a me Med] 222 === SERVICE VEHICLE FUEL SYSTE UNIT CODE: ENG/OS/AUT/CR/3/6_ Unit description: This unit specifies competencies required to service vehicle fuel system. It involves, servicing fuel components, replacing petro! fuel and diesel injector pumps, pipes, rail and nozzles, performing injector pump timing and testing fuel injector and injection pressure and voltage. ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA [Ez Bp hiss? | PERO! ) CRITERIA | | These describe the key outcomes | These are assessable statements | which make the workplace which specify the required level of | function performance for each of the elements. | | Bold and italicized terms are | elaborated in the Range | “1. Service fuel components e.g. | 1.1 Identify the component to be injectors, tank serviced according to | vehicle’s performance. | 1.2 Tools and equipment are used | according to manufacturer’s ; | manual. | 1.3 Remove faulty component | according to manufacturer's | manual | 14 Service the faulty component according to manufacturer’s manual —— ee | 2.1 Petrol fuel pump location is | identified as per manufacturers | | | a " di om 108 { | | | { ne ma! = y Replace petrol fuel pumpThese dos reas ae assessable statements These describe the key outcomes | These are which specify the required level of — alia { performance for each of the elements. Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range ie manual | 3. Replace diesel injector pump, | rail, pipes and nozzles 2.2 Petrol fuel pump is removed and replaced as per manufacturers manual 2.3 Tools and Equipment are used @ remove and refit petrol fuel components as per manufacturers’ manual 2.4 Faulty fuel pump is stored as per | company policy | 2.5 Fuel system operation test is conducted as per manufacturers manual 3.1 Diesel injector pump, rail, pipes and nozzles location is identified as per manufacturers manual 1322, Pump, rail, pipes and nozzles are } rr moved as per manufacturer’s Procedure, 3.3 New pump, | tail, pipes and hozzles are fitted as per | manufacturers manual. \ 3.4 Air bubbles from the fuel system oe enaaged by bleeding the is 5 ‘ystem in accordance with the oneness’ELEMENT 'hene deseribe the key outeomes which make the workplace function 4. Perform injector pump timing v §, Test fuel injectors for injection pressure and voltage PERFORMANCE CRITERIA These are assessable staternents which specify the required level of performance for cach of the elements. Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range 3.5 Diesel system operation test is conducted as per manufacturer's manual 4.1 Fan belt and timing cover are removed in accordance with the workshop manual 4,2 Timing marks are identified in accordance with manufacturers’ manual 4,3 Timing marks are aligned and timing belt fitted as per manufacturers manual 4.4 Timing belt tensioner is adjusted and timing marks reconfirmed as per manufacturers manual 4.5 Timing cover and fan belt are fitted back as per manufacturers manual 4.6 Diesel system operation test is performed as per manufacturers manual 4.7 Identify the gaug for testing F according manufacturer’ s Specification, 4.8 Tools and equipment are a identified according toELEMENT These describe the key outco: which make the workplace | function, pee ee mes PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 1 y These are assessable statements which specify the required level of performance for each of the elements, Bold and italicized terms are | | elaborated in the Range manufacturer’s manual. 4.9 Connect the gauges according to manufacturer’s manual 4.10 Take the measurements according to manufacturer’s specification ®@ 4.11 Record and file results according | (0 standard operating procedures | (SOP) | RANGE This section provides work environments and conditions to which the performance criteria apply. It allows for different work environments and situations that will affect performance.Variable Manufacturer’s procedure may include but is not limited to: Range | 2.4 Fuel high pressure pump 2.5 Fuel pipes 2.6 Fuel feed pump 2.7 Injectors 2.8 Fuel level gauge 2.9 Fuel sensors 3.1 Vehicle technical data 3.2 Manufacturers’ tolerances and specification data. 3.3 Manufacturers’ specifications 3.4 Approved company practices | 4. Gauges may include but is_ | 4.1 Pressure gauge | not limited to: 42 Multimeter gauge 5. Measurements may include | 5.1 Injection pressure but is not limited to: 5.2 Injection voltage standard operating procedures (SOP) may include but is not limited to: 6.1 Company policy 6.2 Filling system 6.3 Record