4 - Q1 General Mathematics
4 - Q1 General Mathematics
General Mathematics
Quarter 1 - Module 4
(Week 4)
Inverse Functions
ii
About the Module
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
about One-to-One Functions. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary
levels of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with
the textbook you are now using.
iv
What I Know (Pre-Test)
Instructions: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write them on a separate
sheet of paper.
6. Which of the following shows the correct graph of f(x) and its inverse f -1(x)?
A. B. C. D.
1
For questions 7-10, please refer to the graph shown below:
4. Which of the following graphs show the inverse of the given function?
A. C.
B. D.
2
For questions 11-15, refer to the graph, f (x)=2x+3 with domain {x|--3≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3} as
shown below.
9. Which of the following shows the equation of the inverse of the given
function in number 14?
𝑥+3 𝑥+2
A. 𝑦= 2
C. 𝑦= 3
𝑥−3 𝑥−2
B. 𝑦= D. 𝑦=
2 3
3
Lesson One-to-One Functions
13
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What’s In
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terms and concepts shown below.
Vertical Line Test (VLT). This is a method to determine if the given relation
is a function by creating imaginary vertical lines across the graph. If the
vertical line can hit two or more points on the graph, it is not considered a
function.
The graph of a function that passed the Vertical Line Test (VLT) is shown
below:
VLT VLT
Note: The vertical line touches the graph ONLY ONCE to consider the graph a
function.
4
What’s New
There are pairs of objects inside each
T set. Try to identify the similarities
of the pairs in each set. What makes Set A different from Set B?
Set A Set B
What Is It
What is a ONE-TO-ONE FUNCTION?
Definition:
The function is one-to-one if for any x1, x2 in the domain of f, then f(x1)≠f(x2).
That is, the same y-value is never paired with two different x-values (Versoza
et al., General Mathematics Teaching Guide 2016).
Examples
The table below shows real life situations showing a one-to-one function.
One-to-One Function Explanation
Each student is assigned to a
1. The relation pairing a student to his or her unique LRN. Thus, the
Learner’s Reference Number (LRN) relation is a function. Further,
two different students cannot be
assigned the same LRN. Thus, the
function is one-to-one.
2. The relation pairing your transaction and its Transaction reference number is
reference number. a unique sequence of numbers
assigned for every transaction.
This is used to easily identify a
specific transaction when a
customer returns a defective
product. Since no two
transactions can contain the
same reference number, this is an
example of a one-to-one function.
3. {(0,1), (1,2), (2,3),(3,4), (4,5), (5,6)} Every output y has a unique input
x in the given set of ordered pairs.
Hence, the function is one-to-one.
5
4. x y In the diagram, all y-values have
unique corresponding x-values.
0 2 Hence, the function is one-to-one.
1 3
2 4
The table below shows real life situations showing a non-one-to-one function.
NOT a One-to-One Function Explanation
1. The relation pairing a real number to its Each real number has a unique
square. perfect square. Thus, the relation
is a function. However, two
different real numbers such as 2
and –2 may have the same
square. Thus, the function is not
one-to-one.
2. The relation pairing a person to his or her The relation is not a function
citizenship. because a person can have dual
citizenship.
3. {(-2,4), (-1,1), (0,0),(1,1), (2,4), (3,9)} In this set of ordered pairs,
observe that the y-values 1 and 4
have two corresponding x-values
such as -1 & 1 and -2 & 2
respectively.
4. x y In the diagram, one has two
corresponding x-values, -1 and 1.
-1 0 Hence, the function is not one-to-
0 1 one.
1 4
6
Given Graph (Linear Function)
What’s More
NOW IT’S YOUR TURN!
Activity 13
Instructions. Put a check mark if the given is a One-to-One Function and if it
is non-one-to-one function.
14. 15.
7
What I Need To Remember
Lesson
Inverse of One-to-One Function
14
What’s In
“
Welcome to Lesson 14! I’m teacher Mathilda. I will
continue
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are terms that you need to
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that you willconcepts
understandyou’ve
functions
learned in Lesson 13 like one-to-one function, non-one-
to-one functions and horizontal line test (HLT).
