Jasprinse Singh

NSNIS Volleyball

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2.1 Olympics, Paralympics and Special Olympics

2.2 Olympic Symbols, ideals, Objectives and Value of Olympism

2.3 International Olympic Committee

2.4 Indian Olympic Association

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2.1. Olympic, Paralympic and Special
Olympics Olympics
History Reveals that Ancient olympics were held in the honour of god zues, at city of
olympic around 776 BC as the part of Religious festivals. Representative of whole
Greek used to gather at dympia and exhibit their unity during ancient olympic gemes.
The revival work of the games wad undertaken by Barron Piere Decubation who is also
know as father of olympics. Que to their hard efforts the just modern olympic Games
held in 1896 at Athens Greece and Since then these game are held every four years.
The Nest olympics are scheduled for 2020 at Tokyo, JAPAN.

Paraolympics
The wore paraolympics is compositions of two words para and olympics. The word
‘Para’ has been derived from preposition of Greek which means beside or along
side which means that the paraolympics are the parallel games to the olympics
and illustrate how the two movements assist side by side. These events are held
for the person with range of disabilities, including musde impaired, impaired range
of movements, limb deficiency, Leg length differences, short stature, hypertonia
vision impalement. This is similar to Olympic game for disabled sports person in
1960 first time it was organized in Rome. The head quarter of international para
Olympic is situated at Born, Gernmany. The international para Olympic is
responsible for organizing summer and winter Olympic games. At present it
comprises of 176 National Para Olympic Committees.

Special Olympics
Special Olympics is the world's largest sports organisation for children and adults with
intellectual disabilities and physical disabilities providing year round training and
competitions to 5 million athletes and unified sports partons in 172 counties. Special
olympics competition are held every day all around the world in clouding local,
national and regional competitions, adding upto more than 1 Lakhs events a year. like
International paraolympic committee the special olympic Organisation is sroognised
by IOC called International special oympic committee. The major special olympic world
Games is a major went put on by the special olympics. These games alternate between
summer and winter games, in two year cycles recurring every for the year. First special
olympics held on July 20, 1968 at Chicago.
Summer Olympic Games
The Summer Olympic Games or the Games of the Olympiad first held in 1896,
is an international multi-sport event that is hosted by a different city every four
years. The most recent Olympics were held in Rio de Janeiro, BrazilThe
International Olympic Committee organises the games and oversees the host
city's preparations In each Olympic event, gold medals are awarded for first
place, silver medals are awarded for second place, and bronze medals are
awarded for third; this tradition began in 1904 The Winter Olympic Games were
created due to the success of the Summer Olympics.
Eighteen countries have hosted the Summer Olympics. The United States has hosted
four Summer Olympics (1904. 1932, 1984, 1996), more than any other nation, and Great
Britain has hosted three Summer Olympics (1908, 1948. 2012). All in London. Four
cities have hosted two Summer Olympics: Athens (1896. 2004), Paris (1900, 1924). Los
Angeles (1932, 1984). and Tokyo (1964. 2020). Tokyo is the first city outside of the
Western world to host the Summer Olympics multiple times.

Olympic Symbols
The Olympic symbol was created and designed by pierre-de-coubertin himself.
He created Olympic flag which is of a milky white texture in the background
with five inter linked rings of different colours. The rings symbolize the union
of five continents and meeting of the atheletes form all over the world at
Olympics. The five colours are Blue, Black, Red, Yellow & Green. Represents
America, Africa, Australia, Asia and Europe respectively.

Olympic Motto

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Olympic motto is made from three Latin Words.

Objectives of Olympics
(a) To generate the sense of loyalty, brother hood and team spirit
among the participants.
(b) To bring the attention of the world community to understand
the values of the programmes of physical education.
(c) To Promote amateurism among the sport men.
(d) To remove the barriers of caste, creed, religion and colour.
(e) To develop good habits among sports persons.
(f) To encourage moral values and unbiased behaviour through sports.

Olympic Values

If we look at the objectives of Olympic games, we come to learn that

Baron De Coubertin wanted to develop values through Olympic games.
The following values can be developed through Olympic movement:
1. Brotherhood: Olympic movement is instrumental in developing
brotherhood when players of different countries play together,
come together, sit together, dine together—they develop unity
among themselves. Thus brotherhood develops.
2. Impartial game: The Olympic games provide opportunities for impartial
games. These games are based on justice. So. each player and each team
should be judged fairly. Rules and regulations should be applied to each
and every team. There should be no partiality towards a specific team or
player. The sports officials should be true to their words and actions.
“Live by code or get out”—such slogans should be raised.
3. No discrimination: According to the suggestion of Mr. Coubertin, there should
not be any discrimination on the basis of caste, colour and creed. Olympic
games promote the spirit of brotherhood and try to abolish discrimination.
The players of different countries, cultures, tradition, and caste—take part.
They should not treated unfairly. The players forget their background or roots
and they help promote Olympic values. But exceptions

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are always there. In 1972, Olympic games in Munich, Israeli players
were killed ruthlessly. In 1936, Berlin Olympic Jesse Owens bagged
four gold medals but on the grounds of racial discrimination. Adolf
Hitler refused to honor Jese Owens, some countries have vested
interest in these games. They want to prove that they are a better than
the other countries. But it can’t be stated that Olympic movement has
failed to promote values, we should have positive outlook so that
values may be promoted through Olympic movement.
4. Friendship: Olympic movement presents such opportunities as
instrumental in developing friendship not only among players but
also among countries. Players of different countries come to take
part in Olympic games. When they get together, they become
friends. Even when there is tension going on between two
countries, they come close to one another through Olympic games.
5. Respect: This value motivates the players to show sportsman
spirit. Every player should retrospect and also respect the
opponents, rules of game and environment.
6. Values: friendship, brotherhood, unbiased sports and partiality free: It can be
said that Olympic plays an important role in development of these values but
a dark side of Olympics is also seen. Many countries participate in Olympics
just to show their superiority on other countries. This is also a downfall of
these values that many countries of the world boycotted 1980 Moscow
Olympics and 1984 Los Angeles Olympics. The Olympic movement fails to
develop the above said values. There should a positive thinking towards
these values so that these values can be developed.