management procedures 6.4 Client satisfaction procedures.Legal requirements relating to the vehicle, its construction and fuc’ and exhaust emission control. Workplace procedures for: © Recording fault location and correction activities; © Reporting the results of tests; o. The referral of problems; © Reporting delays to the completion of work. The importance of working to recognized assessment and rectification Procedures and obtaining the correct information for rectification The importance of documenting assessment and rectification information. The importance of working to agreed timescales and keeping other”) informed of progress The importance of Teporting anticipated delays to relevant person(s) promptly. ; Required Skills The individual needs to demonstrate the following skills: * Communications (verbal and written) Proficient in ICT Time management Interpretation Problem solving Planning; * Decision making; * Multitasking; © First aid; © Report writing; © Driving1. Critical Aspects of | Assessment requires evidence that the Competency. candidate: 1.1 Worked in a safe and clean environment using personal protection and appropriate tools and equipment; 1.2 Observed regulations concerned with health and safety and the disposal of waste; 1.3 Used tecHnical information to service vehicle fuel system in accordance with manufacturers’ specifications; 1.4 Inspected and replaced fuel system components; | 1.5 Tested fuel system for satisfactory operation | as per the manufacturers specifications. | 2. Resource | The following resources must be provided: implications. 2.1 Workshop that is fully equipped for the service of vehicle fuel system | 2.2 Specialist tools relevant to specific vehicle | makes and models; | 2.4 Electrical Multimeter 2.7 Access to manufacturers’ technical information; 2.8 Facilities for the disposal of waste fuel and scrap parts; 2.9 Customer database and systems for service records; 2.11 Personal protection equipment. Competency may be assessed through: 3.1 Observation with the use of checklists3.2 Verbal questioning during practical . activities 3.3 Short-answer tests Context of Competency may be assessed individually in an assessment. actual workplace or in work-simulated conditions within accredited institutions. Guidance 3 5 Taek This unit may be assessed on an integrated basis for assessment. with others within this occupational! sector.416 MOTOR VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY AND PRACTICAL WORK } THE COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINE 47 pack of thick and thin felt pads, compressed a s | 1, Heater Plugs sotton cloth, figure 22.25; fuel flows outside t | Hespepiae oe down centre tube to delivery connection. Th | es for punctures or excess dirt and renewed if neces- loth made for the purpose Which possesses maximum heat produced thin the cylinder, the temperature is adequate to ignite the fuel Paper and cellulose sheet are very effci 2, Decompression Devices down 0 12 um, and usi of compression on all cylinders enabies the € rotated so that it resists fuel and wa Excessively fine filters wi and lo siting of the valve or ven system, 221 Cold Starting Aids the capsule are drawn ied oy the Mater motor All ines using the indirect injection stim ar i a ee 5. althous compression more ace and imposes heavy temperatures ile ‘yacous and fering 1S may cause moisture the fuel from vaporiz-GNITION ENGINE 419 THE COMPRE: the air intake mat warm the manifold and the air passing the unit is cold, the bal heats the valve body which expands, Sar-plctsaniogadd. sQSEPY O- & BALL VALVE _yauve stem MEATER CON \GNITER SHIELD i fe roune 2228 Sexton tough thermo Ctes bee deaponeee x gosert % ° i Joos waive —vaave stem EATER COL IGMTER SHIELD Protas 2.29 Section trough iDermostat Y ¢ antengine cold.extra(vel ssupphed by art/lvel ratios, sol "brain’ of the ‘ eokd wart imyeciot system, the control unit, must be fed with ene" ion from sensors positioned around tpi#ted © vem This must perform two duues: Figure 144 shows the ‘essential a . es the tart of the mjpection and also transmuted to the control unit ition, t how tong the injector stays open. The Commencement of injection is tr ret! wa seeteets the cuanity of fuel tobe mined wih contacts or switches fitted in the igng ts! PY eharge, $0 duration of injection gets longer tor. For sixceybnder engines the injg Pn” toad and speed are increased. Variation in sets of three, Le. three inject. Heine operating conditions requ ame time ys a fitment ‘eet mod yunction es differen nprovem le pollution un that « ams previ flap val: ih are ele cok mart rector r the 4 4 << bustion Z| a Ts | |1. Roery part is written in present continges tense14 Tyre Propetes and Performance Rabo of height to wah (aupect rato) speed symbol Treadwear. traction ‘and temperature grades 113. Tyre desigaion : periad dint cg tptatcernstint TERY rpms ie meee ‘The unladen tyre diameter D is equal tothe wheel diameter + twice tyre wall height ‘Thus, in the above case: D= (15 x 25.4) + 2(0.65 x 215) = 660.5 mm, Note: (2) Thc heavy weight ofthe read, combined with he suppor belts and flexible ye Sa alin the tre inevensing in diametz 2 higher spond. This rey Feat in the vehicle traveling slighty fasice than theoretical predicions typically cirea 64. SM OLNYIO Het wea SION OT —aymay, SPNPA GA OLAV ¥ HOW. INHALATION WNOLLWN LawomTa 37* Signin Signin ‘Back o-Top Blog About Patent Prints Workshop Manuals Video couse Tacebook Twiter YouTube. ‘Search for: @.9, ranemision lemvaioser | Open Searcy Moos / Euel systems 7 Adjusting an emission-control carburettor sarburstior ‘Tae Video Course teaches you everything about moder cas. 2 Atte carburetorNy cranes yen en ie pend ‘Om some you can aber the mintre very slightly by means of an extra it= Qh reutaing see é \Atiaie vemtart carbarener ‘The Fond ware wentan carturettr also has a by-pass idle-speed adjustment ‘The seals are often cary to remove You may find that somebody has done s0, and upset the precise mixture balance made by the factory (Many garages ere et squats « malndpsted carburetor right You may have to buy a new one, although « specialist carburettor ess = a Y y though « spectalstcarburet iis tepertant to Know whet you con adjust and what you should not. Some early emission-control carbursttors had no seals, and ‘eustahes were easy o make Wo any Barve to pes rig semen cc's ctor, Jeast well noigh to got the car wo a specialise garage, where the carburettor can he net ‘Before snempting any adjustment, cleminate all other possible causes of bad running “Find the neting screws and mak marc that you can tary them without removing the ar cleanct “erethons burmang younelf ue 4 tet coeEmission-control models ae titled CDSE and CD2SE. Most ofthese allow no jet or needle adjustment, The idle-speed screw is ‘adjustable; there is also a trimmer’ screw for minor adjustments to fuel flow, which may have a locknut Even this screw should be adjusted only with gas analysing equipment at a garage. On a few CDSEs the needle height can be adjusted ‘with « special tool in the same way as on CD3 (See ). ‘The cap over the adjuster is to discourage tampering. replacing the adjusting screw with a bush, which nceds « steel cap, Adjust isa fs normal Suombery (See Aun h needs special oo turnTec cura emission-comte types of SU casts wee seal by al one than dab of ein othe vc of the Cm ier type. plastic shrouds were fied around the Winged wd et adr. Th justers These shrouds, Pl 0 easy, bat can ‘The HIF model (which iter ten oes SL mand by baving» Now chamber The side of the body 40 at the Jet eg — ee sew in hidden under n alaminiun pg which can be removed with» tha screwde j This ser to weaken the mints Thescrew exes ia cocrree sn aut te nas, oadeat Often cary ta raft THe screw, once ne Aust ano al Setew head, “eauiring a matching ‘001, is used a “tO screw which contr ols the idling speed However, there ig wally the only screw. Which can be reached Without sither protruding o in a TevessFUEL & FUEL SYSTEM PROPERTIES OF FUEL Fenn aecpeance consumed by the engine to produce energy. The common fuels for internal combustion engines are: 1. Petrol 2. Power kerosene 3. High speed diesel oil 4. Light diesel oil. “The important properties ofthese fuels are given below: [S.No [Name of fuel oil A.P.1. | Specific Calorific value degree | Gravity |“ kealikg | BT-C/Ib (| Cight diesel oil (L.D.0.) 2 0920 10300 18600 (Gi)__ [High speed diesel oil (HSD) a 0820__| 10550 19000 (Gi) [Power kerosene 40 0827 10850 19500 Gy) _ [Petrol 63 0.730 T1100 20000 QUALITY OF FUEL ‘The quality of the fuel mainly depends upon the following properties: 1. Volatility of the fue! Calorific value of the fuel Ignition quality of the fuel ‘Volatility: Volatility of fuel has considerable effect on the performance of the engine by affecting the following: (i) Ease of starting the engine. Degree of crankcase oil dilution, Gi) Formation of vapour Tock in the fuel system, (iv) Accelerating characteristics of the engine, (v) Distribution of fuel in malti-cylinder engine. In C.engine, all the liquid fel must be converted into vapour fuel before burning. High speed diesel oil