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Simple Machines

This document provides an overview of simple machines for an 8th grade science class. It defines a simple machine as a device that makes work easier by changing the size of forces. It then identifies and describes the six simple machines: inclined plane, screw, wedge, lever, pulley, and wheel and axle. For each machine, examples are given and concepts like mechanical advantage are explained. The goal is for students to understand what simple machines are, how they work, and how they can help perform tasks more easily.

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Ivander Ruben Eliezer
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75 views

Simple Machines

This document provides an overview of simple machines for an 8th grade science class. It defines a simple machine as a device that makes work easier by changing the size of forces. It then identifies and describes the six simple machines: inclined plane, screw, wedge, lever, pulley, and wheel and axle. For each machine, examples are given and concepts like mechanical advantage are explained. The goal is for students to understand what simple machines are, how they work, and how they can help perform tasks more easily.

Uploaded by

Ivander Ruben Eliezer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Science Grade 8

SIMPLE MACHINES
Learning Objectives
• Understand what a simple machine is and
how would it help to make work easier
• Identify six types of simple machines
• Understand the moment of force in lever
and calculate the moment of force to solve
the problem related to the topic
• Describe inclined planes and calculate the
mechanical advantages of inclined planes
• Identify three types of pulley and calculate
its mechanical advantage
What is simple machine?
• We all do work in our daily lives
• Human’s goal : doing work in an easier way
• To achieve that goal  using simple machine
Simple machine is…
• A device or tool that
make human’s work
easier
• It changes the size of
forces, allowing people
to do work with less
muscle effort and
greater speed
The 6 Simple Machines
Inclined Plane Screw Wedge

Lever Pulley Wheel and Axle


INCLINED PLANE
• An inclined plane is a flat surface
that is higher on one end
• It is used to make it easier to move a
weight from a lower to a higher spot

• Example : stairs, escalators, ramp,


ship’s plank
Which of these inclined plane can be used
to move the cart easier?
Which of these inclined plane can be used
to move the cart easier?
Inclined Plane -
Mechanical Advantage

MA =
MECHANICAL ADVANTAGES?
LEVER
A lever is a stiff bar or rod that rests on a support called a fulcrum

A lever is used to push, pull, or lift things


There are 3 types or classes of lever
First Class Lever

Fulcrum is between E (effort) and R (load/resistance force)

MA =
Second Class Lever

R (load) is between fulcrum and E (effort)

MA =
Second Class Lever
 Examples of
second-class
levers include
nut crackers,
wheel barrows,
door handle,
and bottle
openers.
Third Class Lever

E (effort) is between fulcrum and R (load)

MA =
Third Class Lever
 Examples of
third-class
levers include
tweezers, arm,
hammers, and
shovels.
WHEEL AND AXLE
• It consists of a large
wheel rigidly attached
to a small wheel (the
axle)
• When one part turns
the other also does
• Fan blades are
attached to the
wheel. When the axle
turns, the fan blades
spin.
• The mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle is the ratio of
the radius of the wheel to the radius of the axle

5
1

• The radius of the wheel is five times larger than the radius of
the axle. Therefore, the mechanical advantage is 5:1 or 5

Bicycle wheels Roller skates

Door knob
SCREW
A screw is an incline planed wrapped around a
cylinder or cone

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