PEDRO RUIZ GALLO NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, SYSTEMS AND

ARCHITECTURE
PROFESSIONAL SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS
CHAIR: ARCH. JORGE AÑASCO CRUZADO

Arroyo Becerra María Arteaga Gómez Tania

Carranza Mestanza Fray
Durand Nanfuñay Fabio
Sempertegui Fernandez Yenyfer
Sempertegui Villegas Kevin
Masonry

DEFINITION

Traditional construction system

most used today, which consists of
the superimposition of elements,
whose placement will be
manually.

These elements will be joined together using

some type of material, such as mortar, cement
mortars or other materials.
DEFINITION

Structural masonry is a system

composed of concrete blocks or other
materials that form highly resistant
monolithic systems.

This system involves They can be partially or completely filled

the construction of with filling mortar.
hand-laid, vertically
drilled walls, internally
reinforced with
structural steel and tie
wires.
FEATURES
ACE
Most economical system:

This system allows the construction of the walls to be very fast, thereby reducing costs due to few activities, equipment and
labor.

Longer lasting system: Thanks to the fact

that this system is
Since both structural and architectural characteristics internally
are combined, it will allow the construction to be more reinforced with
durable and its maintenance will not be frequent. steel, the mooring
Tolerates seismic forces: wire filling mortars will allow it to have a good
reaction to seismic forces, winds or gravity loads.
I
ADVANTA I DISADVANTAG
GES ES
• Good finish, it can be used as a facing or, • The mortar should be more fluid and you should use more in
any case, the plastering would be of minimum thickness. cement to obtain optimal resistance

• There is great speed in construction • Thickness of the important wall subtracting areas
from the environments

• A single category of labor is used. The workforce must be qualified

• Less warping than other units • Requires greater work control

• High fire resistance because it uses non-combustible materials • It has low tensile strength
ELEMENTS AND
MATERIALS
ELEMENTS AND
MATERIALS

For reinforced masonry works,

mainly stone materials, steel and mortars.

MATERIALS ITEMS

ROCKS BRICKS

STEEL RODS

BINDER CEMENT
MORTAR
ELEMENTS AND MATERIALS

CONCRETE BLOCK
They are construction elements formed from
of a model or mold, varying in size and ADVANTA
shape. GES

■ Uniformity of dimensions.
■ Minor warping.
CHARACTERISTICS ■ Limited absorption.
■ It can be used as a face.
■ Lower breakage percentage.
RESISTANCE
IN
UNDERSTANDI
NG.
ABSORPTION.

ACOUSTIC ISOLATION.

THERMAL ISOLATION .
CONCRETE BLOCK

GUYS
CLASSIFICATIO
N
CONCRETE BLOCK
½
They are used for moorings,
Veneers and exterior walls. Of their
TYPE high measurements are 19 x 19 x
24 14
compression. cm

Moderate resistance to
compression and cold.
TYPE ¾ CONCRETE BLOCK:
17
The width varies
according to the thickness
For general use of the wall
TYPE
14 PARTITI
ON
SOCKET
For general use where TYPICAL BLOCK:
moderate compressive Can be used for wall
TYPE strength is required armed and confined
cutting,
10 measures 19x
RASALTO _K
Concrete blocks

Features of its Use

SKELETON
REINFORCED CONCRETE
❖ With the mecano stackable block
are built
Masonry Bearing Walls
Navy
The

r
vertical
armor
and
horizont
al housed
in the
alveoli is
filled
with
concrete
Concrete blocks

r tf
Use of Thicknes
s: 12 to
modular
parts 15 cm.
different Length
30cm
measurem
Height:
ents
15cm

❖ Very precise units,

your
normalized variability is
+/- 0.5mm
Concrete blocks

> The concrete slab or plate

foundation is more
efficient and economical
Concrete blocks

MANUFACTURING

Using molds and manually

compacting the mixture.
Manufacturing They have medium
Artisanal resistance: 50 kg/cm2.
Low manufacturing
performance.