is most difficult to vapourise, Vapourising temperature of high speed diesel oil is higher than that of the petrol, hence the petrol vapourises quicker than diesel oi inthe engine cylinder. This helps in easy starting ‘of petrol engines. Calorific value: The heat liberated by combustion of a fuel is known as calorific value or heat value of the feel Tris expressed in keal kg ofthe fuel. The heat value of a ft is an important measure of its worth, ‘ince this is the heat which enables the engine to do the work. nition quality: Ignition quality refers to case of burning the oil in the combustion chamber, Octane Tether and eetane number are the measures of ignition quality of the fuel. Ta) Octane number: cis a measure of knock characteristics of fuel. The percentage of iso-octane (Cy Hi) eo octeerence fuel consisting of a mixture of so-actane and normal heptane (CH), when it produces the inne Koncking effect asthe fuel under tet, is caled octane number of the fuel s0-oetane as excellent ‘arTemock qualities and is given a rating of 100, Normal heptane would knock excessively and hence it is assigned a value of 2er0, ta). Cetane mumber: The percentage of cctane in a mintue of cetane (Cie Hh) and alphamethyl > selene (Cy, Hi) that produces te same knocking effect as the foel under et is called eetane number aor el Diesel facs are rated according to eetane mumber which is the indication of ignition quality of ae Tne higher the cetane namber the betler the ignition quay of whe diese fuel. The commercial Te cel fuels have got cetanc rating varying from 30 to 60. ‘Detonation (Knocking): Detonation or engine knocking refers to violent noises, heard in an engine, giving perging sound dung the process of combustion. It occurs during We process of combustion ofthe AG ENGG 243 Lecture 6 1CCarburettor with pump feed to fuel reservoir In practice, float chamber are always the same. float in the float chamber also the chamber from the fuel tank ‘valve back to its seat and cuts off constriction in the induction pipe obstruction in the induction pipe. Datterfly valve is tured into the acct drawn out into the air stream, ‘A second butterfly valve called choke is condition. The choke contro ttarottle butterfly, which is use Fuel is delivered to the float chamber thro is connected with the mixing ¢ Function of Carburettor: Th the fuel level in the jet is maintained by ‘When the fuel level rises the fuel flow. The velocit mown as venturi. A eis used to control the flow of erate position, the airflow over the jet inc ieeping the mixture strength constant is the volume of air entering into the ver .4 when the engine is idling. i? aepes WET yaivE > SPRING FILTER BOWL cam Diaphragm type fuel pump needle valve comes off its seat f air-fuel mixture (0 ‘used to provide a richer mixture nagh fucl pipe ei ‘equipped with fuel jet. speeds and loads and i) Tomix the air and fuel thoroughly (i) Toatomise the fuel (Git) Toregulate the air-fuel ratio at different w) FUEL SYSTEM OF DIESEL ENGINE During engine operat impurities are removes fuel injection purmp th the injectors through high pressure pipes chamber of the engine. fo the intake side ofthe fuel transfer pu "The main component Diesel ‘Tank Filter ‘AG ENGG 243 Lecture 6 ‘To supply correct amount of mixture at tion, the fuel is supplied by gravity from fu -d. From the primary filter, the rough second fuel filter. The fuel injec ‘The injectors ato “The fuel injection pur imp through a relief valve. te of the fuel system in diesel engine are: Frjetion pam (4 atomisers and (5) high pressure Pie. Flow diagram of fuel in 3 ferent speeds and loads. rel tank 10 the primary filter where coarse i fuel is drawn by fuel transfer pump and js delivered to jon purmp supplics fuel under high pressure to fe the fuel and inject imp is fed with fuel in abundance. The © into the combustion sxcess fuel is by-passed (1) fuel filter (2) fuel lift pump (3) fuel Cylinder [E—[ Injector Fuel lift Filter injection pump pump diesel tractor ‘afloat chamber. The fuel levels in the jet and in the ‘As the fuel is consumed, the level in the float ck fhamber goes down. The ‘goes down and the allowing more fuel into {o its correct level, the float presses the needle Ly ofthe air flowing over the jet is increased BY hroitle butterfly valve provides an adjustable the engine. As the eases and more fuel is for the engine to start in cold uri, A second jet is fitted near the ther by gravity or by a pump. The float chamber Shamber (venturi via fuel nozzle: 1¢ main functions of the carburettor ar:Ain"eUsANeR FOR Ler pune wach