25/01/2024

 Anything to report?
 Make-up class cancelled
 Review
 Test (6:45 PM)

18/01/2024

 Anything to report?
 Reminder: We have a test next week.
 Live session with the lecturer today will start at 6:00 PM. So please work on the tasks below. If
you have questions, send a chat to Week 14 scheduled session.

 Assignment Topic: In your assignment group, discuss the topic you wish to research and then
write it down in the table below. You have 20 mins. The lecturer later will talk with your group.

Assignment Topic Group #1: The impacts of overpopulation.

Assignment Topic Group #2: The impacts and solutions of air pollution in Cambodia
=> Please rewrite your topic and try to narrow it down

Assignment Topic Group #3: Solid waste in Cambodia

=> What do you want to know about it? The use? The amount? The Effect?

Assignment Topic Group #4: The effectiveness of community-based approaches in wildlife

conservation

Assignment Topic Group #5: Inequality of wealth distribution

=> In Cambodia? Among whom? Inequality of wealth distribution among older adults in rural
areas and urban areas in Cambodia.

Assignment Topic Group #6: The impacts of technological revolution toward education in
Cambodia
=> In Cambodia? What kind of technological revolution are you refering to?
Chapter 3: Environmental Problems (Cont.)

 In your assignment group, answer the following questions and write them in the table below
under each question.

Assignment Group #1

4. List the causes and effects of deforestation.

Causes and Effects of Deforestation:
Causes:
- Logging for timber and wood products
- Expansion of agriculture, including cattle ranching and palm oil plantations
- Infrastructure development such as roads and urbanization
- Forest fires, often caused by human activities
Effects:
- Loss of biodiversity and habitat for numerous species
- Disruption of the water cycle and climate patterns
- Increased greenhouse gas emissions
- Soil erosion and degradation
- Desertification

5. List the causes and effects of air pollution.

Causes and Effects of Air Pollution:
Causes:
- Emissions from vehicles and industrial activities
- Burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas)
- Agricultural activities, including livestock and crop burning
- Household activities such as cooking and heating
Effects:
- Respiratory and cardiovascular health issues in humans
- Acid rain, leading to damage to soil and water bodies
- Global warming due to the presence of greenhouse gases
- Harm to wildlife and vegetation

6. List the causes and effects of global warming.

+ Causes:
- Releases of greenhouse gases, mostly methane and carbon dioxide
- Deforestation and adaptations to land use
- Emissions from transportation
+ Effects:
- An increase in heatwave regularity and rising temperatures
- Weather changing and the increase of extreme events
- Impact on ecosystems, biodiversity, and agriculture.
7. List the causes and effects of land pollution.
+ Causes:
- Improper waste from industry disposal and landfill
- Use of pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture
- Landfills and improper disposal of electronic waste
- Urbanization and construction activities.
+ Effects:
- Soil degradation and loss of fertility
- Contamination of groundwater and surface water
- Negative impacts on human heath through exposure to pollutants
- Distruption of ecosystems and loss of biodiversity.
8. List the causes and effects of water pollution.
+ Cause:
- Industrial discharges and wastewater
- Agricultural runoff containing pesticides and fertilizers
- Oil spills and leakage from oil rigs
- Improper disposal of household waste and chemicals
+ Effects:
- Contamination of drinking water sources
- Harm to aquatic ecosystems and marine life
- Spread of water bones diseases
- Disruption of fisheries and loss of biodiversity
9.What is light pollution? Explain.
+ Light pollution refers to excessive, misdirected, or obstructive artificial light that interferes
with the natural darkness of the nighht sky. It includes skyglow, glare, and light trespass. Light
pollution can disrupt ecosystems, affect human health, and hinder astronomical observation.
10. How do cultural values and attitudes contribute to environmental issues?
11. What is green energy? Briefly explain FOUR kinds of green energies.
.Green Energy refer to energy sources that have a lower environmental impact compared to
traditional fossil fuels. Four kinds of green energies include:
+Solar power: Harnessing energy from the sun using photovoltaic cells.
+ Wind power: Generating electricity from the kinetic energy of wind.
+Hydropower: Generating power from the movement of water in rivers or dams.
+Geothermal Energy: Utilizing heat from the Earth's interior for power generation.
12. What can individuals and government do to mitigate environmental problems?
+Individuals and government can take several actions to mitigate environmental
problems including:
. Promoting renewable energy sources
. Implementing and enforcing environmental regulations.
. Encouraging sustainable practices in agriculture and forestry.
. Educating and raising awareness about environmental issues.
. Supporting conservation efforts and reforestation.
. Adopting eco-friendly practices in daily life.

Assignment Group #2

4. List the causes and effects of deforestation.

Causes: expansion of agricultural land, human settlements, wood harvesting, and road
building.
Effects: lost wild species habitat, soil erosion and global warming.

5. List the causes and effects of air pollution.

Causes:
- Transportation vehicles, fuel combustion, industrial processes (such as burning coal
and processing mineral from mining), soil waste disposal
- Indoor air pollution causes from burning dung, wood, crop waste or coal on open fires
or stove without chimneys
Effects:
- Heart disease, lung cancer, emphysema, chronic bronchitis and asthma

- Resulting indoor smoke contains health damaging include small soot or dust particle
that are able to penetrate deep into lung.

6. List the causes and effects of global warming.

Cause:
- greenhouse gasses primary includes Carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide
accumulate in the atmosphere and act like the glass in the greenhouse, holding the
heat from the sun close to the earth
- Deforestation
- Industrial manufacturing
- Climate change

Effects:
- results in shift of plant and animal habitats and the increased risk of extinction of some
species
- Melting of ice and snow will increase sea level
- Decrease water availability and a reduction in crop yield
- Threat to biodiversity
-
- Impact on agriculture, water resources, and human health

7. List the causes and effects of land pollution.

Cause:

- nuclear waste, soil waste, urbanisation, pesticides, mining activities

Effects
- Deterioration of fields, soil pollution, Increased issues through contamination...

8. List the causes and effects of water pollution.

Causes:
- pesticides, acid rain, fertilizer run off from agricultural lands, oil spills, industrail wastes
and sewage.
- Improper waste disposal
- Oil spill
- Untreated sewage
- Erosion
- Sedimentation
- Volcanic activity
Effects:
- diseases, not just the aquatic life but humans as well through the drinking of polluted
water
- Eutrophication: promoting the growth of algae, the bacteria present in the water tend
to feed on these, thus causing oxygen in the water to decrease, and impacting the
aquatic life of the entire water body.
- Ecosystem: if the water system is unchecked in its polluted state, then the whole
ecosystem may collapse.

9. What is light pollution? Explain.

 Light pollution is excessive artificial light in the night environment. It makes it hard to
see stars, disrupts ecosystems, and can harm human health.

10. How do cultural values and attitudes contribute to environmental issues?

 Cultural values and attitudes impact the environment because they shape how people
use resources. For example, cultures that value consumerism tend to use more
resources, while those that emphasize sustainability are more likely to protect the
environment.

11. What is green energy? Briefly explain FOUR kinds of green energies.
 Green energy is renewable and less harmful to the environment. Examples include
solar energy from the sun, wind energy from wind turbines, Biofuel, carbon capture
and storage, hydropower from moving water, and geothermal energy from Earth's
heat.

12. What can individuals and government do to mitigate environmental problems?

 To help the environment, individuals can reduce waste, save water and energy, and
use public transport. Governments can enforce environmental laws, invest in
sustainable projects, and support green energy.

Assignment Group #3

4. List the causes and effects of deforestation.

Deforestation

Causes:

Agricultural Expansion

Logging for timber and paper products

Urbanization and infrastructure development

Mining activities

Effects:

Loss of biodiversity
Climate change acceleration

Soil erosion

Disruption of water cycles

5. List the causes and effects of air pollution.

Air Pollution

Causes:

Emissions from vehicles and industries

Burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas)

Agricultural activities (ammonia)

Natural events (volcanic eruptions, wildfires)

Effects:

Respiratory and heart health issues

Global warming

Acid rain

Degradation of the ozone layer

6. List the causes and effects of global warming.

Global Warming

Causes:

Greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, methane)

Deforestation

Industrial activities

Agriculture (especially livestock farming)

Effects:

Rising sea levels

Extreme weather events

Loss of habitat and species

Impact on agriculture and food security

7. List the causes and effects of land pollution.

Land Pollution

Causes:

Industrial waste

Improper waste disposal

Agricultural chemicals (pesticides, fertilizers)

Mining and deforestation

Effects:

Soil contamination

Loss of fertile land

Health hazards to humans and wildlife

Disruption of ecosystems

8. List the causes and effects of water pollution.

Water Pollution

Causes:

Industrial discharge

Sewage and wastewater

Agricultural runoff

Oil spills

Effects:

Harm to aquatic life

Drinking water contamination

Disruption of ecosystems

Spread of waterborne diseases

9. What is light pollution? Explain.
Light Pollution

Light pollution refers to the excessive, misdirected, or intrusive artificial light. It can be from
street lights, buildings, etc., that brighten the night skies, disrupting ecosystems and
obscuring the stars and planets in the night sky.

