SOCIAL STUDIES

GRADE 8-9
REVISION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

CHIPO KALIMINA
CONTENTS

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS ..................................... 1

ANSWERS .................................... 43
SECTION B QUESTIONS .................................... 46
ANSWERS .................................... 63
SECTION C QUESTIONS .................................... 75
ANSWERS ..................................... 79

STUDY TIPS

SECTION A.

The key to doing well in multiple choice questions is going through a lot of
questions from past papers and pamphlets. Go through as many questions
as possible on each topic.

SECTION B & C

As you study your notes, try to summarize what you have studied in point
form highlighting the key ideas of that topic. Immediately you are done
with a particular topic, answer as many questions as possible on that topic
from past papers and pamphlets. This pamphlet will be helpful!

Any mistakes are ‘human error’.

ALL THE BEST!!!!

Mr 6points

Mr 6points

i © Mr 6points
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
SECTION A
Study the map of Zambia below and answer questions 1 to 3.

1 What is the name of the river marked A?

A Chambeshi
B Kafue
C Luangwa
D Luapula
2 Which pair of lakes shown on the map is rich in small serdine (kapenta)
fish?
A Bangweulu and Mweru
B Bangweulu and Kariba
C Kariba and Tanganyika
D Mweru and Tanganyika
3 Which of the following minerals shown on the map is mined west of
Lake Kariba?
A Coal
B Copper
C Nikel
D Zinc

1 © Mr 6points
Study the diagram below and answer question 4.

4 What element of weather is measured by the instrument in the

diagram?
A Cloud cover
B Humidity
C Rainfall
D Wind direction
5 Study the table below and answer questions 5 to 7

The main farming system associated with the land use in the table is ...
A extensive cattle rearing.
B intensive rice cultivation.
C shifting cultivation.
D settled cultivation.
6 Which of the following crops in the table is classified as a 'cereal’?
A Cotton
B Groundnuts
C Maize
D Sunflower

2 © Mr 6points
7 The main reason why 5% of land is left to fallow is to allow ...
A for crop rotation.
B land to provide pasture.
C moisture to accumulate
D vegetation to regrow
8 Study the pie chart below and answer questions 8.

Which of the following sectors is represented by X?

A Domestic use
B Food processing
C Mining
D Motor assembly
9 Study the table below and answer questions 9 to 13.

Which province has the largest population?

A Copperbelt
B Lusaka
C Northern
D Southern
3 © Mr 6points
10 What is the population density of Luapula Province ...
A 5.8 persons per square kilometre.
B 11.9 persons per square kilometre.
C 20.0 persons per square kilometre.
D 62.5 persons per square kilometre.
11 Which of the following has contributed to Zambia's fast population
growth?
A Improved health
B High influx of refugees
C High life expectancy
D Stable political environment
12 What problem is likely to affect Lusaka due to its population explosion?
A Hunger
B Disease
C Shortage of housing
D Shortage of grave site
13 Which of the following is a 'push' factor in the migration process?
A Civil war
B Educational services
C Fertile soils
D Religious conflict
14 Narrating or recording events that happened in the past is called ...
A ancient remains.
B anthropology.
C history.
D pre-history.
15 Which periods of time are arranged in chronological order?
A 2500 BC, 300 BC, AD 200, AD 1640
B 2500 BC, AD 1640, 300 BC, AD 200
C AD 200, 300 BC, AD 1640, 2500 BC
D AD 1640, AD 200, 300 BC, 2500 BC

4 © Mr 6points
16 The period of ten years is referred to as ...
A century.
B decade.
C millennium.
D year.
17 Both plant and animal life began in the ....
A forest.
B mountains.
C rocks.
D sea.
18 To which family of creatures did the Dinosaurs belong?
A Amphibians
B Apes
C Mammals
D Reptiles
19 At which archaeological site in East Africa did Doctor Louis Leakey do
most of his work?
A Fort Terman
B Olduvai Gorge
C Rusinga Island
D Taung
20 Which of the following tools was associated with the early stone-age
period?
A Bow and arrow
B Cleaver
C Hoes
D Microliths
21 Barter system of trade was common among the ...
A early stone age people.
B iron age people.
C late stone age people.
D middle stone age people.

5 © Mr 6points
22 Among the Tonga, who ensured that crops grew well and the
community was well looked after?
A Bulongo
B Sikatongo
C Ulanyika
D Virolocal

23 What name was given to societies with well arranged political positions
such as Indunas, Village headmen, sub-chiefs and chiefs?
A Centralised societies
B Decentralised societies
C Organised societies
D Stratified societies

24 Name the two Bemba leaders that led the kingdom to its greatest
extent?
A Chepela and Chitapankwa
B Chiti and Katongo
C Muluba and Nkole
D Mwamba and Chipoya

25 Which clan in Undi's kingdom was responsible for religious rituals?

A Banda clan
B Ndhlovu clan
C Phiri clan
D Zimba clan

26 Which of the following correctly lists the items of trade from the new
world to Europe during the Atlantic slave Trade?
A Cloth, cotton, guns
B Liquor, guns, cloth
C Sugar, cotton, tobacco
D Sugar, liquor, slaves

6 © Mr 6points
27 Why did the European powers hold the Berlin conference in 1884 - 85?
A In order to get raw materials in Africa
B To avoid conflicts among themselves during the scramble for Africa
C To find better ways of trading with African chiefs
D To make the major rivers of Africa navigable

28 Which two explorers met at Ujiji in 1871?

A Doctor De Lacerda and David Livingstone
B Francis Coillard and Father Duport
C Henry Morton Stanley and David Livingstone
D Robert Moffat and David Livingstone

29 A document released to the BSA Company in 1890 that explained its

powers was called ...
A federal constitution.
B pacified memorandum.
C pioneer column.
D royal charter.

30 All independent churches in Central Africa between 1890 and 1915

preached against ...
A colonial injustices.
B loss of land.
C taxation.
D white missionaries.

31 Zambia was a member of the Central African Federation together

with …
A Democratic Republic of Congo and Tanzania.
B Malawi and Zimbabwe.
C Tanzania and Zimbabwe.
D Zimbabwe and South Africa.

7 © Mr 6points
32 What talks led to the independence of Zimbabwe?
A Benson talks
B Lancaster House talks
C Phelps Stokes talks
D White Head talks
33 Choose the correct Independence Day that corresponds with each of
the three countries below.
Malawi Zambia Zimbabwe
A 6th July, 1964 24th October, 1964 18th April, 1980
B 24th July, 19641 7th December, 1953 24th October, 1971
C 7th January, 1963 24th October, 1962 12th October, 1980
D 4th March, 1964 28th October, 1964 18th April, 1980
34 Civics is the study of our political, cultural and economic environment
and teaches us a wide range of issues. Which of the following is a
political and legal issue?
A Creation and distribution of wealth
B Electoral systems to elect leaders
C Factors of production and trade
D How people live and interact

35 In 1961 the struggle for independence in Northern Rhodesia reached

its peak and a lot of people participated in various activities such as
chachacha. In which part of the country did the chachacha campaign
take place?
A Muchinga and Southern Provinces
B Northern and Luapula Provinces
C Northern and Copperbelt Provinces
D Western and Northern
36 Which feature on the Zambian coat of arms represent Zambia's fertile
land?
A Hoe B Maize cob
C Mine shaft D Pick

8 © Mr 6points
37 Which of the following is a characteristic of democratic governance?
A Elections are not free and fair
B Opposition parties cannot be formed
C People are made to vote for one party during elections
D Respect for rule of law and human rights

38 What is the difference between a rigid constitution and a flexible

constitution?
A Flexible constitution is democratic while rigid constitution is not
democratic.
B Flexible constitution is always written while rigid constitution is
not.
C Rigid constitution is always found in monarchies while flexible
constitution is found in every type of governance.
D Rigid constitution cannot be amended by members of parliament
while flexible constitution can.

39 Which of the following social institutions encourage the practice of

some gender roles as sex roles?
A Church
B Factory
C Hospital
D Parliament

40 A good citizen is one that is proud of his nation and will show his pride
in many ways like wearing national colours during national sports
events. Which one of the following is not a quality of a good citizen?
A Honesty and integrity
B Loyalty to their country
C No respect for human rights
D Sense of patriotism

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41 Which of the following shows the correct order of the structure of most
political parties in Zambia starting from the lowest committee to the
highest committee?
A Constituency, District, National, Provincial
B Constituency, District, Provincial, National
C District, Constituency, Provincial, National
D National, Provincial, District, Constituency

42 A paper given to electorates at the polling station which shows names

and symbols of candidates is called ... paper.
A ballot
B campaign
C electorate
D nomination

43 Which one of the following is not a function of legislature?

A Develop plans for national development
B Providing advice to the executive on various issues
C Reviewing and passing all new laws
D Tabling proposed laws in parliament

44 In a local government election, the party that wins most wards controls
a ...
A council.
B constituency.
C district.
D section.

45 The house of chiefs was re-established in 2003 under article 130 of the
1996 constitution. The aim of this was to ...
A increase the powers of chiefs to administer customary issue.
B prevent chiefs from participating in partisan politics.
C promote decentralisation of the local government system.
D uplift the status of chiefs in Zambia.

10 © Mr 6points
46 Paying tax is one of the duties of a citizen. What does the term tax
mean?
A Money paid to the government by citizens so that it can carry out
its work.
B Money paid to the government by citizens to buy foreign exchange.
C Money paid by citizens to feed the nation.
D Money paid to government by citizens to support the national
team.

47 Mr Fafadwa who works for Dream Land Enterprise gets a salary of

K1 800.00. He has debts amounting to K3 000.00. This type of budget is
referred to as ...
A budget deficit.
B budget equilibrium.
C budget overview.
D budget surplus.

48 Which element of international trade helps to protect goods against

risks while in transit?
A Advertising
B Insurance
C Quotas
D Transport

49 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) contains civil and

political rights as well as ...
A civil, social and cultural rights.
B economic, social and cultural rights.
C political, social and economic rights.
D political, social and civil rights.

11 © Mr 6points
50 Conflicts can be described as disagreements among individuals, groups
or nations. What term is used to describe the process of settling
conflicts through discussions?
A Equality
B Negotiation
C Resolution
D Peace

51 The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) was
established to create big economic environments within the region in
order to attract and assure local and foreign investors while Southern
Africa Development Community (SADC) was established to ...
A bring economic cooperation among member states.
B promote cooperation between Africa and the rest of the world.
C promote cooperation among member states.
D promote issues related to political cooperation.

