2019 6th International Conference on Information Science and Control Engineering (ICISCE)

Design and Implementation of RFID based Smart Shopping Booth

Ehtisham Lodhi1,2, Fenghua Zhu1, Zeeshan Lodhi3, Qasim Saleem2, Gang Xiong4, FeiYue Wang5
1
The State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems,
Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
2
School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
3
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan
4
The Cloud Computing Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongguan, China 523808
5
Beijing Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Systems and Technology,
Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract— In this modern era, technology has advanced to such an as it (the distance between customer and VM) is very less. The
extent to make our daily life more proficient and convenient. This VM that holds the traditional mode of payment system (i.e. coin
paper presents the design and implementation of vending machine and note/cash) has several below mentioned drawbacks [3-4]:
(VM) for students, which operates on radio frequency
identification technology (RFID). Hence, it turns the VM into • Coin handling is an issue due to limiting factor of coin
smart shopping booth (SSB). The SSB gives the access only storage.
through RFID card and vend different products according to the The VM with coin based payment system could simply be
desire of student. The SSB is equipped with RFID reader and hacked.
student identity card that holds the RFID tag. When the student
Various sizes of coin are also an alarming situation.
identity card is scanned for verification and then after selecting the
required products, will be dispensed off if a student has available • Verification of note is not possible for those notes, which
balance in his/her identity card and SMS will be sent to students are not already stored in database of VMs.
about remaining balance in their cards by GSM technology. The • Cash-based VM, which operates on cash mode and accepts
programming for controller is done by using proton IDE language. fresh and new notes only. Customers do not always have
The SSB is the customized idea of vending machine and it attempts
to resolve various issues that appeared in coin/note based VM. The fresh cash.
student identity card RFID based technology is a breakthrough • Maintenance and auditing of cash is also a severe issue in
towards a paperless and cashless environment. Moreover, it is very this type of system.
beneficial in saving the precious time of students due to fast paced • 24/7 surveillance is also a challenging factor for the
life and also user friendly. RFID based SSB also improved the
communication and sensing capabilities of VM. Hence, our
security of traditional VM because of cash present in it.
suggested approach outperforms in all aspects. • There is no passcode protection system in traditional VM
system.
Keywords--component; VM (Vending Machine); RFID (radio Considering all these, it is high time we have to think for an
frequency identification technology); SSB (Smart Shopping Booth); alternative method, feels that the mode of payment system in
GSM; SMS; Cashless.
VMs i.e. RFID technology is definitely much better because of
I. INTRODUCTION its ability to address the above mentioned limitations, and is
In this era of science and technology, all things turn into extra proficient than former technologies [5].
computerized and automated. The demand of people in various
fields were overwhelmed by machines. Consumption is one of II. RELATED STUDIES
the most primary routine activity of human beings. In today’s
The previous VM system is microcontroller or processor based
busy life, machine based sales play a vibrant part in developing
machine employed for dispensation and it has complicated
the economy. As VM is also works on the principle of machine coding. Nowadays, RFID technology is widespread and playing
based sales and hence it casting an encouraging impact on an important part in numerous innovative tasks because of its
human-machine relationship [1]. VMs (non vendor machines) effective and quick outcome. RFID are usually labels that are
that offers eatable and non-eatable products such as soft drinks, employed for items identification by the means of radio waves.
juices, tea, snacks, chocolates, coffee, tickets and medicines by These (tags) labels are capable to read/write and also much more
providing its 24/7 facilities everywhere in a best possible way . reliable. So, labels could store sufficient amount of data identical
VMs can be deployed in educational institutes, shopping malls, to product name, product price, weight, size and other attributes
with the help of their unique identification number. Techniques
bus/metro stations, office buildings, airports, railway stations used for the manufacturing of VM has been transformed over a
and etc. [2]. So, its paybacks involve time flexibility, less man time span to make it safe and flexible to the human necessities.
power is required and it is more time saving in term of distance According to [6], a hardware is assembled to Pepsi VM over