10. How do cultural values and attitudes contribute to environmental issues?

Cultural Values and Attitudes in Environmental Issues

Cultural values and attitudes shape how people interact with the environment, influencing
consumption patterns, waste generation, and responses to environmental policies. A culture
that prioritizes material wealth and consumption, for instance, may contribute more to
environmental degradation.

11. What is green energy? Briefly

explain FOUR kinds of green energies.
Green Energy

Green energy refers to energy sources that are environmentally friendly and produce little to
no greenhouse gases. Examples include:

Solar Energy: Harnessing energy from the sun's rays.

Wind Energy: Using wind turbines to generate electricity.

Hydroelectric Power: Generating power by using water flow.

Geothermal Energy: Utilizing heat from within the Earth.

12. What can individuals and government do to mitigate environmental problems?

12. Mitigating Environmental Problems

- Individual Actions:

. Reducing waste and recycling

. Using public transportation or carpooling

. Conserving energy and water at home

. Supporting green businesses

- Government Actions:

. Implementing and enforcing environmental regulations

. Investing in renewable energy sources

. Promoting public transportation and sustainable urban planning

. Funding environmental education and research initiatives

Assignment Group #4

4. List the causes and effects of deforestation.

5. List the causes and effects of air pollution.
6. List the causes and effects of global warming.
7. List the causes and effects of land pollution.
8. List the causes and effects of water pollution.
9. What is light pollution? Explain.
10. How do cultural values and attitudes contribute to environmental issues?
11. What is green energy? Briefly explain FOUR kinds of green energies.
12. What can individuals and government do to mitigate environmental problems?

Assignment Group #5

4. List the causes and effects of deforestation.

Cause:
- Infrastructure development: the construction of roads, dams, and other infrastructures often
leads to deforestation.
- The demand for new land, fuel, and raw materials, convert forestland to non forestland for
industry
- the expansion of agricultural land, human settlements, wood harvesting, and road building.
Effect:
- displaces people and wild species from their habitats. The loss of biodiversity can have ripple
effects throughout the ecosystem, disrupting food chains and the overall health of the
environment
- soil erosion caused by deforestation can cause severe flooding
- deforestation contributes to global warming and contributes to desertification
- land turns into desert, populations can no longer sustain a livelihood on the land, people start to
migrate to other places, contributing to social and political instability.
- Climate change: deforestation releases stored carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, contributing
to climate change. Moreover, removing forests can alter local and regional weather patterns,
affecting rainfall and temperature.
5. List the causes and effects of air pollution.
Cause:
- Transportation vehicles, fuel combustion, industrial processes, solid waste disposal
- Indoor air pollution such as burning wood and biomass for heating and cooking
- secondhand tobacco smoke; by-products of combustion (e.g., carbon monoxide) from stoves,
furnaces, fireplaces, heaters, and dryers; and other common household, personal, and
commercial products
- Air fresheners, deodorizers, and disinfectants emit the pesticide paradichlorobenzene
- use of certain chemicals, particularly chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), used in refrigerators, air
conditioners, spray cans, and other applications. T
Effect:
- heart disease, lung cancer, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, blindness and asthma
- indoor air pollution increases the risk of pneumonia, chronic respiratory disease, asthma,
cataracts, tuberculosis, and lung cancer.
- Destruction of the Ozone Layer increases in skin cancer and cataracts, weakened immune
systems, reduced crop yields, damage to ocean ecosystems and reduced fi shing yields, and
adverse effects on animal
- acid rain: Polluted rain, snow, and fog contaminate crops, forests, lakes, rivers, and deteriorates
the surfaces of buildings and statues
6. List the causes and effects of global warming.
Cause:
- Greenhouse Gas Emissions: the burning of fossil fuels for energy production,
transportation, and industrial processes releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
- Deforestation: the clearing of forests reduces the Earth's capacity to absorb CO2 through
photosynthesis, resulting in higher concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
- Land Use changes: converting forests into agricultural lands, urban areas, or other land
uses contributes to the release of CO2 and reduce the planet's ability to absorb
greenhouse gases
Effect:
 Rising temperatures: global warming leads to an increase in average global
temperatures, affecting weather patterns, ecosystems, and human health
 Rising sea level: it causes the melting of glaciers and polar ice caps, resulting in sea-
level rise. This poses risks to coastal areas, increases the frequency of coastal flooding,
and threatens low-lying islands and coastal communities.
 Loss of Biodiversity: climate change disrupts ecosystems, affecting the distribution and
behavior of plant and animal extinction and imbalances in ecosystems.
 Impact on human health: global warming contributes to heatwaves, worsens air quality,
increases the spread of vector-borne diseases, and affects food and water security,
thereby posing risks to human health and well-being.

7. List the causes and effects of land pollution.

Causes:
- Nuclear waste, resulting from both nuclear weapons production and nuclear reactors or power
plants.
- Solid waste includes discarded electrical appliances, and electronic equipment, known as “e-
waste.”
-Pesticides which are used worldwide for crops and gardens; outdoor mosquito control; the care
of lawns, parks, and golf courses.
- Urbanization
- Mining activities
Effects:
- Deterioration of fields, soil pollution, increased issues through contamination.
- Health risks
- Economic impact: land pollution can degrade the visual quality of landscapes, reducing the
aesthetic value of an area. It can also have economic consequences by affecting tourism,
property values, and livelihoods.
8. List the causes and effects of water pollution.
Causes:
- pesticides, vehicle exhaust, acid rain, oil spills, and industrial, military, agricultural waste, and
sewage.
- untreated sewage is dumped directly into rivers, lakes, and seas
Effects:
Diseases, not just aquatic life, but humans, through the drinking of polluted water.
- ecosystem: if the water system is unchecked in its polluted state, then the whole ecosystem of
such area may collapse.

9. What is light pollution? Explain.

Light pollution refers to artificial lightning that is annoying, unnecessary, and/or harmful to life
forms on earth. It also has adverse effects on the migration, feeding, and reproductive patterns of
many animal species.

10. How do cultural values and attitudes contribute to environmental issues?

Cultural values and attitudes contribute to environmental issues include individualism,
consumerism, and militarism.
Individualism, which is a characteristic of U.S. culture, puts individual interests over collective
welfare.
Consumerism- the belief that personal happiness depends on the purchasing of material
possessions also encourages individuals to continually purchase new items and throw away the
old ones.
Milatarism The cultural value of militarism also contributes to environmental degradation. The
American military is recognized as the primary source of pollution in the United States,
generating more toxic waste annually than the combined output of the five largest international
chemical companies. This pollution stems from military activities, including vehicles, weapons,
and munitions, affecting the air, land, and groundwater near military bases.

11. What is green energy? Briefly explain FOUR kinds of green energies.

Green energy, also known as clean energy, is energy that is renewable and nonpolluting and can
help alleviate environmental problems associated with fossil fuels. Green energy sources include
solar power, wind power, biofuel, and hydrogen.

Solar power involves converting sunlight to electricity through the use of photovoltaic calls.
Other forms of solar power include the use of solar thermal collectors, which capture the sun's
warmth to heat building space and water, and "concentrating solar power plants," which use the
sun's heat to make steam to turn electricity-producing turbines.

Wind power Wind turbines, which turn wind energy into electricity, are operating in 80
countries and produce more than 1.5 percent of world energy-up from 0.1 percent in 1997
(Sawin 2009). One disadvantage of wind power is that wind turbines have been known to result
in bird mortality. However, this problem has been mitigated in recent years through the use of
painted blades, slower rotational speeds, and careful placement of wind turbines.

