Scribd
Upload
22 views

ELH Notes - Chapter 1

Uploaded by

jeanmarismo311
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
22 views

ELH Notes - Chapter 1

Uploaded by

jeanmarismo311
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 29

MGW 112

HEALTH
PSYCHOLOGY
THEME 1
Chapter 1
“Men who
are married
live longer
than men
who are not” WHAT DOES IT ALL MEAN…?
WHAT IS HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY?

“...field devoted to understanding



psychological influences on how
people stay healthy, why they become
ill, and how they respond when they do
get ill” (Taylor, 2018. p.3)
DEFINING HEALTH
Balance among physical, mental and
social well­being
OBJECTIVES
What is health psychology?
History of health and illness
Biopsychosocial model
Biomedical model
Research process
Experimental research
Correlational research
Prospective – and retrospective designs
HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY - FOCUS
1. Health promotion and maintenance
2. Prevention and treatment of illness
3. The causes of health and illness
4. Improve the health care system and
the formulation of health policy
BRIEF HISTORY
MIND-BODY RELATIONSHIP -

Mind body – intertwined


STORIES

https://www.ancient­
origins.net/history/forget­folk­remedies
­medieval­europe­spawned­golden­age
­medical­theory­007507

https://www.history.com/news/a­brief­
history­of­bloodletting
https://www.history.com/news/7­unusual­ancient­medical­techniques
https://www.history.com/news/7­unusual­ancient­medical­techniques
MIND-BODY RELATIONSHIP
HISTORY CONT.
 Middle ages: supernatural explanations
Church: Authority, governed medical knowledge
Physician = Priests

Advances in understanding medicine


Microscope developed
Autopsies
Humoral theory
Focus laboratory findings – Bodily factors = disease

Mind ≠ diseases
Illness =
biological
orientation

PSYCHOLOCIAL

BIOLOGICAL

Illness ≠
psychological
factors
PSYCHOANALYTIC CONTRIBUTIONS

Sigmund Freud – conversion hysteria


Unconscious conflicts physical
manifestations
Psychological conflict converted into physical
symptoms

Example: sudden loss of vision, speech,


tremors or muscle paralysis – without any
biological pathology to explain the
malfunction
HISTORY CONT.
PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE
Dunbar & Alexander linked patterns of
personality to specific illnesses

Physical symptoms caused by EMOTIONAL


CONFLICTS

 Recognise the role of Psychological factors


= Physical Health
DISEASE DEVELOPMENT
Disease =

Biological cause

+
Social and Psychological factors
ALL illnesses raise PSYCHOLOGICAL

issues

Disease interaction between:



biological factors + environmental
stressors + psychological factors
CURRENT MIND-BODY
PERSPECTIVE
“The MIND and BODY cannot be
separated in matters of HEALTH and
ILLNESS”

(Taylor, 2018)
BIOMEDICAL MODEL

Biological
BIOMEDICAL MODEL
Disadvantages of the biomedical model:

Reductionistic single­factor model


Mind­body dualism
Emphasise illness over health
BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL (BPS)

This figure was uploaded by Jordan A. Gliedt.


BPS MODEL
 Advantages of the BPS model:

–Biological, psychological and social factors NB


determinants of health and illness
–Macro­level processes (Soc and Psych)
–Micro­level processes (Biol)

(Taylor, 2018)
BPS MODEL ADVANTAGES CONT.
 BPS model emphasise both health and illness

 Systems Theory:
Changes in any one part Micro­
level
changes all the parts in
a systems
Macro­
level

System
HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCH

Experiments
Correlational Studies
Prospective Designs
Retrospective Designs
EXPERIMENTS
Requirements:
1. Manipulation
• Independent variable (IV) and Dependent variable (DV)
• IV: manipulated variable
• DV: measured variable
2. Randomization ­ sample
3. Measurement
4. Comparison
5. Control – Extraneous variables – confounding variable

CAUSE­AND­EFFECT
CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH

Researchers demonstrate the existence


of a relationship between two or more
variables as they exist naturally
NO manipulation
RESEARCH
 Prospective designs:
Looks forward in time to see how a group of people
change, or how a relationship between two variables
change over time (longitudinal studies)

 Retrospective designs:
Looks backward in time, attempt to reconstruct the
conditions that led to a current situation
HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY
Examines the
psychological and
social factors that
enhances health,
prevents and treats
illness and
evaluates and
changes health
policies
CONCLUSION
Important for chapter 1
What is health psychology?
History of health and illness
Mind­Body relationship

Biopsychosocial model and Biomedical model


Advantages and disadvantages of the models
Research process
Experimental research
Correlational research
Prospective – and retrospective designs

You might also like