52 The Red Cross is an organisation that works to reduce human suffering.

It operates in all parts of the world. In Muslim countries, it is called …
A Jaycees.
B Oxfam.
C Red Crescent.
D Rotary International.

53 The United Nations power of veto is found in the Security Council.

What does the term veto mean?
A Decide which country must join the United Nations.
B Prevent an action from being taken.
C Select the secretary general of the United Nations.
D Supervise the work of specialised agencies.

12 © Mr 6points
Study the map of Zambia below and answer questions 54 to 58.

54 What is the name of the river marked E?

A Chambeshi
B Lukusashi
C Lukutu
D Lunsemfwa
55 Name town F?
A Chama
B Chinsali
C Chipata
D Lundazi
56 What is the name of the escarpment G?
A Batoka
B Gwembe
C Muchinga
D Zambezi
57 What physical feature is located at H?
A Kashinji plains
B Liuwa plains
C Luena flats
D Silowana plains
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58 What is the name of the feature I?
A Itezhi tezhi Dam
B Kafue Gorge
C Kariba Dam
D Mulungushi Dam

59 Which one of the following breeds of cattle is used in dairy farming?

A Afrikander
B Boran
C Fresian
D Hereford

60 What type of Power Station is found in Kasempa?

A Geo thermal.
B Hydro electric power.
C Thermal.
D Wind
61 The name of the railway connecting Kapiri Mposhi to Nakonde is …
A Choma - Masuku.
B Livingstone - Kitwe.
C Mulobezi- Livingstone.
D Tanzania - Zambia.

62 The major species of fish caught in Lake Tanganyika are ...

A Bream and Barbel.
B Chisense and Pike.
C Kapenta and Nile Perch.
D Mudsucker and Bottle nose.

63 The Mulobezi railway line was constructed to transport ...

A farm produce.
B minerals.
C passengers.
D timber.

14 © Mr 6points
64 Which one of the following is not a major use of coal?
A Fueling rockets into space.
B Generating electricity.
C Marking of chemical products.
D Raising steam power.
65 The greatest advantage of hydro electricity over wood fuel is that it …
A can be generated any where.
B can be transported across national boundaries.
C is free.
D is inexhaustible.
66 Which one of the following towns is not served by an international
airport?
A Kitwe
B Lusaka
C Livingstone
D Ndola
67 What type of industry is cotton ginning?
A Manufacturing
B Primary
C Processing
D Tertiary
68 Learning about the past is important to society because it helps ...
A to become better politicians.
B to develop the mining industry.
C to understand people and society.
D societies become educated.
69 BC and AD helps us to show periods of time ...
A before and after the birth of Christ.
B concerning the birth and death of Christ.
C during the Anno Domino.
D when Christ was an earth.
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70 The 'Big bang' theory is associated with …
A discoveries made at oldurai gorge.
B the beginning of life on earth.
C the discovery of In'gombe Ilede.
D the origin of the earth.

Study the diagram below and answer questions 71 and 72.

Australopithecus
71 Name the Archaeologist who discovered the remains of the creature
in the picture.
A Charles Darwin
B Doctor Louis Leakey
C Professor Desmond Clark
D Professor Raymond Dart
72 What nickname was given to the creature in the picture above.
A Handy man
B Neanderthal man
C Nutcracker man
D Southern Ape man

16 © Mr 6points
73 To which of the early creatures are the facts below referring?
− He lived in the middle stone age
− His skull was discovered in Kabwe in 1921.
A Broken Hillman
B Bushman
C Homo-habilis
D Zinjathropus

Study the picture below and answer question 74.

74 Name the hunting tool being used in the picture.

A Bow and arrow
B Catapult
C Muzzle loader
D throwing stone

75 What important item did the people of in'gombe ilede sell to the
outside world?
A Cloth
B Ivory
C Copper
D Salt

17 © Mr 6points
76 The Tonga, Ila and Lenje are examples of ... societies.
A centralized
B decentralized
C matrilineal
D patrilineal

77 Matrilineal system of succession among the Bantu people encouraged

succession based on the ... lineage.
A father's
B mother's
C uncle's
D auntie's

78 The practice by most centralised kingdoms of complete control of trade

activities was called ...
A centralized trade.
B long distance trade.
C trade monopoly.
D tribute system.

79 The Chitimukulu who introduced reforms among the Bemba was ...
A Chileshe Chepela.
B Chitapankwa sosala.
C Mubanga Chipoya.
D Nkole Mukulumpe.

80 Which of the following ideas helped the growth of slave trade by 16th
century?
A It was a process of colonisation.
B Need for domestic servants.
C Need to make Africa more popular.
D The need to educate Africans on hygiene.

18 © Mr 6points
81 The two explorers that mapped most of southern and central Africa
were ...
A David Livingstone and Henry Morton Stanley.
B John Speke and James Grant.
C Mungo park and Hung Clappertone.
D Richard Burton and John Lander.

82 At which of the following conferences was the partition of Africa done?

A Berlin Conference.
B London Conference.
C Mulungushi Conference.
D Yalta Conference.

83 Which of the following women activists took part in the liberation

struggle for Northern Rhodesia?
A Mama Betty Kaunda and Mama Nkandu Luo
B Mama Edith Nawakwi and Mama Jean Kapata
C Mama Inonge Wina and Mama Maureen Mwanawasa
D Mama Julia Chikamoneka and Mama Chibesakunda Kankasa

84 The primary aim of Welfare Association was to ..

A fight against segregation.
B fight for federation.
C fight for independence.
D improve welfare association.

85 The political party that has been ruling Zimbabwe since independence
is ...
A African National Congress (ANC).
B Malawi Congress Party (MCP).
C Zimbabwe African National Union - Patriotic Front (ZANU - PF).
D Zimbabwe African Peoples Union (ZAPU).

19 © Mr 6points
86 The Zambian borders were drawn by the British between ...
A 1890 and 1911.
B 1895 and 1911.
C 1897 and 1912.
D 1900 and 1924.
87 One of the aims of Civic Education is to guide and encourage all citizens
to have self respect, respect for others as well as ...
A knowing one's past heritage and understand the future.
B taking care of ones' self and family.
C understanding the spiritual and moral values of human beings.
D understanding the spiritual and moral values of human beings.

88 Which of the Zambian symbols of National identity appears on all

government letters and is shown on the cars of high ranking
government officers?
A Coat of arms
B Eagle
C Flag
D National Anthem
89 Which of the following is an international organisation that promotes
good governance?
A Amnesty
B Anti corruption
C League of nations
D United Nations

90 In a situation where the constitution is unwritten like in the villages, the

residents are expected to behave in a certain way. They follow the rules
called ...
A Bills.
B Laws.
C Norms.
D Values.
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91 The qualification of Zambian citizenship that requires one to apply to
the citizenship Board of Zambia after living continuously for ten years is
referred to as …
A Adoption.
B Birth.
C Descent.
D Registration.

92 Which of the following is not an example of an ideology of a political

party?
A Communism
B Constitutionalism
C Environmentalism
D Globalisation

93 The type of elections that are held after a mandatory term of office has
expired for the office bearers are called ...
A By-elections.
B Local government.
C Parliamentary.
D General.
94 Which of the following best describes the correct function of the three
branches of government?
Executive Judiciary Legislature
A Enforce laws Make laws Interprets laws
B Enforce laws Interprets laws Make laws
C Make laws Enforce laws Interprets laws
D Provide guidance Interprets laws Make laws
95 In which year was the House of chiefs re-established in Zambia?
A 1991
B 1996
C 2003
D 2006

21 © Mr 6points
96 A Zambian agency that is responsible for overseeing actors related to
controlling money laundering is ...
A Anti-Corruption Commission.
B Anti money laundering investigations unit.
C Drug enforcement commission of Zambia.
D Zambia Police Service.
97 A budget that helps to ensure that enough money comes in to cover
different types of expenses is known as ... budget.
A balanced
B family
C individual
D national
98 A Concept used to refer to a manufacturer using a name or other
identifying characteristics to deceive consumers into thinking they are
buying the product of a competitor is referred to as ...
A predatory pricing.
B trademark infringement.
C trade label.
D unfair competition.
99 The type of right that requires the government to provide its citizen
with the promotion against having basic things in life is ...
A civil and political rights.
B collective rights.
C economical rights.
D social and cultural rights.
100 Corruption due to complicated legal requirements and long processes
in starting up business or drivers licenses is referred to as ...
A complex laws and procedures.
B competition for governance position.
C greed on the part of government officials.
D poverty of government officials.
22 © Mr 6points
101 The cause of conflict that comes as a result of different views on the
status of certain groups such as different ethnic groups is referred to
as ...
A cultural inequality.
B desire for power.
C economic inequality.
D social inequality.

102 Regional organisation can be explained as an organisation ...

A founded in order to promote economic development.
B founded and created to promote the ideals of democracy.
C whose members belong to a certain geographical region.
D whose members belong to the same country.

Study the picture below showing the emblem of the United Nations (UN)
and answer questions 103 to 105.

103 What do the olive branches on the United Nations emblem symbolize?
A Harmony
B Love
C Peace
D Unity

23 © Mr 6points
104 The area of concern of the United Nations in its purpose 'Peace and
Security' is shown by ...
A Emblem.
B Map of Africa.
C Olive Branches.
D World map.

105 Which of the following countries is not a permanent member of the

security council?
A Britain
B China
C France
D Germany

Study the diagram below and answer question 106.

106 What is the name of the weather apparatus above?

A Anemometer
B Barometer
C Hygrometer
D Thermometer

24 © Mr 6points
Study the farming tools below and answer questions 107 and 108.

107 The main farming system associated with these hand tools is ...
A extensive cattle rearing.
B intensive rice cultivation.
C settled cultivation.
D shifting cultivation.
108 Which of these crops are grown under the farming system mentioned
in question 107?
A Beans, groundnuts, sorghum, millet
B Groundnuts, rice, millet sorghum
C Millet, wheat, sorghum, groundnuts
D Wheat, barley, millet, sorghum
Study the map below and answer questions 109 to 111.

25 © Mr 6points
109 The main reason the shaded area X does not favour cattle rearing is
that ...
A the area is too dry and hot for animals.
B there are few people to provide market for animal products.
C the surrounding mountains provide inadequate pasture.
D tsetse flies spread diseases for animals in the area.

110 Lake Y was formed as a result of ...

A erosion of the land by water
B man blocking the water on the river.
C removal of upper soil by wind.
D sinking of land between the faults.

