Scribd
Upload
34 views

MAT263

The document discusses vector spaces and provides two examples to check if sets satisfy the axioms of a vector space. Example 1 checks two axioms for a set of ordered pairs, finding it does not satisfy the axioms. Example 2 checks the same axioms for a set of polynomials, also finding it does not satisfy the axioms.

Uploaded by

2024194145
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
34 views

MAT263

The document discusses vector spaces and provides two examples to check if sets satisfy the axioms of a vector space. Example 1 checks two axioms for a set of ordered pairs, finding it does not satisfy the axioms. Example 2 checks the same axioms for a set of polynomials, also finding it does not satisfy the axioms.

Uploaded by

2024194145
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

MAT 423

LINEAR ALGEBRA

C H A P T E R 4 : V E C T O R S PA C E S
SUBTOPIC 2: VECTOR SPACES
FACULTY OF COMPUTER AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES
Real Vector Spaces

Let V be a set containing vectors u, v, w and m and n be scalars. V is called a vector


space if the following axioms (conditions) are satisfied by all vectors u, v, w in V.

1. If u, v ∈ V, then u + v ∈ V
2. u + v = v + u
3. u + (v + w) = (u + v) + w
4. There exists a zero vector, 0∈ V, then mu∈V
5. For each u∈V, there exists -u∈V, such that u + (-u) = (-u) + u = 0
6. If m is any scalar and u∈V, then mu∈V
7. m(u + v) =mu + mv
8. (m + n)u = mu + nu
9. m(nu) = (mn)u
10. 1.u = u

Examples of vector spaces are 𝑅2 , 𝑅3 , ⋯ , 𝑅𝑛 ,


𝑀23 , 𝑀23 , ⋯ , 𝑀𝑚𝑛 , and 𝑃1 , 𝑃2 , ⋯ , 𝑃𝑛 .
Example 1
Solution cont. :
Given that Check Axiom A
𝑎, 𝑏 + 𝑐, 𝑑 = 𝑎, 𝑏 LHS = 𝒖 + 𝒗
𝑚 𝑎, 𝑏 = (𝑚𝑎, 𝑚𝑏) = 𝑎, 𝑏 + 𝑐, 𝑑
= 𝑎, 𝑏
Determine whether the following RHS = 𝒗 + 𝒖
axioms are satisfied: = 𝑐, 𝑑 + 𝑎, 𝑏
Axiom A: 𝒖 + 𝒗 = 𝒗 + 𝒖 = (𝑐, 𝑑)
Axiom B: 𝑚 + 𝑛 𝒖 = 𝑚𝒖 + 𝑛𝒖 ≠LHS
∴Axiom A not satisfied
Check Axiom B
LHS = 𝑚 + 𝑛 𝒖 Operation of multiplication
Solution: = 𝑚 + 𝑛 𝑎, 𝑏
Let 𝒖 = (𝑎, 𝑏) = ( 𝑚 + 𝑛 𝑎, 𝑚 + 𝑛 𝑏)
𝒗 = 𝑐, 𝑑 RHS = 𝑚𝒖 + 𝑛𝒖 Operation of
𝑚 and 𝑛 are scalar = 𝑚 𝑎, 𝑏 + 𝑛 𝑎, 𝑏 multiplication
= 𝑚𝑎, 𝑚𝑏 + 𝑛𝑎, 𝑛𝑏
= 𝑚𝑎, 𝑚𝑏
≠LHS
∴Axiom B not satisfied
Example 2

Given that
𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 + 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎 + 𝑐 + 𝑏 + 2𝑑 𝑥 Check Axiom A
𝑘 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 = 𝑘𝑎 + 𝑘𝑏𝑥 LHS= 𝑝 + 𝑞 + 𝑟
= 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 + [ 𝑐 + 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑒 + 𝑓𝑥 ]
= 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 + 𝑒 + 𝑑 + 2𝑓 𝑥
Determine whether the following axioms are = 𝑎 + 𝑐 + 𝑒 + 𝑏 + 2 𝑑 + 2𝑓 𝑥
satisfied: = 𝑎 + 𝑐 + 𝑒 + 𝑏 + 2𝑑 + 4𝑓 𝑥
Axiom A : 𝑝 + 𝑞 + 𝑟 = 𝑝 + 𝑞 + 𝑟
Axiom B : 𝑘 + 𝑙 𝑝 = 𝑘𝑝 + 𝑙𝑝 RHS = 𝑝 + 𝑞 + 𝑟
where k and l are scalars = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 + 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑒 + 𝑓𝑥)
= 𝑎 + 𝑐 + 𝑏 + 2𝑑 𝑥 + 𝑒 + 𝑓𝑥
= 𝑎 + 𝑐 + 𝑒 + 𝑏 + 2𝑑 + 2𝑓 𝑥
≠ LHS
Solution: ∴Axiom A not satisfied
Let 𝑝 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥
𝑞 = 𝑐 + 𝑑𝑥 Check Axiom B
𝑟 = 𝑒 + 𝑓𝑥 LHS = 𝑘 + 𝑙 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥
k and 𝑙 are scalar = 𝑘 + 𝑙 𝑎 + 𝑘 + 𝑙 𝑏𝑥
RHS = 𝑘𝑝 + 𝑙𝑝
= 𝑘 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑙 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥
= 𝑘𝑎 + 𝑘𝑏𝑥 + 𝑙𝑎 + 𝑙𝑏𝑥
= 𝑘𝑎 + 𝑙𝑎 + 𝑘𝑏 + 2𝑙𝑏 𝑥
≠LHS
∴Axiom B not satisfied

You might also like