Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1
ii
Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1
iii
Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1
iv

Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1
v

Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1
vi
Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The Planning Management Team (PMT) and the Technical Working Group (TWG)
for the updating of the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of Cagayan de Oro
City acknowledges with appreciation the following:

✔ The Housing and Land use Regulatory Board – Northern Mindanao Region
for providing technical assistance during the modular workshops;
✔ The National Economic Development Authority (NEDA) – Region 10 for
providing technical and financial assistance in the preparation of the Disaster
Risk Assessment (DRA) Report;

✔ The United Nations (UN) Habitat for providing technical and financial
assistance in the preparation of the Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment
(VAA) Report;

✔ The representatives of the different sectors who actively participated in the

workshops and consultations and for providing data and relevant information
concerning their respective sectors:

⮚ Non-Government Organizations

⮚ Government Organizations and Line Agencies

⮚ Academe

⮚ Business Sector;

✔ City Mayor Oscar S. Moreno for giving his full support to the project;

✔ Vice Mayor Cesar Ian E. Acenas and Members of the City Council for taking
the lead as chairman of the different sectors;

✔ The City Government Department Heads and Chiefs of Offices for providing
data and for helping coordinate the formulation of priority programs and
projects with their respective sectoral groups.

Engr. ISIDRO G. BORJA

City Planning and Development Coordinator

vii
Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

Executive Summary

The Cagayan de Oro City Comprehensive Land Use Plan for the period 2013 to
2022 was prepared pursuant to the Local Government Code of 1991 (RA 7160),
which mandated the Local Government Units, to “prepare their comprehensive
land use plans and enact them through zoning ordinances”.
This plan has been prepared by the City Government of Cagayan de Oro with
technical assistance from the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB)
and National Economic Development Authority (NEDA). The Plan is meant to guide
the city’s future physical development and to steer the city’s growth as the business
and trading center of Southern Philippines. It provides a framework of goals,
objectives, strategies and actions required for the city by the year 2022.

I. Vision

“A city managed through good governance, empowering its citizenry to thrive in a

highly competitive economy and a sustainable environment nurturing its diversity and
multi-cultural heritage towards a resilient, progressive, and inclusive future.”

II. Brief Situationer

Demography

Cagayan de Oro is the 10th most populous city in the country with a total population
of 602,088 based on May 2010 Census of National Statistics Office and constitutes
14.01% of the total population in Region X. Its annual population growth rate (APGR)
of 2.69% from 2000-2010 is higher than that of the National and Region X which is
2.32%. The high APGR is mainly due to immigration from adjoining municipalities.
The population will double in the span of 23 years or in 2036 (CdeO SEP, 2011).
Cagayan de Oro has a population density of 11 persons per hectare. Among the
densely populated barangays are as follows: Macabalan, Consolacion, Lapasan,
Barangays 12,13,17,18,19,22,25,26,32,34,35, Nazareth and Carmen. These
barangays are located along Cagayan River and near Macajalar Bay which exposes
more people to the risk of overflowing waterways during heavy downpour.

Local Economy

The city plays a very important economic role not only in Region X but also in the
whole Mindanao Island.

Revenue Sources - The City gets its income and other revenue from the
following: taxes; fees, permits & licenses, business and services, subsidies
from the national government and other sources. Total revenue generated in

viii
Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

2011 amounted to PhP1.72 Billion. The biggest source of income is the

Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA) of 52.46%.
Agriculture - About 34.65% of the City’s total land area (57,851.00 has) is
devoted to agriculture in 2011 and 33.27% in 2012. Of the agricultural, cover
6,008.40 hectares are devoted to crops in 2011 and 3,854.50 has. in 2012.
Crops produced are both food and commercial crops. Food crops include rice,
corn and vegetables while commercial crops are abaca, banana, cacao and
coffee, root crops and fruits and nuts.
Livestock and Poultry - Hogs’ population is highest among the livestock,
comprising 59.2% in 2011 and 62.2% in 2012. Similarly, hogs ranks highest in
number which is 87.4% of the total slaughtered animals in 2011 and 87.2 % in
2012. All animals slaughtered passed the meat inspection standard.
Trade and Industry - Wholesale and retail remain highest in number
constituting 61% in 2011and 59.7% in 2012. The top ten establishments can
be gleaned in the table below. The other top Major Industries are Services
and Financial. The lowest among industries is Agriculture/Fishery sector.
Tourism - Major attractions in the City consist of natural and man-made
spots. Accommodations, Dining & Night Life, and Recreational Facilities are
comparatively splendid. The whitewater rafting in Cagayan River has been
one of the most famous tourism activities in CDO.

III Urban Development Challenges of Cagayan de Oro City

The availability and accessibility of the City to public services, key facilities, and
critical infrastructures serves as a magnet to attract more people towards to City.
This urban phenomenon drains the service delivery capacity of the city and poses a
lot of urban development issues. Informality, poverty and vulnerability, and slums are
increasingly becoming the key social and underdevelopment issues in the city.

Listed below are the general urban development challenges faced by the City.

Urban development issues faced by the city

Key Areas Priority Issues

Urban
∙ Need assistance for the preparation of Comprehensive
Planning
Development Plan (incorporating elements for sustainable urban
development) ∙ Weak regulation and planning to manage slums
(land management issues) and limited knowledge/approaches and
experiences on resettlement development and management
∙ Weak enforcement of zoning ordinance (e.g. cleared areas,
danger areas)
∙ Need technical assistance for city expansion and urban growth,

ix
Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

resettlement of households in danger areas, commercial use (mix

use development)- proposed site for city extension: west uptown
and western growth nodes – preparation of “sustainable” urban
design and technologies (green technologies)
∙ Limited baseline tool and data-base management for urban

planning ∙ Presence of informal settlers

∙ Traffic Congestion

∙ Frequent Flooding

∙ Inadequate Supply of Potable Water in some areas

∙ Water Pollution and Contamination

∙ Frequent flooding in business districts

∙ High level of GHG emission

Urban
∙ City Economic Enterprises not meeting Operations &
Economy
& Maintenance costs(subsidized)
Finance ∙ Limited livelihood and employment support for resettlement
areas (5,000 families from sending and the communities within
danger areas
∙ Insufficient/low income

∙ Mismatched skills and the need of the industry

∙ Low farm productivity

∙ Unregulated mining activities

∙ Low agricultural productivity

∙ Undeveloped tourism sites

DRRM
∙ Limited baseline on Vulnerability (impact quantification, detailed)
and
CCA and enhancement of the City DRRM Plan
∙ Need training support/capacity building for City DRRM

office ∙ Problems on flooding/drainage system (also linked to

urban planning)
∙ Training on climate change adaptation and urban development

Urban
∙ encroachment of vendors to sidewalks/pedestrian
Mobility
∙ Need to have a city wide and comprehensive transport plan.
Considering the closure of Lumbia Airport, the city has to prepare
its mobility and connectivity plan to the new international airport
(Laguindingan Airport)
∙ Problem on parking areas, lack of green parking spaces
(potential demo project)

Urban
∙ High carbon emission (transport)- need support for city
Energy
regulation and guidelines

x
Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

∙ Low capacity of LGU on urban energy standards (guidelines,

minimum design, green building, etc.)- no clear local policy yet
on energy efficiency and conservation

Governan
∙ Demand for urban renewal (small sidewalks/blighted areas)/land
ce & Land
Management re adjustment intervention
∙ No clear policy on migration

∙ Boundary disputes with neighboring areas- need support for

land assessment, inventory and administration
∙ Need support/technical assistance on urban expansion
development and designing
∙ Inadequate protective services facilities

∙ Absence of established evacuation centers

∙ Absence of social welfare center

∙ Gateway to Northern Mindanao

∙ Center of trade/transshipment point in the region

∙ Competitive transportation services

∙ Presence of multi-national investors (SM, Ayala, LKKS)

∙ Major tourism destination in Northern Mindanao

∙ 21.062 km coastline potential for coastal tourism

∙ Presence of fishing grounds

∙ Modern facilities (health, school, market, terminal…)

∙ Strong public-private partnership

∙ Well-developed telecom facilities/power supply/road networks

∙ Existing natural resources and heritage(rivers, caves, flora and fauna,

forest),natural landscapes (plateaus, gorges, terraces)

IV Major Development Goals & Objectives

⮚ The upliftment of socio-economic condition by empowering the citizenry

for a safe, healthy and secured community integrating the principles of
DRR-CCA

∙ To promote safe, peaceful, orderly, healthy and CCA+DRR resilient

community
∙ To improve the quality of education

∙ To Implement housing and urban development-related initiatives ∙

To promote vvalues formation in the community
∙ To promote skills development and technology transfer

∙ To provide livelihood opportunities.

xi
Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

⮚ Strong and responsive governance

∙ To strengthen government-private collaboration

∙ To strictly implement environmental and other laws and ordinances ∙

To improve efficiency in fiscal management
∙ To promote transparency and accountability in government transactions

⮚ Sustainable development for the protection and utilization of natural

resources for inclusive growth
∙ To preserve natural tourist attractions and cultural heritage sites ∙
To protect, maintain and enhance inland and coastal waters
∙ To ensure effective solid and liquid waste disposal

∙ To arrest degradation and rehabilitate denuded forest areas

∙ To promote sustainable use of mineral resources

∙ To protect wildlife and vegetation and preserve biodiversity

∙ To minimize occurrence of flooding in the low lying areas and along

the riverbanks and its adjoining areas
∙ To minimize air pollution in the Urban areas

∙ To protect and conserve ground and surface water

⮚ Investment Enabling City

∙ To maintain good peace and order condition

∙ To promote green and disaster resilient infrastructure

∙ To provide infrastructure facilities and utility support

∙ To Increase agricultural productivity

∙ To organize and develop alternative livelihood system

∙ To provide adequate supply of potable water

∙ To strengthen human resources development

∙ To promote private-public partnership

∙ To reduce cost of doing business

V Preferred Development Thrust

Major Spatial Development Strategies

1. Entice development through the provision of basic and excellent facilities in

identified growth areas (Western Urban Development, West-Uptown
Urban Development, East-Uptown Urban Development, and Eastern
Urban Development).