7. Excellency: This value motivates a person to give the best

performance on field and outside the field.

2.3 International Olympic Comittee

The headquarters of Olympic Committee is situated at Lausanne,
Switzerland. It was formed on 23 June, 1894 by Pierre, Baron De Coubertin.
This committee is comprised of 105 active members and 32 honorary
members. Its first president was a Greek named Demetrius Vikelas.

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This committee once every four years holds summer and winter modern Olympic
games. This committee organized the first summer Olympic games in 1896 in the
Greek city Athens. And the first winter Olympic games were organized in 1924 in
Chamonix. France. Till 1992, summer games, to help space the planning of the two
events two years apart from each other. The first summer youth Olympic Games
were organized in 2010 in Singapore, whereas the first youth winter Olympic
games were organized in 2012 in Innsbruck, city in Austria.
Governing Council
In International Olympic Committee, there are members of different
countries. In present there are 15 members which constitute 1 President, 4
Vice-Presidents, and 10 Executive Board Members. They are as follows:
1. President: The President of International Olympic Committee
is chosen by the members of this committee. The President
tenure is for 8 years. After the expiry of his tenure his period
can be extended once only for four years.
2. Vice-President: International Olympic Committee has four Vice-
President. They too are chosen by the member of International
Olympic Committee. Their tenure is for 4 years. After the expiry of
their tenure they can be chosen again if the members desire so.
3. Executive Board: The Executive Board in chosen by the members of
different countries in a secret ballot. The Executive Board of International
Olympic Committee is held responsible for the administration of
International Olympic Committee and the management of its affairs.

Functions of International Olympic Committee

IOC does different functions which are as follows:

(i) The venue where the Olympic games will be organized is

decided by this committee.
(ii) To elect the new members, proper functioning of sports
programmes, and selection of host city.
(iii) The promotion of sports/games,
(iv) Fight against doping.

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(v) Making rules and regulation for the smooth functioning of games.
(vi) To encourage the different organizations for the support by
social and economical way to the players.
(vii) It encourages and supports the promotion of ethics in sports
as well as in education of youth through sports.
(viii) To motivate the culture and education combined along with sports,
(ix) Fight against political or commercial abuse of sports and athletes.
(x) Encouraging and supporting the promotion of women in sports at all levels.

(xi) Acting against any form of discrimination affecting the Olympic movement.

(xii) To motivate the development of sports.

(xiii) Taking action in order to strengthen the unity and to protect
the independence of the Olympic movement.

Indian Olympic Association

Indian Olympic Association was founded in 1927. Sir Dorabji Tata and Dr. Noehren
became the founder President and Secretary General respectively. Sir Dorabji Tata
was also the first member of IOC. Its members are chosen once every four years.
This committee is comprised of a president, 9 Vice Presidents, 6 Secretaries, one
Honorary Treasurer. Apart from this, 12 representatives of national sports
committee and the representative of State Olympic Committee are also included.
After some time. Sir Dorabji Tata resigned from his post. After that Shri Bhupinder
Singh. Maharaja of Patiala became the President. India participated for the first
time in 1928 Amsterdam Olympic games and won Gold in Hockey. From that time
onwards IOA is working continuously for Olympic movement.
IOA is responsible for the participation in Olympic games and some
other games such as—Asian games. Commonwealth games etc. All
sports federations work to help IOA.

Objectives of Indian Olympic Association

The objectives of Indian Olympic Association are mentioned below:
(i) Development and promotion of the Olympic movement.

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(ii) Enforcement of all rules and regulation of the International
Olympic Committee and Indian Olympic Association.
(iii) To be the official organizations in complete form and whole
charge of all the matters related to Olympic event.
(iv) Promotion and encouragement of the physical, moral and cultural education of
the young people of the nation so that their character can be developed.

(v) Admitting the membership of the stale Olympic Association and

national sports federation for which submission of their annual
reports and audited statement of accounts are necessary. These
documents should be deposited to the IOA for information.
(vi) To be a government organization and control the related matters.
(vii) To undertake with assistance of national sports federations the
financial management, transportation, maintenance and welfare
of teams from India taking part in the Olympic games and other
games which are organized under the patronage of IOC.
(viii) To suggest the names of selected participants to participate
in Olympic games.
(ix) To take disciplinary action against any federation for misbehavior or
any other undesirable activity bringing discredit to the country.
(x) In cooperation with the National Sports
Federation/Associations IOA organizes and control selection,
training, coaching of the teams that will represent India.
(xi) To enforce and defend the exclusive rights of the association
to use the Olympic flag and Olympic insignia.
(xii) To organize national and international competitions.
(xiii) To remove the discrimination of caste, religion, color and area etc.
(xiv) To apply the code of conduct of World Anti-Doping Agency.

Functions of Indian Olympic Association

(i) To promote Olympic movement.
(ii) To organise the games at national and international level.

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(iii) To give names and to support the players to participate at interactional level.

(iv) To synchronize between different federations and Indian government.

(v) To make a healthy relationship amongst the different slate federations.
State Olympic Associations and National Federations and Associations.