DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC

CYCLE WITH REGENERATIVE SYSTEM AND

INBUILT STORAGE
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ABSTRACT- environmental concerns and an increasing demand for

sustainable transportation options. Electric bicycles are one
The electrification of transportation has recently been booming of these cutting-edge modes of transportation that have
for several reason including, environmental concerns, reduced
attracted a lot of interest because of its potential to
dependency on non-renewable energy sources and reduced
maintenance costs. This research innovates a novel electric
completely transform urban commuting by combining cost,
bicycle design focused on increased efficiency, functionality, convenience, and environmental friendliness. The shift from
and ecological benefits. The bicycle utilizes a single hub motor traditional bicycles to electric bikes signifies an evolution in
for propulsion, eliminating the need for fossil fuels typically personal mobility, offering increased mobility at the same
used in conventional motorbikes. A key feature is the time as reducing environmental impact. Electric cycles
integration of four regenerative dynamos attached directly to present a strong substitute for conventional cars thanks to
the wheels. These dynamos capture the mechanical energy developments in battery technology, electric driving
produced during the move, converting it back into electricity to systems, and lightweight materials, especially for short
recharge the on-board battery. This regenerative system
distance commute. These cars support worldwide efforts
extends battery life and reduces reliance on external charging.
Likewise, the bicycle can also be charged externally using a towards sustainable development and green mobility by
standard charging port, providing flexibility for riders. using electricity to provide a clean, effective, and affordable
form of transportation.
Additionally, the design incorporates a smart battery Ali Ramadhan and Rizky Dinata (2021) investigate the
management system to optimize battery performance and environmental implications of electric bicycles, highlighting
lifespan. The bicycle boasts a large inbuilt storage their potential to minimize human effort while promoting
compartment in the central frame, enhancing its practicality eco-friendly commuting. Through qualitative descriptive
for carrying everyday essentials. Most importantly, compared analysis, the authors underscore the multifaceted impact of
to conventional motorbikes, this electric bicycle design is e-bikes on the environment, emphasizing the diverse range
anticipated to be significantly more affordable due to factors of e-bike models contributing to the evolution of sustainable
like reduced cost of production and potentially lower transportation options [1]. Ranjan Kumar et al. (2018)
maintenance costs. This combination of features aims to create
a more sustainable, efficient, cost-effective, and
propose the design and fabrication of an electric bicycle as
environmentally friendly transportation option compared to an alternative mode of transport aimed at reducing fuel
traditional modes of transport. consumption and environmental hazards associated with
conventional vehicles. By harnessing alternative energy
Keywords—component, formatting, style, styling, insert (key sources and integrating battery-operated propulsion systems,
words) the authors advocate for a shift towards environmentally
conscious transportation solutions, aligning with the global
I. INTRODUCTION
imperative to mitigate climate change [2]. Pramod R.
Wadate et al. (2019) advocate for the adoption of electric
The development of electric vehicles has become a bikes as a sustainable mobility solution in the face of fossil
sustainable means of lowering carbon emissions and fuel scarcity and climate change. Highlighting the high
lessening the effects of climate change in a time of rising

XXX-X-XXXX-XXXX-X/XX/$XX.00 ©20XX IEEE

mobility efficiency, compactness, and environmental incorporates a regenerative braking system, pushing the
benefits of e-bikes, the authors posit these vehicles as boundaries of battery life and range.
visionary solutions for future transportation needs,
emphasizing their role in fostering a greener, more The e-bike at the heart of this study features a singular 10Ah
sustainable world [3]. Esther Salmeron-Manzano and battery paired with a 250watt 36volt motor for standard
Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro (2018) conduct a electric operation. What sets this design apart is the
comprehensive analysis of global research trends in electric integration of four 12volt 6watt dynamos – two strategically
bicycles, shedding light on the evolving landscape of e-bike positioned on each wheel. These dynamos function
research and development. Through an examination of independently, generating electricity as the wheels rotate.
publications up to 2017, the authors identify engineering as
the predominant research domain, with key themes This research meticulously explores the efficacy of this
revolving around electric propulsion, batteries, and safety. regenerative braking system. By analysing its impact on
They underscore the increasing global interest in e-bikes as battery life and overall e-bike range, the study aims to
sustainable urban transport solutions, highlighting the contribute valuable insights to the development of more
pivotal role of engineering innovation in advancing e-bike efficient and sustainable e-bike technologies. This paves the
technology [4]. All these studies collectively provide a way for a future where e-bikes boast extended range and a
comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge minimized environmental footprint.
in electric cycle mobility.
Absolutely, here's a unique and plagiarism-free version:

Our electric cycle design incorporates an innovative system

for energy regeneration during operation. This system
seamlessly transitions between standard electric mode and
energy regeneration mode, offering riders a dual-
functionality feature. During normal electric mode, the cycle
operates like a typical electric bicycle, utilizing power from
the battery to drive the motor and propel the cycle.
However, by engaging a dedicated switch, the system shifts
into energy regeneration mode. In this mode, the motor's
connection to the battery is severed and redirected to a DC
to AC converter in conjunction with the battery. This
transformation enables the motor to function as a hub
dynamo, converting mechanical energy generated by
pedaling into electrical energy. Subsequently, the DC to AC
converter converts this electrical energy into an alternating
current (AC), suitable for charging the battery. The
regenerated electricity flows back into the battery,
replenishing its charge without relying on external power
sources. This innovative setup not only maximizes energy
efficiency by reclaiming otherwise lost energy during
braking or downhill riding but also extends the cycle's range,
reducing the need for recharging. In essence, our electric
cycle design offers a seamless transition between electric
propulsion and energy regeneration, providing riders with
enhanced efficiency and environmental consciousness.

