Name/s : Beriño, Shaine Chantalle Date: October 13, 2023

Jadion, Alberta Eliana P.

Year&Section: BSATTM 3-3 Instructor: CRTARROZ

Proposed Title: Think Green. Be Green: Assessing Awareness, Intention, and Opinion of Generation Z’s on Green Travel

Research Impact of the A Study on the Current Understanding Younger Credit Service System Exploring the
Articles consciousness factor on Situation and Tourist’ Intention Toward Design to Promote interaction effects of
the green travel behavior Countermeasures of Environmentally Beijing Citizens’ Green norms and attitudes
of urban residents: An Green Travel for Responsible Behavior Travel Behavior on green travel
analysis based on College Students intention: An empirical
interaction and regulating study in eastern
effects in Chinese cultural China
context.

Citation Yang, R., Li, L., & Zhu, J. Yuan, Y., Zhang, Q., Fenitra, R. M., You, Z. , Liu, J. , Sun, X. Ru, X., Wang, S.,
(2020). Impact of the Mao, A., & Luo, Y. Handriana, T., Gancar, , Wei, Y. & Yuan, Y. Chen, Q., & Yan, S.
consciousness factor on (2020). A study on the C. P., & Indrianawati, U. (2020) Credit Service (2018). Exploring the
the green travel behavior Current Situation and (2021). Understanding System Design to interaction effects of
of urban residents: An Countermeasures of Younger Tourists' Promote Beijing norms and attitudes
analysis based on Green Travel for Intention Toward Citizens’ Green Travel on green travel
interaction and regulating College Students. IOP Environmentally Behavior. Art and intention: An empirical
effects in Chinese cultural Conference Series, Responsible Behavior. Design Review, 8, 148- study in eastern
context. Journal of 531, 012053. Geojournal Of Tourism 158. doi: China. Journal of
Cleaner Production, 274, https://doi.org/10.108 And Geosites, 36(2spl), 10.4236/adr.2020.83011 Cleaner Production,
122894. 8/1755-1315/531/1/012 646– 653. 197, 1317- 1327.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jc 053 Https://Doi.Org/10.3089 https://doi.org/10.101
l epro.2020.122894 2 /Gtg.362spl12-694 6/j.jcl
epro.2018.06.293
Research Gap The research gap in this The research gap in The study mentions the This study lacks specific This study lacks
study is the absence of a this study is the impact of destination attention to the specific attention to
dedicated investigation absence of a dedicated green image on awareness, intentions, Generation Z
into the awareness, investigation into the environmental attitudes. and opinions of awareness and
intention, and opinion of awareness, intention, Further research could Generation Z in Beijing engagement in green
Generation Z regarding and opinion of explore the multifaceted regarding green travel. travel intention within
green travel. It focuses on Generation Z regarding aspects of a the context of the
the residents and on the green travel. destination's green extended TPB model.
communities. image and how they
influence various
dimensions of
environmentally
responsible behavior,
beyond just recycling.

Research This article aims to This study proposed The aim of this study is The study aims to The main aim of the
Objectives investigate and verify the targeted measures to to explain the TERIB by enhance the current study is to
existence of the encourage and guide integrating the environmental explore the main
consciousness-behavior students to choose destination image in awareness of travel determinants of
gap in urban residents’ green travel. TPB. The study focused among Beijing's citizens. individuals' green
green travel behavior in on younger tourist's It recognizes that by travel intention and
the context of Chinese intention to engage in promoting green travel analyze the
culture and to further recycling when traveling practices, residents can interaction effects of
discuss the reasons, contribute to subjective norms and
forms, and influencing environmental attitudinal factors that
factors of the existence of sustainability and a explain green travel
this gap. Based on these reduction in resource intention.
goals, this article wants to consumption.
develop relevant policies
and suggestions so as to
lead urban residents to
strengthen their green
travel awareness and act
accordingly.
Research They divided green travel Based on the reviews The model was tested In order to understand There are two steps
Methodology behaviour into of the domestic and with Data gathered from Beijing’s citizens’ travel to PLS analysis:
self-practice green travel foreign literatures on 229 younger tourists. behavior and measurement model
behavior (SPGTB) and green travel, this paper Survey was conducted environmental analysis and
interpersonal promotion determines the in Bali Island, Indonesia awareness, a structural model
green travel behavior research theme and (tourist destination area) questionnaire was used analysis (Chin, 1998).
(IPGTB) and examined methods, uses to investigate the ERIB to collect information on The measurement
the consciousness questionnaire survey of younger tourists. Self the relationship between model was employed
context-behavior and statistical analysis, Administered environmental protection to test the
theoretical framework by and uses descriptive questionnaires were attitudes and travel relationships between
using a survey (N = statistical analysis to used to collect the methods, ecological constructs and the
1475), which was sent to study the basic information using awareness of different corresponding items,
urban residents in the situation of individual convenience sampling travel methods, attitudes and the structural
east region of China. characteristics and methods. The toward model was adopted to
evaluate each questionnaire consists gasoline-powered test the relationships
parameter of three sections: the vehicles, attitudes between these
first part consists of a toward new-energy constructs.
short introduction about vehicles, frequently used
the research topic and travel methods, and
instruction about the travel method
questionnaire. The convenience. A total of
second section consists 459 valid questionnaires
of the demographic in were collected and
order to gain more revealed that 441 (96%)
information about the of the people needed to
participant travel more than once a
characteristics day.
including: Gender, Age,
Education, Profession,
Religion and so on. The
third part consists of the
questions for each
construct: each
construct comprises
items adopted from prior
research which have
been well established
and validated in various
contexts. Since, the
research objective is to
identify the ERIB among
young travelers.