2. Conservation and protection of natural sites and heritage i.e. gorges

landscape, critical habitat, wetlands and river system (Macahambus,
Mambuaya, FS Catanico, Malasag, Dansolihon, Bayanga, Cugman,
Agusan, Indahag, Balubal)
xii
Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

3. Incorporate provisions of pedestrian (walkways, bicycle lane) on proposed

road right- of- way (Divisoria, Poblacion)

4. Identify and legally declare built heritage sites in Divisoria, Taguanao and
Poblacion and regulate building heights, architecture and color for
historical-cultural tourism

5. Intensify and sustain urban greening in Poblacion, Isla de Oro and along
riverbanks

6. Establish new sanitary landfill in Pagatpat/other suitable alternative site

7. Enforce the setback requirements along public roads for yield

points/loading-unloading bay

8. Intensify greening and fruit tree growing in sloping areas of Barangays

Bayanga, Lumbia, Agusan, Baikingon, Besigan, Camaman-an, Canitoan,
Carmen, Taglimao, Pigsag-an, Balulang, Tignapoloan, and Dansolihon
9. Light-Medium Industrial Areas – Tablon, Cugman, Agusan, Bugo, Puerto,
Lumbia

10.Mangrove reforestation - Bayabas, Bonbon, Agusan, Tablon, Cugman,

Bugo, Puerto, Bulua

11.Provision of structural mitigation measures (special land use planning) for

hazard prone areas

12.Provision of housing for settlers in blighted areas

Development of Urban Centers

Urban Expansion Area # 1 - Western Urban Development

Serve as major convergence point for goods and products, people and
transport service to and from the western part of the region as well as
Laguindingan Airport.
House new commercial mixed use medium to high density pedestrian friendly
center for CdeO

Urban Expansion Area #2 - West-Uptown Urban Development

Covering Barangays Carmen, Canitoan, Lumbia and Pagatpat. This will be a
medium to high-density, mixed-use pedestrian friendly center with high end,
low-density type of development for residential and commercial uses. The

xiii
Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

Lumbia Airport shall be converted into an industrial area/economic zone now

that the Laguindingan Airport is operational.
Urban Expansion #3 - East-Uptown Urban Development Area
Located in Barangays Gusa, Indahag, Macasandig and Camaman-an. This
area will have the same function as that of the West-Uptown Development
Area with the presence of high-end subdivisions like the Fil-Estate Subdivision
and Alegria Hills. Presence of convention center, presence of government
institution (Court of Appeals in Indahag), high end residential, heritage area
(Huluga Cave in Indahag).

Urban Expansion #4 - Eastern Urban Development

This area is composed of the following sub-nodes, namely: Upper Puerto,
which is identified as an Agro-Industrial Area; Lower Puerto and Bugo which
are existing industrial and residential areas; Agusan and Balubal, which are
hosts to high-end subdivisions; Tablon, which is an existing industrial area;
and, Palalan, Tablon, which is identified for Agro-Tourism.

Urban Expansion Area #5 - Downtown Development Area

This area is composed the existing major urban center of the City, the
Poblacion/Carmen and its contiguous areas comprising the present Central
Business District (CBD) expanding to Lapasan, Gusa, Puntod, Macabalan,
and Patag. The Poblacion (CBD) is host to the city government center, major
trade businesses and financial facilities serving both the individual and
business sector needs of the City.

xiv
Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1
xv
Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

VI The Land Use Plan

A. General Land and Water Uses

Proposed General Land Use

DESCRIPTION AREA (has) % to total

AGRICULTURAL 14,760 26%

FOREST 27,730 48%

TOURISM 1,167 2%

URBAN LAND USE 12,123 21%

TOTAL 55,781

AREA COVERED BY UTILITIES/ROADS/ETC 2,070 4%

TOTAL LAND AREA 57,851 100%

xvi
Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1
xvii
Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

Urban Land Uses

Proposed Urban Land Use

DESCRIPTION AREA (has) % to total

AGRO-INDUSTRIAL 1,189 10%

BUSINESS DISTRICT 219 2%

GENERAL INSTITUTIONAL 373 3%

HIGH DENSITY RESIDENTIAL AREA 113 1%

INDUSTRIAL DISTRICT 285 2%

LOW DENSITY RESIDENTIAL AREA 550 5%

MEDIUM DENSITY RESIDENTIAL AREA 8,452 70%

OTHER COMMERCIAL DISTRICT 470 4%

PARKS/OPEN SPACES 325 3%

SOCIALIZED HOUSING 69 1%

SWAMP/MARSHLAND 80 1%

TOTAL 12,123 100%

VII Proposed Major Programs and Projects

A. Development of Urban Growth Areas

1. Western Urban Development Plan

✔ Commercial Strip along Western Coastal Highway

✔ Completion and widening of western coastal highway

✔ Main drain (canal)

✔ Waste water treatment

✔ Preservation and expansion of wetlands in Bulua, bonbon

and Bayabas.

2. West-Uptown Urban Development Plan

✔ Development Master and Urban Design Plan

✔ Road Network Development

✔ Green belt along more than 18% slope areas

✔ Tree parks in subdivisions

✔ Main drain at Lumbia from airport going to Calaanan Creek

✔ Waste water treatment for subdivisions

✔ Retention/Detention basins

✔ Rain Harvesting Facilities for commercial establishments

and residential
✔ Retirement community

✔ Provision of multi-purpose and socio-economic centers

(reading centers, parks, and the like

xviii
Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

3. East-Uptown Urban Development Plan

✔ Slope protection/regulated development

✔ Green belt areas & tree parks in subdivision projects

✔ Retention/Detention Basins

✔ Waste water treatment for subdivisions

✔ Rain Harvesting for commercial establishments and

residential

4. Eastern Urban Development Plan

✔ JR Borja Extension shall be connected to Agusan, Balubal

and Puerto.
✔ Concreting from Agusan to Manolo Fortich Highway
✔ Waste water treatment for subdivisions
✔ Green belt along more than 18% slope areas

✔ Tree parks in subdivisions

✔ Rain Harvesting Facility for commercial establishments

and residential
✔ Slope protection/regulated development

✔ Regulate/Limit industrial land use along coastal area at

Tablon
✔ Harmonize the various land uses in Tablon and enhance
the ecology (mangrove reforestation)
✔ Livelihood improvement for the marginal fisherfolks
affected at the same time retain the industrial base
✔ Provision of multi-purpose and socio-economic centers
(reading centers, parks, and the like)
✔ Agro-Tourism development at Palalan, Tablon

✔ Secondary Road (20m) Network for Palalan, Tablon

5. Downtown Urban Development Plan

✔ Expanded Downtown Master Plan

✔ Provision of sidewalks and pedestrian lanes

✔ Waste water Interceptors along Cagayan de Oro River

✔ Green belt areas at Islas de Oro, Bugnaw, Baksan

✔ Rain Harvesting facility for commercial establishments and

residential
✔ Urban renewal for blighted areas

✔ River front development project

✔ Urban greening of Divisoria

✔ Mixed high-density residential and commercial

establishments at Poblacion
✔ Parking Buildings

B. Natural sites and Heritage Development

C. Pedestrian Network Development

xix
Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

D. Transport Master Plan

✔ Downtown check-in and shuttle for airport passengers from

Cagayan de Oro to Laguindingan Airport
✔ Fast craft to Laguindingan Airport

✔ Introduction of new traffic scheme

E. Drainage System Master Plan

F. Urban Greening Program
G. Wastewater Management Plan
1. Septage Management Plan (Septage Treatment Plant)
2. Waste water Interceptor
3. Waste water Treatment Plant

H. Solid Waste Management Plan

1. Sanitary Landfill at Pagatpat
2. Closure/Rehab of Dagong Dumpsite
3. Transfer Station
4. Material Recovery Facility

I. Reforestation Program

xx
Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CDC RESOLUTION approving the CLUP i SP RESOLUTION adopting the

CLUP ii RLUC RESOLUTION endorsing the CLUP iii FOREWORD v
MESSAGE OF THE VICE MAYOR vi
Acknowledgment vii Executive Summary viii Table of Contents xxi List of
Tables xxiv List of Maps xxv Annexes xxvi
Chapter 1 Brief Profile of the City 1 1.1.Brief History 2 1.2.Human

Resources 2

1.2.1 Population Size and Growth Rate 3 1.2.2 Population Density 3

1.2.3 Population Distribution 6 1.2.4 Labor Force 7

1.3.Physical Features 8

1.3.1 Geographic Location 8 1.3.2 Land Area 8 1.3.3 Territorial

Jurisdiction and Barangay Subdivision 9

1.4.Physical/Infrastructure Resources 13 1.4.1 Transportation Network

13

1.4.1.1 Land Transportation 13 1.4.1.2 Air Transportation 13

1.4.1.3 Sea Transportation 16

1.4.2 Services/Facilities/Utilities/Amenities 16

1.4.2.1 Power 16 1.4.2.2 Water 18 1.4.2.3 Communication

Network 20 1.4.2.4 Waste Management 20

xxi
Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

1.5.The Economic Structure 22

1.5.1 Revenue Sources 22 1.5.2 Employment 23 1.5.3 Average

Family Income 23

1.6.Existing Land Use and Land Use Trends 24

General Land Use 24 Urban Land Use 29

1.7.Comparative/Competitive Advantage 34 1.8.Weaknesses: Priority

Issues and Concerns 34 1.9.Functional Role of the City 35

Chapter 2 Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment 36 2.1 Disaster Risk

Assessment 36

2.1.1 Summary of Areas Susceptible to Hazards 36 2.1.2 Risk

Evaluation 45

2.2 Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment 52

2.2.1 Assessment Framework and Methodology 52 2.2.2 Cross-Sectoral

Analysis 52 2.2.2.1 Threat Level 52 2.2.2.2 Adaptive Capacity Status 68
2.2.3 Identifying Key Adaptation Options 72

