of a break in transportation, a
crossing or convergence of paths,
moments of shift from one structure
to another.
Community Planning
and Urban Design

NODES
Some of these concentration nodes
are the focus and epitome of a
district, over which their influence
radiates and of which they stand as
a symbol.

They may be called cores. The

concept of node is related to the
concept of path, since junctions are
typically the convergence of paths.
Community Planning
and Urban Design

LANDMARKS
Are another type of point reference
(external), and are usually a defined
physical object

Symbolize a constant direction for all

practical purposes

Examples of which are the following:

building
sign
store
SUMMARY
Community Structure means the
internal arrangement of a place
that supports the living costs of its
participants.

MAIN ELEMENTS:
1. Participants
2. Organizational Elements
3. Physical Elements (Village Zones,
Farm Zones. Agroforestry Zones,
Protective Preserve Zones)
4. Production Elements
ARS 401
BSA 4A

Thank You!
MODULE 1 ELEMENTS OF COMMUNITY STRUCTURE isatu.edu.ph