Research Findings The findings were as Most people think that The result of this study Approximately 30% of The findings reveal
& Discussion follows. (1) Urban when dealing with the contributes to the extent the sample population that the interaction
residents adopt more traffic problems, the of theory of planned believed that terms of experiential
SPGTB than IPGTB, but government should behavior in the context environmental protection attitude and norms
their green travel play a major role and of ERB. Also, the results and travel methods are are positively
behavior implementation put forward rectification showed that younger related. Moreover, about associated with green
levels are lower than their measures; in the tourists are attached 60% of the sample travel intention,
green travel existing green travel with their social norm population rated the whereas the
consciousness levels. (2) mode, the use when traveling. They correlation between interaction terms of
Both the consciousness frequency of bicycles or will behave environmental protection instrumental attitude
and behavior factors have electric vehicles is not appropriately to the and travel methods as and norms are
obvious differences on very high, and there expectations of the "strong" or "very strong." negatively related to
the individual are many problems in people who are This suggests that, in green travel intention,
characteristic factors, but the use process; for important to them. general, Beijing's which implies that two
their variation trends are short-distance travel, Positive attitudes toward citizens have a relatively aspects of attitude
the exact opposite. (3) many people use the environment weak macro-level play a critical role in
Green travel walking or co-riding, encourage younger awareness of green motivating green
consciousness had an etc. tourists to minimize the travel. While a travel intention.
immediate main effect on negative environmental substantial portion Furthermore,
green travel behavior, but impact of their behavior acknowledges the subjective descriptive
it varied in the two types when traveling. The relationship between norms can increase
of green travel behavior, findings also highlight travel methods and an individual's green
and there were interaction the importance of environmental travel intention when
effects among the part destination image in protection, there is room they hold low
consciousness factors. shaping sustainable for increasing environmental
(4) Internal and external behavior. Also, Based awareness. The responsibility. Based
situational factors had on the findings, tourists statistical results show on the results,
significant regulating are more likely to that most people in the implications for
effects on part behave in a sustainable sample population had improving an
consciousness-behavior manner in destinations no objection to traveling individual's green
paths. (5) The Chinese that promote green in gasoline-powered travel intention,
cultural context (“face” practices. vehicles or new-energy limitations of the
culture) displayed vehicles. However, research and
significant contextual new-energy vehicles suggestions for
effects on the were more acceptable to further study are
relationships between the the surveyed sample discussed.
consciousness factors, compared to
situational factors and gasoline-powered
green travel behaviors. vehicles. This indicates
The first three results that people tended to be
indicate the existence of more environmentally
consciousness-behavior friendly and receptive to
gap, and the last two new-energy vehicles,
explain why the gap likely due to their lower
environmental impact.
Notably, more people
were neutral about using
gasoline-powered
vehicles, with 65.8%
expressing neutrality,
while 26.6% This study
sought to explore the
attitudes of young
tourists (Generation Z
tourists) towards green
travel offered by the
EU’s Erasmus+
programme and means
of low-emission
transport. The analysis
showed that surveyed
Gen Z tourists, if they do
not have additional
incentives, usually
choose the plane or
secondarily the train as
their means of long
distance travel. These
findings coincide with
the findings of Zhao et
al. [54] that flying by
plane is the most
popular form of travel.
Moreover, they do not
pay attention to whether
the means of transport
are high or low
emission. However, if
they are given a
financial incentive, even
if only in the form of a
one-time payment of a
green travel lump sum,
then most of them
(around 86%) are willing
to travel using means of
low-emission transport
or part of their trip in this
way. The answer to the
first research question of
whether there is a
relationship between
these choices is positive
(r1xy = 0.64). If they do,
however, it appears that
the stimulus is not a
desire to care for the
environment but
economic and cognitive
landscape factors (r2xy
= 0.32). Thus, the
answer to the second
research question is that
the economic factor
plays a more important
role than approval of
using them.
Gasoline-powered
vehicles were seen as
convenient and
long-lasting, which
encouraged their
continued use.