Chapter 3 The Comprehensive Land Use Plan 86

3.1 Introduction 86 3.2 Vision 86

3.3 Goals, Objectives, Strategies 86

3.3.1 Goals 86 3.3.2 Objectives 86 3.3.3 Strategies 89

3.3.3.1 Social 89 3.3.3.2 Economic 90 3.3.3.3 Infrastructure 90

3.3.3.4 Land Use and Environment 91

xxii
Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

3.4 The Concept/Structure Plan 92

3.4.1 Preferred Development Thrust 93 3.4.2 Major Spatial

Development Strategies 93

3.5 The Land Use Plan 96

3.5.1 Urban Land Demand 96 3.5.2 Land Supply 96 3.5.3 General

Land and Water Uses 96 3.5.4 Urban Land and Water Uses 99 3.5.5
Development Directions/Guidelines/Policies 105

3.5.5.1 Urban Development-Growth Areas 105

3.5.5.1.1 Urban Expansion Area # 1 105 (Western Urban

Development Area)

3.5.5.1.2 Urban Expansion Area # 2 105 (West Uptown

Development Area)

3.5.5.1.3 Urban Expansion Area # 3 106 (East Uptown

Development Area)

3.5.5.1.4 Urban Expansion Area # 4 107 (Eastern Urban

Development Area)

3.5.5.1.5 Urban Expansion Area # 5 108 (Downtown

Development Area)

3.6 Land Use Sector Policy Options 115 3.7Land Use and Environment
Priority Programs and Projects 127

3.7.1 Land Use Sector 127 3.7.2 Environment Sector 127

xxiii
Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1
LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Title Page 1.1 Historical Growth of Population, 1903-2010 3 1.2
Urban-Rural Population Density, 2010 4 1.3 Population by Urban and Rural
Barangay, 2010 6 1.4 Labor Force Population, 2010 7 1.5 Land Area by
Barangay by District, 2010 8 1.6 Schedule of Flights, 2013 (Laguindingan Airport)
13
1.7 Number of Household Served by Distribution Utility, 2012 16 1.8 Status
of Water Supply System, 2012 18
1.9 Income Generation by Source for the Last Three (3)
22
Years (2009-2011)
1.10 Employment Rate, 2010 23 1.11 Comparative General Land Use (2000
& 2012) 27 1.12 Comparative Urban Land Use (2000 & 2012) 32 2.1
Summary of Areas Susceptible to Hazards 36 2.2 Disaster Risk Reduction
Strategies 48
2.3 Average Threat Level Scores Across All Five
52
Development Sectors
2.4 Perceived Adaptive Capacity 68 2.5 Average Rating per Adaptive
Capacity Dimension 69 2.6 Relative Vulnerability to Hazard 70 2.7 Relative
Vulnerability per Sector 71
2.8 Long List of Adaptation Options Obtained from City-Wide
82
Consultation Workshop
3.1 Proposed General Land and Water Use 97 3.2 Proposed Urban Land
and Water Use 102

xxiv
Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

ANNEXES

Annex A Goal Achievement Matrix (Final Ranking) 131

Annex B Assessing Single Actions for DRR – Land Use 134
and Environment Sector
Annex C Disaster Risk Assessment Report 148 ∙ Historical Occurrence of
Hazards, 1916-2012 149 Annex D Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment
Report 151

Annex E emission scenario in

∙ Projected Change in Monthly
provinces of Region 10
∙ Monthly Average Temperature Average
(1981-2010) ∙ Average Monthly Temperature Workshop Pictures
152 153 154
Rainfall & No. of Rainy Days (1981- ∙ Seasonal rainfall change (in %) in
2010) 2020 and 2050 under medium
range-emission scenario for
∙ Total Annual Number of Typhoons Cagayan de Oro City 155 156
in Cagayan de Oro City
∙ Projected Change in Monthly
∙ Seasonal temperature change (°C) Average Rainfall for 2020 and 2050 156 157
in 2020 and 2050 under medium-
range emission scenario for ∙ Frequency of extreme events in
Cagayan de Oro City 2020 and 2050 under medium-range157 159

xxv
Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1
LIST OF MAPS

Map No. Title Page 1.1 Population Density Map 5 1.2 Region X Map 10 1.3 Base
Map 11 1.4 Barangay Boundary Map 12
1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 19
Road Network Map Location Map of Sanitary Landfill
14
Urban Road Network Map

15
Electric Power Facilities of Cagayan de Oro City 21

17
Water Facilities Map
1.10 Existing General Land Use Map 28 1.11 Existing Urban Land Use Map 33
2.1 2.2 Pablo Map Geohazard Map
Flashflood Typhoon Sendong and 40 41
2.3 Liquefaction Risk Map 42 2.4 Tsunami Risk Map 43 2.5 Earthquake
Induced Landslide Hazard Map 44 2.6 Social Sector Risk Map 54 2.7 Economic
Sector Risk Map 55 2.8 Infrastructure Sector Risk Map 56 2.9 Environment
Sector Risk Map 57 2.10 Land Use Sector Risk Map 58
2.11 Multi-Hazard Risk Map 59 2.12 Drought Vulnerability Map of Cagayan de
Oro City 60 2.13 Flood Vulnerability Map of Cagayan de Oro City 61 2.14
Landslide Vulnerability Map of Cagayan de Oro City 62
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Urban Land Use Plan 95
The Structure Plan Transport Network and Circulation 98
General Land Use Plan Pattern 103 104

xxvi
Cagayan de Oro City 2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1
Chapter 1

Brief Profile of
the City

Chapter 1 – Brief Profile of the City Page 1

Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

1.1 Brief History

The City's history dates back many centuries before the Spaniards came
when the territory was called Kalambagohan. Its main town, Himologan, was
an uphill fortress situated some eight kilometers south of the present
Poblacion.

At the time when the first Spanish missionaries came in 1622, the people of
Cagayan had tributary relation to Kudarat, the Muslim Sultan of Maguindanao
Empire in Cotabato. However, the people had not embraced Islam and
instead, many became Christians after sometime. Because of this, Muslim
warriors began to attack the settlement. As a defense strategy, the priests
persuaded the people to transfer from the hilltop to a better location which is
the present site of the Saint Augustine Cathedral. The Cagayanons were able
to defend themselves for almost 250 years from Muslim harassment.
In 1738, Spanish dominance was felt in Cagayan. When Misamis gained
status of province in 1818, one of its four districts was the Partidos de
Cagayan.

In 1871, the "Partidos" became a town and was made permanent capital of
Misamis. In 1883, the town became seat of the Spanish government in
Mindanao for the provinces of Misamis Oriental, Misamis Occidental,
Bukidnon, Lanao del Norte. Consequently, from a purely farming-fishing area,
Cagayan emerged into a booming commerce and trade center.

The war years in Cagayan were prompted by the presence of the Americans
in 1898. The Americans were initially and successfully repulsed by the local
forces led by Major Apolinar Velez at the historic battle of Macahambus in
June 4, 1900.

After the troubled years, peace finally brought back the economic activities to
normal under the guidance of Americans. St. Augustine School, the
forerunner of the present Xavier University and of Lourdes College, was
inaugurated in 1928.

On June 15, 1950 President Elpidio Quirino signed Republic Act No. 521,
which granted the status of a chartered city to the municipality of Cagayan de
Oro.

Following these events, the socio-economic order underwent some far

reaching changes. Activities grew in scale and importance until it developed
as the administrative center for the entire Northern Mindanao (Region X and
XIII).

Chapter 1 – Brief Profile of the City Page 2

Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

1.2 Human Resources

1.2.1 Population Size and Growth Rate

Cagayan de Oro City posted a total population of 602,088 persons as of May

1, 2010 (NSO actual), which is 73.98 percent of the total provincial population
of 813,856. This represents an increase of 140,211 persons over the total
population of 461,877 in 2000. The 2010 figures translated to an annual
population growth of 2.69 percent from 2000 to 2010. It is expected that the
population will double in 26 years or in 2036.

Table 1.1
Historical Growth of Population, 1903-2010
Cagayan de Oro City
Year Population Increase/ Growth Growth Rate
Decrease Rate

% Provincial Regional National

1903 11,029

1918 21,179 92 %

1939 28,062 32.5 %

1948 48,084 71.3 %

1960 46,266 -3.8 %

1970 128,319 177.35 % 5.19 3.56 2.78

1975 165,220 28.8 % 6.59 3.28 2.71

1980 227,312 37.6 % 4.10 2.22 2.35

1990 339,598 49.4 % 4.44 2.32 2.32

2000 461,877 36.0 % 2.54 1.67 2.04

2010 602,088 30.4 % 2.69

Source: National Statistics Office

1.2.2 Population Density

The average population density of the City is 11 persons per hectare. The
most densely populated barangay is Macabalan with a population density of
450 persons per hectare. It is followed by Barangay 35 and Barangay 18.
Barangay Besigan has the lowest population density of about 0.25 person per
hectare.

Chapter 1 – Brief Profile of the City Page 3

Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

Table 1.2
Urban-Rural Population Density, 2010
Cagayan de Oro City
Barangays Population Barangays Population
Density Density
(person per (person per
hectare) hectare)

