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Mastering Evaluating Arguments

The document discusses different types of arguments including inductive, deductive, and logical fallacies. It provides examples to illustrate inductive and deductive arguments as well as logical fallacies that can weaken arguments.

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Irfan Hasif
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46 views

Mastering Evaluating Arguments

The document discusses different types of arguments including inductive, deductive, and logical fallacies. It provides examples to illustrate inductive and deductive arguments as well as logical fallacies that can weaken arguments.

Uploaded by

Irfan Hasif
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mastering Evaluating

Arguments
Understanding the different components of an argument is crucial
to evaluating its strength or weakness. In this presentation, we will
go over premise, conclusion, and proposition and learn to identify
the different types of arguments.

by Irfan Hasif
Types of Arguments
Inductive Arguments Deductive Arguments Difference between
Inductive arguments
Arguments based on Arguments based on
examples or experience logical reasoning that Learn the key differences
that lead to a probable lead to a certain between inductive and

conclusion. We'll examine conclusion if the deductive arguments and


some examples and premises are true. We'll how to identify these

practice evaluating them. examine some examples differences.

and practice evaluating


them.
Inductive Arguments
Example 2

All of the dogs I have seen have tails, so all


dogs must have tails.

1 2 3

Example 1 Example 3

More than half of the employees in this All the Fridays this month have been sunny,
company came from XYZ school, so most so next Friday will likely be sunny too.
employees in the company probably came
from XYZ school.
Deductive Arguments

Example 1 Example 2 Example 3

All cats have fur. Fluffy is a No birds can swim. A All humans are mortal. John
cat. Therefore, Fluffy has penguin is a bird. Therefore, is a human. Therefore, John
fur. a penguin cannot swim. is mortal.
Inductive and Deductive
Arguments in Events
Industry
1 Inductive 2 Deductive

Surveys and feedback A conference scheduled


from attendees can lead to take place in a city
to a conclusion about the during a certain time will
success of an event. be canceled if the city
declares a state of
emergency or a natural
disaster occurs during
that time.
Introduction to Logical Fallacies
Definition Identifying Logical Their Examples
Fallacies
Logical fallacies are We'll look at some
errors or mistakes in Practice identifying different examples of
reasoning that make different fallacies in commonly used fallacies
arguments weak or invalid. examples so that you can and learn to recognize
We'll learn to identify strengthen your own them in arguments.
some common fallacies. arguments and avoid
making these mistakes
yourself.
Logical Fallacies in Academic
1 Example 1

"All cats are mammals, and all mammals have hearts, so all cats have hearts"

2 Example 2

"I didn't plagiarize because I didn't copy word for word."

3 Example 3

"The theory is wrong because it's old."

4 Example 4

"The new research paper must be wrong because the authors have different
opinions than I do."
Logical Fallacies in Professional
Settings

Begging the Question Ad Hominem Appeal to Authority

Assuming the conclusion in Attacking the character of Using the opinion of an


the premise without any the person making the authority figure as
evidence or argument. argument rather than the evidence or proof that an
argument itself. argument is true.

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