Research Some relevant Adjust the bus or Destination the study's This study
Recommendation suggestions are put subway routes and management is recommendations may emphasizes the
forward to promote urban strengthen the road encouraged to introduce include actions to importance of
residents’ green travel control, improve the eco-friendly and/or enhance considering both
behavior and a high level road structure, relieve sustainable activities awareness of green emotional and rational
of consistency in their the traffic pressure and related to younger travel, aspects of attitudes,
consciousness and improve people's tourists. Further, tourist promote new-energy leveraging social
behavior willingness for green destinations are also vehicles, implement norms, and tailoring
travel and recommended to incentives for interventions to
environmental leverage social norms eco-friendly promote green travel
awareness; the as it can motivate travel, facilitate intention effectively.
excessive use of traffic individuals to reduce interdepartmental Additionally, it
resources by cars is their environmental cooperation, monitor highlights the role of
considered by most footprint when traveling. progress, engage the policies and
people to be the main Local community is public, conduct ongoing communication
cause of urban traffic encouraged to set research, and develop strategies in
problems; it is an norms that encourage sustainable influencing individual
urgent problem for tourists and visitors to transportation attitudes and
relevant departments to support the infrastructure. These intentions related to
take corresponding environmental measures aim to sustainable travel
measures for different protection in the address practices.
reasons of not destination. To illustrate, traffic congestion and
choosing green travel the local community in resource consumption
mode. Therefore, in the tourist destination while
addition to should promote building an ecologically
strengthening citizens' recycling. responsible urban
awareness of environment in Beijing.
environmental
protection, increasing
external supervision is
also an important way
to promote a green
travel

Research Article Gen Z’s Attitude towards Antecedents of Young peoples’ Research on the Young Travellers and
Green Image Behavioral Intentions environmentally Impact of Social Green Travel in the
Destinations, Green of Green City sustainable tourism Propaganda and Post-COVID Era
Tourism and Behavioral Tourists attitude and responsible Guidance Policies
Intention Regarding behavioral intention on Public Green
Green Holiday Travel Intention:
Destination Choice: A Evidence From
Study in Poland and China
India
Citation Nowacki, M., & Chawla, Wang, H.-J. (2021). Eichelberger, S., & Yang, D., & Sun, S. Nagaj, R., &
Y. (2022). Gen Z’s Antecedents of Pikkemaat, B. (2023). (2022). Research Žuromskaitė, B. (2022).
Attitude towards Green behavioral intentions Young peoples’ on the Impact of Young Travellers and
Image Destinations, for green city environmentally Social Propaganda Green Travel in the
Green Tourism and tourists. sustainable tourism and Guidance PostCOVID Era.
Behavioral Intention Environment, attitude and responsible Policies on Public Sustainability, 15(18),
Regarding Green Development and behavioral intention. Green Travel 13822.
Holiday Destination Sustainability. Tourism Review. Intention: Evidence https://doi.org/10.3390/s
Choice: A Study in https://doi.org/10.1108/tr- From China. u151 813822
Poland and India. 01-2023-0022 Frontiers in
Sustainability, 15(10), Sustainability, 3,
7860. 927584.
https://doi.org/10.3390/s https://doi.org/10.33
u15107860 89/frsus.
2022.927584

Research Gap The study emphasizes The gaps of the The study highlights the This study lacks This study relates to the
behavioral intentions and study include the perspective of specific attention to limited existing research
willingness to pay but generalizability of Generation Z and Generation Z as a on Generation Z tourists'
does not analyze Gen Z findings to all deepens the target demographic awareness, intention,
travelers' actual behavior Taiwanese visitors to understanding of their when investigating and opinions regarding
and If people choose green cities, the attitudes and behavioral the impact of social green travel, particularly
green travel choices. need for additional intentions toward propaganda and within the context of the
respondents, and environmentally guidance policies on green travel program.
the opportunity for sustainable tourism. green travel
future research to willingness.
include elements
including biospheric
values, social norms,
and climate change
beliefs.

