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L 1 Ss Physics MSC 3rd DR Suresh 2017

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67 views

L 1 Ss Physics MSC 3rd DR Suresh 2017

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Uploaded by

vedannt0
Copyright
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Topic: Introduction to Solid State Physics

Subject: SOLID STATE PHYSICS (PH-523)


Course: M.Sc-Physics (3rd Sem)

Dr Suresh Kumar
Associate Professor

Department of Physics
Maharishi Markandeshwar University
Sadopur, Ambala
Solid State Physics: PH-515

UNIT I - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
Review of crystal structure, Crystallographic Directions, Crystallographic Planes,
Close-Packed Crystal Structures, crystal symmetry, space groups; reciprocal lattice;
Bonding in Solids: Bonding Forces and Energies, Primary Interatomic Bonds, Secondary
Bonding or Van der Waals Bonding; Imperfections: Point defects; Dislocations—Linear
Defects, Interfacial Defects, Bulk or Volume Defects, Atomic Vibrations.

UNIT II - X-RAY DIFFRACTION


Electromagnetic radiation, The continuous spectrum, The characteristic spectrum,
Production of x-rays, Detection of x-rays,
Diffraction, The Bragg law, X-ray spectroscopy, Diffraction directions, Diffraction
methods, Scattering by an electrons, Scattering by an atom, Scattering by a unit cell,
Structure-factor calculations, Application to powder method, Debye-Scherrer method.
Solid State Physics : PH-515

UNIT III - LATTICE VIBRATIONS & THERMAL PROPERTIES


Vibrations of monoatomic lattices- first Brillouin zone, group velocity, long wavelength limit,
Vibrations of a diatomic lattice, phonons, phonon momentum, inelastic scattering by phonons;
Lattice heat capacity, Specific heat, Classical Theory (Dulong-Petit Law), Einstein’s Theory of
Specific Heat, Debye’s Theory

UNIT IV – SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
Introduction, Experimental survey, Mechanism of Superconductors, Effects of Magnetic field,
A.C. resitivity, Critical Currents, Flux exclusion-The Meissner Effect, Thermal Properties, The
energy gap, Isotope effect, Mechanical effects Meissner effect, type I and type II
superconductors, isotope effect, thermodynamics of the superconducting transitions, London
equation, coherence length, BCS theory, Ginzburg-Landau theory, Flux quantization in a
superconducting rings, Josephson superconductor tunneling, DC Josephson effect, AC
Josephoson effect, applications of superconductors, high temperature superconductors.
Text books:

Introduction to solid state physics : Charles Kittel (Tata McGraw Hill)

Solid State Physics: C M Kachchhava (New Age International)

Solid state physics: S O Pillai (New Age International)


Principles of Condensed Matter Physics: Chaikin Lubensky (Cambridge Uni.
Press) free ebook available

Solid State Physics: Ashcroft & Mermin (Cengage Learning)

 Solid State Physics: Structure and Properties of Materials: M.A. Wahab


The (3-D) crystal structure of H2O ice Ih (c) consists of bases of H2O ice molecules (b)
located on lattice points within the (2-D) hexagonal space lattice (a). The values for the
H–O–H angle and O–H distance have come from Physics of Ice[1]with uncertainties of
±1.5° and ±0.005 Å, respectively. The white box in (c) is the unit cell defined by Bernal
and Fowler
What is Solid State Physics ?
Condensed matter physics is a branch of physics that deals with the
physical properties of condensed phases of matter. The most familiar
condensed phases are solids and liquids, while more exotic condensed
phases include the superconducting phase, the ferromagnetic and
antiferromagnetic phases.

The diversity of systems and phenomena available for study makes


condensed matter physics the most active field of contemporary
physics: one third of all American physicists identify themselves as
condensed matter physicists, and The Division of Condensed Matter
Physics is the largest division of the American Physical Society.

The field overlaps with chemistry, materials science, and


nanotechnology, and relates closely to atomic physics and biophysics.
Theoretical condensed matter physics shares important concepts and
techniques with theoretical particle and nuclear physics.
Why it is important ?

• Understanding the electrical and magnetic properties of


solids and liquids is right at the heart of modern society
and technology.

• For example: The entire computer and electronics


industry relies on tuning of a special class of material, the
semiconductor.

• New technology for the future will inevitably involve


developing and understanding new classes of materials.
Discovery of Transistor

First chip in 1961 Pentium 4 processor


1000 Transistors in 2002
100 000 000 Transistors
Pauli about semiconductors
In 1931 Wolfgang Pauli famously wrote to
the Physicist, Rudolf Peierls “Ueber
Halbleiter sollte man nicht arbeiten, das ist
eine Schweinerei, wer weiss, ob es
überhaupt Halbleiter gibt.”

“One shouldn’t work on semiconductors,


that is a filthy mess; who knows if they
really exist!”

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