For the

manufacturing process : >

Selection of materials.
> Fine aggregate and
cement.
Concrete blocks

> Water free of impurities.

> Equipment availability.
> Vibrating table.
> Metal mold.
Concrete blocks

5. DRYING AND 4.CURING

STORAGE.
Concrete blocks

MANUFACTU FABRICATION PROCESS :

RING
Careful selection of
aggregates 1 . IT IS DOSED
CONCRETE IS
WITH A SYSTEM
Correct dosage
Manufacturing COMPUTERIZED
MIXED
Proper block design
Industrial Uniform mixing and
compacting.

■ Adequate curing 3 . THE BLOCKS ARE

and 4 . SPRAY
CURING IS VIBRO MOLDED –
storage. CARRIED OUT COMPREHENSIVE IN
AN AUTOMIZED PRESS
.

6 . IF COLOR IS
DESIRED, PIGMENTS
5. ARE ADDED TO THE
DRYING MIXTURE .
ELEMENTS AND MATERIALS

STEEL
REINFORCEMENTS
Vertical ■
Reinforcement

The vertical ■
reinforcements are
called tensioners. ■

Horizontal
■
Horizontal reinforcements
■
■
are known as stirrups.
■
■
Using molds and manually compacting the
mixture.
They have medium resistance: 50 kg/cm2.
Low manufacturing performance.
Careful selection of aggregates
Correct dosage Proper design of the block
Uniform mixing and compacting.
Proper curing and storage.

STRUCTURE
MASONRY
NAVY
EARS
* Any of the foundations used for the construction could be used.
Confined Masonry

RECOMMENDATION P It is
S
recommended not to use the cyclopean concrete strip foundation, because
the large stones used could displace the vertical reinforcement
> The vertical reinforcement must be placed with great precision, tying it to
horizontal and transverse rods.
> If it does not fit into the cells of the block, it is recommended to cut its
transverse caps, but in no way should the rod be bent because its
ability to work under traction, produced by bending moment and
shear-shear, would be lost.
Vertical dowels are left anchored in the
foundation .
PURPOSE: facilitate the settling of the

Crabs in grout
At the end of the Landslide
construction, insert the faults
masonry

Standard E. Recommend
070
blocks Continuous vertical reinforcement
• The foundation is the thickness
of the wall
• Height above the natural ground
Yes level of at least 30cm
EI
TH
ER Use formwork with boards to shape it

b
R 3 hours after the concrete has been poured, the area
AN In the construction of the
to be occupied by the wall must be scratched in a
5mm depth
D foundation
c
Yo in order to improve the masonry - surfacing
M connection

Yo
AN PURPOSE: protect the
D moisture masonry
natural soil
N
T
EI
TH
ER
Lightweight or solid slabs, reinforced in one or two
directions, or prefabricated joists are used.
It must be covered with the reinforcement, which must be
at least 2cm to avoid corrosion. Replace roofs
lightened by reinforced
slabs
in 2 directions (lightened or
solid)

redistribute

the gravity load on all

building walls

The lightened joists mostly

concentrate the loads on the walls
where they rest.
HORIZONTAL REINFORCEMENTS IN THE
WALLS

WALL AXIS

This reinforcement can be placed in the horizontal joints in

form of :
Congesting the cells must be avoided so that they do not
hinder the passage of the grout (cause of crabs) . For example,
it is preferable to bend it vertically or horizontally at 90º than
to make a horizontal hook at 180º .
VERTICAL
REINFORCEMENT
FROM THE WALL

It is used to assume the efforts of

compound bending in elements For a rod to remain
structural adequately covered and
can transfer your efforts
to grout, as well as to avoid
the formation of crab pots

Minimum dimension of the

cells be: 5cm for each
rod or 4 times the diameter
of
the bar by the number of
bars housed in the cell .
HOUSE
MA34
This house is located
located on the outskirts of the
city of Buenos Aires, on
a very well oriented lot, with
privileged visuals to a
golf course, but in a
irregular geometry.
HOUSE
MA34 The volumes had to be well differentiated
each other, as well as their materiality, without
ceasing to
compose a unit
EXTERIOR VIEWS