CdeO 10.57

Urban 41. Barangay 15 302.96

1. Agusan 28.89 42. Barangay 16 55.64

2. Balulang 36.96 43. Barangay 17 303.76

3. Balubal* 4.01 44. Barangay 18 316.95

4. Bayabas 73.37 45. Barangay 19 160.54

5. Bonbon 79.08 46. Barangay 20 57.62

6.Bugo 33.60 47. Barangay 21 53.81

7. Bulua 47.41 48. Barangay 22 164.86

8. Camaman-an 33.68 49. Barangay 23 111.03

9. Canitoan 12.20 50. Barangay 24 78.53

10. Carmen 70.65 51. Barangay 25 247.61

11. Consolacion 200.59 52. Barangay 26 269.27

12. Cugman 11.75 53. Barangay 27 140.96

13. Gusa 37.51 54. Barangay 28 74.62

14. Indahag* 4.44 55. Barangay 29 24.00

15. Iponan 34.11 56. Barangay 30 139.78

16. Kauswagan 67.39 57. Barangay 31 76.56

17. Lapasan 184.38 58. Barangay 32 158.07

18. Lumbia 4.24 59. Barangay 33 10.30

19. Macabalan 449.68 60. Barangay 34 152.96

20. Macasandig 58.63 61. Barangay 35 318.91

21. Nazareth 156.02 62. Barangay 36 118.06

22. Pagatpat* 4.71 63. Barangay 37 27.60

23. Patag 57.40 64. Barangay 38 25.13

24. Puerto 12.92 65. Barangay 39 19.83

25. Puntod 111.58 66. Barangay 40 60.98

26. Tablon 4.25 Rural

27. Barangay 1 42.74 67. Baikingon 3.47

28. Barangay 2 22.88 68. Bayanga 2.01

29. Barangay 3 23.02 69. Besigan 0.25

30. Barangay 4 39.27 70. Dansolihon 0.66

31. Barangay 5 32.30 71. FS Catanico 1.55

32. Barangay 6 49.07 72. Mambuaya 2.25

33. Barangay 7 90.64 73. Pagalungan 1.68

34. Barangay 8 53.77 74. Pigsag-an 1.18

35. Barangay 9 42.44 75. San Simon 1.00

36. Barangay 10 128.60 76. Taglimao 1.13

37. Barangay 11 104.59 77. Tagpangi 1.23

38. Barangay 12 205.23 78. Tignapoloan 0.61

39. Barangay 13 266.90 79. Tuburan 1.34

40. Barangay 14 107.40 80. Tumpagon 1.55

*proposed urban barangays

Chapter 1 – Brief Profile of the City Page 4

Cagayan de Oro City 2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

Figure 1.1
Population Density Map
Cagayan de Oro City

Chapter 1 – Brief Profile of the City Page 5

Cagayan de Oro City 2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

1.2.3 Population Distribution

Based on 2010 data on population, the total urban population reaches

569,911 and 32,177 for the rural population. Barangay Carmen has the
highest number in population which is 11.22 percent of the total population.
Barangay 39 has the lowest in population of about 0.007 percent of the total
population.

Table 1.3
Population by Urban and Rural Barangay, 2010
Cagayan de Oro City
Barangays Population Percent Barangays Population Percent

Urban 569,911 94.66 Barangay 16 143 0.02

Agusan 14,812 2.46 Barangay 17 2,342 0.39

Balubal* 2,893 0.48 Barangay 18 1,496 0.25

Balulang 32,531 5.40 Barangay 19 419 0.07

Bayabas 12,999 2.16 Barangay 20 121 0.02

Bonbon 9,195 1.53 Barangay 21 254 0.04

Bugo 27,122 4.51 Barangay 22 1,944 0.32

Bulua 31,345 5.21 Barangay 23 916 0.15

Camaman-an 24,651 4.09 Barangay 24 929 0.15

Canitoan 15,069 2.50 Barangay 25 1,295 0.22

Carmen 67,583 11.22 Barangay 26 2,383 0.40

Consolacion 9,919 1.65 Barangay 27 1,380 0.22

Cugman 20,531 3.41 Barangay 28 541 0.09

Gusa 26,117 4.34 Barangay 29 485 0.08

Indahag* 6,235 1.04 Barangay 30 875 0.15

Iponan 20,707 3.44 Barangay 31 1,506 0.25

Kauswagan 34,541 5.74 Barangay 32 1,410 0.23

Lapasan 41,903 6.96 Barangay 33 86 0.01

Lumbia 14,079 2.34 Barangay 34 621 0.10

Macabalan 20,303 3.37 Barangay 35 2,395 0.40

Macasandig 23,310 3.87 Barangay 36 791 0.13

Nazareth 10,658 1.77 Barangay 37 77 0.01

Pagatpat* 5,178 0.86 Barangay 38 94 0.02

Patag 17,219 2.86 Barangay 39 46 0.01

Puerto 11,475 1.91 Barangay 40 830 0.14

Puntod 18,399 3.06

Tablon 18,608 3.09

Barangay 1 453 0.08 Rural 32,177 5.34

Barangay 2 84 0.01 Baikingon 2,342 0.39

Barangay 3 177 0.03 Bayanga 2,769 0.46

Barangay 4 108 0.02 Besigan 1,404 0.23

Barangay 5 83 0.01 Dansolihon 4,811 0.80

Barangay 6 212 0.04 FS Catanico 1,710 0.28

Chapter 1 – Brief Profile of the City Page 6

Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

Barangay 7 542 0.09 Mambuaya 2,490 0.41

Barangay 8 157 0.03 Pagalungan 1,806 0.30

Barangay 9 132 0.02 Pigsag-an 1,256 0.21

Barangay 10 616 0.10 San Simon 1,346 0.22

Barangay 11 342 0.06 Taglimao 1,418 0.24

Barangay 12 469 0.08 Tagpangi 2,684 0.45

Barangay 13 2,330 0.39 Tignapoloan 4,514 0.75

Barangay 14 479 0.08 Tuburan 1,395 0.23

Barangay 15 2,966 0.49 Tumpagon 2,232 0.37

Source: Socio-Economic Profile of Cagayan de Oro City, 2010

*proposed urban barangays

The City has 66 urban barangays; most of these barangays are considered
the location for the essential and non-essential establishments and the center
for trade and commerce. Since Cagayan de Oro is one of the fastest growing
cities in the country it becomes the favorite investment of many investors and
tourism haven to many tourists.

The 14 rural barangays of the city serve as the City’s vegetable and crops
provider.

1.2.4 Labor Force

The average labor force participation rate for both sexes comprises 69.8
percent (81.7 male and 57.7 female) as of 2010 for ages 15 years old and up;
lower than that of 2007 which is 70.9 percent (based on NSO Regional
Survey). The decreasing number of labor force indicates that there are more
members of the household who are not in the labor force.
Table 1.4
Labor Force Population, 2010
Cagayan de Oro City
Age Both Sexes Percent Male Percent Female Perce
Group age age nt
age

Total 387,180 100.00 192,882 49.82 194,299 50.18

15-19 70,220 18.14 34,982 9.03 35,239 9.10
20-24 62,407 16.12 31,089 8.03 31,318 8.09
25-29 54,197 14.00 26,999 6.97 27,198 7.02
30-34 44,243 11.43 22,041 5.69 22,203 5.73
35-39 39,690 10.25 19,772 5.11 19,918 5.14
40-44 33,795 8.73 16,836 4.35 16,959 4.38
45-49 29,968 7.74 14,929 3.86 15,039 3.88
50-54 24,863 6.42 12,386 3.20 12,477 3.22
55-59 17,517 4.52 8,726 2.25 8,791 2.27
60-64 10,280 2.65 5,121 1.32 5,159 1.33

Source/: NSO/ CPDO

Chapter 1 – Brief Profile of the City Page 7

Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1
1.3 Physical Features

1.3.1 Geographic Location

Cagayan de Oro City is the gateway to Northern Mindanao. It is

geographically nestled between the central coastline of Macajalar Bay to the
North and the naturally-rich plateaus and mountains of Bukidnon and Lanao
del Norte to the South. The municipality of Opol bounds the City on the west
while the municipality of Tagoloan, with its heavy industrial activities, is its
immediate neighbor to the east. The City lies between the latitude 8°14’00” to
8°31’00” north and longitude 124°27’00” and 124°49’00” east.

1.3.2 Land Area

Cagayan de Oro City has a total land area of 57,851.00 hectares. Its territorial
size is 2.8 percent of the region and 22.8 percent of Misamis Oriental.

The total land area of the city is based on the definitions set forth by Republic
Act No. 521 Series of 1950, an act creating the city of Cagayan de Oro which
was signed by then President Elpidio R. Quirino and of the 1994 Codified
Ordinance which is a total extract of Resolution No. 6, Series of 1960 which
defines the city’s territory comprising the forty (40) urban and forty (40) rural
barangays. This was further corroborated by the political subdivision survey
commissioned and initiated by the DBM through the LMB-DENR’s PRS 92
Project conducted last 2012 in accordance with DENR Administrative Order
Nos. 98-12, s. 2010-13 and 2007-29 under the supervision of the Regional
Executive Director, DENR-X, Cagayan de Oro City.

Table 1.5
Land Area by Barangay by District, 2010
Cagayan de Oro City
Barangay Land Area (has.) Barangay Land Area (has.)

Cagayan de Oro City 57,851.00

District 1 43,637.40 Tablon 4,381.01

Baikingon 675.40 Barangay 1 10.60

Balulang 880.25 Barangay 2 3.67

Bayabas 177.17 Barangay 3 7.69

Bayanga 1,378.22 Barangay 4 2.75

Besigan 6,159.23 Barangay 5 2.57

Bonbon 116.28 Barangay 6 4.32

Bulua 661.21 Barangay 7 5.98

Canitoan 1,234.86 Barangay 8 2.92

Carmen 956.65 Barangay 9 3.11

Dansolihon 7,267.19 Barangay 10 4.79

Chapter 1 – Brief Profile of the City Page 8

Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

Iponan 607.14 Barangay 11 3.27

Kauswagan 512.53 Barangay 12 2.29

Lumbia 3,320.31 Barangay 13 8.73

Mambuaya 1,104.29 Barangay 14 4.46

Pagalungan 1,075.79 Barangay 15 9.79

Pagatpat 1,100.07 Barangay 16 2.57

Patag 299.90 Barangay 17 7.71

Pigsag-an 1,063.87 Barangay 18 4.72

San Simon 1,339.50 Barangay 19 2.61

Taglimao 1,256.36 Barangay 20 2.10

Tagpangi 2,174.96 Barangay 21 4.72

Tignapoloan 7,795.12 Barangay 22 11.79

Tuburan 1,037.51 Barangay 23 8.25

Tumpagon 1,443.59 Barangay 24 11.83

District 2 14,213.60 Barangay 25 5.23

Agusan 512.69 Barangay 26 8.85

Balubal 721.32 Barangay 27 9.79

Bugo 807.31 Barangay 28 7.25

Camaman-an 731.92 Barangay 29 20.21

Consolacion 49.45 Barangay 30 6.26

Cugman 1,747.61 Barangay 31 19.67

F.S. Catanico 1,101.03 Barangay 32 8.92

Gusa 696.18 Barangay 33 8.35

Indahag 1,405.39 Barangay 34 4.06

Lapasan 227.26 Barangay 35 7.51

Macabalan 45.15 Barangay 36 6.70

Macasandig 397.58 Barangay 37 2.79

Nazareth 68.31 Barangay 38 3.74

Puerto 887.99 Barangay 39 2.32

Puntod 164.90 Barangay 40 13.61

Source: Socio-Economic Profile of Cagayan de Oro City, 2010

1.3.3 Territorial Jurisdiction and Barangay Subdivision

There had been changes in the political subdivision of the city. Cagayan de
Oro is divided into two districts by Republic Act 9371. The first district
comprises the 24 barangays; barangays Baikingon, Balulang, Bayabas,
Bayanga, Besigan, Bonbon, Bulua, Canitoan, Carmen, Dansolihon, Iponan,
Kauswagan, Lumbia, Mambuaya, Pagalungan, Pagatpat, Patag, Pigsag-an,
San Simon, Taglimao, Tagpangi, Tignapoloan, Tuburan, and Tumpagon while
the second district are barangays; Agusan, Balubal, Bugo, Camaman-an,
Consolacion, Cugman, F.S. Catanico, Gusa, Indahag, Lapasan, Macabalan,
Macasandig, Nazareth, Puerto, Puntod, Tablon, and all Poblacion Barangays
1-40.

