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Introduction To Routers

Routes

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22 views

Introduction To Routers

Routes

Uploaded by

Arad Reza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

10/23/2012

Overview

Ch.2 – Introduction to Routers

Students completing this module should be able to:


CCNA 2 version 3.0 • Describe the purpose of the IOS
• Describe the basic operation of the IOS
• Identify various IOS features
• Identify the methods to establish a command-line interface (CLI)
session with the router
• Move between the user command executive (EXEC) and privileged
EXEC modes
• Establish a HyperTerminal session on a router
• Log into a router
• Use the help feature in the command line interface
• Troubleshoot command errors

Cisco IOS Software The purpose of Cisco IOS Software

• As with a computer, a router or switch cannot function without an


operating system.
• Cisco calls its operating system the Cisco Internetwork Operating
System or Cisco IOS.

The Cisco IOS provides the following network services:


• Basic routing and switching functions
• Reliable and secure access to networked resources
• Network scalability

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Router user interface Router user interface modes

• The Cisco IOS software uses a command-line interface


(CLI) as the traditional console environment.
• This environment is accessible through several methods:
– Console • The IOS provides a command interpreter service known as the
command executive (EXEC).
– AUX port (modem) • After each command is entered, the EXEC validates and executes the
– Telnet command.
• The levels are user EXEC mode and privileged EXEC mode.

Cisco IOS software features Cisco IOS software features

• Although there are numerous IOS images for different Cisco device models
and feature sets, the basic configuration command structure is the same.
The naming convention for the different Cisco IOS releases contains three parts:
• The platform on which the image runs
• The special features supported in the image
• Where the image runs and whether it has been zipped or compressed • Use the show version command on the Cisco device to check the current image and
available flash, which also indicates the configuration register setting.

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Operation of Cisco IOS Software Starting a Router

The Cisco IOS devices have three distinct operating environments or modes:
• ROM monitor
• Boot ROM
• Cisco IOS
The show flash command is used to verify that the system has sufficient
memory to load a new Cisco IOS image.

Initial startup of Cisco routers Initial startup of Cisco routers

• When a Cisco router powers up, it performs a power-on self test


(POST).
• During this self test, the router executes diagnostics from ROM on all
hardware modules.
• After the POST, the following events occur as the router initializes:
no

• During the setup process, Ctrl-C can be pressed at any


time to terminate the process.

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Router LED indicators Examining the initial router bootup

• ON: An interface LED indicates the activity of the corresponding


interface.
• OFF: If an LED is off when the interface is active and the interface is
correctly connected, a problem may be indicated.
• ALWAYS ON: If an interface is extremely busy, its LED will always be
on.
• The green OK LED to the right of the AUX port will be on after the no
system initializes correctly

Establishing a HyperTerminal session Establishing a HyperTerminal session

Router

Console port
Terminal or a
PC with
Rollover cable
terminal
emulation
software

Com1 or Com2 serial port =


Take the following steps to connect a terminal to the console port on the router:
• Connect the terminal using the RJ-45 to RJ-45 rollover cable and an RJ-45 to • Important: A console connection is not the same as a
DB-9 or RJ-45 to DB-25 adapter.
• Configure the terminal or PC terminal emulation software for 9600 baud, 8 data network connection!
bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, and no flow control.

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Logging into the router Keyboard help in the router CLI

• Two commands can be used to set a password used to access privileged


EXEC mode: enable password and enable secret
• The following are specific modes that can also be accessed from the global
configuration mode:
– Interface
– Subinterface
– Line
– Router
– Route-map

Keyboard help in the router CLI Enhanced editing commands

• Ctrl-Z is a command used to back out of configuration


mode. This will return the user to the privileged EXEC
mode prompt.

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Router command history Troubleshooting command line errors

• terminal history size: maximum number of


commands is 256

The show version command The show version command


Router>show version
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-D-L), Version 12.0(5), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) IOS Version
Copyright (c) 1986-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Tue 15-Jun-99 20:08 by phanguye
Image text-base: 0x030380DC, data-base: 0x00001000

ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c)XB2, PLATFORM SPECIFIC RELEASE SOFTWARE


(fc1) ROM Version – not usually an issue
BOOTFLASH: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-BOOT-R), Version 11.0(10c)XB2, PLATFORM
SPECIFIC RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)

Router uptime is 49 minutes Router boot information


System restarted by reload
System image file is "flash:c2500-d-l_120-5.bin" Booted this IOS file from flash
cisco 2516 (68030) processor (revision J) with 6144K/2048K bytes of memory.
Processor board ID 10375144, with hardware revision 00000001
Amount of
• IOS version and descriptive information Bridging software.
Model & CPU
RAM memory
• Bootstrap ROM version X.25 software, Version 3.0.0.
Basic Rate ISDN software, Version 1.1.
• Boot ROM version 1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)
• Router up time 14 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 repeater port(s)
2 Serial network interface(s)
Router interfaces
• Last restart method 1 ISDN Basic Rate interface(s)
• System image file and location 32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory. Amount of NVRAM
8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)
• Router platform Amount of Flash
Configuration Register, important for
• Configuration register setting Configuration register is 0x2102
password recovery. Must press space or
• IOS image and boot source. Router> return to get this last line!

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Summary

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