Intro to ICT - Number System By Dr.

Naeem Ahmed

Chapter 2 (A)
Number Systems

By
Dr. Naeem Ahmed 1

Number System
• Computers use Decimal, Binary, Octal, and Hexadecimal
number systems.

• Decimal Number System

• Binary Number System
• Octal Number System
• Hexa Number System

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Intro to ICT - Number System By Dr. Naeem Ahmed

Decimal Number System

The decimal number system consists of 10 digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, and 9 and is the most commonly used number system. We
use the combination of these 10 digits to form all other numbers.
The value of a digit in a number depends upon its position in the
number. The place value table for the decimal number system is
as:

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Decimal Number System (Cont.)

Each place to the left is ten times greater than the place to its
right, that is, as we move from the right to the left, the place
value increases ten times with each place.

• A decimal number system is also called the Base 10 system.

• A number 49,365 is read as Forty-nine thousand three hundred sixty-five,

where the value of 4 is forty thousand, 9 is nine thousand, 3 is three
hundred, 6 is sixty and 5 is five.

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Intro to ICT - Number System By Dr. Naeem Ahmed

Binary Number System

• In the binary number system, we only use two digits 0 and 1.
It means a 2 number system.

• Example of binary numbers: 1011; 101010; 1101101

• Each digit in a binary number is called a bit. So, a binary

number 101 has 3 bits.

• Computers and other digital devices use the binary system.

The binary number system uses Base 2.

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Octal Number System

A number system with base 8 is called an octal number system.
The position of every digit has a value which is a power of 8. A
number in the octal number system is represented with the
number 8 at the base.

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Intro to ICT - Number System By Dr. Naeem Ahmed

Hexadecimal Number System

The word hexadecimal comes from Hexa meaning 6, and decimal
meaning 10. So, in a hexadecimal number system, there are 16
digits. It consists of digits 0 to 9 and then has first 5 letters of the
alphabet as

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Number System Coversion

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Intro to ICT - Number System By Dr. Naeem Ahmed

Convert From Decimal to Binary

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Convert From Decimal to Binary

Divide by 2 Result Remainder Binary Value

294 ÷ 2 147 0 0 (LSB)

147 ÷ 2 73 1 1

73 ÷ 2 36 1 1

36 ÷ 2 18 0 0

18 ÷ 2 9 0 0

9÷2 4 1 1

4÷2 2 0 0

2÷2 1 0 0

1÷2 0 1 1 (MSB)

Therefore, the binary equivalent for the given decimal number 29410 is 1001001102

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Convert From Binary to Decimal

Example : Convert 56310 into binary equivalent

Solution

563 =

2 563 -----1
2 281 -----1
2 140 -----0
2 70 -----0
2 35 -----1
2 17 -----1
2 8 -----0
2 4 -----0
2 2 -----0
1

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Convert From Binary to Decimal

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Intro to ICT - Number System By Dr. Naeem Ahmed

Convert From Binary to Decimal

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Convert From Binary to Decimal

Example : Convert Binary to decimal.

0110101 =
(0 × 26 ) + (1 × 25 ) + (1 × 24) + (0 × 23) + (1× 22 ) + (0 × 21 ) + (1 × 20)
= 0 + 32 + 16 + 0 + 4 + 0 + 1
= 53

10100011
= (1 × 27) + (0 × 26) + (1 × 25) + (0 × 24) + (0 × 23) + (0 × 22) + (1 × 21) + (1 × 20)
= 128 + 0 + 32 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 2 + 1
= 163

11101111 =
(1 × 27) + (1 × 26) + (1 × 25) + (0 × 24) + (1 × 23) + (1 × 22) + (1 × 21) + (1 × 20)
= 128 + 64 + 32 + 0 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1
= 239
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Convert From Decimal to Octal

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Convert From Decimal to Octal

For example: Convert 1792 into an octal number.

Decimal Number Operation Quotient Remainder Octal Number

1792 ÷8 224 0 0

224 ÷8 28 0 00

28 ÷8 3 4 400

3 ÷8 0 3 3400

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Intro to ICT - Number System By Dr. Naeem Ahmed

Convert From Octal to Decimal

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Convert From Decimal to Hexadecimal

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Intro to ICT - Number System By Dr. Naeem Ahmed

Convert From Hexadecimal to Decimal

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