DOCUMENTATION

Name: Shahnwaz Khan

Course: DCA
CONTENTS

Serial No Topics Page No

01 Acknowledgment 0-1

02 Fundamentals of computer 2-4

03 Disk Operating System (DOS) 4-5

04 Word Processing: MS Word 5-7

05 Worksheet: MS Excel 7-10

06 Presentation Graphics: MS Power Point 11-12

07 C language 13-18

08 DBMS (MS Access) 19

09 Web Page Designing (HTML) 20-23

10 Basic Web Development Using JavaScript 24-26

11 Tally 27-29
Page | 1

1. Acknowledgement

I take this opportunity to express my deep gratitude and sincerest thank to

my project mentor, Shib Shankar Ghosh for giving most valuable suggestion,
helpful guidance and encouragement in the execution of this project work.

I will like to give a special mention to my colleagues. Last but not the least I
am grateful to all the faculty members of PBA INSTITUTE or their support.
Page | 2

2. Fundamentals of Computer
Unit – I Introduction of Computer
• History of development of computers

While the conceptual idea behind a computer was developed in the 19th
century, the first electronic computer was developed in the 1940s. Early
computers used mechanical relays and vacuum tubes, which were replaced by
transistors and later by integrated circuits, which led to the microprocessors
we use today.

• Computer system concepts

A computer system is a set of integrated devices that input, output,
process, and store data and information. Computer systems are currently
built around at least one digital processing device. There are five main
hardware components in a computer system: Input, Processing, Storage,
Output and Communication devices.

• Characteristics
1) Speed. A computer works with much higher speed and accuracy compared
to humans while performing mathematical calculations.
2) Accuracy. Computers perform calculations with 100% accuracy.
3) Diligence.
4) Versatility.
5) Reliability.
6) Memory.
Page | 3

• Capabilities and limitations

The capabilities of a computer system are speed, reliability, adaptability,
storage and accuracy. Computers systems are well adjusted to perform
repetitive tasks. They never get tired, bored or fatigued. Hence, they are a
lot reliable than humans.

• Generations of computers
1) First Generation Computers (1940-1956)
2) Second Generation Computers (1956-1963)
3) Third Generation Computers (1964-1971)
4) Fourth Generation Computers (1971-Present)
5) Fifth Generation Computers (Present and Beyond)

• Basic components of a computer system

Control Unit, ALU, I/ O Devices, memory – RAM, ROM, EPROM, PROM,
Flash Memory and other types of memory.

Unit – II Storage Devices

• Storage fundamentals – Primary Vs Secondary

1) Primary Storage.
Primary storage refers to the main storage of the computer or main memory
which is the random access memory or RAM.
2) Secondary Storage.
Secondary storage, on the other hand, refers to the external storage devices
used to store data on a long-term basis.
Page | 4

• Various Storage Devices

Magnetic Tape, Magnetic Disks, Cartridge Tape, Data Drives, Hard Disk
Drives, Floppy (Winchester Disk), Disks, Optical Disks, CD, VCD, CD-R,
CD-RW, Zip Drive, DVD, SVCD.

3. Disk Operating System (DOS)

• Introduction, History & Versions of DOS

DOS primarily consists of Microsoft's MS-DOS and a rebranded version
under the name IBM PC DOS, both of which were introduced in 1981.
Later compatible systems from other manufacturers include DR DOS (1988),
ROM-DOS (1989), PTS-DOS (1993), and FreeDOS (1998).

• Basic DOS Commands

• Internal
C:\Users\user>cd Onedrive
C:\Users\user\OneDrive>cd desktop
C:\Users\user\OneDrive\Desktop>mkdir DOS
C:\Users\user\OneDrive\Desktop>cd DOS
C:\Users\user\OneDrive\Desktop\DOS >mkdir ppp

C:\Users\user\OneDrive\Desktop\DOS >date;
The current date is: 10-03-2022
Enter the new date: (dd-mm-yy)

C:\Users\user\OneDrive\Desktop\DOS >time
The current time is: 18:52:23.42
Enter the new time:
Page | 5

• External
C:\ Users\user > TYPE <DOS> | MORE
C:\ Users\user > MOVE <MP3> <SONG >
C:\ Users\user > SORT /R < Demo> <Memo >
C:\ Users\user > FIND "Shahnwaz" <Download >
C:\ Users\user > DISKCOPY <A > <B >
C:\ Users\user > ATTRIB [± r] [± a] [± h] [± s] <DOS >

• Executable V/s Non executable files in DOS

The main difference between executable and non executable files is that the
executable files are directly executed by the CPU while the non
executable files are not directly executed by the CPU. An executable file
is executed by the CPU when opening the file. It can be a compiled program
or a script.

