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SITE PLANNING
O1-PRIMER AND REFRESHER
01.LECTURE 01-A-LEAF MORPHOLOGY / PLANT MATERIAL / PLANT SPECIES
02.LECTURE 02 –PARAMETERS OF SITE SELECTION
03.LECTURE 03-ECOLOGICAL SITE CONSIDERATIONS
04.SCIENTIFIC NAMES, PLANT CHARACTER, COMMON NAME, DESCRIPTION

Site Planning
╰┈➤ defined by Kevin Lynch as “the art of arranging structures on the land and shaping
the spaces between; an art linked to architecture, engineering, landscape architecture and
city planning.”
╰┈➤ Harvey M. Rubenstein defines it as ”the art and science of arranging the uses of
portions of land. These uses are designated in detail by selecting and analyzing sites,
forming land use plans, organizing vehicular and pedestrian circulation, developing
visual form and materials concepts, readjusting the existing landforms by design grading,
providing proper drainage, and developing the construction details necessary to carry out
the projects”

Landscape Architecture
╰┈➤ is the study and practice of designing environments (outdoors & indoors) of varying scale that
encompasses elements of art, environment, architecture, engineering, and sociology.
╰┈➤ a profession that is unknown or misunderstood as gardening by many. Its value to society is greater
than many can imagine and should be celebrated by the population of every town, city, and country.
╰┈➤ Scope of the practice of Landscape Architecture" refers to the act of planning, designing,
specifying, supervising and giving general administration and responsible direction to the functional,
orderly and aesthetic arrangement, changing and development of natural scenery and land areas to
produce the most desirable effect for human use and enjoyment of various outdoor spaces which consist
of landscape components and the softscape of plants such as gardens, sports fields, playgrounds,
recreational grounds, camping sites, resorts, national and public parks, historical parks, squares, memorial
parks, subdivisions, parks and parkways, zoological and botanical gardens, greenbelts, cemeteries, plazas,
patios, yards, outdoor shopping and pedestrian malls, promenades, sidewalks, roads and walkway
systems, traffic islands, easements and circles, roof and open interior gardens and courts, and other open
spaces; the protection, conservation and rehabilitation of the natural environment and scenery to enhance
the ecological system and quality of life
╰┈➤ Art. II Sec. 2, Republic Act. 9053 “ Landscape Architecture Law"

Landscape Architects
╰┈➤ are involved in the conceptual design of spaces that “creates and enables life between the
buildings”.

Site Analysis
╰┈➤ is the process of evaluating a particular locations physical, mental and social characteristics with
the ambition of developing an site solution that will both address and enhance its internal and external
context. Site analysis will look at issues such as site location, size, topography, zoning, traffic conditions
and climate.
╰┈➤ The analysis also needs to consider any future developments, or changes to the sites surroundings,
such as a change of roads designations, changing cultural patterns, or other significant building
developments within the area

Site Inventory
╰┈➤ is simply a list of elements that currently exist on the property. Elements that exist on adjacent
properties should also be considered if they impact the future design
╰┈➤ The location of inventoried elements can be recorded on a base map or simple plot plan. Arrows
and other symbols can be used to indicate elements such as views, wind, and sun

Site and surroundings

Three important aspects are to be considered while analyzing the surroundings of the site.

✿ Zoning (Agricultural, Industrial, residential, commercial , recreational etc)

✿ Neighbourhood Analysis
✿ Natural elements present in the site surroundings (Vegetation, rocks, river etc)

ANALYSIS OF SERVICES IN AND AROUND SITE

✿ Electricity lines
✿ Drainage lines
✿ Telephone lines
✿ Cable lines
✿ Postal services
✿ Contour Analysis is very important for efficient site planning. Contour Analysis helps in determining
the slope of the site which proves to be an important factor for site planning.
✿ Recording the flora fauna, soil subsoil, underground water, above ground

There are two methods of establishing a SITE :

1. SITE SELECTION PROCESS This process selects from a list of potential sites one that suits best the
given use and requirements of the project.
2. DEVELOPMENT SUITABILITY PROCESS This process selects the best possible use and
development suited for a given site.