Biofuel Biofuels are fuels made from crops, with ethanol being a common type produced from
corn or sugar. It's mixed with gasoline to create E85 for flexible fuel vehicles. However, a
limited number of cars can use E85, and some owners are unaware or lack access to E85
stations. Ethanol's demand for corn raises its price, affecting food prices globally and posing a
threat to the poorest populations. Ethanol production has environmental drawbacks, such as
increased use of fertilizers, pesticides, and deforestation for energy crops. Biodiesel, another
biofuel made from vegetable oils or animal fats, is a cleaner alternative to traditional diesel fuel.
Some people produce biodiesel using recycled cooking oil from restaurants.
Hydrogen power Hydrogen, the most plentiful element on earth, is a clean burning fuel that can
be used for electricity production, heating, cooling, and transportation. Many see a movement to
a hydrogen economy as a long-term solution to the environmental and political problems
associated with fossil fuels.

12. What can individuals and government do to mitigate environmental problems?

*Individuals:
- reducing the waste of water by drinking tap water instead of buying bottled water.
-slowing population growth
- green building: the building is constructed with either recycled or sustainably produced
nontoxic materials, bathroom, and other liquid wastes are purified onsite and used again to flush
toilets or to water outside vegetation, and power and heat are produced by solar and geothermal
power.
*Government:
- cap and trade programs are a free-market approach used to control pollution by providing
economic incentives to power plants and other industries for achieving reductions in the
emissions of pollutants.
-policies and regulations on energy: a few states have set goals of producing a minimum
percentage of electricity from wind power, solar power, or other renewable sources.
-taxes: some environmentalists propose that governments use taxes to discourage
environmentally damaging practices.

Assignment Group #6

4. List the causes and effects of deforestation.

- Cause:
+ Agricultural Expansion: To fulfill the ever-increasing demand for food supplies, forests are cleared to
create room for crop cultivation and rearing animals.
+ Logging: Wood-based industries like paper, matchsticks, and furniture require a substantial amount of
timber supply. The illegal logging trade also significantly contributes to deforestation.
+ Mining: Extraction of minerals and materials requires vast spaces, leading to massive deforestation.
+Forest Fires: Natural events such as forest fires can cause large-scale destruction of trees.
+ Climate Change: Altered weather patterns, drought and pests can cause forest dieback.
- Effects:
+ Loss of Biodiversity: Many species lose their habitat due to deforestation, leading to their extinction.
+ Disruption of Water Cycle: Trees play a crucial role in the water cycle. Deforestation can cause dryer
conditions and decrease the overall moisture in the air.
+ Soil Erosion: Tree roots bind the soil together. When trees are cut down, the soil becomes vulnerable
to erosion, which can also lead to landslides.
+ Health Problems: Deforestation can lead to issues like breathing problems and increase the spread of
infectious diseases by altering the natural habitats of vectors like mosquitoes.
5. List the causes and effects of air pollution.
- Causes:
+ Industrial Emissions: Factories and power plants release harmful pollutants such as sulfur dioxide,
carbon monoxide, and other particulates into the air.
+ Vehicle Emissions: Gasoline and diesel fuels used in vehicles release carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons,
and nitrogen oxides, contributing to outdoor air pollution.
+ Agriculture Processes: Gaseous emissions from agricultural biomass burning and the use of pesticides
and fertilizers release harmful substances like methane and ammonia.
- Effects:
+ Health Issues: Elevated levels of pollutants can cause respiratory problems, allergies, and diseases like
asthma and lung cancer.
+ Environmental Damage: Air pollution can harm wildlife, damage sensitive ecosystems like forests and
water bodies, and lead to loss of biodiversity.
+ Acid Rain: Rain becomes acidic when combined with pollutants like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen
oxides, damaging structures, soil, water systems, and living organisms.
+ Ozone Layer Depletion: Certain pollutants destroy the ozone layer, allowing more harmful ultraviolet
(UV) radiation to reach the Earth's surface.
6. List the causes and effects of global warming.
- Causes:
a. High Levels of Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Most of this comes from power plants, industries, and
vehicles that burn fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas.
b. Deforestation: The removal of trees means less carbon dioxide gets removed from the atmosphere.
c. Agriculture: This leads to the emission of methane and nitrous oxide, both greenhouse gases.
d. Rapid Industrialization: Factories and machines release a lot of heat and harmful gases which
contribute to global warming.
- Effects:
a. Rising Sea Levels: Increased temperatures cause the glaciers to melt, raising sea levels which can lead
to coastal flooding.
b. Changes in Weather Patterns: Global warming can result in more extreme weather events, like
hurricanes and droughts.
c. Health Impact: Higher temperatures can increase the spread of certain diseases like malaria and
dengue fever.
d. Loss of Biodiversity: Many species may not be able to survive changing climates and could become
extinct.
7. List the causes and effects of land pollution.
- Causes:
a. Waste Disposal: Improper disposal of household and industrial waste contributes significantly to land
pollution.
b. Agriculture Activities: Pesticides and fertilizers used in agriculture often contain harmful chemicals
that accumulate in the soil.
c. Mining Activities: These can cause deforestation, and the chemicals used can pollute the soil and the
groundwater.
d. Deforestation: Cutting down trees not only leads to soil erosion but can also cause imbalance in the
native ecosystem.
- Effects:
a. Soil Erosion: This can lead to loss of fertile land for agriculture.
b. Health Problems: Land pollution can contaminate food sources, leading to health issues like cancer,
birth defects, and various other illnesses.
c. Disruption of Ecosystem: The habitat of organisms can be destroyed, leading to loss of biodiversity.
d. Economic Impact: Cleaning polluted land is expensive, and polluted lands also mean fewer spaces
suitable for construction or farming.

8. List the causes and effects of water pollution.

- Causes:
- Industrial Discharges: Factories and industrial facilities often release pollutants such as heavy metals,
chemicals, and toxins directly into nearby water bodies.
- Agricultural Runoff: The use of fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides in agriculture can lead to runoff
when it rains, carrying these chemicals into rivers and lakes.
- Urban Runoff: Stormwater runoff from urban areas can carry pollutants like oil, heavy metals, and
debris into water bodies.
- Wastewater Disposal: Improper disposal of untreated or poorly treated sewage and wastewater from
households and industries.
- Oil Spills: Accidental or intentional release of oil into water bodies, often associated with
transportation, drilling, or industrial activities.
- Plastic Pollution: Improper disposal and accumulation of plastic waste in water bodies.
- Atmospheric Deposition: Airborne pollutants, including heavy metals and chemicals, can settle into
water bodies through rain or atmospheric processes.
- Effects:
- Harm to Aquatic Life: Pollutants can directly harm fish, plants, and other organisms, disrupting
ecosystems and reducing biodiversity.
- Health Risks for Humans: Contaminated water used for drinking or recreational activities can pose
serious health risks, causing waterborne diseases and other illnesses.
- Economic Impact: Water pollution can lead to economic losses due to damage to fisheries, tourism,
and the costs associated with water treatment and cleanup.
- Loss of Biodiversity: Pollution can lead to the decline or extinction of species in aquatic ecosystems,
affecting the overall biodiversity of a region.
- Disruption of Ecosystems: Changes in water quality and composition can disrupt the balance of
ecosystems, leading to cascading effects throughout the food web.
- Impact on Agriculture: Contaminated water used for irrigation can affect soil quality and crop health,
impacting agricultural productivity.
9. What is light pollution? Explain.
- Light pollution is excessive or misdirected artificial light produced by human activity, often at night,
that interferes with the natural darkness of the night sky. This kind of pollution has a number of negative
effects including obscuring the stars and other celestial bodies in the night sky, disrupting ecosystems
and wildlife, and wasting energy. Light pollution can come from sources like streetlights, building
exterior and interior lighting, advertising, commercial properties, offices, factories, streetlights, and
illuminated sporting venues. It is a global problem that is increasing as the world becomes more
urbanized. Reducing light pollution not only helps humans enjoy the beauty of the night sky, but also
brings benefits to wildlife, cuts energy waste, and supports human health and well-being.
10. How do cultural values and attitudes contribute to environmental issues?
- Cultural values and attitudes play a significant role in environmental issues. They help shape
behaviors, consumption patterns, attitudes towards nature, and responses to environmental policies.
+Attitude towards Nature: Some cultures hold the belief that humans dominate nature and can use
resources as they wish, often leading to over-exploitation and pollution. Alternatively, cultures that
believe in being one with nature, or that every element of nature has a spirit, may do more to protect the
environment.
+Decision Making: Cultures that value democratic processes may encourage participation in
environmental decision-making, possibly leading to more sustainable choices. Conversely, in societies
where power is concentrated, environmental concerns may be disregarded if they conflict with the
interests of those in power.
+Awareness and Education: In cultures where education is highly valued, there tends to be more
awareness about environmental issues, leading to more informed choices.
+Attitude towards Future: Cultures that emphasize long-term planning and future generations may be
more likely to conserve resources. However, cultures that focus more on the present may not see the
importance of addressing future-oriented problems like climate change.
11. What is green energy? Briefly explain FOUR kinds of green energies.
+ Green energy, also known as renewable energy, refers to energy derived from sources that are
environmentally sustainable and do not deplete natural resources. These sources of energy typically have
lower environmental impacts compared to conventional, non-renewable sources like fossil fuels. There
are 4 kinds of green energy such as:
- Solar Energy: Solar energy is derived from the sun's radiation. It can be harnessed using solar
photovoltaic (PV) cells, which convert sunlight directly into electricity, or solar thermal systems, which
use sunlight to generate heat for electricity production.
- Wind Energy: Wind energy is generated by harnessing the kinetic energy of the wind to turn turbines
connected to generators, producing electricity. Wind farms consist of multiple turbines situated in areas
with consistent wind patterns.
- Hydropower: Hydropower, or hydroelectric power, is generated by the movement of water. It involves
capturing the energy from flowing water (rivers or water released from dams) to turn turbines, which
generate electricity.
- Geothermal Energy: Geothermal energy is produced by harnessing the Earth's internal heat. This heat
can be accessed through wells or hot springs and is used to generate electricity or for direct heating
applications.
12. What can individuals and government do to mitigate environmental problems?
- Individuals and governments can contribute towards mitigating environmental problems in various
ways:
Individuals:
1 Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle: Cutting down on what we throw away can help reduce the pollution
levels. This also reduces the demand for raw materials so that more of the natural resources are
preserved.
2 Conserve Water: By fixing leaks, installing water-efficient devices and using water-saving appliances,
individuals can help preserve an important resource.
3 Plant Trees: Trees play a critical role in absorbing the greenhouse gases that fuel global warming.
4 Use Energy Efficient Appliances: Transitioning to energy-efficient appliances can reduce demand for
electricity thus reducing CO2 emissions.
5 Choose Sustainable: Support companies that operate sustainably and are environmentally-friendly.
Governments:
1 Enforce Regulations: Governments can set and enforce environmental regulations and standards that
limit pollution and waste production.
2 Invest in Renewable Energy: By investing in wind, solar, or hydro technology, governments can help
reduce reliance on fossil fuels.
3 Promote Green Transportation: Implementing policies and infrastructure that promote public
transportation, bike lanes, and pedestrian walkways can help reduce vehicular pollution.
4 Implement Education Programs: Governments can play a role in educating the public about the
environment and how individuals can help.
5 Develop Sustainable Urban Planning: Governments can develop urban spaces in ways that minimize
environmental impact.
Remember that the best way to tackle environmental issues is through collaboration and consistent
efforts from both individuals and government entities.