978-1-7281-5712-2/19/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE 1017

DOI 10.1109/ICISCE48695.2019.00205
Authorized licensed use limited to: Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University. Downloaded on August 03,2023 at 06:51:16 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
World Wide Web. The customer has a prepaid account, which in Fig. 1. The suggested methodology consists of following
is used for buying soda from the Pepsi VM. Just by looking at components, i.e. passive RFID based student identity cards and
the web browser, they can figure it out if any of his/her desired RFID reader, keypad, Arduino Mega microcontroller and
drinks are present in the VM. In [7], offered a smart VM Arduino interfacing, SPI protocol for RFID, LCD, GSM,
compromises of a sensors and complex network of actuator
which further consist of a gateway, environmental sensors, and spirally designed coils are also required that are driven by DC
controllers. The gateway develops an extension among the motors and supported by relays for the mechanical arrangement
smartphone application and network through Bluetooth. Some of VM.
messages associated to the environmental circumstances of VM
received by the gateway through sensors and these messages Welcome to
will be directed to the application. Furthermore, the gateway also SSB
directs the messages to controllers about consumer’s choice
relating to coffee taste. In [8], researchers have proposed a FSM Scan RFID card &
(finite state machine) based VM and visual simulator which is Intitalize GSM Module
used for book delivery service in different institutes. The
numerous types of books i.e. English grammar, various notes,
references and drafts can be assessed by using this machine. Input 4 digit Passcode
Authors in [9] have also proposed the VM with reverse
implementation and it governs by FPGA. The sensors here are
used to sense the number of empty container that act as input for Passcode Checking
Wrong
VM then counter calculates the received containers quantity and
provides an output. When VM dispense the product for Right
consumers and if any item compromises of unused item SSB Access Granted
wrapper, then by taking the advantage of reverse VM operation,
consumer will receive discount or gift on next purchasing
subject to number of wrappers. According to [10] proposes the Select the vending Items
attendance marking system for students by using RFID
technology and GSM. Every student and teacher will be
Check Balance
provided with RFID card. The microcontroller is attached at the Less
door of classroom which is used for matching the student RFID Enough
information with database. If it matches, then the classroom door
Balance Transaction from
will be opened by employing the GSM module. Smart VM
card + Successful Dispense
utilizing the RFID and ZigBee technology [11] by the help of
which, the bill is generated by scanning products on reader. The
bill is transmitted to billing section and can be paid at counter LCD display remaining
without any difficulty. Balance

Send SMS to consumer about

balance after balance using GSM

END

Figure. 2. Flow diagram for proposed SSB

In the proposed system each single student is provided with a

RFID based student identity card, by using this smart card each
one can access SSB. Before using this smart card, students have
Figure 1. Block diagram for proposed RFID based SSB
to recharge these cards, as they are prepaid cards. To vend the
required product, card must be swiped on to the RFID reader
unit, which is interfaced to the PIC16F877A micro controller
with serial interfacing. The coding in controller is done by using
III. METHODOLOGY
proton IDE language. The micro controller reads the information
In this research paper, the transaction is made possible by RFID from the reader. Then student has to enter the password with
based rechargeable prepaid student identity card and it is very keypad and after successful security check he/she could easily
important in making the linkage between main systems to the buy different food items from SSB. The different food items will
SSB and beneficial in determining the items available in VM be shown on the screen of LCD. Student can opt the required
food items that act as an input to the micro controller. After
and also tells us about whether the VM is working properly or
reading the data, the microcontroller will check balance in
not. The block diagram for proposed RFID based SSB is shown student identity card, i.e. whether there is sufficient amount is

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present in card or not. If there is, then the specific food items slave, MISO (Master Input and Slave Output) is used for serial
will be dispensed off successfully. If there is no balance in data transfer from slave to master. SPI data communication is
student identity card, the buzzer will start ringing and the student done between the 8-bit master and 8-bit slave shift registers.
will receive a Short Message Service (SMS) to his/her mobile. The baud rate is generated in master mode that act as the no. of
The student have to recharge this smart card. Whenever the stock
of any food item is going to be finished then it will send a SMS symbols transmitted per second with an order of divider stage
to the Supervisor of the SSB for refilling the required food item. (2-128). The baud rate register compromises of 8 bit-data that
Flow diagram for the proposed SSB can be visualized in Figure. assist to adjust a value that is used to divide the bus clock. The
2. following equations (1 and 2) is used for the relation of baud
rate division [14]:
TABLE I. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION IN PROPOSED
METHODOLOGY OF SSB
Parameters Value
RFID Model Mifare (MFRC522)
Card type Passive
Host interface SPI
Frequency range 13.56 MHZ
Accuracy high frequency, Low power,
Password size 4 Bytes
RFID card range < 1m