111 The main use of river Z is ...

A domestic water supply.
B provision of electricity.
C purposes of irrigation.
D tourism purposes.

112 Urban areas are densely populated because of the following reasons
except ...
A employment opportunities.
B improved medical facilities.
C more tertiary education facilities.
D well developed agricultural methods.

113 Which one of the following is a "pull factor" in the migration process?
A employment opportunities.
B poor health facilities.
C shortage of grave sites.
D shortage of housing.

26 © Mr 6points
114 Which of the following were forms of writing in ancient times ...
A artefacts, fossil and shading.
B diaries, dictionaries and Encyclopedia.
C scrolls, papyrus and hieroglyphics.
D written records, libraries and caved stones.

115 What event in history separates the period BC and AD?

A Beginning of life in the sea
B Birth of Christ
C Death of Christ
D Evolution of the Earth

116 The earliest evidence of living organisms on earth was in form of ...
A giant reptiles.
B homo-sapiens.
C multi-cellular organisms.
D single celled organisms.

117 Why do humans and some species of Apes share many similarities?
It is because they have common ...
A ancestors.
B dental formula.
C diet.
D skeleton.

118 The advantage the Middle Stone-Age man had over the earlier
creatures was the ability to ...
A hunt bigger animals.
B make and use fire.
C make and use iron tools.
D sleep in caves.

27 © Mr 6points
Study the picture below and answer question 119.

119 What method of hunting is depicted in the picture?

A Chasing the animal in the direction of hiding men.
B Dressing in animal skins and pretend to be animals.
C Rapping the animal method.
D Using the hunting dogs.

Study the picture below and answer question 120.

120 In which period during the development of man were the items
depicted above used?
A Early Stone Age
B Iron Age
C Late Stone Age
D Middle Stone Age

28 © Mr 6points
Study the picture below and answer questions 121 and 122.

121 Identify the river marked T on the map.

A Euphrates
B Niger
C Nile
D Tigris

122 Which letter on the map represents a region called Mesopotamia?

A P
B Q
C R
D S

123 Ukusefya pa N'gwena' is an annual traditional ceremony associated

with ...
A Chitimukulu.
B Litunga.
C Mpezeni.
D Mwata Kazembe.

29 © Mr 6points
Study the picture below and answer question 124.

124 Name the imperialist depicted in the picture who had the dream of
controlling Africa.
A David Livingstone
B Henry Mortan Stanley
C John Cecil Rhodes
D Roy Welensky
Study the picture below and answer questions 125 and 126.

125 Which country did the man depicted in the picture lead to
independence?
A Angola
B Malawi
C South Africa
D Zimbabwe

30 © Mr 6points
126 For how many years did he rule his country?
A 15 years
B 20 years
C 28 years
D 38 years

127 In which year did North Western Rhodesia come under the direct rule
of the British South African (BSA) Company.
A 1890
B 1895
C 1897
D 1899

128 The members of various clubs in Nasankha village usually come

together to freely discuss and offer solutions to challenges affecting
them in the community. This is good example of ... democracy.
A centralised
B direct
C indirect
D representative

129 What concept is used to explain the changing of a constitution?

A Amendment
B Enactment
C Legislation
D Referendum

130 Marjory qualified to obtain her National Registration Card (NRC) in

2019. In which year was Marjory born?
A 2000
B 2002
C 2003
D 2005

31 © Mr 6points
131 A document that contains policies, principles ideas, opinions and
strategies of a political party is known as a ...
A Charter.
B Covenant.
C Hansard.
D Manifesto.

132 Which electoral stage comes before and after nomination of candidates?
A Election campaign
B Polling day
C Registration of voters
D Verification of results

133 The title given to a Member of Parliament who is charged with the
responsibility of maintaining discipline in the House is called the ...
A Chief Whip.
B Opposition Leader.
C Speaker.
D Sergeant at Arms.

134 The principle which states that Cabinet Ministers must work together
and speak with one voice is known as ...
A collective bargaining.
B collective responsibility.
C community responsibility.
D community service.

135 Similundu was found guilty of having insulted his neighbour. The courts
of law made him serve his sentence outside prison. What punishment
was this man given?
A A Writ of Habeas Corpus.
B Freedom to trespass.
C Suspended sentence.
D Concurrent sentence.

32 © Mr 6points
136 The Chief Administrative Officer of a City Council is called the ...
A Council Chairman.
B Council Secretary.
C Mayor.
D Town Clerk.
137 Musole fought with his wife Enala over a domestic issue. Enala rushed
to the kitchen to pick up a knife which she used to stab her husband to
death. In which category does the right violated in this case fall?
A Civil and Political Rights
B Collective Rights
C Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
D Third Generation Rights

138 The kind of conflict which causes tension between employers and
employees is referred to as ... conflict.
A confrontation
B class
C domestic
D gender

139 Which priority area of the activities of the United Nations is reflected in
the organisation of emergency relief in form of food, water and shelter
in countries affected by war?
A Education
B Health
C Humanitarian work
D Peace keeping

140 Which of the following crops is a cereal?

A Cotton
B Groundnuts
C Maize
D Sunflower

33 © Mr 6points
Study the picture below and answer questions 141 and 142.

141 What is the name of the crop grown in irrigated area P?

A Cotton
B Groundnuts
C Maize
D Sugarcane

142 What is the name of the farming area practiced in irrigated area P?
A Kawambwa plantation
B Mpongwe plantation
C Mununshi plantation
D Nakambala plantation
143 Which of the following factors does not affect population distribution?
A Distance
B Natural resource
C Rainfall
D Relief
144 Which of the following is a positive effect of rapid population growth?
A Availability of labour
B Overcrowding
C Poor sanitation
D Scramble for resources
34 © Mr 6points
145 Gathering information about the social organisation and cultural values
of a particular society to help explain the past is called ...
A anthropology.
B archaeology.
C genetics
D palaeontology.

146 Which one of the following calculations correctly changes the year AD
184 to a century?
A AD 184
+ 1
2nd Century

B AD 184
+ 1
19th Century

C AD 184
+ 1
17th Century

D AD 184
+ 1
5th Century

147 Bantu languages and cultures developed from the ...

A Great Lakes region.
B Katanga region.
C Niger/Buenue region.
D Nile valley region.

35 © Mr 6points
Study the picture below and answer questions 148 and 149.

148 What term is used to refer to the stages of development shown in the
picture?
A Advancement
B Evolution
C Reincarnation
D Revolution
149 The archaeologist responsible for the study of the developmental
process shown in the picture is ...
A Charles Darwin.
B Desmond Clark.
C Dr Louis Leakey.
D Professor Raymond Dart.

150 In a Lenje society, if a chief died, he would be succeeded by his

brother's eldest son or nephew. This type of succession is called ...
A matrilineal.
B patrilineal.
C uxorilocal.
D virolocal.

36 © Mr 6points
151 Clan names such as 'Bene Mbwa', the dog clan', 'Bene Nguni', 'the bird
clan' and Bene Nkalamu, the lion clan' are associated with the ... people.
A Bemba
B Ila
C Lenje
D Soli
Study the picture below and answer questions 152 and 153.

152 Name the centralised state that dominated the shaded region on the
map by the mid 19th Century.
A Bemba Kingdom
B Kazembe Kingdom
C Mwatayamvo Kingdom
D Undi Kingdom

37 © Mr 6points
153 What is the hereditary title for the rulers of the kingdom located in the
shaded region on the map?
A Chitimukulu
B Gawa Undi
C Litunga
D Mwata Kazembe
Study the picture below and answer questions 154 and 155.

154 What missionary group did the man depicted in the picture work for?
A Livingstonia Missions
B London Missionary Society (LMS)
C Paris Evangelical Missionary Society (PEMS)
D Universities Missions to Central Africa (UMCA)

38 © Mr 6points
155 Why did he take up the exploration work of Central Africa? He wanted ...
A africans to know more about Europeans.
B to introduce imperialism.
C to introduce slave trade.
D to spread Christianity.

156 The main reason for Africans in Southern Rhodesia to support the idea
of the federation was to ...
A benefit from the copper resources of Northern Rhodesia.
B ensure that they gained their independence quickly.
C help the settlers achieve the idea of amalgamation.
D share the idea of African paramountcy that existed in Northern
Rhodesia.

157 Which political parties were led by Kenneth Kaunda in Northern

Rhodesia?
A UNIP and ANC
B UNIP and UPF
C UNIP and UPP
D UNIP and ZANC

158 The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland was formally dissolved on ...
A 20th August, 1961.
B 1st October, 1964.
C 24th October, 1964.
D 31st December, 1963.

159 Which one of the following is not a symbol of national identity in

Zambia?
A Coat of Arms
B Flag
C National Anthem
D Victoria Falls

39 © Mr 6points
160 The concept of rule of law means that …
A all citizens are equal before the law.
B government leaders are above the law.
C the law must be selective.
D the law was meant to punish offenders only.
161 Which one of the following can be used to amend Part III of Zambia's
Constitution containing the Bill of Rights?
A Conducting a referendum
B Constituent Assembly
C Holding General Elections
D Through amendment by the National Assembly
162 During the Heroes and Unity Day, citizens of Zambia painted their faces
using colours found on the Zambian flag to show ...
A cooperation.
B decoration.
C excitement.
D patriotism.
163 Laws made by Local Councils are called ...
A Acts of Parliament.
B Bills.
C By-laws.
D Statutes.
Study the following table and answer question 164.

A Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Collective Rights

Right to life Right to work anywhere Right to nationality

164 Which category of rights is labelled A?

A Civil and political rights
B Group rights
C Human rights
D Third generation rights

40 © Mr 6points
165 Jumbe appointed his brother as managing director when he had no
qualifications. What form of corruption did he commit?
A Bribery
B Cronyism
C Fraud
D Nepotism
Study the picture below and answer questions 166 and 167.

A mother in conflict with her daughter

166 What form of conflict is depicted in the picture?

A Class conflict
B Community conflict
C Family conflict
D Gender conflict

167 Which peaceful method would be used to resolve the conflict?

A Arbitration
B Mediation
C Negotiation
D Reconciliation

41 © Mr 6points
168 Musa paid K5.00 for a chocolate sweet last month but the price later
increased to K6.00. In monetary terms, this increase in the cost of a
chocolate is called ...
A deflation
B depression
C equilibrium.
D inflation
169 Which of the following taxes is collected from mining companies by
the Zambian government as revenue?
A Personal Levy
B Royalties
C Sales Tax
D Value Added Tax
170 One of the functions of the African Union (AU) is to …
A harmonise the member state policies.
B promote continental peace.
C promote worldwide trade.
D settle disputes in the world.