Chapter 4: Wildlife Conservation

 INSTRUCTION: In your assignment group, answer the following questions.

Assignment Group #1

1. Define the following terms: endangered species and wildlife conservation

2. It is said that scarce wildlife can be classified into THREE categories. What are they?
3. Briefly explain the causes of animal extinction and endangerment.
4. Why is wildlife conservation important after all? Describe the FOUR values.
5. How can we protect wildlife? Briefly describe some methods of wildlife conservation.
Assignment Group #2

1. Define the following terms: endangered species and wildlife conservation

2. It is said that scarce wildlife can be classified into THREE categories. What are they?
3. Briefly explain the causes of animal extinction and endangerment.
4. Why is wildlife conservation important after all? Describe the FOUR values.
5. How can we protect wildlife? Briefly describe some methods of wildlife conservation.

Assignment Group #3

1. Define the following terms: endangered species and wildlife conservation

2. It is said that scarce wildlife can be classified into THREE categories. What are they?
3. Briefly explain the causes of animal extinction and endangerment.
4. Why is wildlife conservation important after all? Describe the FOUR values.
5. How can we protect wildlife? Briefly describe some methods of wildlife conservation.

Assignment Group #4

1. Define the following terms: endangered species and wildlife conservation

2. It is said that scarce wildlife can be classified into THREE categories. What are they?
3. Briefly explain the causes of animal extinction and endangerment.
4. Why is wildlife conservation important after all? Describe the FOUR values.
5. How can we protect wildlife? Briefly describe some methods of wildlife conservation.

Assignment Group #5

1. Define the following terms: endangered species and wildlife conservation

2. It is said that scarce wildlife can be classified into THREE categories. What are they?
3. Briefly explain the causes of animal extinction and endangerment.
4. Why is wildlife conservation important after all? Describe the FOUR values.
5. How can we protect wildlife? Briefly describe some methods of wildlife conservation.

Assignment Group #6

1. Define the following terms: endangered species and wildlife conservation

2. It is said that scarce wildlife can be classified into THREE categories. What are they?
3. Briefly explain the causes of animal extinction and endangerment.
4. Why is wildlife conservation important after all? Describe the FOUR values.
5. How can we protect wildlife? Briefly describe some methods of wildlife conservation.
11/01/2024

Chapter 3: Environmental Problems

 Questions?
 G3’s video: Group 3 Environmental problems.mp4
o INSTRUCTION: In your breakout room, spend 15 minutes to answer and understand all
the key terms in your handout.
 Key Terms:
https://ruppedukh.sharepoint.com/:b:/s/DOE-2023-24E3.1/EXWltrSU7spEnyidAGHtawABh3OR
CRvJYR-L0ofl2UX5Vw?e=SFNr07

 Group Discussion
o INSTRUCTION: In your breakout room, spend 15 minutes to answer the assigned
questions in your handout.

 Questions
INSTRUCTION: In your breakout room, spend 25 minutes to answer the questions in your handout. You
can take a break after that. The breakout room will be close at 7:30 PM.

1. What TWO aspects of globalization have contributed to environmental problems? How?

 Permeability of international borders to pollution and environmental problems

 The growth of free trade and transnational corporations

2. Briefly summarize the THREE theoretical perspectives on environmental issues.

a. Conflict Theory
b. Structural Functionalist Perspective
i. i.It focuses on how changes in one aspect of the social system affect other aspects of
society.
ii. ii.As croplands become scarce or degraded, forests shrink, marine life dwindles =>
millions of people who make their living from these natural resources must find
alternatives livelihoods.
iii. iii.Latent dysfunctions => dam buildings => loss of wetlands, wildlife habitat, emission of
methane, alteration of river which kills plant and animal life, displace millions of people
from their homes.
iv. iv.Biofuel (corn + vegetable oil) => increases in global food price
c. Symbolic Interactionism
i. i.Focus on how meanings, labels, and definitions learned
through interaction and the media affect environmental
problems.
ii. ii.Greenwashing => portray as being environmentally
friendly or socially responsible yet hiding the tremendous
damage done to the environment
iii. iii.Many corporations make genuine and legitimate efforts
to improve their operations, packaging, and social
responsibility. E.g. McDonald’s
iv.

3. Choose the correct statements below complete the following table.

Energy Use

Depletion of Natural Resources

Air Pollution

Global Warming & Climate Change

Environmental Land Pollution

Problems

Chemicals, Carcinogens, & Health

Problems

Environmental Injustice

Threats to Biodiversity

Light Pollution

A. As many as 1 million people were exposed to water contaminated with trichloroethylene

(TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE).
B. As water passes through a dam into a river below, a turbine in the dam produces energy.
C. Collectively, environmental footprint exceeds the earth’s capacity by nearly a third.
D. Every year, about 13 million hectares of the world’s forests are cut down and converted t land
use.
E. Half of US children 1 year to 5 years old nationwide are estimated to have blood lead levels
that are linked to adverse effects on cognitive abilities.
F. Humans have used more of the earth’s natural resources since 1950.
G. If current greenhouse gas emissions trends continue, average global temperatures may rise
another 2°C by 2035.
H. Mining operations, located primarily in developing countries, are notoriously damaging to the
environment.
I. Most of the world’s energy—86 percent in 2006—comes from fossil fuels.
J. Nuclear power account for 5.9 percent of world energy production.
K. Nuclear waste contains radioactive plutonium, a substance linked to cancer and genetic
defects.
L. One species of life on earth goes extinct every three hours.
M. Overgrazing by cattle and other herd animals also contributes to desertification.
N. Polluted rain, snow, and fog contaminate crops, forests, lakes, and rivers.
O. Scientists say the Arctic Ocean in summer could be ice-free by 2030.
P. Solid waste also includes discarded electrical appliances and electronic equipment.
Q. Some research suggests that exposure to artificial light at night contributes to sleep disorders,
depression, and other mood disorders.
R. The ozone layer has been weakened by the use of certain chemicals, particularly
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).
S. These groups are often powerless to fight against government and corporate powers that
sustain environmentally damaging industries.
T. This is caused by transportation vehicles, fuel combustion, industrial processes, and solid
waste disposal.