Chapter 1 – Brief Profile of the City Page 9

Cagayan de Oro City 2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

Figure 1.2
Region 10 Map

Ch

apter 1 – Brief Profile of the City Page 10

Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

Figure 1.3
Base Map
Cagayan de Oro City
Cha

pter 1 – Brief Profile of the City Page 11

Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

Figure 1.4
Barangay Boundary Map
Cagayan de Oro City

Ch

apter 1 – Brief Profile of the City Page 12

Cagayan de Oro City 2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1
1.4 Physical/Infrastructure Resources

1.4.1 Transportation Network

1.4.1.1 Land Transportation

Cagayan de Oro City, connected to five other regions in Mindanao with

a good network of highways, is the strategic gateway to the rest of
Mindanao. Travel by land takes 40 hours from Manila via Surigao City,
9 hours from Davao City via Butuan City, and 6 hours via Bukidnon.
Cagayan de Oro City has a total road length of 635.80755 kilometers,
of which roughly 300 kilometers are paved.
There are 17 existing bridges along the national roads of Cagayan de
Oro which include four steel bridges and thirteen concrete bridges.
There are other 25 bridges along city roads, 20 of which are located in
District 1 while the other 5 are located in District 2. All bridges are
generally in good condition.

1.4.1.2 Air Transportation

Laguindingan airport is approximately 40 kilometers from the city.

Table 1.6
Schedule of Flights, 2013
Laguindingan Airport
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat

PAL (Mla-CdeO-Mla) 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

CEBU PACIFIC (Mla- 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

CdeO Mla)

CEBU PACIFIC (Cebu 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

CdeO-Cebu)

PAL EXPRESS 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(Cebu-CdeO-Cebu)

ZEST AIRWAYS 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(Cebu-CdeO-Cebu)

Source: CAAP (Temporary Schedule)

Chapter 1 – Brief Profile of the City Page 13

Cagayan de Oro City 2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

Figure 1.5
Road Network Map
Cagayan de Oro City
Cha

pter 1 – Brief Profile of the City Page 14

Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

Figure 1.6
Urban Road Network Map
Cagayan de Oro City

Chapter 1 – Brief Profile of the City Page 15

Cagayan de Oro City 2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1
1.4.1.3 Sea Transportation

The Port of Cagayan de Oro and other five private ports serve as entry points
by sea from other areas of the country.

∙ Port of Cagayan de Oro in Macabalan

∙ Cagayan de Oro Oil Mill in Tablon

∙ Cagayan Corn Products, Corp., Tablon

∙ Del Monte Phils., Inc. in Bugo

∙ General Milling Corporation in Tablon

∙ Carlos A. Gothong Inc. in Baloy, Tablon

1.4.2 Services/Facilities/Utilities/Amenities

1.4.2.1 Power

There are two power distribution utilities that serve the city namely,
CEPALCO and MORESCO 1 and Minergy serves as power generation
company.

CEPALCO serves 103,074 households or 84 percent of the total

123,326households of the service area as of December 2012. MORESCO 1
serves sixteen (16) barangays in the west with 8,129 households or 54
percent of the 14,139 households of the service area as of December 2012.

Table 1.7
Number of Households Served by Distribution Utility,
2012 Cagayan de Oro City
Name of Number of Total Percentage
Electric Households Number of Served
Cooperative/ Served Households (%)
Utility/Barangay of Service
Area

CEPALCO

66 barangays 103,074 123,326 84

(40+26)
CDO City

MORESCO-1

16 barangays 8,129 14,139 54

Total 111,203 137,465 81

Number of
HHs served

Source: CEPALCO and MORESCO-1

*Canitoan and Lumbia are served by both CEPALCO and MORESCO-1
Chapter 1 – Brief Profile of the City Page 16
Cagayan de Oro City 2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

Figure 1.7
Electric Power Facilities Map
Cagayan de Oro City

Chapter 1 – Brief Profile of the City Page 17

Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

1.4.2.2 Water

Cagayan de Oro Water District (COWD), the first registered

water district in the country, supplies water to 65 barangays of
the city.

Water production in 2010 was 53,616,511 cubic meters. The

average production per month is 4,468,043 cubic meters and
the water consumption per capita per day is 109 liters.

Service connections reached 74,020 in 2009, and 76,351 in

2010, majority of which were residential and government. Water
consumption in the City sums up to 23,916,766 cubic meters
being consumed by residential/government and commercial
users.

As to status of water supply in the city, data from the City Health
Office in 2012 shows that 80.40% of households have access to
potable water supply. Level I, II and III connections is shown in
Table 1.8 below.

Table 1.8
Status of Water Supply System, 2012
Cagayan de Oro City
Source of Water Number of Percentage
HHs served to total (%)

Level I 6,395 4.60

Level II 9, 793 7.04

Level III 96,034 69.04

Total Number of HHs served 112,222 80.68

No access 26,884 19.32

Total Number of HHs of 139,106*

the City

Source: COWD/CPDO (number of households)

*2012 HHs less doubled-up HHs

The COWD sources of water included the following: Malasag

Spring, twenty seven production wells, and reservoirs.
Moreover, the Rio Verde Consortium supplies water to COWD
by tapping surface water of Cagayan River. It currently supplies
40,000 cu. m. per day. The water sufficiency rate is posted at
44.36 percent while the non-revenue water (NRW) is 55.64
percent (way above the industry standard of 20-30%). The
problem of high NRW is aggravated by the presence of informal
settlers which tap water connections without permit from the
COWD. Further, leaks in the old asbestos distribution pipelines
in the eastern part of the city also contributed to high NRW.

Chapter 1 – Brief Profile of the City Page 18

Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

Figure 1.8
Water Facilities Map
Cagayan de Oro City
Chapter 1 – Brief Profile of the City Page 19
Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

1.4.2.3 Communication Network

Sophisticated services give the City its modern character.

Internet has experienced significant growth as service providers
increased.

The existing communication facilities in CDO are postal service,

seven telephone service providers, three cellular mobile
telephone service providers, three telephone long distance
exchange (international exchange carrier), nine Broadband
Networks, one Trunked Radio Station, seven Internet Service
Providers (registered), seven TV Stations, three Cable TV
Providers, five AM Broadcast Stations, and thirteen FM
Broadcast Stations.

1.4.2.4 Waste Management

Cagayan de Oro City’s 17-hectare landfill located in Upper

Dagong, Carmen is 3.7 kilometers away from downtown with an
average travel time of 16 minutes from the Poblacion. It has a
capacity of approximately 1.9 million cubic meters and is
expected to be adequate for 12 to 20 years of use starting 1997.

The location map of the existing landfill and the proposed

sanitary landfill is shown in Figure 1.6.

Volume of waste collected and dumped at the existing landfill

averaged at approximately 700 cubic meters per day based on
the data of garbage collected and disposed at the landfill in
2011.

Monthly records of average volume of garbage dumped show

that August and December have the highest volume of garbage
compared with the other months. Volume of garbage is highest
in August being the fiesta month of the city. December is the
second highest due to Christmas celebration.

Chapter 1 – Brief Profile of the City Page 20

Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

Figure 1.9
Location Map of Sanitary Landfill
Cagayan de Oro City
Chapter 1 – Brief Profile of the City Page 21
Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

1.5 The Economic Structure

1.5.1 Revenue Sources

The City of Cagayan de Oro gets its income and other revenue
from the following: taxes; fees, permits & licenses, business and
services, subsidies from the national government and other
sources allowed by law. Total revenue generated in 2011
amounted to PhP 1,719,874,752.98. The biggest source of
income is the Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA) of PhP
902,306,610.00 which is about 52.46%. Income generation by
source in the last three (3) years is shown in below.

Table 1.9
Income Generation by Source for the last Three
Years (2009-2011)
Cagayan de Oro City
Income Income (PhP)
Source
2009 2010 2011

Internal 776,465,278.00 840,735,811.00 902,306,610.00

Revenue
Allotment
(IRA)

Tax 528,910,558.20 622,571,709.70 635,392,667.87

Revenue

Fees, 27,483,524.77 22,248,602.67 24,347,761.66

Permits &
Licenses
Income

Business 40,228,723.33 101,388,672.19 108,867,553.87

&
Service
Income

Other 27,826,932.86 60,081,607.07 48,960,159.58

Income

TOTAL 1,400,915,017.16 1,647,026,403.63 1,719,874,752.98

INCOME

Source: Office of the City Accountant, Cagayan de Oro

Chapter 1 – Brief Profile of the City Page 22

Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

1.5.2 Employment

The average employment rate increased to 95 percent in 2010 from 94.0

percent in 2007 (based on NSO Regional Survey). This slight increase of
employment rate indicates that there are more members of the household
falling under ‘not in the labor force’ category. Underemployment rate in 2010
was about 28.0 percent, lower than that of 2007 which is 30.7 percent. This
further indicates that the City has available human resource for new
industries.