In this way it was decided to create a body of the

house with exposed concrete block, and another
HOUSE
MA34 with
white plaster finish
HOUSE
MA34
INTERIOR VIEWS

Based on the premises raised by the

clients, it was agreed that it should be a home
monumental in character but with strong
language
contemporary.
REINFORCED MASONRY

CONSTRUCTIVE PROCESS
CONSTRUCTIVE PROCESS

STEPS

2.- PLACEMENT 4.- 6.- INJECTION

OF AXLES OF THE OF THE FILLING
BOOSTER
MORTAR
VERTICAL
—m PLACEMENT
OF THE THE
REINFORCEMENT
REPLAN P
THEO OF
THE
CIMENT
ACTION
Transfer data to
the field flat
foundation of
the project.

Subsequently, the respective foundation was carried out .

PLACE
Before pouring TION OF the foundation, complete rods will be placed
in the AXLES foundation reinforcement, and they must be
placed at a OF R. maximum distance of 80 cm.
VERTIC
TO THE
Place the first PLACE P course of blocks without adhesive mortar to verify the placement of reinforcing rods and blocks
with inspection TION OF windows.
THE
ROW
Yes

Placement of
Vertical
blocks theof reinforcing steel
concrete.

concrete block
Horizontal of Vertical reinforcing
reinforcem steel
ent This
placement.
It will be placed
maximum every
60 cm.
PLACEM concrete block
ENT OF
REINFOR
CEMENT
S

Horizontal reinforcing
steel

Vertical reinforcement
of steel

width of each row

When walls intersect at corners,

it is necessary to properly
reinforce that connection .
Horizontal
reinforcem
ent
anchor.
ELEV
ACIO
N
OF
THE
MUR
EITH
ER

All the
bloc y
ks wil
The respective mortar will be poured into the cavities of the concrete blocks, unite
glue mortar .l
always at a low height. d be
by
INJECTIO
N
ON DEL
MORTER
OR OF
FILL IN
EITHER
TERMI The top of the wall and the door and window openings should be finished with a
NATIO crown beam or tie
N OF beam.
THE
MUR

Regardless of the type of tie beam, holding pins should be left for placement of the roof structure.

PINS
WAIT
HOUSE
MA34
This house is located
located on the outskirts of the
city of Buenos Aires, on
a very well oriented lot, with
privileged visuals to a
golf course, but in a
irregular geometry.
HOUSE
MA34 The volumes had to be well differentiated
each other, as well as their materiality, without
ceasing to
compose a unit
EXTERIOR VIEWS

In this way it was decided to create a body of the

house with exposed concrete block, and another
HOUSE
MA34 with
white plaster finish
HOUSE
MA34
INTERIOR VIEWS

Based on the premises raised by the

clients, it was agreed that it should be a home
monumental in character but with strong
language
contemporary.
RESIDENTIAL FRAILEJON
II
This residential is located
located in the municipality of
Soacha Colombia, consists of
480
apartments with their
respective common areas and
large green areas. Account
with easy access and
transport.
RESIDENTIAL FRAILEJON II
II
RESIDENTIAL FRAILEJON
II CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS
r
STRUCTURE: REINFORCED MASONRY, WALLS 1
CONCRETE, MEzzanine floors
k CONCRETE.

REINFORCED MASONRY
RESIDENTIAL FRAILEJON
II CONCRETE mezzanine floors
WALLS CONCRETE

FACADE OF COVER OF
BRICK FIBER CEMENT
STRUCTURAL TILE
BOTANIC TOWERS
• CONSTRUCTION SITE:
Botanical Towers
• LOCATION:
city of córdoba –
Argentina
• YEAR OF EXECUTION:
2005/2006

$ DESCRIPTION

• Consisting of (6) single-family residential

buildings with (4) floors.
• Each building has a total covered area of 1500
square meters.
• The construction system:
“Reinforced masonry”
• Prestressed concrete joists were used for the mezzanine slabs.