42 © Mr 6points
SUGGESTED ANSWERS
1 A 16 B 31 B 46 A

2 C 17 D 32 B 47 A

3 A 18 D 33 A 48 B

4 D 19 B 34 B 49 B

5 D 20 B 35 B 50 C

6 C 21 B 36 B 51 A

7 D 22 B 37 D 52 C

8 C 23 A 38 D 53 B

9 B 24 A 39 A 54 D

10 C 25 C 40 C 55 A

11 A 26 C 41 B 56 D

12 C 27 B 42 A 57 C

13 A 28 C 43 A 58 A

14 C 29 D 44 A 59 C

15 A 30 A 45 C 60 B

43 © Mr 6points
SUGGESTED ANSWERS
61 D 76 B 91 D 106 C

62 C 77 B 92 D 107 C

63 D 78 C 93 D 108 A

64 A 79 A 94 B 109 D

65 D 80 B 95 C 110 D

66 A 81 A 96 B 111 A

67 C 82 A 97 A 112 D

68 C 83 D 98 B 113 A

69 A 84 A 99 D 114 C

70 D 85 C 100 A 115 B

71 D 86 A 101 D 116 D

72 D 87 D 102 C 117 A

73 A 88 A 103 C 118 B

74 A 89 A 104 D 119 C

75 D 90 C 105 D 120 B

44 © Mr 6points
SUGGESTED ANSWERS
121 C 136 D 151 C 166 C

122 A 137 A 152 A 167 C

123 A 138 B 153 A 168 D

124 C 139 C 154 B 169 B

125 D 140 C 155 D 170 B

126 D 141 D 156 D

127 B 142 D 157 D

128 D 143 A 158 D

129 A 144 A 159 D

130 C 145 A 160 A

131 D 146 A 161 A

132 A 147 C 162 D

133 D 148 B 163 C

134 B 149 A 164 A

135 C 150 B 165 D

45 © Mr 6points
SECTION B QUESTIONS
1. Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow;
Commercial livestock rearing is largely practised along the line of
railway although pockets of rearing also take place country wide.
There are different types of animals and birds kept on the farms.
The distribution of the activity is influenced by many factors.

A Mention two types of commercial livestock farming practised in

Zambia.
B Name two regions which are important for commercial livestock
farming in Zambia.
C Name two breeds of cattle kept for milk production in Zambia.
D State two factors which favour poultry farming along the line of rail
in Zambia.
E State two problems facing commercial livestock farming in Zambia.

2. Study the map given and answer the questions that follow.

46 © Mr 6points
A Name the Early Iron Age trading centre marked A.
B What was the main trading item found at area marked A?
C What mission station was established at the place marked B?
D Which missionary society was responsible for its establishment?
E The site marked C is famous for rock paintings. Name the site.
F What type of painting was found at site marked C?
G The kingdom marked D is one of the examples of a break-away
kingdom. Name the kingdom it broke away from.
H What was its capital?
I Name the important rain making shrines at kingdom marked D
J Which explorer was responsible for the colonisation of the state
marked E?

3. Study the picture of an eagle below found on some of our symbols of

national identity and answer the questions that follow.

A What type of an eagle is shown above?

B Mention two symbols of the national identity on which the above
picture is found.
C Write the words of line number three in the third verse of the
National Anthem which refers to the eagle.
D State three ways by which citizens show respect towards symbols of
national identity.
E Give two reasons why it is very important for an individual to belong
to a nation.
F What does the eagle as a symbol of national identity represent?

47 © Mr 6points
4. Study the map of Zambia below and answer the questions that follow

A Name border town A.

B What is the name of lake B?

C Name the National Park C.

D What type of lake is B?

E Give two reasons why the area around town A has high population
concentration.

F State two reasons why National Park C is an important tourist

attraction?

G Name two institutions which distribute and supply electricity.

48 © Mr 6points
5. Study the map below and answer the questions that follow.

A Name the continent marked A.

B Mention one type of goods that was brought to continent A.
C What goods were taken to continent B?
D Who discovered the Islands marked C?
E What name was given to the trade that involved the three continents
labelled A, B, and D?
F Why was it given the name mentioned in E?
G Name the place marked D where most of the voyages of discovery
started from.
H In which year did Vasco da Gama arrive at the place marked E?
I Which explorer was the first European to reach area F?
J What name did he give to the area marked F?

49 © Mr 6points
6. In Chabwino, the date of elections was announced by the President.
Sibeso Zulu woke up early in the morning to prepare herself to go and
vote. She carried the necessary documents required in the voting
process. Sibeso quickly went to the place where she was registered to
cast her vote.
A What is the day of elections called?
B State the time when voting begins and ends.
C Which two documents did Sibeso Zulu carry to enable her to vote?
D What is the name given to a place where registered voters go to
vote?
E Who is in charge of the place mentioned in question D above?
F The minimum age for a qualified voter in Zambia is?
G The elections in which Sibeso Zulu participated were declared free
and fair. State two reasons for the importance of free and fair
elections.

7. Study the diagrams (i) and (ii) below and answer the questions that follow.

50 © Mr 6points
A Name one tree species from diagram (i) and one from diagram (ii).
B Name two areas on the Copperbelt province where tree species in
diagram (i) are found.
C Give two reasons why the areas mentioned in question B are
suitable for the growth of trees.
D State two benefits of the trees mentioned in diagram (ii).
E Explain two differences between the trees of diagram (i) and (ii).

8. Study the diagrams I and II below and answer the questions that follow.

A Name the historical site shown in the diagram above.

B In which year was the site above discovered?
C Which tribe is associated with this site?
D Who excavated archaeological remains at this site.
E Mention one item which proved that international trade was
conducted at the site.
F On which river was this trade conducted?
G What was the most important local trading item at this site?
H Explain one reason traders preferred the above trading site.
I Name two trading items which came from the surrounding area.
51 © Mr 6points
9. Study the diagrams I and II below and answer the questions that follow.

A Mention the first capital of Northern Rhodesia located at A.

B Why was the capital moved to site B in 1935?
C Which British private company built the rail ine shown on the map?
D Identify two ways in which the company mentioned in question C
managed to get mineral royalties from African chiefs.
E What was the aim of the Welfare Society which was formed at a
place marked C?
F The British government took over the administration of Northern
Rhodesia in 1924. State any two features of colonial rule.
G In 1957, a federation joint project was built at the area marked D.
What was the major aim of this project to Northern Rhodesia
(Zambia) and Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe)?

52 © Mr 6points
10. Study the table below which shows the amount of energy consumed by
various sectors in Zambia and answer the questions that follow.

A What is the total amount of electricity consumed by various

sectors?
B Which sector consumed the greatest amount of coal?
C Identify the source of energy widely used in households.
D Name one area where coal is mined in Zambia.
E Mention one petroleum product used in homes.
F What is meant by a renewable resource?
G Suggest two disadvantages of using petroleum energy resource
in the transport sector.
H The letters C.E.C in relation to energy stand for.
I Give one function of Zambia Electricity Supply Corporation (ZESCO).

11. A What was the title given to the Paramount Chiefs of the Bemba
people?
B What name was given to the ceremony practised by the Bemba
people?
C Who was the chief that led the Bemba Kingdom to expand due to
good administration between 1830 1860?
D What was the local name for the crocodile clan of the Bemba
people?

53 © Mr 6points
E Why did the Bemba Kingdom decline after 1883?
F The royal councillors appointed by the named Paramount Chief in
A were called.
G Give one reason the Bemba people did not keep cattle.
H List two types of crops the Bemba people grew.
I Where did the Bemba people get their guns from?

12. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.

A Mention the country marked A.

B What kind of conflict occurred in country A?
C Identify two groups of people that clashed in the country marked B.
D Why did Eritrea break off from country C?
E State any two effects of the war that took place in country B.
F Name one of the refugee camps found in the country marked D.
G Which Ministry is responsible for the welfare of refugees in the
country marked D?
H Explain one method the United Nations (UN) uses to resolving
conflicts in affected areas in Africa.

54 © Mr 6points
13. Study the table below and answer the questions that follow.

A Name the type of rainfall depicted in the diagram above.

B Which specific area in Zambia usually has such type of rainfall?

C Describe two differences in rainfall activity of the opposite sides

or the mountain.

D In which season does the rain condition above occur in Zambia?

E Give two reasons why the farming practices would fail in the area
marked B.

F State two other factors that cause rainfall to vary in Zambia.

G Identify an important rain bearing wind to Zambia.

55 © Mr 6points
14. Study the table below and answer the questions that follow.

A Name the source of learning about the past illustrated in the

picture above.
B How was information transmitted as shown in the picture above,
from one generation to another.
C Suggest one advantage of using the method of learning about the
past mentioned in A.
D What was the disadvantage of relying on the source of history
mentioned in A.
E Apart from the source of history illustrated in the picture, state
three other sources.
F Which method of learning about the past enabled historians to
trace the origins of people.
G The man who studied about the past in Zambia was ...
H The earliest writing which was invented by the Ancient Egyptians
was known as ...

56 © Mr 6points
15. Study the pie chart below showing the percentage of human right
abuse cases recorded at Chanda Police Station and answer the
questions that follow.

A What are human rights?

B What is the percentage of girls who experienced human rights
abuses in Chanda Police Station area as shown in the pie chart
above?
C Using the information above, state the group of people that
recorded the highest cases of violations at Chanda Police station.
D Why did the group mentioned in C record the highest percentage
of human rights abuse cases?
E Name any one from of violation against boys.
F One of the common cases of abuse recorded against girls in
Chanda Police Station was defilement. The term defilement
means ...
G State any effect of defilement on the girl child
H Which Non-Governmental organisation promotes the education of
the girl child in Zambia?
I Some men in Zambia today are victims of GBV in homes. Three
letters GBV stand for?

57 © Mr 6points
16. Study the table below and answer the questions that follow.

A Name towns P and Q.

B What is the traditional farming system practised in the area R?
C Name two food crops grown in the traditional farming system
mentioned in question B.
D What is the name of the physical feature in area S?
E State three differences in traditional farming systems practised
in areas R and S?
F Suggest one way in which farming in area R can be made more
productive.

58 © Mr 6points
17. The pictures below show the drawings made by the people of the Late
Stone-Age period in Zambia. Study the pictures and answer the
questions that follow.

A Name the people who made the drawings depicted above.