4. List the causes and effects of deforestation.

5. List the causes and effects of air pollution.
6. List the causes and effects of global warming.
7. List the causes and effects of land pollution.
8. List the causes and effects of water pollution.
9. What is light pollution? Explain.
10. How do cultural values and attitudes contribute to environmental issues?
11. What is green energy? Briefly explain FOUR kinds of green energies.
12. What can individuals and government do to mitigate environmental problems?
13. Complete the diagrams below.
06/01/24

Chapter 2: Science and Technology (Cont.)

 Review
o What is science?
o What is technology?

 Finish all questions

INSTRUCTION: Spend 15 minutes in your breakout room to find and discuss the answer to the following
questions.
5. Summarize conflict perspective on science and technology.
 Science & Technology are motivated by profit and greed and benefit only a select few.
o Silicone breast
o AIDS
 When dominant group feels threatened, it may use technology as a means of social control.
o Internet in China
 Technology promotes patriarchy.
o E.g. Washing machine is handy but alienates women

6. Summarize symbolic interactionist perspective on science and technology.

 Science is important in discovering the truth and correcting previous assumptions

 Once society develops and attaches meaning to certain technological innovations, a product can
be considered either useful or useless.
o RU-486
o Clean meat
o Cloning
 Science and technology are also considered more of a man’s thing.

7. Briefly describe the gender inequality issue in technology.

 Science and technology are also considered more of a man’s thing.
 Men are considered more rational, mathematical, and scientifically minded than women
 Women don’t receive much employment opportunities in technology as men, so is the pay.
 In US, women 46% of workforce, yet 28% computer scientists

8. Briefly summarize the benefits and technological changes brought about by science and
technology.
a. Make life easier
b. Workplace
c. Communication
d. The Internet
e. Medical Treatment
f. Entertainment
g. Social Media
h. E-commerce
i. Innovation in Transportation

 Technology & the Workplace

o Biometrics for scanning and controlling employees
o Record and assess employee’s performance
o Telecommuting
o Telepresencing
o Robotic technology
 Computer Revolution
o Development of silicon chip led to computerized electronic devices such as laptop
computers, cellular phones, digital cameras, portable DVDs, etc.
o Increase in computer use around the globe + computer education
o Computer as a profitable business
 ICT and the Internet
o Photography & telegraphy (1830s), rotary power printing (1840), typewriter (1860),
transatlantic cable (1866), telephone (1876), motion pictures (1894), wireless
telegraphy(1895), magnetic tape recording(1899), radio (1906), and television (1923)
o Internet => dial-up => DSL => broadband => Wireless
o The Internet has changed the way we communicate and interact.
o With Web 2.0, any kind of sites can exist such as Youtube, myspace, etc.
o E-commerce
o Health and Digital Medicine
o Search for Knowledge and Information
o Games and Entertainment
o Politics and E-government
o Social Networking and Blogging
 Science and Biotechnology
o Genetics (genetic screening, gene therapy)
o Food and Biotechnology (genetic engineering, genetically modified food)
o Support the globe
o Healthy and nutrious
o Reproductive Technologies
o In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
o Cloning
9. Briefly summarize the consequences of science and technology.
• Social relationships, networking, interaction
• People become more isolated
• Loss of Privacy and Security
• Social Media
• Easily hackable and attackable (TVFB)
• Surveillance by the government
• Unemployment, Immigration, and Outsourcing
• Robots replaced human
• Outsourcing also causes unemployment
• Digital Divide
• Technology is something of the rich elite while displacing the unskilled poor
• Net Neutrality
• Mental / Physical Health
• Nuclear power plants, pesticide DDT, automobiles, X-rays, food coloring, breast
implants, …
• Malicious Use of the Internet
• Internet piracy
• Malware
• Cyberbullying
• The Challenges to Traditional Values and Beliefs
• In vitro fertilization => W + W => Children
• Cloning

10. What will the future be like? And how can we keep technology under control?

Chapter 3: Environmental Problems

 Documentary Homework Check

 G3’s video: Group 3 Environmental problems.mp4
o INSTRUCTION: In your breakout room, spend 15 minutes to answer and understand all
the key terms in your handout.
 Key Terms:
https://ruppedukh.sharepoint.com/:b:/s/DOE-2023-24E3.1/EXWltrSU7spEnyidAGHtawABh3OR
CRvJYR-L0ofl2UX5Vw?e=SFNr07

 Group Discussion
o INSTRUCTION: In your breakout room, spend 15 minutes to answer the assigned
questions in your handout.

 Questions

14. What TWO aspects of globalization have contributed to environmental problems? How?
15. Briefly summarize the THREE theoretical perspectives on environmental issues.
16. Choose the correct statements below complete the following table.

Energy Use

Depletion of Natural Resources

Air Pollution

Global Warming & Climate Change

Environmental Land Pollution

Problems
Water Pollution

Chemicals, Carcinogens, & Health

Problems

Environmental Injustice

Threats to Biodiversity

Light Pollution

U. As many as 1 million people were exposed to water contaminated with trichloroethylene

(TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE).
V. As water passes through a dam into a river below, a turbine in the dam produces energy.
W. Collectively, environmental footprint exceeds the earth’s capacity by nearly a third.
X. Every year, about 13 million hectares of the world’s forests are cut down and converted t land
use.
Y. Half of US children 1 year to 5 years old nationwide are estimated to have blood lead levels
that are linked to adverse effects on cognitive abilities.
Z. Humans have used more of the earth’s natural resources since 1950.
AA. If current greenhouse gas emissions trends continue, average global temperatures may
rise another 2°C by 2035.
BB.Mining operations, located primarily in developing countries, are notoriously damaging to the
environment.
CC.Most of the world’s energy—86 percent in 2006—comes from fossil fuels.
DD. Nuclear power account for 5.9 percent of world energy production.
EE. Nuclear waste contains radioactive plutonium, a substance linked to cancer and genetic
defects.
FF. One species of life on earth goes extinct every three hours.
GG. Overgrazing by cattle and other herd animals also contributes to desertification.
HH. Polluted rain, snow, and fog contaminate crops, forests, lakes, and rivers.
II. Scientists say the Arctic Ocean in summer could be ice-free by 2030.
JJ. Solid waste also includes discarded electrical appliances and electronic equipment.
KK. Some research suggests that exposure to artificial light at night contributes to sleep
disorders, depression, and other mood disorders.
LL. The ozone layer has been weakened by the use of certain chemicals, particularly
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).
MM. These groups are often powerless to fight against government and corporate powers that
sustain environmentally damaging industries.
NN. This is caused by transportation vehicles, fuel combustion, industrial processes, and solid
waste disposal.

17. List the causes and effects of deforestation.

18. List the causes and effects of air pollution.
19. List the causes and effects of global warming.
20. List the causes and effects of land pollution.
21. List the causes and effects of water pollution.
22. What is light pollution? Explain.
23. How do cultural values and attitudes contribute to environmental issues?
24. What is green energy? Briefly explain FOUR kinds of green energies.
25. What can individuals and government do to mitigate environmental problems?
26. Complete the diagrams below.
04/01/24

Chapter 2: Science and Technology (Cont.)

 Reminder of Saturday Make-up Class 2:00 – 5:00 PM

 Assignment, no video presentation, but still paper required
 Progress Test
 Homework Check
 Review
 Finish all questions

1. Explain the differences between science and technology. Raise some examples for each term.

Science (from Latin scientia=knowledge) is a system of acquiring knowledge based on scientific method,
as well as the organized body of knowledge gained through research. Science attempts to discover the
truth.
https://www.statista.com/statistics/695530/cambodia-female-to-male-ratio-in-tertiary-education/

E.g. Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Medical Science

Technology (from Greek technologia=craft) is the usage or practical application of knowledge of science.

E.g. 5G Communication Technology, Nanotechnology, X-Ray

Source: https://www.diffen.com/difference/Science_vs_Technology

2. Is it good the more people have access to the Internet? List the pros and cons of the use of
Internet.
 Depend on how people use it.