Research Objectives The primary aim of paper This study proposes This study aims to The study aims to The aim of this paper
was to validate the a model to examine implement environmental know the Impact of was to assess whether
relationships between the antecedents of sustainability and restore Social Propaganda young tourists are
the factors in the behavioral intentions the balance through and Guidance interested in green
behavioral model, among visitors to environmentally Policies on Public mobility, whether they
namely green cities. responsive behavior. As Green Travel are willing to use means
pro-environmental Three green-related well as to explore the Intention of low-emission transport
attitudes, a destination’s constructs—green Gen Z’s underlying when making trips, what
perceived green image, city image, green reasons and factors play a role in
intentions to select a perceived value, and explanations behind their their means of transport
green tourist destination, green city attitudes and behavioral choices, and whether
and willingness to pay for satisfaction—as well attempts. risk aversion influences
it as behavioral their choices.
intentions,
experience quality,
and
prior research.

Research Methodology A preliminary pilot study Tourists who had feel comfortable The weight of each As part of the research
was conducted with a previously visited (Hennink, 2013). A focus index is determined. process, the authors
convenience sampling Taiwan's green cities group schedule with Considering that the conducted two surveys
method involving 28 were chosen for the subjective weighting and an economic
questions designed to
individuals in English and study's sample. A method leads to experiment. The
Polish to validate and survey was used to stimulate in-depth biased results due research group was 36
enhance the survey collect a total of 482 discussions (Hennink, to the limitation of Generation Z students in
instrument. The authors responses, which 2013) (see Appendix 1 human experience, Poland , benefiting from
sent the survey link to were then subjected for the focus group this study uses the the Erasmus+
their colleagues and to structural equation schedule) was prepared. entropy method in programme, i.e., both
some Gen Z participants modeling (SEM) After conducting three the objective Europeans coming to
in Poland and India. analysis. weighting method Poland and Poles going
focus groups, theoretical
They collected feedback for weighting. to EU countries.
that was consequently saturation was Information was
used to modify the considered to have been distributed among
questionnaire reached, which was Generation Z
appropriately. The confirmed with the fourth representatives about
responses collected focus group (Nelson, the possibility of
during the pilot phase 2017).Austrian participating in the
were not included in the Generation Z members survey. Only people who
final sample utilized for (for reasons of have used or intend to
the analysis of this study. use green travel within
conductibility) were
The refined final the Erasmus+
questionnaire featured selected using programme were able to
38 questions: 36 were judgmental sampling participate in the survey.
mandatory, 1 conditional, based on the following In implementing the
and 1 discretionary categories: (i) year of research questions
open-ended type. The birth (Dwivedula et al., posed in the thesis, the
authors employed 2019) with individuals research process in the
advanced security paper will consist of
born betweenThe study
features and three stages. Stage one
user-friendly approaches a critical is to investigate, using a
functionalities to realist paradigm to study survey method with a
enhance the survey’s the realities and opinions questionnaire technique,
security and usability. of Generation Z by whether tourists are
These measures observing, explaining taking advantage of the
included averting and interpreting their opportunity to travel
multiple submissions and using environmentally
perceptions (Easton,
detecting bots using an friendly (low emission)
integrated data field 2010).To probe deeply means of transport.
(reCAPTCHA), into the attitudes and
safeguarding the surveys behavioral intentions of
from accidental Generation Z, four focus
scanning, and enabling group discussions were
respondents to complete
conducted (with seven to
the questionnaire later.
Qualtrics, the platform eight participants)
hosting the survey, (Wilkinson, 2008;
provided all of these Hennink, 2013). A
features. trained moderator led the
discussions, who
intended to stimulate
discussions between
participants, as well as
ensure a nonthreatening
and permissive group
environment to make the
focus group participants
the mid-1990s and
mid-2000s; (ii) balanced
gender distribution and
(iii) different occupations
(see Appendix 2 for
detailed information
about the focus group
participants).
Approaching Generation
Z for participation in the
focus groups implies an
interest in environmental
sustainability, even
though no control over
the knowledge level
about sustainability due
to the intention to cover
divergent perspectives
was pursued (Hennink,
2013; Wilkinson, 2008).
Focus groups were
conducted online via
Zoom due to prevailing
COVID-19 regulations
and lasted on average
94 min.

