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Geotech Lab 1

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30 views

Geotech Lab 1

Uploaded by

Marinella Dimaano
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Name: Geotechnical Engineering (CE-12 -D)

DWCC SEAFA

LABORATORY TEST #1
GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS (ASTM D 422)
(SIEVE ANALYSIS)

Purpose:
This test is performed to determine the percentage of different grain sizes contained within a
soil. The mechanical or sieve analysis is performed to determine the distribution of the coarser, larger-
sized particles, and the hydrometer method is used to determine the distribution of the finer particles.

Standard Reference:
ASTM D 422 - Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils

Significance:
The distribution of different grain sizes affects the engineering properties of soil. Grain size
analysis provides the grain size distribution, and it is required in classifying the soil.

Equipment:
Balance, Set of sieves, Cleaning brush, Sieve shaker

Test Procedure:

Sieve Analysis:
(1) Write down the weight of each sieve as well as the bottom pan to be used in the analysis.

(2) Record the weight of the given dry soil sample.

(3) Make sure that all the sieves are clean, and assemble them in the ascending order of sieve
numbers (#4 sieve at top and #200 sieve at bottom). Place the pan below #200 sieve. Carefully
pour the soil sample into the top sieve and place the cap over it.

(4) Place the sieve stack in the mechanical shaker and shake for 10 minutes.

(5) Remove the stack from the shaker and carefully weigh and record the weight of each sieve
with its retained soil. In addition, remember to weigh and record the weight of the bottom pan
with its retained fine soil.

Data Analysis:

Sieve Analysis:
(1) Obtain the mass of soil retained on each sieve by subtracting the weight of the empty sieve
from the mass of the sieve + retained soil, and record this mass as the weight retained on the
data sheet. The sum of these retained masses should be approximately equals the initial mass
of the soil sample. A loss of more than two percent is unsatisfactory.

(2) Calculate the percent retained on each sieve by dividing the weight retained on each sieve
by the original sample mass.

(3) Calculate the percent passing (or percent finer) by starting with 100 percent and subtracting
the percent retained on each sieve as a cumulative procedure.
For example: Total mass = 500 g
Mass retained on No. 4 sieve = 9.7g
Mass retained on No. 10 sieve = 39.5 g

For the No.4 sieve:


Quantity passing = Total mass - Mass retained
= 500-9.7490.3 g

The percent retained is calculated as:


% retained = Mass retained/Total mass
=(9.7/500) X 100= 1.9%
From this, the % passing 100 -1.9=98.1% |

For the No. 10 sieve:


Quantity passing = Mass arriving - Mass retained
= 490.3-39.5= 450.8 g

% Retained (39.5/500) X 100 = 7.9%


% Passing = 100 -1.9-7.990.2%
(Alternatively, use % passing = % Arriving - % Retained
For No. 10 sieve = 98.1-7.9=90.2%)

(4) Make a semilogarithmic plot of grain size vs. percent finer.

(5) Compute Cu, Cc, and So of the soil.


Mass of Mass of Soil
Sieve Diameter Percent Percent
Empty Sieve + Soil Retained
Number (mm) Retained Passing
Sieve (g) Retained (g) (g)
4 514.5 613.1 98.6 19.80 80.2
10 489.2 611.5 122.3 24.55 75.45
20 401.4 527.9. 126.5 25.40 74.6
40 388.9 518.4 129.5 26 74
60 359.1 379.3 20.2 0.04055 99.9595
80 352.3 353.2 0.9 0.001807 99.9982
140 338.0 338.1 0.1 0.000201 99.99
200 339.3 339.3 0 0 100
Pan 371.1 371.3 0 0 100
Mass of Mass of Soil Percent Percent
Sieve Diameter
Empty Sieve + Soil Retained CMR Retained Passing
Number (mm) (%)
Sieve (g) Retained (g) (g) (%)
4 4.76 514.5 613.1 98.6 98.6 80.20 19.8
10 2.00 489.2 611.5 122.3 220.9 55.65 44.35
20 0.84 401.4 527.9. 126.5 347.4 30.25 69.75
40 0.42 388.9 518.4 129.5 476.9 4.256 95.744
60 0.25 359.1 379.3 20.2 497.1 3.815 96.185
80 0.180 352.3 353.2 0.9 498 0.0201 99.98
100 0.149 338.0 338.1 0.1 498.1 0 100
200 0.074 339.3 339.3 0 498.1 0 100
Pan 371.1 371.3 0 498.1 0 100
Total Weight = 498.1

DIVINE WORD COLLEGE OF CALAPAN


SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE
AND FINE ARTS
Laboratory Test #1
GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS (ASTM D 422)

SUBMITTED BY:
NAME: ALANNA ZYRINE O. HE
ID NUMBER: 47496
SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. JHEMAR SORIANO
DATE SUBMITTED:
DATE: February 20, 2024

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