What’s New
Inverting functions: Consider the rule, table of values and graph shown below.
If the values in the domain and range will T be interchanged, how does this affect
the function? Is it still a function? Let’s investigate on the next page!
8
ORIGINAL FUNCTION INTERCHANGED DOMAIN AND RANGE
𝑥 +1
Rule: y=2x – 1 Rule:
2
Table of Values: Table of Values:
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 x -7 -5 -3 -1 1 3 5
y -7 -5 -3 -1 1 3 5 y -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
Graph: Graph:
What is It
Let f be a one-to-one function with domain A and range B. Then the inverse of f,
denoted by f–1, is a function with domain B and range A defined by f–1 (y) = x if and
only if f(x) = y for any y in B (Versoza et al., General Mathematics Teaching Guide
2016).
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Example 1: Find the inverse of f(x) = 2x + 5
Solution:
Step1: Write the function in the form of y = f(x) y = 2x + 5
Step 2: Interchange the x and y variables x = 2y + 5
-2y = -x + 5
1 1
Step 3: Solve for y in terms of x using Multiplication − 2 (−2𝑦) = (−𝑥 + 5) − 2
𝑥 −5
Property of Equality (MPE), multiply both y = 2
sides by -1/2 then simplify
𝒙 −𝟓
Therefore, the inverse of f(x) = 2x + 5 is f-1(x) =
𝟐
Given a one-to-one function f (x) and its inverse f -1 (x), then the following are
true:
The inverse of f -1 (x) is f (x)
f ( f -1 (x) ) = x for all x in the domain of f -1`
f -1 (f (x) ) = x for all x in the domain of f.
10
Some functions like quadratic functions and absolute value
functions don’t have inverse functions.
For an absolute value function like f (x) = |2x|, the graph of f (x) = |2x| is shaped
like a “V” whose vertex is located at the origin. This function has no inverse since
it did not pass the horizontal line test.
What’s More
Instructions: Find the inverse of the function and write the letter of the inverse in the
box above the number of the given function. Show your solutions on a separate sheet
of paper.
MATH IS CALLED THE
O
1 2 3 4 5 2 4 6 7 8 9 9 4 10 5 1
-Ronald Graham (American Mathematician)
FUNCTIONS
1
1. f (x) = 2x - 3 6. f (x) = 𝑥+4
2
3𝑥+1
2. f (x) = 7. f (x) = 3x - 4
2
5𝑥 𝑥+1
3. f (x) = +5 8. f (x) =
3 𝑥−2
2𝑥
4. f (x) = 9. f (x) = 3x + 7
3
−3𝑥
5. f (x) = -2x + 1 10. f (x) = +2
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INVERSE FUNCTIONS
2𝑥+1 𝑥−1
A. f -1 (x) = N. f -1 (x) = −
𝑥−1 2
2𝑥−1 𝑥+4
C. f -1 (x) = P. f -1 (x) =
3 3
3𝑥 4(𝑥−2)
E. f -1 (x) = R. f -1 (x) = −
2 3
𝑥+3
F. f -1 (x) = 2(x-4) S. f -1 (x) =
2
3(𝑥−5) 𝑥−7
I. f -1 (x) = T. f -1 (x) =
5 3
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What I Need To Remember
• Inverse Function
Let f be a one-to-one function with domain A and range B. Then the
inverse of f, denoted by f–1, is a function with domain B and range A
defined by f–1 (y) = x if and only if f(x) = y for any y in B.
• A function has an inverse if and only if it is one-to-one.
• Properties of the Inverse of a One-to-One Function
➢ The inverse of f -1 (x) is f (x)
➢ f ( f -1 (x) ) = x for all x in the domain of f -1`
➢ f -1 (f (x) ) = x for all x in the domain of f.
Lesson
Graphs of Inverse Functions
15
What I Need To Know
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
o represent an inverse function through its graph; and
o find the domain and range of an inverse function.
What’s In
Before we
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you need to
What’s New
Copy and complete the drawings by sketching the
reflection of the figure across the line y=x.
y=x y=x
Image 1 Image 2
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What is It
Graphing Inverse Functions
• Verify if the given graph is a one-to-one function by using the horizontal line
test. If the horizontal line touches the graph only once, then the function is
one-to-one.