Table 1.10
Employment Rate, 2010
Cagayan de Oro City
City Populatio Labor Force Not in
n 15-64 Employed % Unemployed % the
years old Labor
Force

City 387,180 367,821 95 19,359 5 214,908

Male 192,882 183,238 9,644 107,061

Female 194,299 184,584 9,715 107,847

Source: National Statistics Office (Regional Data)

1.5.2 Average Family Income vis-à-vis Poverty Level

Based on 2009 NSO Regional survey on family income and expenditures, the
average regional family income for 2009 goes up to PhP 165,000 from
Php142,000 in 2006. Total number of families was recorded at 839,000 in
2009 and 789,000 in 2006 respectively. This 50,000 rising number of families
from 2009 to 2006 indicates the increasing number of population in this time
span. This is directly proportional to the growing income/needs and number of
families at a certain time.
Based on 2003 Small Area Poverty Estimates of the National Statistical
Coordination Board (NSCB), Cagayan de Oro City posted the least in poverty
incidence in Northern Mindanao. According to the said estimates, the City had
a poverty incidence of 15.50% which implies that 15.50 % of the City’s
population has an income below the poverty line for 2003.

Chapter 1 – Brief Profile of the City Page 23

Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

1.6 Existing Land Use and Land Use Trends

The 2012 land use cover of Cagayan de Oro was updated through the
combination of the following:

• Tax map of the Assessor’s Office

• Land Database of City Finance/City Assessor's Offices
• Spatial Database of GIS Center/CPDO
• Google Earth satellite image as of 2012

The existing land uses were analyzed through the GIS based data gathered
from the results of the above-mentioned methods.

General Land Use

The general land use of the city emphasizes on the following districts/areas:
agricultural, built-up, forest, mining and quarrying, open land,
swamp/marshland, and other areas (roads, rivers and creeks).
Table 1.11 shows the existing General Land Use of Cagayan de Oro as
compared with CY 2000 General Land Use of the City.

Agriculture

The agricultural areas of Cagayan de Oro are located mostly in the rural
barangays, although patches of productive agricultural lands are still found in
the lowland barangays, some of which already belong to the urban
classification. Most agricultural lands are located in the southern parts of the
city. They contain mostly upland crops grown on the plateaus and terraces
and piedmont areas. Agricultural produce in the lowlands is taken from the
river flood plain areas. Existing agricultural areas of the city totaled 16,393.39
hectares.

Settlement Pattern and Settlement Areas

Cagayan de Oro demonstrates a settlement pattern of concentrated dispersed

development. Major nodes are in the lowland areas. Existing primary nodes
are found in the Poblacion (CBD), Carmen and Lapasan while existing
secondary nodes are in the uptown area (Pueblo de Oro and Xavier Estates),
Bulua and Puerto.

Chapter 1 – Brief Profile of the City Page 24

Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

On the other hand, strip or linear urban development occur along the national
highway from Bugo to Iponan, or from east to west of Cagayan de Oro.

In the rural barangays, patches of settlements can be found.

Forest

Forest area of the city summed up to 24,652.75 or 45.41 percent of the city’s
total land area. This area includes the 11,334.9 hectares difference of the
city’s area in 2000 and 2012. Forest areas are located in Besigan,
Tignapoloan, Bayanga, Mambuaya, Dansolihon, Tumpagon, Pigsag-an,
Tuburan, Taglimao, Tagpangi, Pagalungan, Baikingon, San Simon, Cugman,
Tablon, and F.S. Catanico. Activities in these areas include Community
Based Forestry Management (CBFM), Integrated Social Forestry (ISF), IFMA,
FLGA, Co-forest management and mining of copper ore. Some of these areas
are claimed by Indigenous People (IP).

Mining and Quarrying

Existing mining and quarrying areas are mostly found in barangays along
Iponan River such as Pagatpat, San Simon, Baikingon, Canitoan, and Iponan.
However, only the mining and quarrying areas in Isla Puntod, Balulang and
Lumbia are reflected in Table 1.11. Mining and quarrying areas summed up to
31.12 hectares or 0.05 percent of the city’s total land area where only sand
and gravel, as well as filling materials are extracted.
Open Land

The city’s existing vacant land, which summed up to 3,079.18 hectares, are
very prominent in the many rolling hills and plateaus that are found in the
uplands, conglomerates, and sandstone hills. These are found in Lumbia,
Pagalungan, and other hinterland barangays. These are vast areas of open
grassland; although suitable for pasture, there seems to be little activity of that
kind.

Mangroves, Marshes and Swamps

∙ Mangroves, marshes and swamps are areas containing brackish waters in

tidal flats. These areas which are found along the seacoast and the lower
river basins of the city sustain important ecosystems. Cagayan de Oro
has limited area of this type of ecosystem which is mostly located at the
river deltas, particularly at Barangays Bonbon and Kauswagan. Several
patches are also found in Barangays Bayabas and Bulua.

Chapter 1 – Brief Profile of the City Page 25

Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

Mangroves, marshes and swamps play a pivotal role in the sustainability

of the city’s forest ecosystem and climate change adaptability.

1. Purifies the adjacent aquatic environment (aeration

capacity);
2. Stabilizes and protecting the shorelines from tidal surges
and strong wind forces;
3. Serves as depository and breeding area for marine
wildlife;
4. Improves local thermal environment by lowering ambient
temperature, and increasing moisture;
5. Provides natural abatement buffer during floods

Mangroves in the city serve as spawning and breeding grounds of some

fish and marine species. The City’s mangroves are disappearing due to
encroachment by people needing land for the construction of residential
houses. To save whatever mangrove area is left, replanting and
maintenance of these areas are implemented in Barangays Gusa and
Cugman.

Coastal and Marine Areas

The total coastline length of the City is 25 kilometers from east to west. From
this coastline, the potential area for mangrove and wetland development is
approximately 21 kilometers. There are 11 coastal barangays, namely:
Barangays Puerto, Bugo, Agusan, Tablon, Gusa, Cugman, Lapasan,
Macabalan, Bonbon, Bayabas and Bulua.
The following table shows the comparative 2000 and 2012 General Land Use
of the City:
Chapter 1 – Brief Profile of the City Page 26
Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

Table 1.11
Comparative General Land Use (2000 and 2012)
Cagayan de Oro City
General Land Use 2000 2012

Area (has.) Percent Area (has.) Percent

to Total to Total

Agricultural 13,704.92 29.63 16,393.39 28.34

Built Up Area 7,714.50 16.68 11,977.09 20.70

Mining and 23.35 0.05 31.12 0.05

Quarrying

Open Land 7,037.09 15.22 3,079.18 5.32

Preservation Area

Forest 17,726.57 38.33 24,652.75 45.41

Swamp/Marshland 39.70 0.09 102.53 0.18

Roads, Rivers - - 1,614.93

and Creeks

Total 46,246.13 100.00 57,851.00 100.00

Source: Research Division, City Assessment Department/GIS-CPDO

Chapter 1 – Brief Profile of the City Page 27

Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1
Figure 1.10
Existing General Land Use Map
Cagayan de Oro City

Chapter

1 – Brief Profile of the City Page 28

Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

Urban Land Use

The urban land use of the city is dominantly built-up area stretching from east
to west between Macajalar Bay and escarpment areas, as well as in the
uptown areas Lumbia, Macasandig and Indahag.

Agricultural

Although agricultural areas are located mostly in the rural areas of the City,
there are also agricultural lands in the urban areas. At present, a total of
8,065.10 hectares or 33.82% of the total urban area is agricultural. These
areas are located in Barangays Lumbia, Canitoan, Iponan, Bayabas, Bulua
and Pagatpat.

Agro-Industrial

Existing agro-industrial areas in the city having 14.07 hectares are situated
along the strip of Sayre Highway in Upper Puerto and include feedmills, post
harvest and warehousing facilities. This area, abutting the province of
Bukidnon caters to its large volume of agricultural production.

Commercial
The commercial land use category covers lots where there are business
activities. This includes offices, services, supermarkets, and shopping centers.
Regional offices and financial establishments concentrated in the Poblacion
(CBD) create pressure in the area. Large-scale shopping centers (such as the
Limketkai Mall, Gaisano, Ororama, and Centrio) are also within the CBD.
Small-scale operations (like hardware, store and services) are located in all
parts of urban area, as well as in dominantly residential areas.

Existing commercial areas of the city summed up to 317.31 hectares. This

area is slightly higher than the commercial area in CY 2000 which is 291.41
hectares.

Forest

Existing forest cover in the urban area of Cagayan de Oro summed up to

591.61 hectares located in Barangays Cugman and Carmen.

Chapter 1 – Brief Profile of the City Page 29

Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

Industrial

Areas used for manufacturing, processing, bottling, fabrication, and

assembling are classified under the Industrial category. This also includes
small scale industries like repair shops, food processing and handicraft
factories. Mostly, these activities are concentrated along the National
Highway.

Existing industrial area of the City is 175.58 hectares. This is almost twice the
industrial area of the City in CY 2000 which is 88.36 hectares. The increasing
number of industries attributed to the expansion of the industrial area.

Institutional

The various school sites with their corresponding open spaces comprise the
bigger share of institutional uses. Xavier University Manresa Farm occupies
the biggest area while elementary and secondary schools, barangay centers,
churches and government center/offices of the region, the province of
Misamis Oriental and the City occupies the remaining area.

Existing institutional area covers 383.25 hectares which is slightly higher than
its area coverage in CY 2000 which is 287.94 hectares.

Mining and Quarrying

Of the existing total urban area, 31.12 hectares has been allowed for mining
and quarrying along Iponan River, located in Barangays Pagatpat, Canitoan
and Iponan.

Open Space/Vacant Land

Open space/vacant lands accounts to 3,136.41 hectares. This is relatively
higher than the 2,542.43 hectares in CY 2000. These vacant lands are mostly
unoccupied lots in subdivision areas and undeveloped lands.

Residential

Residential areas are the largest in the urban land use and covers 10,911.61
hectares or 45.76 % of the total urban area. This is relatively higher than the
figure in CY 2000 wherein residential land use is only 24.37% of the total
urban area.

Chapter 1 – Brief Profile of the City Page 30

Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

Residential areas are divided further into: residential area within planned
subdivision with appropriate road network system and facilities; low density
residential area with sub-standard road facilities; and blighted areas as well as
resettlement sites.