B At what time during their day to day activities did they make these
drawings?
C What name did they give to the type of drawing depicted Picture A?
D Why was picture A given the name you mentioned in C?
E Name a place in Zambia where the type of drawings depicted in
picture A have been found.
F What name was given to the type of drawings depicted in picture
B?
G How did the pictures depicted in B look like?
H Why have there been no discoveries of the late stone-age paintings
in the Western Province of Zambia?
I Name one material the Late stone-Age people used as paint for
their drawings.
J Apart from the paintings, depicted above, what other types of
paintings did the Late Stone Age people make?

59 © Mr 6points
18. Study the table below and answer the questions that follow.

A What document is depicted in the picture?

B Identify two features that are found on the document mentioned
in part A.
C Why is the kwacha note being exchanged with the document?
D Suggest two reasons for prohibiting the act as indicated in the
picture.
E Explain two effects of the above act on Zambia's governance system.
F How can a responsible Zambian citizen address the vice depicted in
the picture?

19. A Name one source of energy that is non-renewable.

B State two advantages of using solar energy as a source of power.
C Name one institution dealing in power and energy in Zambia.
D State three advantages of Hydroelectricity Power (HEP) over other
forms of energy.
E Give three challenges faced by the textile and manufacturing
industries in Zambia.

60 © Mr 6points
20. Study the following picture and answer the questions that follow.

A What historical activity was taking place in the picture?

B In which part of Africa did the activity take place on a large scale?
C State two special names given to the activity.
D Why did the activity of the 16th century develop?
E Why was the activity referred to in the picture stopped?
F Mention two world leaders that helped to stop the activity around
the 19th Century.
G How did the activity affect Africa?

61 © Mr 6points
21. Study the following map showing member countries of SADC and
answer the questions that follow.

A What do the letters SADC stand for?

B Mention the treaty that founding members of Southern African
Development Co-ordinated Conference (SADCC) signed to form
SADC.
C When did country A and B join SADC?
D What is the historical importance of country C to SADC?
E Mention the headquarters of SADC located in country D.
F Identify any member states of SADC which is not part of Southern
Africa mainland.
G Explain the role of the tribunal organ of the member states of SADC.
H In which way is the SADC objective towards the protection of the
environment achieved by member states.
I How do member countries benefit from SADC?

62 © Mr 6points
SECTION B ANSWERS
1. A - Poultry farming.
- Pig rearing.
- Sheep rearing.
- Cattle rearing.

B - Along the line of railway.

- Mkushi farm block.
- Chipata, Kitwe, Ndola, Chisamba and Chibombo.

C - Friesians.
- Swiss brown.
- Aryshires.
- Guernsey.

D - High demand due to urban population.

- Good network of roads and a railway.
- Availability of electricity for lighting and brooding.
- Availability of drugs.
- Availablity of stock feed.

E - Pests and diseases.

- Shortage of pasture.
- Stiff competition from imported products.
- High costs of production.
- High fuel costs.
- Cattle rustling.

2. A - Ingombe Ilede.
B - Salt.
C - Cape Mclear.
D - Free Church of Scotland.
E - Nachikufu.
63 © Mr 6points
F - Naturalistic.
G - Kalonga.
H - Mano.
I - Makewana.
J - Henry Morton Stanley.

3. A - Fish Eagle.
B - The National Flag and the Coat of Arms.
C - "Like our noble eagle in ts flight."

D - Singing the National Anthem on official occasions.

- Saluting the flag of Zambia.
- Standing still when singing the National Anthem.

E - Citizens of a country enjoy certain rights or benefits.

- Citizens share a feeling of belonging together.
- Citizens show love and pride in their country.

F - The eagle symbolizes the freedom that we have in Zambia and our
ability to solve our own problems.

4. A - Nakonde.
B - Lake Bagweulu.
C - Kafue National Park.
D - Depression | Irregular.

E - This is because of trade that takes place from Tanzania and Zambia.
- It is the border town where goods from overseas cross from.
- It has good road and rail transport.

F - It has a variety of animals such a elephants, lions, buffaloes, etc.

- It is the largest national park in Zambia and Africa.
- It has a variety of vegetation.

64 © Mr 6points
G - Zambia Electricity Supply Corporation (ZESCO).
- Copperbelt Energy Corporation (CEC).

5. A - Africa.
B - Beads, clothes, guns, gunpower, sugar, salt, glassware and alcoholic
drinks.
C - Slaves.
D - Christopher Columbus.
E - Triangular Slave Trade.
F - The trade was conducted in a triangle involving three continents.
G - Portugal.
H - 1497 / 1498.
I - Bartholomew Diaz.
J - Cape of Storms.

6. A - Polling day.
B - Starts at 06:00 hours.
- Ends at 18:00 hours.

C - National Registration Card.

- Voters Card.

D - Voting Booth.
E - Presiding officer.
F - 18 years.

G - Gives legitimacy to the winner.

- It allows free citizen participation.
- Leaders of various parties are free to explain their manifestos.
- People make informed decisions.
- People choose leaders of their choice.

65 © Mr 6points
7. A - (i) Pine , Eucalyptus | (ii) Mukwa , Mahogany
B - Chichele, Chati, Mufulira, Itimpi (Kitwe), Mwekere

C - High annual rainfall of over 1200mm.

- Moderate temperature (18° - 24°C).
- Government policy through forest department.
- Ready market for softwood timber in the Copperbelt.

D - Source of timber.
- Source od firewood and Charcoal.
- Provision of electricity/Telephone poles.
- Furniture making.
- Building and construction.
- Source of fruits and honey.
- Source of herbal medicine.
- Protect the ground from soil erosion.

E Diagram (i) Diagram (ii)

- Softwood. - Hardwood.
- Fast growing. - Slow growth.
- Tall and smooth trunks. - Short and thick back.
- Cone shaped crowns. - Umbrella shaped crowns.
- Small leaves. - Big leaves.
- Exotic. - Indigenous.

8. A - Ingombe Ilede.
B - 1960.
C - Tonga.
D - J. H. Chaplain.
E - Beads, Shells and Iron Objects.
F - Zambezi.

66 © Mr 6points
G - Salt.
H - It was ccessible due to river transport.
I - Copper.
- Ivory.

9. A - Kalomo.
B - Site B was more central.
C - The British South African Company (B.S.A).

D - By signing treaties or agreements with chiefs.

- They gained mineral rights.
- Through taxes.
- Through trade.

E - To resist colonialism.

F - Chiefs lost their independence and became agents of the colonial

government.
- Africans were not allowed to take part in the government.
- Africans were forced to pay government tax.
- African children went to separate schools from those of white
children.
- Africans were not allowed to own big businesses.

G - Hydro electricity power supply to the mines on the Copperbelt in

Northern Rhodesia.

10. A - 525 000 units.

B - Mining.
C - Wood.
D - Maamba.

67 © Mr 6points
E - Kerosene, paint, polish etc.
F - It is a resource which can be replaced or replenished.
G - It is a wasting asset.
- It causes air pollution.
- It contributes to global warming.
- It is very expensive because it is imported.

H - CEC - Copperbelt Energy Corporation.

I - To generate electricity.
- Transmission and supply of electricity.
- To maintain electricity infrastructure.

11. A - Chitimukulu.
B - Ukusefya pa Ng'wena.
C - Chileshe Chipele.
D - Abena ng'andu.
E - Succession disputes | Loss of trade monopoly.
- Loss of centralisation of power in the Miti clan.
- The BSA Company invasion.
F - Bachilolo / Bashilubemba.
G - Due to tsetse flies.
H - Millet / Sorghum / Cassava.
I - Swahili/Arabs.

12. A - Somalia.
B - Interclan.
C - Hutus and Tutsi.
D - Ethnic differences.
E - Loss of lives | Destruction of infrastructure.
- Violation of human rights and freedoms.
- Under development | Land degradation.
F - Maheba | Nyango | Mayukwayukwa | Makeni | Ukwimi
G - Ministry of Home Affairs.

68 © Mr 6points
H - Setting up international tribunals to resolve conflicts.
- Using courts to settle disputes through peace keeping forces.
- By electing democratic and effective leadership.

13. A - Relief or orographic.

B - Escarpments (Muchinga, Zambezi).
- Mountains (Mbala, Makutu).
C - Area A has more rainfall.
- Area A has warm and wet air. | Area B has hot and dry air.
D - Summer.
E - Mountain slopes the soil is thin.
- Area B is a rain shadow (dry) bringing little rainfall.
F - Distance from sea.
- Distance from equator / Latitude.
G - North westerly or Congo air.

14. A - Oral tradition.

B - Word of mouth.
C - It brought familes closer together.
D - It is not as reliable as original message.
- Tends to be changed after years.
E - Written records.
- Ancient remains / Archeology.
- Linguistic.
F - Linguistic.
G - Desmond Clarke.
H - Hieroglyphics.

15. A - Human rights are lawful claims or benefits which citizens acquire
from the community.
B - 50 + 10 + 5 + ? = 100 ? = 35%

69 © Mr 6points
C - Women.
D - Cultural beliefs and practices.
- Lack of education on human rights.
- Greediness and selfishness.
- Generally, women are regarded to be weak and inferior.
- High levels of illiteracy amongh women.
E - Child labour, corporal punishment, sordomy.
F - Defilement means having sexual intercourse with a girl below the
age of 16.
G - Spread of STIs and HIV/AIDS.
- Early marriages.
- Teenage pregnancies.
- Psychological trauma.
H - FAWEZA (Foundation for African Women Educationalist in Zambia).
I - Gender Based Violence.

16. A - Town P Mwinilunga.

- Town Q Mongu.
B - Chitemene system.
- Shifting cultivation.
- Subsistence farming.
C - Vegetables, cassava, millet, sorghum, beans, pumpkins,
groundnuts, sweet potatoes and maize.
D - Bulozi flood plain/Zambezi flood plain.
E - In area R they use ash as manure while in area S they use animal
manure.
- In area R they grow crops only while in area S they grow crops
and keep livestock as well.
- In area R they cut off the branches of trees while in area S they do
not cut off branches of trees but make moulds.
- In area S they use multi-system type of farming practise while in
area R they do pot.

71 © Mr 6points
F - Formation of provincial marketing unions which would provide
loans for farmers to buy seeds and fertilisers.
- Provision of information and training on improved agricultural
techniques to small scale farmers.
- Provision of information through radio and television like radio farm
forum, Rural Note Book, farm magazine on topics like crop
husbandry, care of implements, etc.
- Provision of transporting farmers' produce to markets quickly and
paying the farmers promptly.
- Ensuring farming implements like seeds, fertilisers, chemicals are
given to farmers before the onset of farming season.