Figure 3. Serial interfacing of Arduino Mega and RFID MFRC522

IV. COMPONENTS INVOLVED IN SSB
‫ܤ‬ௗ ሺ݀݅‫ݒ‬ሻ ൌ ൫ܵܲ‫ܫ‬௣௕ ൅ ͳ൯ ‫ʹ כ‬ሺܵܲ‫ܫ‬௦௕ ሻ (1)
A. RFID Technology Interface
Radio Frequency Identification is very cost effective and self- ‫ܤ‬ௗ ൌ ሺ‫ܤ‬௖௟௞ ሻȀሺ‫ܤ‬ௗ ሺ݀݅‫ݒ‬ሻሻ (2)
identification based automated wireless technology working on
the principle of capacitive and inductive resonance [12]. Where ‫ܤ‬ௗ is showing the baud rate, ܵܲ‫ܫ‬௣௕ is the pre selection
Therefore, this RFID technology integrates electromagnetic bits of SPI baud rate, ܵܲ‫ܫ‬௦௕ is the selection bit of SPI baud rate,
fields and radio frequency (RF). RFID reader module is required ‫ܤ‬௖௟௞ is Bus clock and ‫ܤ‬ௗ ሺ݀݅‫ݒ‬ሻ is the baud rate divisor.
to gather info from RFID based student identity cards, which
will be scanned by RFID reader, and then verification process
will be completed successfully. RFID based student identity B. Description of Hardware In SSB
cards are generally an identification card that keeps a distinctive RFID technology employed in based SSB consisting of passive
identification number, consist of transponder or tag and made up RFID based student identity cards and RFID reader (MFRC522
of spirally shaped coil antenna and an electronic microchip. The RFID package), 3*4 keypad, Arduino Mega microcontroller and
13.56 MHz frequency radio signals will be emitted by RFID Arduino interfacing, SPI protocol for RFID, 16*4 LCD, global
based reader and furthermore it acts as a source of power for system (GSM) for mobile communication, spirally designed
passive RFID package by employing electromagnetic field [13]. coils are also required that are driven by DC motors and
The procedure involves in RFID based technology is contactless supported by relays in mechanical arrangement of VM [15]. The
and does not need any line of sight. However, the minimum electrical components assembly for SSB is shown in Fig. 4.
distance between the RFID reader and card must be in range of
one meter to read the unique identification number stored on
specific card. Table. I shows the technical specifications of
different components required in proposed methodology of
RFID based SSB. The serial peripheral interface (SPI) has the
attributes of high speed, small range communication protocol is
obligatory for transferring the data serially among the devices
present in SPI mode viz. from master SPI to slave SPI and vice
versa. This can be seen in Fig. 3 [14]. In suggested approach, a
serial communication from master to slave is done by using the
(SPI master) Arduino Mega microcontroller (AT-mega 2560)
and (SPI slave) RFID RC522 respectively.

The SPI protocol consist of four major bus lines that are
employed for the purpose of communication i.e. (Sclk, SS,
MOSI, MISO). The SPI master generates the Sclk serial clock,
SS (select slave) when it is low. Then it allows that specific
slave to start communication with master. MOSI (Master Figure 4. Electrical components assembly for SSB [15]
Output Slave Input) is used to serial data transfer master to

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V. SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISSCUSION
The overall implementation of different modules is done on
Arduino software. The simulation setup for controlling circuit
is shown in fig.5. The mechanical portion is incorporated with
electrical modules. DC motors are used to combine with
mechanical structure for the rotation of spiral coils. The
prototype of SSB can be visualized in Fig. 6. The results of
the experiments are executed to discover the correctness and
precision of SSB using RFID intelligence for different
vending objects/items are presented in Table. II. The
efficiency is computed for both 30 and 60 iterations and based
on that the results are manipulated. The number of right
dispend item and proficiency is calculated for these items of
SSB. The list of food items present inside the SSB are as
follow, i.e. soft drink bottles, snacks, juices, biscuits and
chocolates. The graph presenting the relationship between the
type of vending Items and percentage precision can be
visualized in Fig. 7. The 100 percent accuracy level is
achieved for chocolates during 60 iterations. The superiority
attained by RFID based SSB over the existing conventional
VMs by fixing security threats and other features can be
visualized in Table. III. Hence, our suggested approach is
matchless in its performance.
Figure 5. Simulation setup of Controlling Circuit
TABLE II. PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF RFID BASED SSB
AGAINST DISPENSING ITEMS
SSB Items 30 Iterations 60 Iterations
Correctly Accuracy Correctly Accuracy
Dispensed (%) Dispensed (%)
Soft drinks 23 70 49 81
Snacks 24 74 51 85
Juices, 25 79 52 86
Biscuits 26 84 57 95
Chocolates 27 90 60 100

Performance of SSB
120

100 100
95
86 90
85 84
Accuracy (%)

80 81 79
70 74
60

40

20

0
Soft Drink Snacks Juice Biscuit Choclate
SSB Items

30 Iterations 60 Iterations

Figure 7. Vending Item versus the accuracy

Figure 6. Prototype of smart shopping booth (SSB)