Swamp/Marshland

As of 2012, existing swamp/marshland of the City summed up to 102.53

hectares or 0.43 percent of the City’s total urban area.

Utilities

Airport

Laguindingan Airport, which is approximately 40 kilometers from the

city, is operational since June of 2013.

Sea Port

There are six sea ports in the City; one is a government port, located at
Macabalan, while five others are private ports. One private port is
located in Bugo while the remaining four are in Tablon.

Bus Terminals

The City has two integrated bus terminals strategically located in the
west at Barangay Bulua and in the east at Barangay Lapasan.

The following table shows the comparative 2000 and 2012 Urban Land
Use of the City:
Chapter 1 – Brief Profile of the City Page 31
Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

Table 1.12
Comparative Urban Land Use (2000 and 2012)
Cagayan de Oro City
Urban Land Use 2000 2012

Area Percent Area Percent to

(has.) to Total (has.) Total

Agricultural - - 33.82
8,065.10

Agro-Industrial - - 0.06
14.07

Commercial 291.41 3.78 1.33

317.31

Forest - - 2.48
591.69

Industrial 88.36 1.15 0.74

175.58

Institutional 287.94 3.73 1.61

383.25

Mining and Quarrying - - 0.13

31.12

Open Space/Vacant Land 2,542.43 32.96 13.15

3,136.41

Residential 1,879.83 24.37 45.76

10,911.61

Swamp/Marshland - - 0.43
102.53

Utilities 131.97 1.71 0.49

118.04

Planned Unit 565.79 7.33 - -

Development (PUD)

Covered by Road, etc. 1,926.77 24.98 - -

Total 7,714.50 100.00 23,846.72 100.00

Chapter 1 – Brief Profile of the City Page 32

Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

Figure 1.11
Existing Urban Land Use Map
Cagayan de Oro City
Chapter 1 – Brief Profile of the City Page 33
Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

1.7 Comparative/Competitive Advantages

∙ Gateway to Northern Mindanao

∙ Center of trade/transshipment point in the region

∙ Competitive transportation services

∙ Presence of multi-national investors (SM, Ayala, LKKS) ∙

Major tourism destination in Northern Mindanao
∙ 21.062 km coastline potential for coastal tourism

∙ Presence of fishing grounds

∙ Modern facilities (health, school, market, terminal…) ∙

Strong public-private partnership
∙ Well-developed telecom facilities/power supply/road
networks
∙ Existing natural resources and heritage (rivers, caves,
flora and fauna, forest),natural landscapes (plateaus,
gorges, terraces)

1.8 Weaknesses: Priority Issues and Concerns

∙ Insufficient/low income

∙ Presence of informal settlers

∙ Mismatched skills and the need of the industry

∙ Traffic Congestion

∙ Frequent Flooding

∙ Inadequate Supply of Potable Water in some areas

∙ Water Pollution and Contamination

∙ Low farm productivity

∙ Frequent flooding in business districts

∙ Lack of area for public burial sites

∙ High level of GHG emission

∙ Inadequate protective services facilities

∙ Absence of City Sports Complex

∙ Unregulated mining activities

∙ Low agricultural productivity

∙ Water pollution and contamination

∙ Undeveloped tourism sites

∙ Low student performance in the ff: promotion, graduation

and survival rates
∙ Absence of established evacuation centers

∙ Absence of social welfare center

Chapter 1 – Brief Profile of the City Page 34

Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

1.9 Functional Role of the City

∙ A major transport and transshipment hub in Mindanao, that

has long established trade and cultural linkages with
Visayas and Mindanao

∙ Regional capital of Northern Mindanao (Region X) and

serves as the primary gateway to the rest of the
Mindanao regions
∙ Region X’s administrative-educational-business center ∙

Convention Capital of Northern Mindanao

Chapter 1 – Brief Profile of the City Page 35

Cagayan de Oro City 2013- 2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

Chapter 2
Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment

Disaster Risk Assessment

Summary of Areas Susceptible to Hazards

Out of the total 80 barangays in Cagayan de Oro, 54 barangays are

considered as flood-prone areas, and 25 barangays are susceptible to rain
induced landslide. While the city did not experience any major storm surge
occurrences, 11 coastal barangays are still prone to storm surge should future
occurrences take place. Also, groundshaking will likely happen to seven
barangays, liquefaction will likely be experienced by 45 barangays, and
earthquake–induced landslide will also likely occur in 15 barangays.
Meanwhile, with the occurrence of TS Ondoy and Sendong in 2009 and 2011,
respectively, the City is no longer considered as typhoon-free area since all
the barangays will likely experience future similar heavy downpours.
Table 2.1
Summary of Areas Susceptible to Hazards
Cagayan de Oro City
Barangay Flood Rain Storm Ground Lique Earthqua Typhoon
induced Surge Shaking fac ke
Landslide tion induced
Landslide

Barangay 1 ✔ ✔ ✔

Barangay 2 ✔ ✔ ✔

Barangay 3 ✔ ✔ ✔

Barangay 4 ✔ ✔ ✔

Barangay 5 ✔ ✔ ✔

Barangay 6 ✔ ✔ ✔

Barangay 7 ✔ ✔ ✔

Barangay 8 ✔ ✔ ✔

Barangay 9 ✔ ✔ ✔

Barangay 10 ✔ ✔ ✔

Barangay 11 ✔ ✔ ✔

Barangay 12 ✔ ✔ ✔

Barangay 13 ✔ ✔ ✔

Chapter 2 – Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment Page 36

Cagayan de Oro City 2013- 2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

Barangay Flood Rain Storm Ground Lique Earthqua Typhoon

induced Surge Shaking fac ke
Landslide tion induced
Landslide

Barangay 14 ✔ ✔ ✔

Barangay 15 ✔ ✔ ✔

Barangay 16 ✔ ✔ ✔

Barangay 17 ✔ ✔ ✔

Barangay 18 ✔ ✔ ✔

Barangay 19 ✔ ✔ ✔
Barangay 20 ✔ ✔ ✔

Barangay 21 ✔ ✔ ✔

Barangay 22 ✔ ✔ ✔

Barangay 23 ✔ ✔ ✔

Barangay 24 ✔ ✔ ✔

Barangay 25 ✔ ✔ ✔

Barangay 26 ✔ ✔ ✔

Barangay 27 ✔ ✔ ✔

Barangay 28 ✔ ✔ ✔

Barangay 29 ✔ ✔ ✔

Barangay 30 ✔ ✔ ✔

Barangay 31 ✔ ✔ ✔

Barangay 32 ✔ ✔ ✔

Barangay 33 ✔ ✔ ✔

Barangay 34 ✔ ✔ ✔

Barangay 35 ✔ ✔ ✔

Barangay 36 ✔ ✔ ✔

Barangay 37 ✔ ✔ ✔

Chapter 2 – Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment Page 37

Cagayan de Oro City 2013- 2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

Barangay Flood Rain Storm Ground Lique Earthqua Typhoon

induced Surge Shaking fac ke
Landslide tion induced
Landslide

Barangay 38 ✔ ✔ ✔

Barangay 39 ✔ ✔ ✔

Barangay 40 ✔ ✔ ✔

Agusan ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

Baikingon ✔ ✔
Balubal ✔ ✔ ✔

Balulang ✔ ✔ ✔

Bayabas ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

Bayanga ✔

Besigan ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

Bonbon ✔ ✔ ✔

Bugo ✔ ✔ ✔

Bulua ✔ ✔ ✔

Camaman-an ✔ ✔

Canitoan ✔ ✔ ✔

Carmen ✔ ✔ ✔

Consolacion ✔ ✔ ✔

Cugman ✔ ✔ ✔

Dansolihon ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

FS Catanico ✔ ✔ ✔

Gusa ✔ ✔ ✔

Indahag ✔ ✔ ✔

Iponan ✔ ✔ ✔

Kauswagan ✔ ✔

Chapter 2 – Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment Page 38

Cagayan de Oro City 2013- 2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

Barangay Flood Rain Storm Ground Lique Earthqua Typhoon

induced Surge Shaking fac ke
Landslide tion induced
Landslide

Lapasan ✔ ✔ ✔

Lumbia ✔ ✔

Macabalan ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

Macasandig ✔ ✔
Mambuaya ✔ ✔ ✔

Nazareth ✔ ✔ ✔

Pagalungan ✔ ✔ ✔

Pagatpat ✔

Patag ✔

Pigsag-an ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

Puerto ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

Puntod ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

San Simon ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

Tablon ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

Taglimao ✔ ✔

Tagpangi ✔ ✔ ✔

Tignapoloan ✔ ✔ ✔

Tuburan ✔ ✔ ✔

Tumpagon ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

Source: MGB 10 Landslide Susceptibility

Map GIS-CPDO, Cagayan de Oro

Chapter 2 – Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment Page 39

Cagayan de Oro City 2013- 2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

Figure 2.1
Flash flood Typhoon Sendong and Pablo Map
Cagayan de Oro City
Chapter 2

– Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment Page 40

Cagayan de Oro City 2013- 2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

Figure 2.2
Geohazard Map
Cagayan de Oro City

Chapter

2 – Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment Page 41

Cagayan de Oro City 2013- 2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

Figure 2.3
Liquefaction Risk Map
Cagayan de Oro City
C

hapter 2 – Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment Page 42

Cagayan de Oro City 2013- 2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

Figure 2.4
Tsunami Risk Map
Cagayan de Oro City

hapter 2 – Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment Page 43

Cagayan de Oro City 2013- 2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

Figure 2.5
Earthquake Induced Landslide Hazard Map
Cagayan de Oro City
Cha

pter 2 – Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment Page 44

Cagayan de Oro City 2013- 2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

RISK EVALUATION

This section provides discussions on the evaluation from the city and
local risk assessment and should reveal implications of the losses that would
occur; e.g., how much a hazard may cost (in terms of financial and other
resources needed for relief and rescue, reconstruction and rehabilitation)
were it to occur; and how the lives and quality of life in the community or city
or the clusters might be affected in view of the estimated risk.