17. A - The San.

- The Bushmen.
B - During their leisure or free time.
C - Naturalistic.
D - Because the drawings were taken from nature or they drew things
from nature.
E - Nachikufu cave.
- Nsalcave.
- Mwela rocks.
- Kalambo falls.
F - Schematic.
G - They looked like mathematical symbols of rectangle, parallel line
and squares.
H - Because the area has no rocks.
I - Soil.
- Animal blood.
- Leaves.
J - Engraving.
- Dirty white wash.

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18. A - Voters card.
B - Voter's photo/portrait.
- Name of the voter.
- National Registration Card number.
- Ward name.
- Polling station.
C - Vote buying.
D - Vote buying is an offence.
- It is bribery.
- Vote buying is a form of electoral malpractice.
- Form of corruption.
E - Defranchising of the voters/electorates.
- The act undermines democracy.
F - Say no to corruption.
- Reporting all corruption cases to relevant authorities.

19. A - Uranium | Coal | Petroleum | Natural gas.

B - It is renewable | It is clean | It is cheap | It is abundantly found
readily available.
C - Zambia Electricity Supply Corporation (ZESCO).
- Copperbelt Energy Corporation (CEC).
- Energy Regulation Board (ERB).
D - It is clean.
- Renewable resource.
- Can be transmitted to distant places.
- It can supply a large area.
- It can be used in many ways.
- It is easy to manage by use of transformers and switches.
E - High competition.
- Cost of raw materials is high.
- Lack of capital.
- Lack of storage facilities.

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20. A - Slave trade/slavery.
B - West Africa.
C - European slave Trade / Triangular Slave trade / Atlantic Slave trade.
D - Need for cheap labour.
- Criminals and debtors were sold as slaves.
- Role of Las Casas.
E - Industrial revolution.
- Humanitarian campaigns.
- High death rate among the British Navy.
- Successful revolts.
- Passing of new laws to condemn it.
F - Abraham Lincoln.
- Willam Wilberforce.
G - Africa became underdeveloped because able-bodied men were
taken away.

21. A - Southern African Development Community.

B - Windhoek declaration.
C - Namibia 1992.
- South Africa 1994.
D - Zambia helped the SADC countries to gain their independence.
- Zambia promotes and defends peace and security and this
enhances development in the region.
E - Gaborone, Botswana.
F - Tanzania / Congo DR.
G - To ensure member countries obey its rules.
- To ensure member countries understand the SADC treaty.
H - Using natural resources sustainably to protect the environment.
- Effective use of resources.
I - Improved quality of life in member states.
- Promoting and defending peace and security.
- Promoting economic independence of the member states.
- Using resources sustainably.

74 © Mr 6points
SECTION C QUESTIONS
1. (a) Explain the differences between indigenous and exotic vegetation
in Zambia.
(b) State the uses of forests and woodlands in Zambia.
(c) What are the measures of conserving vegetation in Zambia?

2. With reference to mining in Zambia,

(a) Name two towns where copper is mined on the Copperbelt.
(b) Describe the methods of mining used in North-Western Province.
(c) Explain the effects of mining industry on the environment in
North-Western Province.

3. (a) State different types of population migration which take place in

Zambia.
(b) What are the effects of HIV and AIDS in Zambia.

4. With reference to civilisation, write briefly on the following:

(a) origin
(b) why it took long to spread,
(c) early settlement in Zambia,
(d) the knowledge it brought.

5. Give an account of the Lunda kingdom of Mwata Kazembe under the

following subheadings:
(a) origin,
(b) expansion,
(c) decline.

6. Write the following on the federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland:

(a) Reasons for the Federation,
(b) Reasons against the Federation,
(c) Why the Federation broke up.

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7. (a) What are the qualifications for one to be the Republican President
in Zambia?
(b) Explain the functions of the Republican President in Zambia.

8. (a) Explain what a family budget is.

(b) Identify and explain parts of the national budget.

9. (a) What are the qualities of money?

(b) Explain the law of supply and demand.

10. (a) State three different types of tourist attractions.

(b) Explain the benefits of tourism to the people
(c) Suggest reasons why tourism resources should be conserved.

11. (a) Describe recent projects in hydro-electricity generation in Zambia.

(b) Describe non renewable energy resources which are widely used
in Zambia.

12. With reference to the building and construction industry in Zambia,

(a) State examples of physical infrastructure developments taking
place in recent years.
(b) Explain why building and construction industry has grown in recent
years.

13. Describe the life of the Tonga speaking people of Southern Province
under the following sub headings:
(a) Economical,
(b) Political,
(c) Social,
(d) Religious.

14. Account for the causes of the rebellion of 1896/97 in Zimbabwe by

the following tribes;

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(a) The Ndebele,
(b) The Shona.

15. Write briefly on all of the following

(a) Causes of the scramble of Africa,
(b) Results of the Berlin conference of 1884 - 1885,
(c) Terms of the Berlin conference.

16. Citizenship unites people who belong to different races, ethnic groups
and religions. Citizens work together in peace and harmony to improve
their lives. They also learn to solve their problems together without
discriminating each other.
(a) Who is a citizen?
(b) Explain the duties of a citizen.

17. (a) Explain the relationship between the local and central government.
(b) What are the sources of revenue for councils?

18. (a) What are fundamental human rights?

(b) Explain the following categories of human rights:
(i) Civil and Political Rights,
(ii) Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

19. (a) Describe the general effects of deforestation in Zambia.

(b) Suggest ways the forests can be conserved in Zambia.

20. (a) Discuss the effects of the large population in towns in Zambia.
(b) Explain the effects of HIV and AIDS on the urban population.

21. (a) How does the country benefit from tourism?

(b) Describe the ways in which the government of Zambia is promoting
tourism.

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22. (a) Describe the factors that favour the construction of hydro-electric
power station.
(b) Explain the disadvantages of hydro-electric power.

23. (a) Describe the factors affecting commercial livestock farming.

(b) Explain the negative effects of commercial farming on the
environment.

24. (a) Discuss the factors that affect population distribution.

(b) Explain the advantages of family planning.

25. (a) What is history and why do we learn about it?

(b) Explain sources of learning about history.

26. (a) What work do archaeologists do?

(b) Explain the work and discoveries done by the archaeologist Louis
Leakey.

27. (a) What was primary resistance to colonialism?

(b) Why did Africans start primary resistance to colonialism?
(c) Explain examples of African primary resistance to colonialism.

28. Write briefly on the following principles of good governance.

(a) Citizen participation.
(b) Separation of powers.
(c) Transparency.

29. (a) Describe the composition of the Executive.

(b) Explain the functions of the President.

30. (a) Identify the common forms of child abuse in Zambian societies.
(b) Describe the rights of a child listed in the United Nations
Convention on the Rights of a Child (UNCRC).

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SECTION C ANSWERS
SHORT ESSAY POINTS

1. (a) - Indigenous forests consist of hardwood trees white exotic forest

have softwood.
- Indigenous forests occur naturally white exotic forests are planted.
- Indigenous forests are not in pure stands while exotic forests are
in pure stands.
- Indigenous forests take a longtime to mature while exotic forests
take a shorter time to mature.
- Indigenous forests contain trees which have bend (twisted) trunks
while exotic forest have straighter trunks.
- Indigenous forests contain tree species mukwa, mubanga, mukuni
etc while exotic tree species contain Ginelina, Pine, Eucalyptus.

(b) - Provide scenic beauty.

- Provide habitat for wildlife.
- Provide construction materials for homes and public buildings.
- Source of timber for railway sleepers poles.
- Firewood for cooking and heating.
- Provide protection of catchment areas from soil erosion.
- They are tourist attractions.
- Provides raw materials for buildings.
- Source of grass and fibres for making ropes, mats, baskets and
building houses.

(c) - Restricting species and types of trees to be cut.

- Use of renewable sources of energy.
- Afforestation and reafforestation programmes.
- Educating communities on the importance of forests and woodlands
- Practicing agro-forestry.

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2. (a) - Mufulira, Luanshya, Chililabombwe, Chingola, Kitwe

(b) - Removal of overburden by bulldozers.

- Ore mined by excavators.
- Ore transported by trucks to conveyor belts.
- Ore taken for milling.

(c) - Displacement of people.

- Destruction of vegetation due to clearance.
- Loss of habitat for wildlife.
- Causes air pollution, land pollution and water pollution, noise
pollution.
- Impact of blasting by using explosives causes cracks on buildings.
- Land is disfigured due to hollow.
- Loss of land for agriculture and settlement.
- Compaction of the soil due to use of heavy machinery.

3. (a) Rural to urban migration

- This involves movement of people from rural areas to urban areas
in search of paid employment and better social services.
- Some people are forced to leave rural areas to towns due to
drought, famines, family conflicts and poverty.

Urban to rural migration

- This migration involves the movement of people from urban areas
to rural areas.
- Some people are forced to leave urban areas due to loss of
employment retirements, retrenchment, high cost of living in
urban areas and to take up farming in rural areas.

Rural to rural migration

- This is the movement of people from one rural area to another in
search of land, water resources and fertile soils.

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Urban to urban migration
- This movement involves the migration of people from one town to
another through transfers, loss of employment or to take up business
opportunities.

(b) - Reduced productivity in agriculture, industry and service provision.

- Increase in mortality rates.
- A lot of time spent on nursing the sick and attending burials.
- Huge budget of government spent on purchasing drugs.
- Emergence of NGOs dealing in HIV and AIDs and home based care.
- Increase in the number of orphans, widows, widowers and
vulnerable children.

4. (a) Origin
- Started in the Middle East from Shanider in Northern Iraq 10,000
years ago
- Knowledge of farming and pastoralism.
- Spread to Greece and Rome in Europe, India and China in Asia, the
North West and Egypt in Africa.
- Two rivers were important in the development of farming in the
Middle East. These were the Tigris and Euphrates because of fertile
crescent soils.
- It reached North Africa in Egypt along the banks of the Nile 7000
years ago.
- Later Egyptians conquered and spread civilization to Kush (Sudan)
and Axum (Ethiopia).

(b) Why it took long to spread

- Remote places | Jungles, swamps | Climatic difference

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(c) Early settlement in Zambia
- In Zambia it spread quickly over the whole land but mainly in
Southern Province because :
- There was plenty of rainfall,
- There was plenty of pasture,
- There was fertile land,
- There were no tsetse flies.

