JOHANNESBURG CENTRAL DISTRICT (D14)

MID-YEAR EXAMINATION
2023

GEOGRAPHY GRADE 10

MARKING GUIDELINE

MARKS: 150

This marking guideline consists of 08 pages.

SECTION A: THE ATMOSPHERE

QUESTION 1

1.1 1.1.1 A (drought)

1.1.2 A (convection)

1.1.3 D (greenhouse gases)

1.1.4 D (troposphere)

1.1.5 D (chlorofluorocarbons)

1.1.6 A (frost)

1.1.7 C (synoptic weather map) (7 x 1)

1.2 1.2.1 G (Variable gases) ✓

1.2.2 I (Isobars) ✓

1.2.3 F (Crystallisation) ✓

1.2.4 E (Nitrogen) ✓

1.2.5 D (Isotherms) ✓

1.2.6 C (Frontal rain) ✓

1.2.7 A (Convection rain) ✓

1.2.8 B (Insolation) ✓ (8 x 1)

1.3 1.3.1 Ozone depletion is the destruction of ozone so that holes form
in the ozone layer
(Concept) (1 x 1) (1)

1.3.2 Stratosphere (1 x 1) (1)

1.3.3 Chlorofluorocarbon (1 x 1) (2)

1.3.4 • Cars
• Coal
• Factories
• Industrial activities
• CFCs (Any 3 x 1) (3)

1.3.5 • It may cause skin cancer

• Eye cataracts
• Lowering of immune systems, resulting in increased illness
in people and animals
• Increase in the incidence of malaria (Any 1 x 2) (2)

1.3.6 • People should try to use products which are labelled ‘ozone
friendly’
• The Montreal Protocol is seen as one of the most successful
attempts at reducing the effects of ozone depletion
• All CFCs should be replaced
• Plant more trees
• Use public transport
• Internationally, people should keep high altitude flights to a
minimum as combustion in aeroplane engines reduces the
amount of oxygen in the atmosphere (Any 3 x 2) (6)

1.4 1.4.1 Summer (1 x 1) (1)

1.4.2 Gauteng (1 x 1) (1)

1.4.3 (a) Cumulonimbus (1 x 1) (1)

(b) Lightning
Hailstones
Heavy rainfall
Thunderstorms
Cloudy (Any 2 x 1) (2)

1.4.4 Thunderstorm is accompanied by rainfall

There will be enough water for crops and animals
There will be enough water for domestic use (Any 2 x 1) (2)

1.4.5 - Heavy rainfalls can cause flash floods which

may lead to the destruction of infrastructure and
houses
- The impact thunderstorms have on people can be
very harmful e.g. electrocution, shock and even
deaths
- Thunder can destroy the environment, It can
hurt/scare animals, It can burn vegetation (Any 4 x 2) (8)

1.5 1.5.1 Isobar (1 x 1) (1)

1.5.2 (a) A - High Pressure (1 x 1) (1)

(b) B - Low Pressure (1 x 1) (1)

1.5.3 1 020 hPa (1 x 2) (2)

1.5.4 (a) Summer (1 x 1) (1)

(b) Low pressure in the interior
High pressure further away from land (1 x 2) (2)
1.5.5 (5 x 1) (5)
Weather Description
Air temperature 16° C √
Wind direction South West √
Wind speed 10 knots √
Precipitation None √
Cloud cover Overcast √

1.5.6
√√
(1 x 2) (2)

2.1 2.1.1 D (geomorphology)

2.1.2 E (fault)

2.1.3 B (crust)

2.1.4 G (quartzite)

2.1.5 C (fossil)

2.1.6 H (folding)

2.1.7 F (mantle)

2.1.8 A (sediments) (8 x 1) (8)

2.2 2.2.1 Earthquake (1 x 1) (1)

2.2.2 A – Focus
B – Epicentre
C – Seismic waves
D – Fault line (4 x 1) (4)

2.2.3 more destruction (1 x 1) (1)

2.2.4 Seismograph (1 x 1) (1)

2.3.1 Indian-Australian Plate/Indo-Australian Plate ✓ (1 x 1) (1)

2.3.2 Pangaea (1 x 1) (1)
2.3.3 Alfred Wegener ✓ (1 x 1) (1)
 − In convergent plate boundaries, plates are moving towards
each other. ✓✓
- Folded mountain ranges usually form along convergent plate
boundaries. ✓✓ (Any 1 x 2) (2)
2.3.5

(2) Marks for showing passive arrows

(2 (2) Marks for overall sketch (2 x 2) (4)

 − All the continents appear to fit neatly together like a

jigsaw puzzle. ✓✓
−The discovery of fossils in both Africa and South
America proved that these two continents had once
been joined. ✓✓
− Positions of old Mountain ranges on the map of Pangaea are
all lined up. ✓✓
− Geologist found that the mountains were formed of rocks of
the same type, age and structure. ✓✓
− When continents started to move apart, the Atlantic Ocean appeared
and has been getting wider ever since. ✓✓ (Any 3 x 2) (6)