ree OO Layout of fuel supply in diesel engine FUEL LIFT PUMP (FEED PUMP OR TRANSFER PUMP) Icis a pump, which transfers fuel from the fuel line to the fuel injection pump. [Lis mounted fuel injection pump. It delivers adequate amount of fuel to the injection pump. The pump ¢ body (2) piston (3) inlet valve and (4) pressure valve. The valves are tightly pressed against springs. The piston is free to slide in the bore. The fuel contained in the space below the pist flow through secondary fuel filter to the injection pump. At the same time downward mo piston creates a depression in the space above the piston which, causes the fuel to be drawn pump from the fuel tank through the inlet valve and the primary filter. FUEL INJECTING PUMP Tt is a pump, which delivers metered quantity of fuel to each cylinder at appropriate tin pressure, Tractor engines may use two types of fuel injection pump: (i) Multi-element pump and (ii) Distributor (Rotary) type pump. Fuel Injector: 11 is the component, which delivers finely atomised fuel under high 5 combustion chamber of the engine. Modern tractor engines use fuel injectors, which have 1 ‘Main parts of injector are: nozzle body and needle valve, The nozzle body and needle valve from alloy steel. The needle valve is pressed against a conical seat in the nozzle body by injection pressure is adjusted by adjusting the screw. FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM Diesel fuel is injected in diesel engine through injectors with the help of fuel injection pun using injectors, fuel injection pump, fuet filter, and fuel lines is called fuel injection syst functions of fuel injection system are: (i) To measure the correct amount of fuel required by engine speed and load, (ii) To maintain correct timing for beginning and end of injection, {iii) To inject the fuel into the combustion space against high compression pressure. {iv) To atomise the fuel for quick ignition. Process of fuel injection in diesel engine is of two types: (i) Air injection (i) Solid injection, ‘Air injection: In this process, the engine uses compressed air to force the fuel into the « bulky system and hence it is not considered very suitable for vehicles and tractors, It is heavy-duty stationary engines. ‘Solid injection: A high-pressure pump is used for fo ing the fuel into the combustion cham AG ENGG 243 Lecture 6 44 COMBUSTION CHAMBER ‘A combustion chamber is a space inside the engine, where the combustion of fuel takes place. In diesel ‘engine, the fuel is atomised, vapourised and burnt inside combustion chamber, whereas in spark ignition ‘engine, atomisation of fuel takes place in the carburettor and vaporisation occurs in carburettor as well as ‘the inlet manifold. Combustion chamber is classified as: (a) Direct injection chamber (b) Indirect injection chamber ‘TURBOCHARGER It is a turbo-compressor driven by the exhaust gases of the engine to supply air under pressure to the cylinders of the engine. Turbocharger is useful because the power output of a diesel engine can be increased by supplying ‘compressed air to the engine cylinders. If more air is delivered to the cylinders the fuel charge can also be increased and witl release more energy The turbocharger consists of a centrifugal compressor with impellers and a gas turbine unit. The compressor impeller and the turbine wheel are rigidly fixed on a common shaft. Compressor impeller draws air from the atmosphere and delivers it to the intake manifold and from there it goes to the engine cylinders thus improving the volumetric efficiency of the engine. FUEL FILTER Itis a device to remove dirt from fuel oil. Solid particles and dustin diesel fuel are very harmful for giving a fine degree of filtration. Fuel injection equipment in diesel engines is extremely sensitive to dirt and solid particles present in fuel. A filter is used to remove the dit and solid particles from the fuel to ensure trouble free fuel supply. It consists of a hollow cylindrical element contained in a shell, an annular space being left between the shell and the clement. The filtering element consists of metal gauge in conjunction with various media such as packed fibres, woven cloth, felt, paper etc. These filters are replaced at certain intervals, specified by the manufacturer. ‘Usually there are two filters in diesel engine: (1) Primary filter and (2) Secondary filter. The primary filter removes water and coarse particle of dirt from the fuel. The secondary filter removes fine sediments from the fuel. BLEED screws LEME Fuel filter for diesel engine IGNITION SYSTEM “There are four different systems of igniting fucl: (a) Ipnition by electri spark ie. spark ignition (b) Ignition by heat of compression ie. compression ignition (c) Ignition by hot tube or hot bulb and (a) Ten ‘open flame. Only the firs 0 are important methods for modern engines. SPARK IGNITION “The purpose of spark ignition isto deliver a perfectly timed surg zap in each cylinder at the exact {There are two methods in spark i of electric nt so that the charge may start burni ition: (a) Battery ignition and (b) Magne across an open spark plu ith maximum effic AG ENGG 243 Lecture 6 5BATTERY IGNITION Principle of working: Bartery ignition system includes two circuits () Low voltage (primary circuit) and (i high voltage (secondary circuit), The low-voltage circit consists cof: (i) battery (ii) ignition switch (iii) {series register (iv) primary winding and (¥) contact breaker ‘All are connected in series. The high voltage aan cain of- (i secondary winding (i distributor rotor (ii high voltage wiring and (iv) spark plugs. ignition coil, provided ‘When the piston is at the end of compression ccurrent in primary cut the wire tunings of the s aa toa value of 20 0 24 thousand voll. The high-voltage surge is deli ‘ked up by the rotor and directed to the proper -ssed air-fuel mixture Stroke, the contact breaker point opens. Thus the flow of ‘winding causes the magnetic field to collapse. As the fil collapses, its lines of force vrandary winding. This increases the vollage across the secondary winding fered to the cenire terminal of the distributor cap where it is pic spark plug. A spark jumps the plug gap and ignites the compres Battery Ignition Ignition circuit: Ignition circuit gets electric curent (rom battery. When the distributor points are Terie ee voltage curent flows through the primary winding of 16h coil (0 the distributor costal and through the breaker poits to the ground. A strong mag field is built up during this period field in the coil starts collapsing, Thus tf operation. When the disibutor points are opened, the mszrer i reel which tends to prevent break down of the magnetic ccurrent is induced Sars very high voltage is produced inthe secondary winding def ‘sudden collapsing of the magnetic vite “This high voltage makes the spark to jump across the gap of the spark plug. STORAGE BATTERY Sioease hatiery i a device for converting chemical neray i jetty, but lead-acid battery is most common for IC. enines used Datey. consists of: () Plats (i) Separators i) Electrolyte () Cominer GOVERNOR ‘Governor is mechanical device designed tractor or stationary engines for: 0 Maintaining a nearly constant speed of engine under 4) Gd. Provectng the engine andthe attached equipments aginst high ference in principle between the of removed. soe, There is an important dif the fuel supply is under direct “Tractor engines are always fitted with goves mpgine and that of a motor car. In case of motor ar. trolled by the governor. The ‘peda, but in tractor engine, the fuel supply is com ito electrical energy. There are several types of for tractors and automobiles and (v) Terminal wire 1 control the speed of an engine within specified limit used on {ferent load conditions ‘speeds, when the load is reduced control of Sot changes the engine sped by moving the EOVETON lever pena i exsntal ova waior engine fo he rearn Toad on the tractor engine is subjected to A gtaation nthe eld andthe opraio canna one ii change of the engine speed without any cae devie. For example, i the load on the Wein reduced, the engine would tend to race sorts te load increased, the cosine, woul We slow down abrupily. Under these ee aces, bccomes cifcalt fo the Pere TTS ‘always the dhroae lever 10 meet the cirworary changes in the engi oad. A vert automatically regulates the engine speed on varying oad seer od ts the operur is rteved ofthe OU of constant regulating the throtle lever 10 suit Sierent load conditions Ag ENGG 243 Lecture 6 —+,tak mold | +S per1g bee | 10> Hho 1484 em isos pur ) A2pWYAD 293 wi HF jo w a Prt +t re YP ses das a at J'ai 2ye prench sonoeh wows p) asa) 07 based apse fe On (eat ie ek ale rhe *4 ae aH 0 EL aibpaq sing tl | | | | ides. lem | ssh oe ta acr8fo sont : Dui jo anbpor poummisns pie Zudns (poise) spose spod 44 woys224u 24) PU par St aay ue ahons 0m) a 30 ag amaedodur ear an (gt pue [ axaypioutor nade au 104 St co a4 . id v0 ep vy agneyrs| i) feo ex ti ak nich aed a ca of ayons-4 jamb Aron, us ay] 024 © I Ovi 199, 5 fq are eae af 143 PUBS {aay snus 24) Dat aoy appul jo uorkundya ayy tonsype bit the Perki fe: yoRojpat EMAMBER