Pros

 A source of information that is up-to-date

 Allows us to research on information needed and complete many school tasks
 Entertainment
 Health information
 E-commerce
 Online Education
 Communication
 Keep us updated
 E-Commerce
 Ease communication locally and globally
 Entertainment
 Access to information, especially for study purposes
 Source of information and knowledge
 Open up to new world & culture
 New way of life
 Online shopping
 Online payment
 Online study


Cons

 Cybersecurity and privacy

 Social Isolation
 Fake News
 Cyberbullying
 Cyberbullying
 Cybercrime
 Deepfake / False identity, AI
 Social isolation due to everything on the Internet
 Loss of privacy (including defamation)
 Security
 Over dependency on technology
 Addiction & Disruption

3. Describe FIVE factors that have led to the decline of U.S. supremacy in science and technology.
 Government scaled back in response to fiscal deficits
 Corporations focus on short-term products and higher profits
 Developing countries are expanding their scientific and technological capabilities at a faster rate
 A drop in science and math education in U.S. schools
 Disconnect between American people and science
4. Summarize structural-functionalist perspective on science and technology.
 Science helps society explore objective truths & provide basis for intelligent and rational
decisions

Objective Truth សត្យានុម័ត

Subjective Truth អត្តនោម័ត

 When science and technology change faster than nonmaterial culture => Cultural Lag

 Technological innovations may also be dysfunctional for society

o E.g. Automation increases productivity => displaces workers
o Defective technology can also have disastrous effects on society

5. Summarize conflict perspective on science and technology.

6. Summarize symbolic interactionist perspective on science and technology.
7. Briefly describe the gender inequality issue in technology.
8. Briefly summarize the benefits and technological changes brought about by science and
technology.
9. Briefly summarize the consequences of science and technology.
10. What will the future be like? And how can we keep technology under control?

Chapter 3: Environmental Problems

 Quiz
 Key Terms
 Questions
 Group 3 Video?
28/12/23

 Homework Check
 Review
 Key Terms from #16

17. Membership Communities

http://englishtips.org/
18. Genetic Screening
19. Gene Therapy
20. Genetic Engineering vs Organic Ones

With a person sitting next to you, please watch these two clips and tell me what you understand:
Video1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KCNgtZYZn6g
Video2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PwIWs-g7KiI

21. In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

22. Abortion
23. Partial Birth Abortion / Intact Dilation & Extraction Abortion
24. Therapeutic Cloning/Regenerative Cloning
25. Stem Cells
26. Genetic Information Non-discrimination Act of 2008
27. Outsource
28. Net Neutrality
29. Technology-induced Diseases
30. Internet Piracy
31. Malware
32. Cyberbullying
33. Future Shock
34. Genetic Exception Laws
35. Gene Monopoly
36. Technological Dualism
37. Pro-choice
38. Pro-life

Take a break and come back at 7:30 PM.

 Quiz
 Discussion Questions

11. Explain the differences between science and technology. Raise some examples for each term.
Science (from Latin scientia=knowledge) is a system of acquiring knowledge based on scientific method,
as well as the organized body of knowledge gained through research. Science attempts to discover the
truth.

E.g. Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Medical Science

Technology (from Greek technologia=craft) is the usage or pratical application of knowledge of science.

E.g. 5G Communication Technology, Nanotechnology, X-Ray

Source: https://www.diffen.com/difference/Science_vs_Technology
12. Is it good the more people have access to the Internet? List the pros and cons of the use of
Internet.
13. Describe FIVE factors that have led to the decline of U.S. supremacy in science and technology.
14. Summarize structural-functionalist perspective on science and technology.
15. Summarize conflict perspective on science and technology.
16. Summarize symbolic interactionist perspective on science and technology.
17. Briefly describe the gender inequality issue in technology.
18. Briefly summarize the benefits and technological changes brought about by science and
technology.
19. Briefly summarize the consequences of science and technology.
20. What will the future be like? And how can we keep technology under control?
21/12/23

 Make-up class: Jan 06, 2024 2:00 PM to 5:00 PM

 Blended Learning: Synchronous vs Asynchronous class
 Group 3 and 4 already finished their videos
 Homework #5
 Homework #6
 Homework #7

Chapter 2: Science and Technology

 Quiz next week.
 DeepFake?
o What is Deepfake?
o What are some bad impacts with Deepfake?
o What could be the good applications of Deepfake?
o How should you protect yourself online with all these technologies?
 Key Terms (handout of Chapter 2)
 INSTRUCTION: In your breakout room, work on the key term for each definition. Also try to
discuss and explain each term. You have 15 minutes. Then you may take your own break. The
breakout room will be closed at 7:35 PM>

 I, Robot (2004): https://youtu.be/7Dlo-VB0-HI?si=mUsYWAajVX6FUS_z

 Video realted to Telepresencing: https://youtu.be/J1oEWiUsKgU?si=JnvRzPMWwv6m41Ec
 GMO: https://youtu.be/KCNgtZYZn6g?si=X4qcJ8N8ZZX95ph4
 Why Chicken is Worthless: https://youtu.be/PwIWs-g7KiI?si=RtoEZXQtKj1JIR3G
14/12/2023

 Watch this video on The Dark Side of Deep Fakes and the answer the following questions:
1. What is Deepfake?
2. What are some bad impacts with Deepfake?
3. What could be the good applications of Deepfake?
4. How should you protect yourself online with all these technologies?

 Check homework #4

 Finish the questions in the handout

8. Briefly summarize the THREE perspectives on population growth.

 Conflict Theory
 Too many people in society will likely compete with each other for the limited
resources.
 Subordinate position of women leads to population growth => a change in this
position leads to population decline
 In search of power and wealth => capitalism => urbanization in LDCs
o Functionalism
 As a society becomes industrialized and urbanized, improved sanitation,
health, and education lead to a decline in mortality. => declining economic
value of children => decline in fertility rates
 Greater educational and job opportunities for women, effective contraception,
and individualism and materialism => decline in fertility rates
 Urbanization => anomie/normlessness
o Symbolic Interactionism
 Religions promote pronatalism
 Religions prohibit birth control, contraceptives, and abortion

Let's have a break for 30 mins, but you will also need to read the text from pp. 446 to 448. Then I
will check whether you can answer the questions correctly.

9. Suggest effective solutions to address problems on population growth, population decline, and
urbanization.

 Population decline
o Government provides financial support for any couples with children.
o Policies that ease employment for women with children.
o Immigration
 Population Growth
o Provide access to contraceptives
o One-child policy
o Improved Women Status (Feminism)
o Involvement of Men in Family Planning
o Increase economic development and improve health

 Urbanization
o Encourage program to establish business/enterprise to create employment
o Improve infrastructure
o Brownfield redevelopment
o Gentrification and incumbent upgrading
o Community Development Corporations
o De-urbanization

Chapter 2: Science and Technology

 Discussion on DeepFake
 Watch G2 Book Chapter Presentation Video
 Discuss on the handout of Chapter 2
 INSTRUCTION: In your assignment group, work on the key term for each definition. Also try to
discuss and explain each term. You have 10 minutes.
 Key Terms
30/11/23

 How was your holiday?

 Did G1 finish their video?
 Did G2 finish their video?
 With a person sitting next to you, please take this time watching G1 video presentation:
 GS G1 Video.mp4

Chapter 1: Population Growth and Urbanization

 Check the answers from the handout

1. Why do people flock to the city?

a. Better standard of living
b. Better education/higher education (more universities in the city)
c. More job opportunities (larger economy)
d. Better healthcare systems
e. Modern lifestyles (entertainment outlets, pubs, clubs)

2. It is said that most of the world’s population, with high fertility rates, live in the less
developed countries. Why?
a. Lack of Preventive Measures / Contraceptives
b. Lack of Education
c. Lack of Healthcare Services
d. Economic reason: Dependence on children
e. Cultural Social Factor (Pronatalism/Traditional Culture) vs Individualism

Developing Countries = ប្ទេសកំពុងអភិវឌ្ឍន៍

Developed Countries = ប្ទេសអភិវឌ្ឍន៍

3. What factors contribute to population growth?

a. Agricultural Revolution => Surplus food supply
b. Industrial Revolution => Better living conditions
c. Increase in immigration
d. Advanced medical technology => healthier life => longer life expectancy + less
mortality rate
e. High fertility rate
f. Cultural social factor (Traditional Culture)
g. Incentives from the government

4. What factors lead to population decline?

a. War
b. Diseases (pandemic)
c. Natural disasters (tsunami, hurricane, flood, etc.)
d. Contraceptives
e. Feminism
f. Individualism
g. Education (vasectomy)
h. Urbanization (anomie, demographic transition theory)
i. Immigration
j. Low fertility (Infertility/Health)

5. What social problems exist when population growth increases too high?
a. Housing shortages => slums
b. Unemployment & Poverty
c. Social Unrest and Insecurity
d. Transportation and Traffic Problems
e. Sanitation
f. Environmental pollutions
g. Loss of natural/wildlife spaces

6. Why are there now more elderly population than ever before? What challenges does this
bring to society?
7. How did urbanization begin in the United States?
8. Briefly summarize the THREE perspectives on population growth.
9. Suggest effective solutions to address problems on population growth, population decline,
and urbanization.