4. Word Processing: MS Word

• Introduction of Word Processing

The main purpose of a word processing program is to permit the user to
create text documents, edit (insert, delete, and replace) text and objects,
format the document to increase readability and appearance, print a copy of
the document, and save the document for future use or reference.

• Introduction to MS Word: features

Creating, Saving and Opening documents in Word, Interface
Page | 6

Open document

Create new document

Save document

• Editing a Document
To copy selected text, perform one of the following actions:
• Click the Copy button.

• Choose Edit, Copy.

• Right-click the selected text and choose Copy.

• Press Ctrl+C.

• Press Ctrl+Insert.

To cut selected text, perform one of the following actions:

• Click the Cut button.

• Choose Edit, Cut.

• Right-click the selection and choose Cut.

• Press Ctrl+X.

• Press Shift+Delete.
Page | 7

Aligning Text and Paragraph

Paragraph 1

Paragraph 2

Paragraph 3
Paragraph 4

• Borders and Shading, Headers and Footers, Multiple Columns

Page | 8

5. Worksheet: MS Excel
• Introduction of MS Excel
MS-EXCEL is a part of Microsoft Office suite software. It is an electronic
spreadsheet with numerous rows and columns, used for organizing data,
graphically represent data(s), and performing different calculations. It
consists of 1048576 rows and 16383 columns, a row and column together
make a cell.

• Worksheet basics
A worksheet consists of cells that are organized into columns and rows;
a worksheet is always stored in a workbook.) to list and analyze data. We can
enter and edit data on several worksheets simultaneously and perform
calculations based on data from multiple worksheets.

• Creating worksheet

Save

Sheet Area
Row bar Tabs

Column bar
Zoom controls

View Buttons
Page | 9

• Working with formulas & cell referencing.

1. TEXT Function: The Excel Text function converts a supplied numeric value into
text, in user specified format.

2. Excel IF Function: Run a test, Return IF True, another IF False.

3. WEEKDAY Function: The Excel Weekday function returns an integer are to be

assigned to week for a supplied date.
Page | 10

4. YEAR Function: The Excel function returns an integer representing the year of
supplied date.

5. HOUR Function: The Excel HOUR function returns an integer representing the
hour component a supplied Excel time.

6. SECOND Function: The Excel SECOND function returns an integer representing

the SECOND component a supplied Excel time.
Page | 11

6. Presentation Graphics: MS Power Point

• Introduction of MS Power Point

MS PowerPoint is a program that is included in the Microsoft Office suite. It
is used to make presentations for personal and professional purposes.

Add Layout
Arrange Objects
Slide Show
Add Shapes
Transitions
New Slide

• Features and various versions

• PowerPoint Design Ideas. First on this list and one of my favorite features
of PowerPoint is the “Design Ideas“.
• Animations. Microsoft PowerPoint animations allow you to emphasize
certain points of your current slide.
• Slide Transitions.
• Images.
• Merge Shapes.
• Videos.
• Icons.
• PowerPoint Notes for Presentation.
Page | 12

• Inserting Objects

Insert Pictures

Add Table

Theme Fonts

Bold

Fonts Size
Page | 13

7. C Language
• Introduction of C language
C is a general-purpose high level language that was originally
developed by Dennis Ritchie for the Unix operating system. It was first
implemented on the Digital Eqquipment Corporation PDP-11 computer in
1972. The Unix operating system and virtually all Unix applications are
written in the C language.

• C Character Set
1. Lowercase and uppercase letters of ISO Basic Latin Alphabet: a–z A–Z
2. Decimal digits: 0–9
3. 29 graphic characters! ” # % & ‘ ( ) * + , – . / :
; < = > ? [ \ ] ^ _ { | } ~
4. Whitespace characters: space, horizontal tab, vertical tab, form feed,
newline (Newline indicates the end of a text line), carriage return,
backspace,..etc.