Considering that local governments have many priorities and limited

resources and cannot implement all risk reduction measures at once, risk
evaluation or prioritization must be undertaken to identify which identified
measures must be implemented immediately and those that may still be
delayed. Thus, it is important that multi-stakeholders, including communities
and local authorities can jointly agree on certain criteria to rank the risks.
These could be ranked as high, moderate or low priority. As a start, risks may
be ranked according to the following: a) their significance or the impact to
population and property; b) existence and feasibility of risk reduction
solutions; c) cost effectiveness of potential risk reduction solutions; and d)
availability of funds to implement such solutions.

The measures that may be undertaken by the city also depend on the
types of risks. The choice as to which final DRR measure or approach to
adopt will depend on the decision-making process of the city. Generally, the
city may adopt corresponding intervention approaches or options to address
the impact of the disaster risks, the measures of which are classified into four
major categories, as follows: (a) risk avoidance or elimination; (b) risk
reduction or mitigation; (c) risk sharing or transfer; and (d) risk acceptance or
retention. 1Table 9 the strategies under these four major categories that the
city may adopt in responding to the varied disaster risks identified.
This DRA should guide the thrusts and direction of the Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management (DRRM) Plan of the city as mandated under the
Republic Act (RA) 10121, otherwise known as the Philippine DRRM Law of
2010.

Specifically, the various sectors identified initial risk evaluation based on

the risk estimation as follows:

∙ Formulate the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) plan of

the city to provide comprehensive direction for the disaster risk
reduction and climate change adaptation strategic options, thrusts and
priorities covering the four pillars of DRR/CCA namely; 1) prevention

1
Source: Guidelines on Mainstreaming DRR in Subnational Development Land Use Planning

Chapter 2 – Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment Page 45

Cagayan de Oro City 2013- 2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

and mitigation, 2) preparedness, 3) response, and 4) recovery and

rehabilitation;

∙ Efforts to intensify community disaster awareness needs to be

strengthened to reduce the incidence of diseases, deaths and loss of
properties. These efforts will include the conduct of information
education campaign, drills on disaster preparedness, formulation,
implementation and monitoring of DRRM Plan, establishment of
warning system devices in every school/barangays, and establishment
of evacuation centers in every barangay with appropriate infrastructure
utilities;

∙ The passage of ordinance for no build zone areas will prohibit the illegal
construction of properties by the informal settlers. The provision of
decent, affordable housing on environmentally safe areas is a strategy
to relocate and resettle affected families (Map 15). The national and
local government needs to increase funds for the housing program
especially for the poor families;

∙ For housing, there is a need to ensure the security of tenure since

presently these families do not own nor rent the area they occupy so
there is always a threat for displacement; improvement of the living
condition of the occupants through provision of adequate facilities and
strengthen the housing structures in such a way that they can
withstand from bad weather conditions;

∙ The City Government should provide a good sports venue and

recreations facility with good ambiance for the wellbeing and interests
of the people. The construction of a Cagayan de Oro Sports Dome is
essential to promote/intensify the sports program in the city as well as,
upgrade the existing barangay sports facilities to create sports-friendly
environment that will inspire people to be “sports-minded” especially
the youth in the community;

∙ Repair and rehabilitation of damaged lifeline structures and construction

of flood mitigating facilities should be prioritized to protect the low-lying
and flood-prone areas of Cagayan de Oro City that are densely
populated;
∙ Complete drainage masterplans for all priority basins of Cagayan de Oro
City as basis to improve drainage system of the city;

∙ Implementation of all lifelines and major infrastructures programs/projects

should be supported with geo and hydrometeorological hazard
clearance from MGB and other mandated government agencies.
Consequently, disaster resilient infrastructures should be considered in
the design of programs and projects to mitigate the effects of disasters.

Chapter 2 – Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment Page 46

Cagayan de Oro City 2013- 2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

∙ To address/minimize destruction of the natural environment due to

landslides, the following measures are recommended:

1) Strict enforcement of existing environment laws and land use

policies’
2) Conduct a comprehensive landslide hazard assessment; 3) Adopt
responsible mining and appropriate farming practices 4) Improve slope
protection in high risk areas by introducing SALT and other appropriate
slope stabilization projects
Chapter 2 – Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment Page 47
Cagayan de Oro City 2013- 2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

Table 2.2
Disaster Risk Reduction Strategies
Cagayan de Oro City
Risks/ Avoid or Eliminate Reduce and Mitigate Risks Share and Transfer
Risks
Strategies Risks

Infrastructure Prohibit development Strengthen structure’s ability to resist Develop alternate

in high risk areas locations for key functions
risks

hazard Change use or occupancy pattern

Buyout and Institute a geologic
relocate
structures in hazard abatement
of structure Enforce stricter zoning and
highly district for home
prone areas owners to share

building standards in future repair costs

Destroy and
remove
structures in Real estate disclosures
Develop response plans and improve
hazard prone hazards warning
areas
systems

Build redundant infrastructure systems

Chapter 2 – Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment Page 48

Cagayan de Oro City 2013- 2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

Risks/ Avoid or Eliminate Reduce and Mitigate Risks Share and Transfer
Risks
Strategies Risks

Promote “Green” Building technology

Prioritize development of renewable

energy sources
Social and Deny occupancy Integrate sociocultural indicators into Promote incentives for
risk assessment homeowners, renters
cultural risks of hazardous and businesses to
purchase insurance
buildings
Fund hospitals and social services mitigation

Create mutual aid

Protect cultural agreements
Identify needs of various population
assets through groups (e.g.,elderly, handicapped,

zoning standards women, children)

Economic risks Avoid or eliminate Provide incentives to mitigate or reduce risk Shared
capital stock risks
by mandating responsibilities
“smart”
between

government

Chapter 2 – Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment Page 49

Cagayan de Oro City 2013- 2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

Risks/ Avoid or Eliminate Reduce and Mitigate Risks Share and Transfer
Risks
Strategies Risks

growth or avoiding Diversify income sources and private / business

high risk areas
sector

Attract wide range of business types

Develop business

retention and job

placement programs Mitigate risks to key income generators
(base industries,

large employment sectors)

Incentives for “smart” growth

Build economic alliances and partnerships

Natural resource/ Eliminate sources Eliminate point sources of pollution Develop transfer of
of pollution development rights
environmental programs, or
environmental land swaps
risks Launch clean-up efforts B

Chapter 2 – Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment Page 50

Cagayan de Oro City 2013- 2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

Risks/ Avoid or Eliminate Reduce and Mitigate Risks Share and Transfer
Risks
Strategies Risks
Mandate use of Regulate use and storage of potential Greater shared
responsibilities of
Technologies (e.g., Indigenous Peoples in
emissions free
pollutants Reduce densities in sensitive the management and
vehicles)
protection of forests
areas
Enforce strictly
zoning ordinances

Habitat conservation plans

Incentives for use of specific

technologies Incentives for good

development decisions

Chapter 2 – Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment Page 51

Cagayan de Oro City 2013- 2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan

Vulnerability and Risk Assessment

Assessment Framework and Methodology

The Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment used by

Cagayan de Oro City focused on defining the city’s vulnerability through
analysis of its adaptive capacities, sensitivity, and exposure to climate change
and its impacts. The recommendations and assessment frameworks
presented in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports
and the UN-Habitat’s “Planning for Climate Change” tool together with other
local assessment techniques were considered in the methodology.

The vulnerability framework is a simplified illustration of how vulnerability is a

function of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Written as a basic
formula, Vulnerability = (Exposure + Sensitivity) – Adaptive Capacity.

Cross-Sectoral Analysis

A. Threat Level

Per cross-sectoral analysis, Flooding and Typhoon scored the highest threat
levels to the City. This rating is determined not only from the level or scope of
exposure to the climate change driver or hazard but the degree to which it can
adversely impact the communities. Hence, the more dense settlements with
higher risks of being flooded and affected by typhoons, as aggravated by
negative and unsustainable practices of the people, are considered the
hotspot areas.
Table 2.3
Average Threat Level Scores Across all Five Development Sectors
CC Social Economic Environment Infrastructure La Averag
Hazard nd e
Us THREA
e T
LEVEL
*

Flooding 5 5 5 4 5 4.8

Drought 3 3 2 3 1 2.4

RIL 2 2 3 1 3 2.2

Typhoon 5 5 5 2 4.25

* High – 5; Low - 1

The GIS experts of the City TWG have prepared risk maps to provide a visual
presentation of the location of at risk elements for each sector (social,
economic, environmental, infrastructure, and land use), as shown in the
Figures below. Taking off from this information, an overlay analysis of the

Chapter 2 – Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment Page 52

Cagayan de Oro City 2013- 2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan

cross-sectoral risks for each identified climate change hazard was also
prepared.

Figure 2.6 shows the location of elements at risk for all the five sectors in
three identified climate change hazards, namely: Flooding, landslide, and
drought. Figure 2.7 is an overlay of the drought map (across all five sectors
social, economic, environment, infrastructure, and land use) to the population
density map of CDO. This map depicts that the entire city is vulnerable to
drought but the ones that were highly impacted are the following barangays:
Bayabas, Bulua, Iponan, Patag, Carmen, Consolacion, Kauswagan, Bonbon,
Macabalan, Puntod, Lapasan, Nazareth, Agusan, Bugo, and Barangays 13,
15, 22, 24, 29, 31. Meanwhile, Figure 2.8 shows the location of cross-sectoral
(high to medium) risks to flooding overlaid with the population density map.
This map shows the high level threat of flooding in the coastal and river-side
barangays where most residential areas are situated. High risk barangays in
the coast (Macajalar Bay) include: Bayabas, Bulua, Bonbon, Macabalan,
Puntod, Lapasan, and the settlements in the coast line of Bugo. Moreover,
Barangays along Cagayan River (Kauswagan, Consolacion, portions of
Carmen, Nazareth, Macasandig, and Balulang, Barangays
1,13,15,22,24,28,31,35,36, settlements along the riverbanks of Lumbia,
Bayanga, and Mambuaya) and Barangays along Iponan River (Iponan,
portions of Bulua, Canitoan, Pagatpat, Baikingon, Taglimao) are also being
threatened by flooding.
Chapter 2 – Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment Page 53