Chapter 2: Science and Technology

 Watch this video on

 Answer the following questions
1. What is Deepfake?
2. What are some bad impacts with Deepfake?
3. What could be the good applications of Deepfake?
4. How should you protect yourself online with all these technologies?
23/11/23

 Review
 Homework #3?
 Watch a video: https://youtu.be/gmehUgOy5ok?si=by XHHGMdlM0rXQEN
 INSTRUCTION: In your breakout rooms, watch the video above and answer the questions below.
1. What is the current population of China? 1.4 Billion
2. What happened in the 1950s that had caused population decline? How many people died?
Famine, political turmoil, civil war. It had caused 30 million people to die.
3. What were the 2 policies that the government implemented to reduce population?
Later, longer, fewer
One child policy
4. When did those policies end? 2016
5. Why is China still a middle-income country? China is still considered a middle-income
country because, despite becoming a major world economy nearly overnight, many,
especially in rural areas, haven't benefited much from China's economic boom, and the
country has yet to develop the necessary safety nets to support its aging population.

6. Why don’t Chinese couples want children?

More than 50% of young people don't want more than one child because of financial and work pressures.
The cost of living keeps rising, and having multiple children can be even harder, especially considering
the unique 4-2-1 family structure resulting from the one-child policy.
7. What did the government do to solve that problem?
The government has tried offering cash subsidies for additional births, longer maternal leaves, subsidies
for kindergarten, and various forms of monetary support to encourage having more children.
8. What does China’s population diagram look like compared to Kenya and the Philippines?
China's population pyramid shows a narrow bottom, indicating fewer babies, and a heavy top, indicating a
larger number of elderly people. In contrast, Kenya's population pyramid is wide at the bottom,
representing many young people, and narrow at the top, indicative of rapid population growth. The
Philippines' pyramid is still triangular, showing slower growth, but the difference between the top and
bottom is less pronounced compared to China.

 Review previous discussion

 Go back to your breakout room, and complete the handout.
16/11/23

 Review
 Homework
o Have you watched it?
o Do you now understand what “capitalism” is?
 Explanation of Functionalism and Symbolic Interactionism
 Continue explanation of Structural Functionalism + Symbolic Interactionism
o Roles/Functions
o Comparison to the body
o Family
 Symbolic Interactionism
o Religion
o Titles/positions in the government
o Numbers 4, 13, 14, …

Chapter 1: Population Growth and Urbanization

INSTRUCTION: In your breakout rooms, discuss the following questions and write the answers into the
table. You have at least 20 minutes.
Warm up questions
1. What do you think is happening to the world’s population? Is it growing or shrinking?
2. What are the pros and cons of married and single lives?
3. What are some issues when the population is growing or shrinking?
4. Find out the current population and land size of Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam, Singapore,
Japan, USA, and France.

Write your answers below.

G1 1. Population in the world is growing at a rate of around 0.88% per year in 2023 (down
from 0.98% in 2020, and 1.06% in 2019). The current population increase is estimated
at around 70 million people per year.
2. Pros of single life:
- Autonomy and Freedom: Being single can provide more opportunities for personal
growth and self-discovery. It allows individuals to focus on their personal goals, career
development, and other aspirations.
- Financial Independence: Single individuals have control over their finances and can
manage their money according to their priorities and needs without the need to
coordinate with a partner.
- Social and Network Expansion: Single life can offer more time and flexibility to
cultivate a wide range of friendships and social connections, leading to a diverse and
robust social network.
- Less Stress and Compromise: Singles may experience less stress related to relationship
conflicts and the need for compromise that often come with partnerships.
• Cons of Living Single:
- Loneliness and Social Pressure: Singles might experience feelings of loneliness,
- especially in cultures where marriage and partnerships are highly valued. Social
pressure to settle down can be a source of stress.
- Financial Challenges: While singles have control over their finances, they also bear the
full burden of expenses without the potential financial benefits of shared costs that
come with a partnership.
- Lack of Support System: In times of need, singles might lack the immediate support
system that a partner can provide, whether it’s emotional, physical, or financial support.
- Family and Societal Expectations: Single individuals often face societal and family
expectations or stigma regarding their single status, which can be mentally and
emotionally taxing.
•Married Life:
Pros:
- Companionship: Having a life partner provides companionship and emotional support.
- Shared Responsibilities: as in married life, marriage often involves sharing
responsibilities, such as financial burdens, household chores, and childcare.
- Social Stability: Married couples may experience greater social stability and support
from their extended families and communities.
Cons:
- Loss of Independence: Marriage may require compromises and can lead to a loss of
some individual freedoms and independence.
- Financial Strain: Shared finances can lead to conflicts and financial strain if not
managed effectively.
- Conflict: Disagreements and conflicts are inevitable in any relationship and can be more
challenging to navigate in a marriage.
- Divorce Stress: The process of divorce can be emotionally and financially draining.
3. Some issues of growing the population:
-Overcrowding: Rapid population growth leads to overcrowding, putting pressure on public
facilities like hospitals, schools, and housing.
- Food shortage: Increased demand can strain agricultural resources and result in food
shortages.
- Environmental degradation: Overpopulation can lead to increased waste production, pollution,
and habitat destruction.
-Unemployment: An increasing population can exacerbate unemployment rates if job creation is
not sufficient.
- Strains public services and infrastructure: Rapid population increase can lead to strain on
public services and infrastructure like water, power, and transport systems.
- Immigration issues: Rising populations may cause pressure for more working opportunities,
resulting in immigration issues.
- Increased demand on healthcare systems: A larger population means more demand for
healthcare services and can result in overburdened health systems and inadequate care for many
people.
- Poverty: With more people to divide resources amongst, overpopulation often leads to
increased levels of poverty.
4. Population and land size of:
Cambodia
- Population: 16,944, 826
- Land size: 181,035 Km2
Thailand
- Population: 69.8M
- Land size: 513,120
Vietnam
- Population: 98.2M
- Land size: 331,212
Singapore
- Population: 5.5M
- Land size: 710
Japan
- Population: 125.8M
- Land size: 377,973
USA
- Population: 332.9M
- Land size: 9,833, 517
France:
- Population: 65.4M
- Land size: 551,695
G2 1. The world population is growing every year.
2. The pros and cons of married life:
Ø Pros: relationship legitimacy, legal benefit, emotional support, share responsibilities,
continue descendants
Ø Cons: high divorce rate, marriage dissatisfaction, financial strain.
The pros and cons of single life:
Ø Pros: freedom, more connected, less stress
Ø Cons: no emotional support, no shared responsibilities, no legal benefit

3. The impact of population growth or decline:

Ø Population growth: strain on resource, urbanization, social and economic issues,
lacking foods, shelters, forests, animals, rising of vehicles, rising of product
manufacturing, global warming
Ø Population decline: ageing population, cultural and ethnic shift, social and economic
issues

4. The current population and size of:

Cambodia
Population: 16.59 million
Land area: 181,035 square kilometers

Thailand
Population: 71.6 million
Land area: 513,120 square kilometers

Vietnam
Population: 97.47 million
Land area: 331,210 square kilometers

Singapore:
Population: Approximately 5.7 million
Land Area: About 725.7 square kilometers

Japan:
Population: Approximately 126 million
Land Area: Around 377,975 square kilometers

USA:
Population: Approximately 331 million
Land Area: About 9.8 million square kilometers

France:
Population: Approximately 67 million
Land Area: Around 551,695 square kilometers