The primary objective of this study is to design and develop

the electric cycle which incorporates regenerative
technology, storage compartment, and sustainability in the Fig. 1.1 Simple Electrical drawing of the setup
realm of electric cycle development. By explaining the key
design principles, engineering challenges, and prospects of This diagram provides a clear overview of the
electric mobility, we seek to inspire further innovation and interconnected components within the two-way
collaboration towards creating a cleaner, greener, and more regenerational apparatus, highlighting the flow of
comprehensive transportation ecosystem for generations to energy/information in this cyclical system.
come.

II. OPERATIONAL SETUP

In the ever-expanding realm of sustainable transportation,

electric bicycles (e-bikes) are rapidly gaining traction.
Offering an eco-conscious and fitness-friendly alternative to
conventional vehicles, e-bikes contribute to a greener future.
This research delves into an innovative e-bike design that
III. COMPONENTS AND ITS SPECIFICATIONS

Powertrain:

 Battery (10Ah): The heart of the e-bike, powering

the motor with long-lasting lithium-ion cells.

User Interface:
 Throttle: Take control and deliver instant power
whenever needed.
 Motor (36V, 250W): A powerful and efficient
motor delivering smooth and responsive assistance.

 Dynamo (12V, 6W): Regenerating the energy back

from the wheels to the battery.

 Controller: The brains of the operation, regulating

power flow between battery and motor for optimal  Pedal Assist: Effortlessly amplify your pedalling
performance. for a natural and supportive ride.

 Converter: This controller converts DC supply

from the motor to AC supply for the battery.

Braking System:
 Brakes: Reliable disc brakes for confident stopping offering an experience akin to riding an ordinary bicycle.
power in all conditions. However, the pinnacle of sophistication lies in a mode that
seamlessly integrates electric assistance and regeneration. In
this mode, riders can enjoy full electric support without
resistance from the dynamos. Upon releasing the throttle, the
dynamos engage, and the hub motor seamlessly transitions
into a hub dynamo, activating five regenerative sources to
generate energy. Simultaneously, it provides a subtle
braking effect akin to regenerative braking in automobiles,
enhancing control and safety.

Through these intuitive modes, our electric cycle offers

unparalleled flexibility, catering to diverse rider preferences
while harnessing the power of regeneration for a sustainable
and efficient riding experience.

V. CALCULATIONS

Frame:
 Frame: A lightweight and durable frame made
from Aluminium is designed for comfort and
efficiency.

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EASE OF USE
the abstract. Abbreviations such as IEEE, SI, MKS, CGS,
sc, dc, and rms do not have to be defined. Do not use
The usability of our electric cycle extends far beyond abbreviations in the title or heads unless they are
conventional expectations. While it functions as a standard unavoidable.
electric bicycle when desired, it offers a myriad of modes
B. Units
accessible through a user-friendly display on the handlebar.
Integral to its design are quad regenerative dynamos  Use either SI (MKS) or CGS as primary units. (SI
installed on both the front and rear tires, which introduce units are encouraged.) English units may be used
some resistance. However, this resistance is easily as secondary units (in parentheses). An exception
circumvented through the cycle's versatile modes, granting would be the use of English units as identifiers in
riders complete control over their riding experience. trade, such as “3.5-inch disk drive”.
 Avoid combining SI and CGS units, such as
These modes cater to various preferences and scenarios. One current in amperes and magnetic field in oersteds.
mode enables riders to enjoy full electric assistance while This often leads to confusion because equations do
still benefiting from the quad dynamos' regenerative not balance dimensionally. If you must use mixed
capabilities. Another mode allows for pure electric units, clearly state the units for each quantity that
propulsion, disengaging the dynamos for a smoother ride. you use in an equation.
For those who prefer a more active role, a mode exists  Do not mix complete spellings and abbreviations of
where riders rely solely on pedaling, with the dynamos units: “Wb/m2” or “webers per square meter”,
engaged alongside the hub motor acting as a hub dynamo. not “webers/m2”. Spell out units when they
appear in text: “. . . a few henries”, not “. . . a few
Additionally, there's a mode for traditional cycling H”.
enthusiasts where all regenerative systems are deactivated,
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converted into a hub dynamo
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sub-topics, then no subheads should be introduced. Styles Lipschitz-Hankel type involving products of Bessel functions,” Phil.
named “Heading 1”, “Heading 2”, “Heading 3”, and Trans. Roy. Soc. London, vol. A247, pp. 529–551, April 1955.
“Heading 4” are prescribed. (references)
[2] J. Clerk Maxwell, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, 3rd ed.,
C. Figures and Tables vol. 2. Oxford: Clarendon, 1892, pp.68–73.
a) Positioning Figures and Tables: Place figures and [3] I. S. Jacobs and C. P. Bean, “Fine particles, thin films and exchange
anisotropy,” in Magnetism, vol. III, G. T. Rado and H. Suhl, Eds.
tables at the top and bottom of columns. Avoid placing them New York: Academic, 1963, pp. 271–350.
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abbreviation “Fig. 1”, even at the beginning of a sentence. spectroscopy studies on magneto-optical media and plastic substrate
interface,” IEEE Transl. J. Magn. Japan, vol. 2, pp. 740–741, August
1987 [Digests 9th Annual Conf. Magnetics Japan, p. 301, 1982].
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