• Constants
An entity that does not change or have a fixed value is a constant. For e.g. the
digit 5 is a constant.

Types of Constants in C

1. Primary Constants

a)Integer Constants, b)Real Constants, c)Character Constants.

2. Secondary Constants

a)Array, b)Pointers, c)Structures, etc

Page | 14

• Variables
A variable is an entity which can hold a particular type of constant and this
value can change as per user’s wish.For e.g. x=10; here, x is a variable and 5 is
a constant.
Any variable can hold only a particular type of constant. The type of constant
decides the data type of the variable.

• Key words
In C language there are 32 Keywords.
auto, break, case, char, const, continue, default, do, double, else, enum, extern,
float, for, goto, if, int, long, register, return, short, signed, sizeof, static, struct,
switch, typedef, union, unsigned, void, volatile, while.

• Operators

o Arithmetic Operators

o Relational Operators

o Shift Operators

o Logical Operators

o Bitwise Operators

o Ternary or Conditional Operators

o Assignment Operator

o Misc Operator
Page | 15

• If-else

Q.1 Write a program to accept a number and check: (a) whether the number
is divisible by 2 and 5. (b) Whether the number is divisible by 2 but not by
5. (c) the number is divisible by 5 but not by 2. The program must display
the message accordingly.

#include<stdio.h>

main()
{
int n;

printf("Enter the no\n"); //n=(a=10, b=6, c=15,)

scanf("%d",&n);

if(n%2==0 && n%5==0)

printf("Div by 2 and 5");

else if (n%2==0 && n%5!=0)

printf("Div by 2 but not 5");

else if(n%2!=0 && n%5==0)

printf("Div by 5 but not 2");

else
printf("Div not by 2 and 5");

Output:
n=10, (a) Divisible by 2 and 5.
n=6, (b) Divisible by 2 but not by 5.
n=15, (c) Divisible by 5 but not by 2.

# Not divisible by 2 and 5.

Page | 16

• Types of Loops
1. For Loop
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int i;
for(i=1;i<=10;i++)
{
printf("%d\n",i);
}
//i++ = i=i+1
}
Output: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10.

2. Infinite Loop
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int i;
for(i=1;i>=0;i++)
{
printf("%d\n",i);
}
//i++ = i=i+1
}

Output: 1 to ∞
Page | 17

3. While Loop
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int i=1;
while(i<=5)
{
printf("%d\t", i);
i++;
}
}
Output: 1,2,3,4,5.

4. Do-While loop
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int num=1;
do
{
printf("%d\n",2*num);
num++;
}while(num<=10);
return 0;
}
Output: 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20.
Page | 18

• Case and Switch

Q.1 Write a menu driven program to calculate:

1. Area of a circle = 𝜋𝑟2 𝜋 = 22/7
2. Area of a square = side * side
3. Area of a rectangle = length * breadth

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int n,a=2,b=3;
float c,s,r;
printf("Enter the case\n");
scanf("%d",&n);

switch(n)
{
case 1:
c=3.14*a*a;
printf("Area of a circle =%f",c);
break;
case 2:
s=a*a;
printf("Area of a square =%f",s);
break;
case 3:
r=a*b;
printf("Area of a rectangle =%f",r);
break;
default:
printf("Invalid");
}
}
Output:
Case 1. Area of a circle=12.560000
Case 2. Area of a square=4.000000
Case 3. Area of a rectangle=6.000000
Page | 19

8. DBMS (MS ACCESS)

• Introduction of MS ACCESS
Ms Access is a database management tool that enables one to have good
command of data collected. The program enables one to retrieve, sort,
summarize and report results speedily and effectively. It can combine data
from various files through creating relationships, and can make data entry
more efficient and accurate.

• Access Basics
Access consists of four main database objects: Tables, Queries, Forms,
and Reports. Each object has at least two views, Design and "Data". The
Design View is where we build the structure of that database object. The data
view shows the output of the data and is different for each object.

• Design a Database

Properties

Table
Add & Delete

Design View

Datasheet View
Page | 20

9. Web Page Designing

• Introduction of HTML
HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. It is used to design web
pages using a markup language. HTML is the combination of Hypertext and
Markup language. Hypertext defines the link between the web pages. A
markup language is used to define the text document within tag which defines
the structure of web pages.

