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Unit-III-Hand P Actuators

The document discusses drives and actuators for electrical, pneumatic and hydraulic systems. It covers hydraulic and pneumatic drives, electrical actuators like servo motors and stepper motors, and drive circuits for open and closed loop control. It also discusses pneumatic and hydraulic actuation systems including typical power systems, accumulators, directional control valves, cylinders, pressure control valves, and sequencing valves.

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miriam.alice
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65 views

Unit-III-Hand P Actuators

The document discusses drives and actuators for electrical, pneumatic and hydraulic systems. It covers hydraulic and pneumatic drives, electrical actuators like servo motors and stepper motors, and drive circuits for open and closed loop control. It also discusses pneumatic and hydraulic actuation systems including typical power systems, accumulators, directional control valves, cylinders, pressure control valves, and sequencing valves.

Uploaded by

miriam.alice
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit-3

Drives and Actuators


Learning outcomes:
At the end of this topic, will be able to,
• Explain the concept of drives and actuators of electrical, pneumatic and hydraulic system
Topics to be covered
• Hydraulic and Pneumatic drives,
• Electrical Actuators such as servo motor and Stepper motor,
• Drive circuits, open and closed loop control
Actuation systems
• Actuation systems are the elements of control systems
• which are responsible for transforming the output of a microcontrollers or microprocessor
or control system into a controlling action on machine or device
eg. Pneumatic, hydraulic, mechanical, and electrical actuation systems
Pneumatic & hydraulic actuation systems
• Pneumatic deals with air pressure
• Hydraulic deals with fluid motion and pressure
Typical Hydraulic Power System
• With a hydraulic system, pressurized oil (fluid) is provided by
a pump driven by an electrical motor.

• The pump pumps oil from a sump through a non return


valve and an accumulator to the system, from which it
return to the sump
• The pressure relief valve is to release the pressure if it rises
above a safe level
• The accumulator is to smooth out any short term
fluctuations in the output oil pressure
Accumulator Work

• Accumulator is a container in which the oil is held under pressure against


an external force, which involves gas within a bladder in the chamber
containing the hydraulic fluid
• If the oil pressure rises then the bladder contracts increase the volume
the oil can occupy and so reduces the pressure.
• If the oil pressure falls the bladder expands to reduce the volume
occupied by the oil and so increases its pressure
Typical Pneumatic Power System
Directional Control Valves
• Pneumatic and hydraulic systems use directional control valves to direct the flow
of fluid through a system;
• Its ON/OFF devices either completely open or closed.
• They might be activated to switch the fluid flow direction by means of
mechanical, electrical or fluid pressure signal
Common Types
1-Spool valve: 2-Rotary spool valve:
Move horizontally within the valve body to Have the same idea, when rotates opens
control flow and closes ports
3-Poppet valve
• This valve is normally in closed condition. In this valve, balls,
discs or cones are used in conjunction with valve seats to
control the flow.
• When the pushbutton is depressed, the ball is pushed out of
its seat and flow occurs as a result of port 1 being connected
to port 2.
• When the button is released, the spring forces the ball back
up against its seat and so closes off the flow.
Hydraulic/Pneumatic linear actuators,
Cylinders
• Both hydraulic and pneumatic actuators have the same principles,
differences being in size
• The cylinder consists of a cylindrical tube along which a piston/ram can
slide
• They are of two types:
• Single acting and double acting
Cylinders: Single acting
Single acting: the control pressure is applied to one side of the piston
Numerical Problem
A hydraulic cylinder to be used to move a work piece in a manufacturing operation through a distance
of 250 mm in 15 s. if a force of 50 KN is required to move the work piece, what is the required working
pressure and hydraulic liquid flow rate if a cylinder with a piston diameter of 150 mm is available?
Pressure control valve
1- Pressure limiting valve: used to limit the pressure in a circuit to below some value
Pressure sequence valve:
are used to sense the pressure of an external line and give a signal when it reaches some
preset value

Symbol

Sequential System
Cylinder Sequencing
Rotary actuators

A Linear Cylinder Vane Motor


Vane Type Semi rotary actuator

• A linear cylinder can, with • A pressure difference between


suitable mechanical linkage the two parts causes the vane
be used to produce rotary to rotate.
movement through angles
less than 360 degree

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