DEFINING AREAS IN THE LANDSCAPE

╰┈➤ Circulation between areas should be of prime importance when locations for those areas are
determined Proportions should be a factor at all times as general areas are designated. Areas should be
more wide than deep for the best appearance
CIRCULATION
╰┈➤ elements should be provided in the landscape for both motor and pedestrian traffic Distinguish
primary walks (for more than one person) and secondary walks (for one person, only if necessary)
Driveways should be designed for easy use, regardless of car size, but generally should be inconspicuous
as possible
DECKS AND PATIOS
╰┈➤ Should be designed for the normal, daily amount of traffic, with overload capability built into
surroundings areas Choices between decks and patios, the size of these elements, and their importance
evolve from the design- analysis information
LAND FORMS
╰┈➤ Nature has blessed us with a terrain that sheds excess water and adds much interest to the landscape
of the country. It is the designers duty to work within the boundaries of nature when altering the land
forms in any way.

Studying Land Forms

╰┈➤ Drainage Systems/ Irrigation Systems
╰┈➤ Surveying and Mapping

Alteration of Land forms

╰┈➤ Site Grading
╰┈➤ Cut and Fill
╰┈➤ Levels and Contour Manipulations

WALLS AND CEILING COVERINGS

╰┈➤ The walls, ceiling and floor are the dimensions of the outdoor “room.” A ceiling (the sky) and the
floor (the ground) are always present, though they might require modification. The walls are created as
part of the landscape design.

✿ FRAMING AND ENCLOSURES

✿ OVERHEAD PROTECTION

✿ ARBORS AND SHADING

Physical Properties of plants

1. Form
╰┈➤ Plant forms tend to reflect the natural terrain of the areas to which they are native. Good
Design calls for the use of these predominant forms to blend with the natural surroundings.

2. Texture
╰┈➤ Ranges from fine through coarse. It is created by the stems, leaves, bark, and buds and can
be seen and felt.
3. Color
╰┈➤ It results from light penetration, absorption, and reflection. The more light rays are
reflected, the brighter the color; the more absorbed, the darker the color will be.

The principle of composition must apply from typical viewing point as well as when moving through
landscape.

✿ Simplicity

╰┈➤ Breeds elegance

✿ Variety
╰┈➤ Used to control repititon and spark the viewers interest.
✿ Emphasis
╰┈➤ or a focal point
✿ Balance
╰┈➤ Either symmetrical or asymmetrical
✿ Sequence
╰┈➤ Can be created by a progression of form, texture, or color.
✿ Scale
╰┈➤ By controlling the proportionate scale of landscaping features, the designer evokes
emotion.

Planting and Architecture

✿ Elevations of architecture
╰┈➤ The designer can determine the dominant lines in the architecture as well as its structural
mass.
✿ Balancing Structural and plant masses
╰┈➤ Reversing structural masses in planting units help to balance and strengthen the building
landscape relationship
✿ Enframement trees
╰┈➤ Help tuck the building into the landscape. They must be placed with all viewing angles in
mind.
✿ Colors and Architecture
╰┈➤ Complementary colors in subtle combinations are usually better than stark contrast that
command too much attention.
✿ Visual Interest Architecture or plantings
╰┈➤ A correlation exist between the amount of visual interest in the building architecture and
the amount required of the landscaping.
✿ Focal Points
╰┈➤ May be created at an entry way by a sequence of color or texture or both. Embelishments
may be used for accent, or ground pattern lines may direct attention appropriately
Matching plants materials to design criteria
1. Specification for plant selection
╰┈➤ Should always be based on specification built during the design process and without
consideration of personal prejudices.
a. Climatic adaptavility and hardiness
b. Soil requirements
c. Sun or shade requirements
d. Size and form’
e. Texture
f. Color foilage
g. Growth and development rate
h. Insect and disease susceptibility
i. Flower and fruit production
j. Commercial availability and price
k. Special use considerations
l. Nomenclature
2. Plant sizes at purchase.
3. Plant conditions at purchase.