• The graph of the inverse of a one-to-one function can be drawn by
reflecting the graph about the line y=x.
Example 1: Graph the inverse of the function, f (x)=3x-2 with domain {x|-1≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2}
as shown below.
(a) What is the range of f (x)?
(b) What is the domain and range of its inverse?
Solution:
Step1: Draw the reflection of the restricted
graph f (x)=3x-2 with domain {x|-1≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2}
across the line y=x.
y=x
f-1 (x)
f-1 (x)
Step2: Determine the values of the range of the original function and the
domain and range of the inverse function by inspecting the graph above.
(a) The range of the original function can be determined by the inspection of the
graph. The range is {f(x) ∈ R| -5≤ 𝑓(𝑥) ≤4}.
(b) The domain and range of the inverse function can also be determined by
inspection of the graph.
b.1 The domain of the inverse is {x ∈ R| -5≤ 𝑥 ≤4}.
b.2 The range of the inverse is {y ∈ R| -1≤ 𝑦 ≤2}.
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In summary,
f (x) f-1 (x)
Domain {x ∈ R |-1≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2} {x ∈ R| -5≤ 𝑥 ≤4}
Range {y ∈ R| -5≤ 𝑦 ≤4} {y ∈ R| -1≤ 𝑦 ≤2}
Observe that the domain of the inverse is the range of the original
function, and that the range f of the inverse is the domain of the original
function.
3𝑥+2
Example 2: Consider the rational function f(x) = whose graph is shown below.
2𝑥−1
Solution:
(a) Find its domain and range.
From our lesson on rational functions, we get the following:
Domain : {x ∈ R|𝑥 ≠ 0.5}
Range : {y ∈ R|𝑦 ≠ 1.5}
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(c) Find the graph of its inverse.
The inverse can be graphed by taking the reflection of the graph across y=x.
y=x
f (x) f (x)
f -1 (x)
f -1 (x)
Observe that the new asymptotes are the old asymptotes with the x and y values
interchanged. In fact, the asymptotes could also be obtained by reflecting the original
asymptotes about the line y=x.
The domain and range of the functions and its inverse are as follows:
Observe that the domain of the inverse is the range of the original
function and the range of the inverse is the domain of the original function.
15
What’s More
Activity 15.1: FACT OR BLUFF
Instructions: Write FACT if the given graph shows the function f (x) and its inverse
f-1(x). If the inverse is not the correct reflection across the line y=x, write BLUFF.
16
17
For questions 7-10, please refer to the graph shown below:
10. Which of the following graphs show the inverse of the given function?
A. C.
B. D.
18
For questions 11-15, refer to the graph of f (x)= -2x + 1 with domain {x|-2≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2}
as shown below.
15. Which of the following shows the equation of the inverse of the given
function?
𝑥+1 −𝑥+1
A. 𝑦= 2
C. 𝑦= 2
−𝑥−1 𝑥−1
B. 𝑦= D. 𝑦=
2 2
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References
Text Book
Oronce, Orlando A. 2016. General Mathematics. Manila, Philippines: Rex
Publishing.
PDF
Verzosa, Debbie Marie B. et al. 2016. General Mathematics Learner's Material.
Pasig City, Philippines.
Verzosa, Debbie Marie B. et al. 2016. General Mathematics Teaching Guide.
Quezon City, Philippines, June.
Cover Image
The cover image is an original image created using canva application.
Images
All images used in this module are creative commons results taken from the
Insert Ribbon – Online Pictures from MS Office 365.
Image 1: retrieved July 11, 2020, This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed
under CC BY-NC
Image 2: retrieved July 12, 2020, This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed
under CC BY-NC
Avatars
All avatars used in this module are created originally using the Bitmoji
mobile application. Created on July 11, 2020.
Icons
All icons used in this module is taken from MS Office 365.
Graphs
All graphical representation in this module is a snip/ screenshot using the
graphing calculator site of www.desmos.com.
Congratulations!
You are now ready for the next module. Always remember the following:
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