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Unix Notes

UNIX is a multi-user, character-based operating system that provides multi-tasking capabilities. It features include allowing multiple users, running multiple processes simultaneously, strong programming facilities, portability across hardware platforms, communication abilities like email, security controls like user permissions, and help documentation. The hierarchical file structure in UNIX includes directories like /root, /bin, /etc, /dev, /lib, /home, and /tmp. Common commands include login, pwd, clear, date, who, finger, cal, touch, cat, rm, mkdir, and cd.

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75 views

Unix Notes

UNIX is a multi-user, character-based operating system that provides multi-tasking capabilities. It features include allowing multiple users, running multiple processes simultaneously, strong programming facilities, portability across hardware platforms, communication abilities like email, security controls like user permissions, and help documentation. The hierarchical file structure in UNIX includes directories like /root, /bin, /etc, /dev, /lib, /home, and /tmp. Common commands include login, pwd, clear, date, who, finger, cal, touch, cat, rm, mkdir, and cd.

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gadhireddy
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UNIX

* What is UNIX
 UNIX is a CUI(Character User Interface) operating system.
 Operating system is an interface between hardware and application software.

* Features of unix
1) Multi user capability
2) Multi tasking capability.
3) Programming facility.
4) Portability.
5) Communication [Email]
6) Security
7) Help facility.

1) Multi tasking capability:-multi user operating system means more then one user shares the
same system resources(hard disk,memory,printer,application software etc.,) at the same time.
2) Multi tasking capability:-UNIX come to many jobs at once dividing the processes time
between the tasks so quality that it looks us if everything as remaining at the same time this is
called multi tasking capability
3) Programming facility:-unix operating system provides shell. Shell works like programming
language.
4) Portability:-one of the main reasons fro universal portability of unix is that it can be move
easily from one hardware platform to another
5) Communication:-unix provides electric mail(E mail)
6) Security:- unix provides three several of security to protect data.
I) assigning passwords and login names to individual users. Ensuring that no one can come
and have access to your work.
II) At the file level there are read,write and execute permissions to each file which decided
who can access a particular file who can modify it and who can execute it.
III) There is file encryption. This utility encodes your file into an unreadable format. So that
even if someone successed in operating it your security as safe.
7) Help facility:- unix provides manual pages for unix commands.

Difference between UNIX and WINDOWS


UNIX WINDOWS
Unix is multiuser operating system Windows is single user operating system
Multi tasking operating system Multi tasking operating system
There is no limit for no of users working with Limited number of users
the server
Unix is a portable operating system No portability
Shell scriptng Batch scripting
Unix provides the programming facility No programming facility.
Unix is not a user friendly Windows is a user friendly
Ex:-redhat,sum microsoft,ibm aix,hp-ux,sun Ex:-Microsoft windows
solaries, sunmicro system unix

Architecture of unix system:-


Shell:- the shell reads your commands and interprects then as requested to execute a
program.
Kernel:- the kernel is the path of the operating system that intracts directly with the hardware
at a computer. Through device drivers that are built into the kernel

THE HEIRARCHICAL FILE STRUCTURE

/ROOT:- this is the root directory of the file system the main directory of the entire file system.

/BIN:- BIN-binary[Bin stands for binar]


The directory contains executable file for most of the unix commands UNIX commands can be
either c programs or shell programs.

/ETC:-this contains system administration and configuration data bases.

/DEV:-this contains the device files that include terminals,printers and storage devices.

/LIB:-this directory consists all the library functions provide by unix for programmers.

/HOME:-this consists the home directories and files of all users.if your log in is techno,your default
home directory is /HOME/TECNO

/TMP:-this consists all temporary files used by the UNIX system.

/USR:-this contains other accesble directories such as


/use/lib
/use/bin

LOGIN PROCESS:-

Login : Tec no
Password : Tec no soft
#:- system administrator prompt
$:-user working prompt

Basic commands:-

1) LOG NAME :- it displays the current username


2) PWD:- it displays the current working directory
3) ClEAR:-it clear the screen
4) EXIT:-to logout from current user
5) DATE:-it displays system date & time
SUN SEP 5 13:3953 EDT 2021
6) WhO AM I :- it displays current username,terminal number,date and time at which you logged into
the system
TECNO PTS/14 2021-09-05 13:39(10.128.2420.187)

7) WHO:- to display the information about all the users whos have logged into the system currently.
I.e each user login name,terminal number, date & time that the person logged in

N 26/ofo Tty-dgrp-a-1 2021-09-05 12:56


N 26/ocp1 P+s/1 2021-09-05 10:49 (n 26/o p1)
N 26/ocp2 P+s/2 2021-09-05 10:49 (n 26/o p2)
N 26/ocp3 P+s/3 2021-09-05 10:49 (n 26/o p3)

N2 6/ocp1 USER NAME

P+s/1 TREMINAL NAME

2021-09-05 date

10:49 TIme

FINGER:- it display complete infromation about all the users who are logged in

Login Name Tty Idle Login time host


EVUXX4 Sivareddy P+s/in Sept-5 13:39 (10.128.242)
EVUXX6 Karthik P+s/1 33 Sept-5 13:49 (10.128.243)
EVUXX5 naveen P+s/2 1:34 Sept-5 13:49 (10.128.244)

Cal:- it display current month calender

Cal 2021:- it display given year calender

Cal 5 2021:- it displays given month calender only

Creating file n:- there are two commands to create files

1) TOUCH
2) CAT
1) TOUCH FILE NAME:-
It create zero byte file size
Ex:- touch sample
* the size of sample file is zero bytes.
* touch does not allow you to store any thing in a file it is used for to create several empty files
quickly.
Ex:-Touch file1,file2,file3,file4-----filen.
2) CAT COMMAND:-
Syntax:-cat>sample
--------------
--------------
Ctrl+d [to close a file]
I) Cat>>sample------>to append data to the file
-----------------------------
-----------------------------
-----------------------------
Ctrl+d
II) Cat file1 file2 file3>file4
This world create file4 which contains contents of file1 following by file2 and fillowing
by that of file3 I.e
It concatenates file1,file2 and file3 contents and redirects the file4. if file4 already
consists something it would be over written.

III) Cat<file name (or) cat file name:to open a file


Ex:- cat sample
It displays sample file contents
EX:- cat file1,file2,file3
It display files1 contents followed by file2 then following by file3.
REMOVING FILES:-
Rm command:- to remove the given file
Syntax rm filename
Rm sample:it removes sample file
Rm-i filename:- it asks confirmation before deleting the file

Rm-I filename
Remove sample y-it removes
N-it won’t remove
Rm-file1,file2,file3:- it remove three files

Rm * :-it removes all files in current directory.

CREATING A DIRECTORY:-
Mk dir command :- to make directory
Syntax:- MKDIR directory name
Example:-MKDIR tecno
Create multiple directories:- MKDIR dir1 dir2 dir3________dirn

CHANGE DIRECTORIES:-
SYNTAX:- cd directory name
Cd tecno soft
Pwd
/user/techno/techno soft
Cd..:-to change into parent directory
Cd/:-to change to root

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