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TABLE III. PERFORMAN FEATURES OF SSB Mobile Communications. ISSN 0973-6972 Volume 10, Number 4 (2017),
Features Features Comparison pp. 793-800.
Traditional SSB VM [5] R. M. Woo-Garcia, U. H. Lomeli-Dorantes, F. López-Huerta, A. L.
VM Herrera-May and J. Martínez-Castillo, "Design and Implementation of a
Note or Coin Handling Yes NO system access control by RFID," 2016 IEEE International Engineering
security for VM Yes NO Summit, II Cumbre Internacional de las Ingenierias (IESummit), Boca del
Auditing Yes NO Rio, 2016, pp. 1-4.
Password System NO Yes [6] Roger W. Webster, Ph.D. Paul W. Ross, D.E. Timothy M. Bailey Stacey
Hacking NO Yes M. Conrad Michael J. Fiorill John M. Flinchbaugh Eric A. Velkly,
“Controlling a Java enabled Pepsi(R) vending machine over the World
SMS to client using GSM NO Yes
Wide Web” Conference Proceedings. 25th Annual Conference of the
SMS to vendor using GSM NO Yes IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. 1999
DOI:10.1109/IECON.1999.822176.
[7] Kwangsoo Kim, Dong-Hwan Park, Hyochan Bang, Geonsoo
VI. CONCLUSION Hong, Seong-il Jin “Smart Coffee Vending Machine Using Sensor and
Actuator Networks’’ Conference Proceedings. 2014 IEEE International
In this paper, we introduce the design and implementation Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE), DOI:
vending machine (VM) for students that operates on radio 10.1109/ICCE.2014.6775913.
frequency identification technology (RFID). Hence, it turns the [8] Ashwag Alrehily, Ruqiah Fallatah and Vijey Thayananthan, “Design of
Vending Machine using Finite State Machine and Visual Automata
VM into smart shopping booth (SSB). The SSB is the Simulator” International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
customized idea of vending machine and it attempts to resolve Volume 115 – No. 18, April 2015.
various issues that appear in traditional coin and note operated [9] Sakshi Sharma, Ana Monga “Implementation of Reverse Vending
Machine Based on FPGA”, International Journal of Emerging
payment procedures like insecurity, storing of cash auditing and Technologies in Computational and Applied Sciences (IJETCAS)
etc. RFID based SSB also improved the communication and IJETCAS 14-153; 2014.
sensing capabilities of VM. This smart card RFID based [10] Sandhya Konatham, Bhamini Surya Chalasani, Nikita Kulkarni, Tarik El
technology gives us a major breakthrough towards a paperless Taeib “ATTENDANCE GENERATING SYSTEM USING RFID AND
GSM” 2016 IEEE Long Island Systems, Applications and Technology
and cashless environment and it is more secure payment Conference (LISAT), DOI: 10.1109/LISAT.2016.7494157.
method. Moreover, it is very beneficial in saving the precious [11] Komal Ambekar, Vinayak Dhole, Supriya Sharma, Tushar Wadekar,
time of students due to fast paced life. The SSB is user friendly Smart Shopping Trolley Using RFID, International Journal of Advanced
Research in Computer Engineering & Technology (IJARCET), 4 (10),
and we can say that our suggested approach outperforms in all 2015.
aspects. [12] T. Good and M. Benaissa, "A low-frequency RFID to challenge security
and privacy concerns," 2009 IEEE 6th International Conference on
Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems, Macau, 2009, pp. 856-863.
[13] M. Kisic, B. Dakic, M. Damnjanovic, A. Menicanin, N. Blaz and L.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT Zivanov, "Design and simulation of 13.56 MHz RFID tag in ink-jet
printing technology," Proceedings of the 36th International Spring
*This work was supported in part by the National Key Research Seminar on Electronics Technology, Alba Iulia, 2013, pp. 263-267.
and Development Program of China (No. 2018YFB1700200); [14] M. Turner and J. Naber, "The design of a bi-directional, RFID-based
the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants U ASIC for interfacing with SPI bus peripherals," 2010 53rd IEEE
1811463, 61773381, 61773382, 61533019 and 61702519; International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Seattle, WA,
2010, pp. 554-557.
Dongguan’s Innovation Talents Project (Gang Xiong); Chinese
[15] Aneeqa Ramzan, Saad Rehman, Aqib Perwaiz. "RFID technology:
Guangdong’s S&T project (2017B090912001). Currently, Mr. Beyond cash-based methods in vending machine", 2017 2nd International
Ehtisham Lodhi is doing PhD from CASIA sponsored by CAS- Conference on Control and Robotics Engineering (ICCRE), 2017.
TWAS fellowship and he has done his Master degree from
Beihang University under the supervision of Prof. Sun Jing.

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