(d) The knowledge it brought

- Iron smelting/metal working
- Pottery

5. (a) Origin
- Came from Mwata Yamvo kingdom.
- Mwata Yamvo was in the process of expansion so he sent Mutande
Yembe Yembe and Chinyanta.
- He conquered the area that was rich in salt and copper and then
proved disloyal to his master.
- He was later replaced by Nganda Bilonda who became the first
Kazembe.
(b) Expansion
- Nganda Bilonda conquered surrounding areas.
- He was succeeded by Kanyembo as Kazembe II. He continued to
conquest.
- By 1760, Ilunga Lukwesa succeeded the throne.
Several factors led to the expansion of the kingdom.
(a) Natural resources.
(b) Long distance trade.
(c) Conquest of weaker tribes.
(d) The visit of Delacerda influenced other explorers to come.
(e) Good leadership by reigning Kazembes.
(f) Tribute collection.

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(c) Decline
- Decline of the kindom after 1850 was due to:
- Loss of long-distance trade through the Bisa middlemen who were
attacked by the Bemba.
- The visit of tip-tip who interfered with the Western trade route.
- Disloyalty of the junior chiefs.
- Succession wars (1840's- 1880's).
- Activities of Msiri of the Yeke.
- Final blow came in 1890 with the BSA Company rule.

6. (a) Reasons for the Federation

- Settlers in Southern Rhodesia wanted to control copper in Northern
Rhodesia.
- Settlers in Northern Rhodesia wanted to get rid of African
Paramouncy.
- To achieve economic inter-dependence as each territory depended
on one source of economy.
- Africans in Southern Rhodesia preferred to put the policy of
Partnership into Practice rather than racial segregation.

(b) Reasons against the Federation

- Africans in Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland did not want racial
policy of segregation.
- Some settlers in Southern Rhodesia wanted the policy of
segregation to continue.
- Opposition labour and liberal parties in Britain did not want to force
Africans into a Federation.

(c) Why the Federation broke up

- Little or no African support for the Federation.
- Africans not consulted hence strong opposition from the start.
- Fear amongst Africans that partnership would stop political
advance and strengthen white domination.

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7. (a) The President of Zambia is elected during General Elections which
take place every after five years. One can only qualify for election
as President if he or she:
- is a citizen of Zambia.
- is thirty-five years of age and above.
- is of good character.
- is supported by a political party.
- is literate and conversant with the official language.
- has both parents as Zambians by birth or descent.
- has been living in Zambia for at least twenty years.

(b) Functions of the Zambian President

The President of Zambia:
- Is the Head of State, this means that he or she represents the
country.
- Is head of government; this means that he or she represents
government.
- Gives instructions to all ministers and civil servants.
- Is the commander in chief of the armed forces.
- Can appoint the commanders of security forces.
- Can nominate up to eight members of parliament.
- Can declare a state of emergency.
- Can dissolve parliament.
- Opens the first session of the National Assembly each year.
- Gives awards to those who have served the nation well.
- Can appoint or dismiss senior government officials.
- Can sometimes exercise the prerogative of mercy; this means
that he or she can pardon criminals or reduce their sentences.

8. (a) - A family budget is one usually made by the father and mother.
- The expenditure of the budget depends on the income of the family.
- The money that remains is savings used to buy cars and TVs.
- It is also important for national development.

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- A family which makes poor decisions may fail to meet its basic needs.
- A good budget must have a surplus.
- A good family budget carters for the basic needs of the family.

(b) The national budget is passed by the National Assembly after it has
been presented by the Minister of Finance.
The parts of the national budget are:
- Revenue: it is money that government receives every year from
various sources such as taxes.
- Recruitment expenditure: it is money which government spends
every year on salaries and wages of government workers and
maintenance of facilities like buildings.
- Capital expenditure: It is money which is spent on new projects such
as constructing roads or building schools.
- A national budget can either have surplus or deficit. The ideal
situation is that the budget must balance.

9. (a) Money is anything of value that is generally accepted and makes

the exchange of goods and services easy. The common forms of
money are coins and bank notes. Money has certain
characteristics which are described as follows:
- Acceptability: for any object to be used as money, it must be
generally accepted. This means that people agree to use that object.
- Portability: money must easily be carried about.
- Divisibility: money should be easily divided into smaller units. This
quality of money helps us to buy goods and services of different
value.
- Recognizable: Coins and bank notes should have features which
make them easy to recognize; e.g. the eagle is a prominent feature
on our bank notes. However, bank notes and coins must be difficult
to copy or forge.

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Scarcity: Money should be difficult to obtain. A person must engage
in a productive activity in order to earn money. A productive activity
is any useful activity which benefits members of a community.
- Durability: Money must last for a long time. It must not wear out
easily.

(b) The law of supply and demand

- Demand refers to the willingness and ability of people to pay for
goods and services. Supply is the availability of goods and services
on the market. These goods and services are made available by
business people.
- The price of goods and services can be influenced by demand and
supply. When demand for certain goods and services rises, the price
is likely to rise. On the other hand, when the supply of goods and
provision of services is high, the price is likely to fall.
- When the supply of goods and provision of services is low, the
demand is high and the prize rises.
- A rise in the price of goods and services may lead to low demand,
while the fall (drop) in the price of goods or services may lead to
high demand. The law of supply and demand can be summarized
as follows:

High demand + low supply = high price

Low demand + high supply = low price

- However, when the price of goods remains constant or favourable

to both buyers and sellers, it is called an equilibrium price.

10. (a) - Climatic- such as sunny warm Climate.

- Wildlife such as wild animals and vegetation.
- Natural features such as mountains, rivers, lakes, etc.
- Sporting activities such as fishing competition, water sports, etc.
- Traditional ceremonies such as Ncwala, Kuomboka, etc.

86 © Mr 6points
(b) - Source of employment.
- Source of foreign exchange.
- Development such as roads, hotels, airports, etc.
- Encourages conservation of wildlife.
- Encourages conservation of culture.
- Offers market to farmers.

(c) - They can be a source of employment.

- They can be a source of forex.
- They are kept for the young generations to come and see them.
- They can attract tourist from other countries.

11. (a) - Kafue Lower Power Station located on the Kafue River.
- Itezhi-tezhi HEP station located at the Itezhi tezhi dam on Kafue
River.
- Maamba thermal station.
- Musonda falls HEP station.
- Kalungwishi HEP station.
- Lusiwasi HEP station.

(b) - Wind driven power.

- Water driven power e.g. HEP.
- Solar power that uses sunlight.

12. (a) - There are roads connecting towns that have been constructed.
- There are houses, offices and hotels that have been constructed.
- There schools, hospitals and health centres have been constructed
and expanded.
- There stadiums and airports have been constructed and expanded.

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(b) - There is high demand for health services hence construction of
health centres.
- There is need to expand the roads and construct new ones.
- There is high demand for houses so many people have built
houses.
- The establishment of new districts and new provincial centres
has led to the high demand for housing and office spaces.

13. (a) Economical

- They were agriculturists.
- Planted crops like sorghum, millet, pumpkins, beans, etc.
- They were also pastoralists of cattle, goats, sheep, poultry and
other animals.
- They also depended largely on fish, game and wild plants.
- They were pottery makers.
- They hunted game and fished from the many rivers.
- They were also iron smelters.
- They traded, made mats and performed religious ceremonies.
- They were also gatherers.

(b) Political
- In every neighbourhood there was a man called "Vlanyika" the
owner of the land and any one who was strong and popular could
become one.
- Clans formed villages headed by headmen.
- Villages formed a tribe or society.

(c) Social
- Each household was arranged around a cattle kraal.
- The family household was the basic unity of society.
- Houses were made of poles and thatched with grass.
- They brewed beer from millet and sorghum.
- The main diet included mealie meal porridge.

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(c) Religious
- Believed in a superior being whom they approached through their
ancestors.
- The Tonga priest called Sikatonga made sure that spirits looked after
the neighbourhood.
- They worshipped under trees.
- Had shrines where they prayed for the rains and these were built at
graves of prominent men. Shrines were also founded by men who
had been rain makers.
- Sacrifice was made up of an animal, beer or food.

14. (a) The Ndebele

- British South African Company (BSAC) took away most of their
cattle.
- Forced labour in the mines and on the farms was done through the
supervision of Shona policemen as the Shona people were
regarded as servants for the Ndebele.
- Constant friction with the BSAC made them decide to get rid of the
settlers.
- Ndebele defeat in the 1893 war was a humiliation to them and they
wanted to revenge.
- BSAC refused them to raid the Shona for food, cattle and captives
after the company occupied mashonaland. But the Ndebele could
not provide for themselves.
- BSAC made Ndebele to pay hut tax for the land on which they
stayed free of charge for years.
- Best land was grabbed by the BSAC settler.

(b) The Shona

- BSAC made Shona pay hut tax for their land.
- BSAC worked under force in their mines and plantations.

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- Drought from 1895 led Shona people to starve and to spread
diseases e.g. intestinal diseases for people and rinderpest for cattle.
- Killing of the Shona cattle by the BSAC to prevent the spread of
rinderpest angered them.
- The BSAC took over their ivory trade with the Portuguese in the
Zambezi valley.
- Shona feared future Ndebele rule if they did not take part in the
rebellion.
- Freedom from Ndebele rule after BSAC occupied Mashonaland
encouraged them to pursue their independence further by shaking
off BSAC rule through a rebellion.

15. (a) Causes of the Scramble of Africa

- Open fresh markets -Europeans wanted to open markets to sell their
industrial outlet.
- Need for raw materials: many areas in Africa offered raw materials
needed in the manufacturing factories of Europe e.g. cotton, rubber,
cocoa, coffee, etc.
- To invest surplus capital e.g.
(i) Britain occupying Rhodesia because of minerals.
(ii) France taking over Morocco because of iron deposits.
- Activities of the explorers and adventurers life:
(a) De Brazza in Equatorial Africa.
(b) Stanley Henry Molton in Congo.
(c) Karl Peters of Germany in East Africa
- Compensation of lost territories e.g. France sought compensation
for their defeat of 1871 by Germany by acquiring Tunisia.
- Prestige-The more colonies they had the better for their prestige and
power.
- Source of troops: Senegal was colonized as a source of troops by
France.
- Strategic reasons: Some territories in Africa were colonized for
strategic reasons such as Morocco, Egypt, Angola, Mozambique.

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- For settlement and employment-some territories in Africa were
colonized to allow for settlement of colonists and also for
employment for extra population in Europe.