Site Design
╰┈➤ Is the organizational stage of the site and landscape planning process. Entails the whole range of
concerns relating to the development, or redevelopment, of a piece of ground for some planned purposes.
╰┈➤ Common purpose is the construction of a building on the ground of a site; thus, building/site
relations and interactions to direct physical connections and sharing of the site space are experienced or
perceived
Aspects and Core Concepts
1. Defining the site design problem.
2. Traffic circulation.
3. Auxiliaries and Utilities
4. Site Condition and Site Context
5. The Visible Site
6. Vegetation and Landforms
7. Geographic Factors: Soil, Site Contours, and Grading
8. Climatic Factors: Sun, Wind, Temperature, Precipitation
9. Sensorial Factors: Olfactory, Gustatory, Visual, Auditory, Haptic
10. Regulatory Laws, Zoning Ordinances and Standards
11. Site Elements: Foreground, Building Area, Service Area, Play Area, Private Area, Entourage

Slope Pattern
▪ 0-5% generally flat, highly buildable
▪ 5-10% gently rolling, moderately buildable
▪ 10-15% gentle to mild slopes, moderately difficult terrain
▪ 15-20% mild to steep slopes, difficult terrain
▪ 20%-above harsh, steep slopes unbuildable

Site analysis
╰┈➤ is the process of evaluating a particular locations physical, mental and social characteristic with the
ambition of developing a site solution that will both address and enhance its internal and external context.
Site analysis will look at issues such as site location, size, topography, zoning, traffic conditions and
climate. The analysis also needs to consider any future developments, or changes to the site’s
surroundings, such as a change of roads designations, changing cultural patterns, or other significant
building developments within the area.

Site inventory
╰┈➤ A list of elements that currently exist on the property. Elements that exist on adjacent properties
should also be considered if they impact the future design.
╰┈➤The location of inventoried elements can be recorded on a base map or simple plot plan. Arrows and
other symbols can be used to indicate elements such as views, wind, and sun
inventory
Location
Neighborhood context
Zoning and size
Legal information
Natural physical features
Man made features
Utilities Climate
Sensory
Human and cultural contex

analysis
Existing structures
Existing vegetation
Geology Topography
Soil type and drainage
Structures Views
Sound
Wildlife
Circulation and accessibility (paths, movement through the landscape)

Regulatory Factors
- Land use
- Setbacks
- Building height
- FAR- how much land and volume can be covered by building
- Protect environment
Building codes
PD 1096
BP 220
BP 344
PD 957
PD 1185
RA 9514

Landscape architecture
deals with the protection, conservation and rehabilitation of the natural environment and scenery to
enhance the ecological system and quality of life, such as, but not limited to:
▪ planning sites and outdoor spaces
▪ recommending on and formulating landscape development policies concerning visual resources,
streetscapes, and the like
▪ Consultation, oral advice and direction, conferences, evaluation, investigation, estimates, appraisals and
assessment, landscape architectural and operational programming
▪ Schematic design, design studies and development, concepts and contract documents and preparation of
preliminary technical and financial component of a project
▪ Preparation of Landscape plans, Construction, and project management; giving general management,
administration, supervision, coordination, and responsible direct construction planning, designing,
construction
Defining the Areas in Landscape
▪ Circulation between areas should be of prime importance when locations for those areas are determined.

▪ Proportions should be always a factor as general areas are designated. Areas should be wider than deep
for the best appearance.
Circulation
▪ Circulation elements should be provided in the landscape for both motor and pedestrian traffic.
▪ Distinguish primary walks (for more than one person) and secondary walks (for one person, only if
necessary)
▪ Driveways should be designed for easy use, regardless of car size, but generally should be
inconspicuous as possible.
Decks and Patios
▪ Should be designed for the normal, daily amount of traffic, with overload capability built into
surroundings areas.
▪ Choices between decks and patios, the size of these elements, and their importance evolve from the
designanalysis information.
Land Forms
▪ Nature has blessed us with a terrain that sheds excess water and adds much interest to the landscape of
the country. It is the designer’s duty to work within references: class materials jeromamemimomu the
boundaries of nature when altering the land forms in any way.
1. Studying Land Forms
• Drainage Systems/ Irrigation Systems
• Surveying and Mapping
2. Alteration of Land Forms
• Site Grading
• Cut and Fill
• Levels and Contour Manipulations

Walls and Ceiling Coverings

▪ The walls, ceiling and floor are the dimensions of the outdoor “room.” A ceiling (the sky) and the floor
(the ground) are always present, though they might require modification. The walls are created as part of
the landscape design.
1. Framings and Enclosures
2. Overhead protection
3. Arbors and Shading