G3 1.The number of world’s population rises continuously, but at a slower rate compared to
previous decades. The population growth rate is changing and slowing down that is believed
will top out sometime in the 2080s at about 10.4 billion.
2. Married life:
Advantages: Couples may experience increased closeness, companionship, and social
support. In addition, they might enjoy certain financial, legal, and health benefits like split
costs, reduced taxes, and a decreased chance of contracting specific illnesses.
Cons: Couples may have to deal with more stress, disagreement, and compromise.
They might also give up on some independence, self-improvement, and autonomy. They might
grow more reliant on their spouse and more cut off from their friends and family.
Single life:
Pros: Those who are single might have more opportunities to follow their hobbies,
passions, and professional objectives. They might also have greater independence, self-
sufficiency, and personal growth. They might still have closer relationships with their parents,
siblings, friends, neighbors, and coworkers and make more of an effort to give back to their
communities.
Cons: Those who are single may experience increased discrimination, feeling, and
loneliness. In addition, they might forfeit certain financial, emotional, and physical advantages
that come with marriage, like reduced health risks, companionship, and shared income.
3. When the population is growing, it can lead to overcrowding, resources depletion, pollution,
increased crime rates, and unemployment rates. On the other hand, when the population is
shrinking, it can lead to labor shortage, aging population, economic decline, and decreased
innovations.
4. Cambodia:
 Population: approximately 16.7 million people.
 Land Size: 181,035 km2.
Thailand:
 Population: Between 69,251,318 and 71,832,059 people
 Land Size: 513,120 km2.
Vietnam:
 Population: approximately 99,096,179 to over 100 million people.
 Land Size: 331,230 km2.
Singapore:
 Population: Around 6,014,723 people.
 Land Size: 734.3 km2.
Japan:
 Population: 126,168,156 people.
 Land Size: 377,915 km2 .
United States of America (USA):
 Population: Between 329,256,465 and 340,652,233 people.
 Land Size: 9,147,420 km2.
France:
 Population: 64,802,863 people.
 Land Size: 551,695 km2.

G4 1. The world’s population is growing right now.

2. - The advantages of single lives are: fewer responsibilities, freedom, they won’t have to
spend extra energy to their love relationship.
- The disadvantages of single lives are loneliness, not having partner to share thoughts.
- Pros of married lives:
- Emotional and social support: Marriage can provide emotional support and companionship,
and a sense of belonging.
- Financial benefits: Joint finances and shared expenses can provide stability and security.
- Potential for raising a family: Marriage can provide a stable environment for raising children.
- Cons of married life:
- Loss of personal freedom: Being in a committed relationship often requires compromise and
may involve sacrificing some individual freedoms.
- Relationship challenges: Marriage can come with its own set of challenges, such as conflicts,
disagreements, and the need for effective communication.
- Divorce and separation: Marriages can end in divorce or separation, which can be
emotionally and financially difficult.

3 . Issues when the population is growing or shrinking:

Growing population:
- Strain on resources: A rapidly growing population can put pressure on resources such as food, water, energy, and
housing.

Shrinking population:
- Economic challenges: A shrinking population can result in a reduced labor force, leading to a decline in
productivity and economic growth.

4. Cambodia,
- Population: 16,944,826 people
- Land size: 181 035km2
- D: 93.59/km2
Thailand,
- Population: 71.75million
- Land size: 513,120km2
- D: 138.36/km2
-
Vietnam,
- Population: 98,858,950
- Land size: 331,690km2
- D: 298/km2
-
Singapore,
- Population: 5.92million
- Land size: 734.3km2
- D: 8171/km2
-
Japan,
- Population: 123,294,513
- Land size: 378,000km2
- D: 326.17/km2
-
USA,
- Population: 340,672,102
- Land size: 9.834 million km2
- D: 34.64/km2
-
France.
- Population: 68.043million
- Land size: 551,695km2
- D: 123.33/km2
-

G5 1. The world’s population is growing.

2. Pros of married life: not being lonely, having goals and responsibilities in life
Pros of single life: freedom, without pressure or many responsibilities
Cons of married life: conflicts in family (between spouse or relatives)
Cons of single life: feeling of loneliness and isolation
3. When the population is growing, it leads to resource scarcity, unemployment,
environmental impact, health and education challenges. In contrast, when the
population is shrinking, it leads to economic impact and aging population.
4. The Current population of Cambodia is 16,944,826 people / Land 181,035km2
Current population of Thailand is 71.6 million / Land 513,120 km2
The Current population of Vietnam is 98,858,950 people. / Land 331,690km2
The Current population of Singapore is 5.92 million as at June 2023. / Land 734,3km2
The Current population of Japan is 123,294,513 / land 378,000 km2
The Current population of USA is 340,682,037 / Land 9.834 million km2
The Current population of France is 68.043 million / Land 551,695 km2

G6 1. Our world's population is currently growing at a staggering pace due to our

technological development. The population might start slowly shrinking in the far
future either due to low fertility rates or a huge disaster but before that, the human
population is expected to reach a peak of at least 9 to 10 billion by the end of the 21st
century.
2. Pros and Cons of Married and Single:
a. Married
- (Pros)
Emotional support, companionship, shared responsibilities, potential
financial benefits, stable family environment.
Cons
Lack of freedom, more responsibility, High expense.
B. Single
Pros
Freedom, no responsibility, no financial burden.
Cons
Loneliness, having no-one to rely on.

3. Issues with Population Growth or Decline:

+Population Growth:
- Strain on resources: Increased demand for food, water, and energy.
- Urbanization challenges: Overcrowded cities, insufficient infrastructure.
- Environmental impact: Increased pollution and habitat destruction.
+Population Decline:
- Aging population: Strain on healthcare and pension systems.
- Economic challenges: Reduced workforce, lower productivity.
- Potential cultural shifts: Changes in societal dynamics and traditions.
4. Land and Populations

- Cambodia
• Land: 176,520 Km2
• Pop: 16,944,826

- Thailand
• Land: 513,120 km2
• Pop: 71.75 million

- Vietnam
• Land: 331,212 km2
• Pop: 98,858,950

- Singapore
• Land: 734.3 km2
• Pop: 5.92 million

- Japan
• Land: 378,000 km2
• Pop: 123,294,513

- USA
• Land: 9,831,510.00 km2
• Pop: 331.9 million

- France
• Land: 549,087 km²
• Pop: 64,756,584

02/11/2023

 SS get into their homework groups

 Show SS Vlog sample
 Show SS Singapore Country Introduction
 Book Chapter Presentation
o Video Length
o Min: 10 mins
o Max: 30 mins
 Review: (discussions about the course)
 Check
o Assignment Groupings?
o Homework Groupings?
o Questions?
 You have 3 video presentations to work on:
o Book Chapter Presentation
o News Briefing
o Video Presentation of the Major Assignment
o All the 3 assignments that you have to work on above shall be related to the chapter that
you are presenting.

Three Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology

 INSTRUCTION: Go to your homework group and discuss what you have read, watched
and understood about the “Three Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology” (15 mins)
 A few SS present to the whole class
 T presents (slides)

 Conflict Theory: ទ្ស្ដីទំនាស់

o Scarce resources
 Structural Functionalism: ទ្ស្ដីសម្ព័ន្ធ
 Symbolic Interactionism: ទ្ស្ដីអន្តរកម្មនិយម-និមិត្តសញ្ញា
o Poverty
o Religion
o Family
 Capitalism: មូលធននិយម
 Capitalist/Bourgeoisie: អ្នកមូលធននិយម / វណ្ណៈអភិជន
 Proletariat: វណ្ណៈអធន

Quiz on Chapter 1

 There may be a quiz on Chapter 1 today.

 The quiz will generally be about Key Terms.

Chapter 1: Population Growth and Urbanization

 Warm up question
 Watching a video
 T explains

26/10/2023

 Show SS Vlog sample

26/10/2023

 INSTRUCTION: You have 10 mins to skim through the course syllabus and assignment
guidelines that were uploaded for you.
 SS work in breakout rooms to skim through the course syllabus and assignments (10 mins)
 Course Orientation
- Course Syllabus
- Assignments
- Procedures
- Applications Used
 So we have decided that for the all the assignments required, students will be making a video
presentation whether it is the book chapter presentation, project presentation, or news briefing.
 Homework Groupings
 Assignment Groupings
 Literature Review: a piece of academic writing demonstrating knowledge and understanding of
the academic literature on a specific topic placed in context. A literature review also includes a
critical evaluation of the material; this is why it is called a literature review rather than a literature
report. (a terminology in research)
 Video Presentation Sample from Vlog
 Video Presentation Sample from Singapore Group
19/10/2023

 Self-Introduction: Teacher
 Course Orientation
- Course Syllabus
- Assignments
- Procedures
- Applications Used
 Self-Introduction: Students
 If you want to live edit or update our Live White Board on your phones, please go ahead and
download MS 365 in your phone and then you are able to do the same thing as we do here.