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OSH Report

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18 views

OSH Report

fafdzfz

Uploaded by

Vinod Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

“Jnana Sangama,” BELAGAVI – 590 014, KARNATAKA, INDIA

Project Report
ON

“FIRE AND CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE”

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for

the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
SUBMITTED BY:

VINOD KUMAR S [1IC21EC0008]


IMPACT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES

Kodigehalli, Sahakaranagar Post, Bengaluru- 560 092

FIRE
Technical explanation for fire is naturally occurring energy release
in the form of heat and light
when oxygen combines with a combustible or burnable material at
a suitable high temperature.
Three things must be present at the same time in order to produce
fire.
i. Enough oxygen to sustain combustion.
ii. Enough heat to raise the material to its ignition
temperature.
iii. Some sort of fuel or combustible material.
Fire or Combustion is a chemical reaction between Oxygen and
combustible fuel. It is a process
by which fire converts Fuel & Oxygen in to energy usually in the
form of heat, by products of
combustion includes light and smoke. For the reaction to start a
source of ignition such as a spark
or open flame or a sufficiently high temperature is needed.

A fire can be prevented or extinguished by removing any one of


the elements in the fire triangle. For example, covering a fire with
a fire blanket blocks oxygen and can extinguish a fire. In large fires
where firefighters are called in, decreasing the amount of oxygen is
not usually an option because there is no effective way to make
that happen in an extended area.

FIRE TRIANGLE
Fire is a chain reaction, for combustion to
continue these must be a
constant source of fuel , Oxygen & heat
which are in intimate contact with each other.
This is explained by the fire triangle
How to extinguish fire?

Remove the fires access to fuel or remove the


Oxygen & fire dies. Although a spark may start a fire
but the heat produced during fire is necessary to
sustain it. Therefore, a fire may be put out by
removing the fuel source starting it of Oxygen or
cooling it below the combustion point. Even in
Oxygen rich environment, fire can be avoided by
controlling heat and breaking the bond between three
elements of fire which is shown in figure by broken
triangle.
CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE
There are six different types of fire classes which are based
on the energy source that has caused them. Classifying a
fire according to its energy source also makes it easier to
choose the most appropriate method of fighting the fire.
The classes of fire area as follows:
Class A – Ordinary combustible fires Materials involved in
these types of fires include paper, wood, textiles, rubber,
some plastics and other organic carbon-based compounds.
Class A fires can be extinguished using appliances and fire
extinguishers that spray water. The water cools the fire,
removing the heat supply which is essential for the fire to
burn. Class B – Flammable liquids Examples of liquids that
are flammable include petrol, kerosene, alcohol, solvents
and paints. Fires involving these volatile chemicals burn at
a very high temperature give lots of heat and often spread
quickly. These fires also produce toxic smoke and fumes,
which can make situations involving these types of risks
very difficult to control. Class C – Flammable gases
Commercial premises used to store flammable gases such
as butane, propane and petroleum gases can be very
dangerous. Even a single spark has the potential to create
an explosion consequently there are many laws to ensure
flammable gases are stored securely in sealed containers
and many insurers insist on having additional gas detection
systems installed to provide an early signs of gas leakage.
Fires involving flammable gases are one of the hardest
fires to put out as it can be hard to isolate the source of
leakage and stop the release of gas or flammable liquid.
Class D – Metal fires It requires a lot of heat to ignite most
metals, but metals are good conductors and transfer heat
away quickly to their surroundings so can be the cause of a
fire. Powdered metals and metal shavings are easier to
ignite than solid lumps of metal and therefore a much
higher fire risk. Standard fire extinguishers will not put out
a class D fire and, if used on this type of risk, will almost
certainly make the situation worse. Class E – Electrical fires
Electrical fires can be caused by faulty equipment,
damaged wiring, short circuits, and overloaded
switchboards and sockets. Although electrical fires are not
strictly a fire class of their own, electricity is classed as a
source of ignition and has its own special fire safety
requirements. You should never try to extinguish a fire
caused by electricity using water or foam as this acts as a
conduit and could electrocute the person holding the
appliance. Class F – Cooking oil fires Class F fires involve
cooking oil and fats. These ignite at very high temperatures
making them difficult to extinguish. Standard fire
extinguishers will not put out a class F fire and, if used on
this type of risk, will almost certainly make the situation
worse

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