(b) Results of the Berlin conference of 1884 1885,

- European countries no longer able to claim stake to an African
country unless they occupied it with troops or buildings.
- It made the conquest and exploitation of Africa less bloody and
minimized the potential for violent disputes and war between
European nations.
- Led to political conflicts and turmoil.
- Led to the establishment of European colonies across Africa.

(c) Terms of the Berlin conference

- Establishment of a free trade zone in Congo.
- Address humanitarian issues that were brought about due to the
slave trade.
- In order to occupy a coastal possession, the nation also had to prove
that they controlled sufficient authority there to protect existing
rights such as freedom of trade and transit.
- Any European nation that took possession of African coast or named
themselves as protectorate of one had to inform the other powers of
the Berlin Act of this action.
- A country was supposed to notify the other signatories before
establishing a coastal colony.
- Ending of slave trade and providing for the welfare of Africa.
- A country which occupied any territory had to be financially strong.
- Colonial boundaries were to be settled by signing treaties.
- King Leopold of Congo was left alone in Congo with no disturbance.
- The rivers Niger and Congo were to be free to all for transportation.

91 © Mr 6points
16. (a) - He/she is a member of a state who enjoys all rights and privileges
granted by it and also performs his or her duties and obligations
towards the state and other organisations.

(b) - Obeying the law.

- Paying taxes.
- Respecting the rights of others.
- The right to vote.
- Respecting the security forces of the nation.
- The right to perform public service.
- Being attentive to public issues.
- Assist in the enforcement of the law at all times.
- Foster national unity and live in harmony with others.
- Promote democracy and the rule of law.
- Contribute to the wellbeing of the community.

17. (a) - Central government uses its administrative powers to control the
councils.
- Schemes and plans of development are approved by the central
government.
- The central government can use its legal powers to compel the
councils to carry out certain functions.
- Central government can also dissolve councils.
- Local governments are a creation of the central government, they
are controlled by the Ministry of Local Government and Housing.
- Where costs may be beyond council ability to hire equipment such
as bulldozers or earthmovers, cranes and tractors, the government
may be called in to assist.
- The powers of the central government over the local councils are
exercised through parliament by enacting laws on local
government. Through these Acts, the central government can
create city, municipal or district councils.

92 © Mr 6points
(b) - Personal levy on all residents working in a council area.
- Land rates: these are obtained from people who use pieces of land
or plots owned by the council.
Rents - they collect rents charged on council houses, markets,
business buildings, bars, restaurants.

18. (a) - They are liberties that all human beings should claim from the
society in which they live.

- They are natural rights which every human being enjoys simply
because she or he is a human being.

(b) (i) Civil and Political Rights,

- These are rights which are referred to as 'first generation rights.
- They are found in Part III of the Constitution of Zambia.
- The following are examples of civil and political rights.
- Protection of freedom of conscience.
- Protection of freedom of expression.
- Protection of freedom of assembly and association.
- Protection from inhuman treatment.
- Protection from slavery or forced labour.
- Protection of the right to personal liberty.
- Protection of the right to life.

(ii) Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

These are rights which are known as 'second generation'. They
were the first rights to be recognised by the Magna Carta, American
Declaration of Independence and French Declaration of the Rights
of Man and the citizen.
- Right to Food | Right to Employment
- Right to Education | Right to clean environment
- Right to Development | Right to medical care
- Right to adequate housing | Right to social security

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19. (a) - Shortage of wood fuel (fire wood).
- Wildlife like animals and birds lose their home.
- There is reduction in the quality of the environment.
- Reduction in the amount of rainfall and water supply.
- Areas experience falling yields in forest products like timber, fruits,
charcoal etc.
- There is marked changes in climate such as increased average
temperature, increase in speed of local winds, etc.
- There is general destruction of biodiversity.
- Severe soil erosion is common which leads to land becoming less
fertile.

(b) - By establishing forest reserves.

- By regulating the cutting down of trees (deforestation).
- By using reforestation and afforestation methods.
- By using alternative renewable sources of energy like solar energy,
- Through fire control.
- Educating communities on the importance of caring for trees.
- Introduction of tree planting projects at school and community
events.

20. (a) - There is high unemployment.

- There is high dependency ratio.
- Heavy financial burden resulting in poor living standards.
- There is high or over utilisation of resources.
- Shortage of housing units leading to development of slums and
shanty compounds (unplanned).
- There is difficulty in disposing garbage.
- There is pressure on land.
- A lot of money is spent on the provision of medical and education
facilities.

94 © Mr 6points
(b) - Increase in the elderly people who have not support.
- increase in prostitution.
- Increase in crime like stealing, robbery etc.
- Increase in death rate.
- Increase in number of people who beg.
- Pressure of the health system.
- Increase in the number of orphans.

21. (a) - Earns the country foreign exchange.

- Creates employment for the people of Zambia.
- It encourages conservation of both wildlife and historical sites.
- lt encourages infrastructural development eg. roads, hotels, etc.
- It promotes cultural exchange.
- It ia Source of revenue for the government through taxes and
customs duty.

(b) - Establishment of better roads to connect tourist sites.

- Preservation/conservation of wildlife.
- Advertising the tourism industry in overseas countries.
- improvement of cultural activities like traditional dances and
ceremonies.
- Prohibiting wildlife poaching.
- Educating people on the importance of tourism.
- Encouraging private sector participation.
- Promoting domestic tourism, leisure and recreation.
- Promoting initiatives for regional tourism.

22. (a) - There must be a gradient or slope.

- There must be a gorge.
- A large market should be there.
- There should be availability of overhead of water.
- Large capital should be available for the project.
- Constant supply of water or large volume or water.

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(b) - It needs large capital.
- It cannot be stored.
- If not handled well it causes accidents.
- It is expensive to run.
- It is highly dependent on the availability of water.

23. (a) - Lack of pastures.

- Scarcity of water.
- Disease outbreak.
- Cost of feeds.
- Stiff competition.
- Theft of livestock (cattle rustling).

(b) - Causes deforestation.

- Contributes to pollution by pesticides and chemicals used.
- Displacements of wildlife.
- Heavy machines used compact the soil.
- Causes soil erosion.
- Contributes to global warming.

24. (a) - Presence of water.

- Fertility of soil.
- Economic activities.
- Social amenities (e.g health facilities, schools, etc).
- Transport system.
- Government policy.

(b) - Promotes healthy family.

- Couples will have children when they are ready.
- Mothers will have a chance to be more productive economically.
- Mothers are given enough time to rest after giving birth.
- Parents have children they will be able to fully support.
- There are no unplanned pregnancies.

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25. (a) - History is the study of the past. We learn about the past to:
- Help predict the future.
- For interest and pleasure.
- For career advancement.
- To understand our family tree.
- To appreciate the past.
- To understand our past.
- To understand the present.
- To compare between the past and the future.

(b) Oral tradition: Method of learning about the past through word of
mouth e.g. stories or tales told by old people to their grandchildren.

Written Records: Written sources such as diaries, magazines, books

and newspapers,

Anthropology: Through the study of culture. Anthropologists study

different aspects of culture such as dressing, food and language.

Archaeology: The study of ancient remains e.g. tools, clothes, bones

or fossils also called digging history. It is the most reliable method.

Linguistics: The study of past through languages. People who study

about the past through languages are known as linguists.

26. (a) - These are people who study about the past through ancient
remains.
- They carry out excavation work i.e. digging for fossils.
- They analyse these fossils
- They determine how old these fossils are through carbon dating.

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(b) Doctor Louis Leakey.
- He carried out a lot of research in East Africa.
- Most of his discoveries were done around Olduvai gorge.
- At one point he worked with his wife.
- He is responsible for the discovery of creatures like Kenyapathecus,
Proconsul Africanus, Zinjathropus and Homohabilis.

27. (a) - This was the earliest resistance to colonial rule.

- This started in the 19th century.

(b) - Loss of political power.

- Loss of economic power.
- Hut tax.
- Attacks on African culture.
- Racial segregation.
- Abusive language.
- Inhuman treatment.

(c) - Formation Independent Churches also known as break-away

churches.
- The Ndebele uprising.
- The Bambatha rebellion.
- The Maji-maji rebellion.
- The Chimunenga uprising.

28. (a) Citizen participation

- Good governance allows both men and women to take part in
governance directly or through representatives.
- Citizens can participate directly by taking up various positions in
government.
- Indirectly citizens can choose representatives through voting.
- Citizens are able to participate in decision making in their own
country.

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(b) Separation of powers
- It means government is divided into three arms or organs.
- The organs of government are the Legislature, Executive and
Judiciary.
- Organs of government work independently to promote checks and
balances.
- Separation of powers limits the powers of the president to promote
democracy.
- The Legislature make laws, the Executive enforce the law and the
Judiciary interprets the law.
- The independence of the Judiciary is necessary to promote justice.

(c) Transparency
- This means decisions made and enforced by the government are
done in an open manner.
- Leaders follow laid down rules and regulations in their duties.
- Information is freely available and accessible to the citizens.
- Information is provided in an easy manner through print and
electronic media.
- Citizens are able to make informed decisions.
- it promotes accountability on the part of leaders.

29. (a) - The Executive is the organ of government which enforces the law
and other policies.
- It is made up of the following:
- The President: heads the Executive.
- The Vice President: acts as president when the president is out of
the country.
- Cabinet: make government policies.
- Public Service: carry out duties on behalf of the government.

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(b) - To head the state and government.
- To head the Executive organ of government.
- Appoint and dismiss ministers and senior government officials.
- Exercise prerogative of mercy.
- Declare a state of emergency.
- Open and close the sessions of the National Assembly.
- To dissolve parliament.
- To appoint the Attorney General and Judges.
- Commander in Chief of armed forces.

30. (a) According to the United Nation Convention on the Rights of a Child
(UNCRC), a child is a person below 18 years.
Child labour: giving a child to lift a heavy load or do a task beyond
his/her age.
Child defilement: having canal knowledge with a child below 18
years.
Child neglect: when parents do not care for their children for
unknown reasons.
Corporal punishment: inflicting pain on a child by beating or
unpleasant action aimed at punishing a child.
Human trafficking: selling children to other countries for personal
gain.

(b) - Right to a name.

- Right to nationality.
- Right to life.
- Right to parental care.
- Freedom of expression.
- Freedom of movement.
- Protection against slavery, torture and inhuman treatment.
- Protection against sexual harassment and other forms of child
abuse.
- Right to education | Right to food, clean water and shelter.

100 © Mr 6points
ALL THE BEST!!

Mr 6points

101 © Mr 6points