• Elements of HTML syntax

The HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:
<tagname>Content goes here...</tagname>

Examples of some HTML elements:

<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph.</p>

• Head & Body Sections

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title></title>

</head>
<body>

<body>
</html>
Page | 21

• Building HTML documents, Inserting texts, Images, Hyperlinks,

Backgrounds and color controls, Different HTML tags, Table layout
and presentation, Use of font size & Attributes, List types and its
tags.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Documentation on HTML</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Introduction to HTLM</h2>
<p>HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. It is used to design web
pages using a markup language. HTML is the combination of Hypertext and Markup
language. Hypertext defines the link between the web pages. A markup language is used
to define the text document within tag which defines the structure of web pages.</p>

<body>
</html>

Output:
Page | 22

• Inserting Images & Hyperlinks

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Documentation on HTML</title>
</head>
<body>

<img src="DCA.jpg" width="500"><br>

<a href="https://www.Google.com">Visit Google.com</a>

<body>
</html>

Output:

Image

Hyperlink
Page | 23

• List types and its tags

1. Order list or Number list
2. Unordered List or Bulleted List (ul)
3. Description List or Definition List (dl)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Documentation on HTML</title>
</head>
<body>

<ol>

<li><font size="+1">Night</font></li>
<li><font size="+1">Day</font></li>
<li><font size="+1">Month</font></li>
<li><font size="+1">Week</font></li>
<li><font size="+1">Year</font></li>

</ol>

<body>
</html>
Output:
1. Night
2. Day
3. Month
4. Week
5. Year
Page | 24

10. Basic Web Development Using JavaScript

• Introduction of Java Script
JavaScript is a lightweight, cross-platform, and interpreted scripting
language. It is well-known for the development of web pages, many non-
browser environments also use it. JavaScript can be used for Client-
side developments as well as Server-side developments. JavaScript contains
a standard library of objects, like Array, Date, and Math, and a core set of
language elements like operators, control structures, and statements.

• If-else
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<script type="text/javascript">
units=123;
if(units<=100)
bill=units*0.40;
if(units<=200)
bill=units*0.50;
if(units<=300)
bill=units*0.60;
document.write("Bill= "+bill);
</script>
</html>

Output:
Bill= 73.8
Page | 25

• Case and Switch

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
var c=parseInt(prompt("Enter the choice"));
switch(c)
{
case 1:
a=parseInt(prompt("Enter the value of Fahrenheit")); //72
f=(a-32)*5/9;
document.write("Celsius Temperature=" +f);
break

case 2:
b=parseInt(prompt("Enter the value of Celsius")); //29
c=(b*9/5)+32;
document.write("Fahrenheit Temperature=" +c);
break

default:
alert("Error")
document.write("Invalid choice");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Output:
1. Celsius Temperature= 22.22222222222222
2. Fahrenheit Temperature= 84.2
Page | 26

• Arrays
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<script type="text/javascript">
var f=[];
var c=[];
var p;
var n=2
for(var i=0;i<n;i++)
{
f[i]=parseFloat(prompt("Enter no.")); //72,19
}
for(var i=0;i<n;i++)
{
p=f[i];
c[i]=parseFloat((p-32)*0.56);
}

for(var i=0;i<n;i++)
{
document.write("Celcius="+c[i]+"<br>");
}

</script>
</html>
Output:
1. Celcius=21.840000000000003
2. Celcius=-7.280000000000001
Page | 27

10. Tally

• Fundamentals of accounting

The fundamentals of accounting include record keeping which is the

primary function of accounting. A business must use standard forms of
storing and retaining information so it can be retrieved when the need for it
arises. Thorough and accurate storage of records is essential for all
transaction-related purposes.

• Introduction of Tally

Tally is an ERP accounting software package used for recording day to day
business data of a company. The latest version of Tally is Tally ERP 9.

Tally ERP 9 software is one acclaimed financial accounting system and

inventory management system with power computer.

Tally ERP 9 is one best accounting software that can integrated with other
business applications such as Sales, Finance, Purchasing, payroll, Inventory
etc.
Page | 28

• Create Company

Create Company

Add Name and Details

Page | 29

• Create Ledgers

Add Ledgers

• Create Voucher

Create Vouchers