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3d Mensuration

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18 views

3d Mensuration

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arunvks2000
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3-D Mensuration
1. Cuboid:
Definition: A cuboid is a three-dimensional shape with a length, width, and a height. The
cuboid shape has six sides called faces. Each face of a cuboid is a rectangle, and all of a
cuboid's corners (called vertices) are 90-degree angles. Ultimately, a cuboid has the
shape of a rectangular box.

If 𝒍, 𝒃, 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒉 represent Length, Breadth, and Height of the cuboid respectively.

• Total surface area of cuboid = 𝟐(𝐥𝐛 + 𝐛𝐡 + 𝐥𝐡)


• Length of diagonal of cuboid= √𝐥𝟐 + 𝐛 𝟐 + 𝐡𝟐
• Volume of cuboid = 𝐥 × 𝐛 × 𝐡
• If area of faces of cuboid are x, y and z then volume of cuboid = √𝐱𝐲𝐳

2. Cube:
Definition: A cube is a three-dimensional solid object closed by six square faces, facets
or sides, with three of them meeting at each vertex. A cube has 6 faces, 12 edges, and 8
vertices. All the sides of a cube are equal in length.

• Volume of cube = (𝐒𝐢𝐝𝐞)𝟑 = 𝐚𝟑


• Total surface area of cube = 𝟔 × (𝐒𝐢𝐝𝐞)𝟐 = 𝟔𝐚𝟐
• Length of Leading Diagonal of Cube = √𝟑 × 𝐒𝐢𝐝𝐞 = 𝐚√𝟑

3. Cylinder:
Definition: A cylinder is a closed solid that is formed by connecting two parallel (usually
circular) bases by a curved surface. The two parallel bases are circular in shape. The radius
of the circular bases is called the radius of cylinder and the straight distance between these
two bases is called the height of the Cylinder.

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If, 𝒓 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒉 represent radius of the base of the cylinder and Height of the cylinder
respectively.

• Curved surface area of a cylinder = 𝟐𝛑𝐫𝐡


• Total surface area of a cylinder = 𝟐𝝅𝒓(𝒓 + 𝒉)
• Volume of a cylinder = 𝛑𝐫 𝟐 𝐡

4. Cone:
Definition: A cone is a solid that has a circular base connected to a point vertex. In a
cone the flat base smoothly tapers to a point called the apex or vertex as shown in the
figure.

If, 𝒓, 𝒉 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒍 represent radius of the base of the cone, Height of the cone, and Slant height
of the cuboid respectively.

• Slant height of a cone = 𝐥 = √𝐡𝟐 + 𝐫 𝟐


• Curved surface area of a cone (𝐂. 𝐒. 𝐀. ) = 𝛑 × 𝐫 × 𝐥
• Total surface area of a cone (𝐓. 𝐒. 𝐀. ) = 𝛑 × 𝐫 × (𝐫 + 𝐥)
𝟏
• Volume of right circular cone = × 𝛑𝐫 𝟐 𝐡
𝟑
• Important relation between radius, height and slant height of similar cone.

5. Sphere:
Definition: A sphere is a geometrical figure that is perfectly round, 3-dimensional and
circular - like a ball. In Geometry, a sphere is defined as the set of all points equidistant
from a single point in space.

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• Surface area of a sphere = 𝟒𝛑𝐫 𝟐 = 𝛑𝐝𝟐


𝟒
• Volume of a sphere = ( ) 𝛑𝐫 𝟑
𝟑

6. Hemisphere:
Definition: A hemisphere is a half-cut portion of a Sphere that is cut along one of its axis.

𝟐
• Volume of a hemisphere = ( ) 𝛑𝐫 𝟑
𝟑
• Curved surface area of a hemisphere = 𝟐𝛑𝐫 𝟐
• Total surface area of a hemisphere = 𝟑𝛑𝐫 𝟐

7. Hollow Cylinder:
Definition: A hollow Cylinder is a Cylinder that is vacant from inside and has a thin layer
of sheet to form the shape.

If R, r and h represent Outer radius of cylinder, Inner radius of cylinder and Height of
hollow cylinder respectively.
• Volume of hollow cylinder = 𝛑(𝐑𝟐 − 𝐫 𝟐 )𝐡

8. Frustum of a cone:
Definition: Frustum of a cone is obtained by cutting a right circular cone by a plane
parallel to the base of the cone.

If, 𝑹, 𝒓, 𝒉 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒍 represent radius of the base of the frustum, radius of the top of the frustum,
height of the frustum, and slant height respectively.

• Slant height of the frustum = 𝐥 = √𝐡𝟐 + (𝐑 − 𝐫)𝟐


• Curved surface area of frustum = 𝛑(𝐑 + 𝐫)𝐥
• Total surface area of frustum = 𝛑(𝐑 + 𝐫)𝐥 + 𝛑(𝐑𝟐 + 𝐫 𝟐 )
𝟏
• Volume of the frustum = ( ) 𝛑𝐡(𝐑𝟐 + 𝐫 𝟐 + 𝐑𝐫)
𝟑

9. Prism:

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Definition: Prism is a three-dimensional solid that is formed by two similar parallel (of
any shape) bases connected by a surface.

• Volume of prism = Base area × height


• Lateral surface area of prism = perimeter of base × height
• Total surface area of prism = Lateral surface area + (2 × base area)

10. Pyramid:
Definition: A pyramid is a polyhedron that has a base (of any shape) whose points meet
at a point called the apex.
• Total surface area of pyramid =
𝟏
𝐛𝐚𝐬𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚 + (𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐬 × × 𝐬𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭 × 𝐛𝐚𝐬𝐞 𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡)
𝟐
𝟏
• Volume of pyramid = ( ) × 𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝐛𝐚𝐬𝐞 × 𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭
𝟑

Important facts:
• From a solid cylinder no. of maximum solid cone of same height and radius as cylinder
are 3.
• From a solid sphere, no. of maximum solid cone having height and radius equal can be
made are 4.
• From a solid hemisphere, no. of maximum solid cone having height and radius equal can
be made are 2.

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