2.4 2.4.1 A Crust ✓

B Mantle ✓
C Outer Core ✓
D. Inner Core ✓ (4 x 1) (4)

2.4.2 Layer A/Crust ✓ (1 x 1) (1)

2.4.3 Rocks in layer B are in a hot, thick molten state and therefore Layer B is
hotter than layer A. ✓✓. (1 x 2) (2)

2.4.4 • Oceanic crust is that part of the Earth’s crust covers the ocean
basin. ✓✓
• The thickness of oceanic crust is about 5 to 10 km. ✓✓
• Continental crust covers the surface of the earth. ✓✓
• The continental crust is much thicker than oceanic crust. ✓✓
(Any 2 x 2) (4)

2.4.5 • Layer C is about 2 000 km thick ✓✓

• It is very dense but molten ✓✓
• Layer D is 1 200 km thick ✓✓
• It is extremely hot ✓✓
• It is made up of solid metallic ball ✓✓ (2 x 2) (4)

2.5.1 Tsunami is a wave of water produced when an earthquake

occurs under the ocean. (Concept)
Earthquake is a violent shaking of the earth’s crust caused by
movement along a fault. (Concept) (2 x 1) (2)

2.5.2 Sri Lanka

Indonesia (2 x 1) (2)

2.5.3 8 people (1 x 1) (1)

2.5.4 South Africa is far away from the epicentre (8000 km away)(1 x 2 =2)

2.5.5 • Survivors were left homeless as the houses were destroyed

• Crops were destroyed that resulted in food shortages
• Poor infrastructure as roads and bridges collapsed
• No health care facilities
• Businesses were affected as many survivors may have lost
their jobs. (Any 2 x 2) (4)

2.5.6 • Build specially strengthened buildings

• Educate people
• Having disaster supplies on hand
• Early warnings must be issued (Any 2 x 2) (4)

2.6.1 Plate tectonics is the theory of formation and motion of the

plates that make up the Earth’s crust (Concept) (1 x 1) (1)

2.6.2 continental drift (1 x 1) (1)

2.6.3 Africa (1 x 1) (1)

2.6.4 (a) Europe

North America (2 x 1) (2)

(b) South America

Africa
Antarctica
Asia (Any 3 x 1) (3)

2.6.5 Pangea (1 x 1) (1)

2.6.6 • Rocks of similar type

• The continents fit together like a jigsaw puzzle
• Fossils of similar reptiles were also found
• Fold mountain systems
• The Rift Valley
• Glaciers that covered large parts of the continents (3 x 2) (6)
[60]
SECTION B: MAPWORK

The following questions are based on the 1 : 50 000 topographical map

2629DB ERMELO as well as the orthophoto map 2629DB 5 ERMELO 3424 of
a part of the mapped area.

QUESTION 3

3.1.1 (a) 5 metres (1 x 1) (1)

(b) 5 times smaller (1 x 1) (1)

(c) spot height (1 x 2) (2)

3.1.2 Area = length (L) x breadth (B)

L= 4.2 cm x 0,5 km = 2.1km (2 km to 2.2 km) √

B= 3.8 cm x 0,5 km = 1.9 km (1.8km to 2km) √

Area = L x B = 2.1km x 1.9 km √

= 3.9 km2 √ (4 x 1) (4)

(Range 3.6 km2 to 4.4 km2)

3.1.3 Give the true bearing from the windpump in block

B1 to the reservoir in block B2 (1x2) (1 x 2) (2)
Northern Windpump: 80 ͦ to 82 ͦ √√
Southern Windpump: 22 ͦ to 24 ͦ √√

3.2.1 (a) W i n d p u m p (1 x 1) (1)

(b) Klein Driekwaterspruit (1 x 1) (1)

(c) Reservoir / windpump (1 x 1) (1)

3.2.2 (a) July (1 x 1) (1)

(b) October (1 x 2) (2)

- The landscape loses shape
3.2.3
- Low visibility to road users due to dust
- It leads to land degradation /desertification
- Top soil/fertile soil with nutrients is lost
- Land loses importance for cultivation
- Plant and animal species lost by clearing vegetation
- It facilitates soil erosion
(2 x 2) (4)
(Any TWO)

- Dam water can overspread causing flood into the

3.2.4
settlement
- They are located on a lower ground
- Mosquitos in summer cause malaria (disease)
-Unclean water especially in dry seasons cause cholera
(1 x 2) (2)
(Any ONE)
Geographical Information System
3.3.1
Oblique photograph
3.3.2
3.3.4
FEATURE NODE LINEAR POLYGON
Cultivated land x
Reservoir x
Main road x

(1 x 1) (1)
3.3.5 (a) Data layering
(b) - Computers allow for faster capturing, storing and
analysis of information.
- More information is can be stored and be kept for a
longer period.
- GIS makes access to information very easy without (1 x 2) (2)
distance barrier.
(Any ONE)
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