Research Findings & As Han [27] emphasized, This study The study determined It reveals the This study sought to
Discussion understanding the demonstrates that that Generation Z’s internal influence explore the attitudes of
drivers of green behavior the perceived worth, environmental attitude is mechanism of social young tourists
and choices is essential satisfaction, and triggered by social propaganda policies (Generation Z tourists)
for designing efficient image of a green city pressure, social media, on the public's towards green travel
strategies to reduce are positively as well as by the green travel offered by the EU’s
contemporary tourism’s impacted by COVID-19 pandemic.In intention. The main Erasmus+ programme
negative environmental experience quality. terms of touristic findings are as and means of
impact [95,96]. These Experience quality behavioral intention, follows. (1) Social low-emission transport.
drivers also seem has a favorable Generation Z focuses on propaganda and The analysis showed
increasingly relevant in effect on image, climate-friendly travel, guidance policies that surveyed Gen Z
the discussion on perceived value, and on-site mobility, waste have a significant tourists, if they do not
tourism and the SDGs pleasure, according avoidance, and positive impact on have additional
and are shaped in to earlier studies. economic and social public willingness to incentives, usually
ever-faster-changing This study expands sustainability . travel green. It has choose the plane or
circumstances [55]. The these conclusions to By furthermore a significant positive secondarily the train as
findings of this research ecotourism in cities. highlighting Generation impact on public their means of long
justify the legitimacy of The study also Z’s responsibility attitudes, subjective distance travel. These
applying the theory of demonstrates that, ascription to the supply norms, and findings coincide with the
planned behaviour [54] in to a certain extent, and the demand side, in perceived findings of Zhao et al.
the above contexts, the mediators addition to illustrating the behavioral control of [54] that flying by plane
especially when between experience demand for framework green travel. (2) is the most popular form
choosing an (eco)tourism quality and conditions to be created Public attitudes, of travel. Moreover, they
destination. behavioral intentions from governments and subjective norms, do not pay attention to
The study established for green cities destinations, the and perceived whether the means of
that among Gen Z, diverge from earlier knowledge scope on behavioral control of transport are high or low
ecological beliefs (NEP) studies. The lack of environmental green travel play a emission. However, if
have a relationship with evidence for indirect sustainability is mediating effect they are given a financial
attitudes towards green effects of experience expanded. between social incentive, even if only in
tourism, social norms, quality on behavioral propaganda policies the form of a one-time
and perceived behavioral intentions through and green travel payment of a green
control (H1.1, H1.2, and perceptions of green intention. Among travel lump sum, then
H1.3). The results cities may be a them, the mediating most of them (around
indicate that when Gen Z result of both effect of the 86%) are willing to travel
individuals are tourists' likely high subjective norm is using means of
environmentally aware, expectations for relatively weak. (3) low-emission transport
their attitude towards environmental The monthly or part of their trip in this
green tourism is excellence and disposable income way. The answer to the
significantly positive, and green cities' strong of the household first research question of
perceived behavioral eco-benefits. and the daily main whether there is a
control and social norms Satisfaction is highly travel distance have relationship between
are strengthened. These influenced by green a negative these choices is positive
findings coincide with perceived value and correlation with the (r1xy = 0.64). If they do,
earlier studies conducted green city public green travel however, it appears that
on older generations perception. The willingness, the stimulus is not a
[37,38,71,84]. They are study further shows indicating that the desire to care for the
also consistent with the that the relationship public mainly environment but
belief that there is a need between green considers its costs economic and cognitive
to develop pro ecological perceived value, when choosing landscape factors (r2xy
awareness, which will green city image, travel modes, and = 0.32). Thus, the
stimulate and increase and behavioral less consideration answer to the second
interest in pro ecological intentions is for environmental research question is that
as well as sustainability mediated by costs the economic factor
practices in tourism and satisfaction, plays a more important
daily life contexts [97,98]. emphasizing the role than environmental
Moreover, our research significance of awareness in the choice
responds to the recent pleasure in of means of transport
suggestion made by [27] encouraging visitors (low emission). A finding
to look for a common to return to can therefore be drawn
research perspective attractions and for decision-makers that
across the interplay spread favorable higher subsidies for
between tourism, word-of-mouth. green travel would
consumer behavior, and encourage a higher
environmental
psychology. This would
enable more effective
promotion of eco-friendly
behaviors and green
tourism consumption.

Research This suggests that future According to the The study should To better improve Should improve creating
Recommendations studies should consider research, in green consider the influence of the public's green financial incentives,
additional dependent cities, experience social pressure, social travel intention, the raising awareness,
variables, such as quality can affect government should enhancing cognitive
motivation and perceived people's behavioral media, and the COVID-19 continue to factors, expanding
service quality [99], intentions. City pandemic on Generation propagandize the eco-friendly
resulting in policy makers should Z's environmental public actively using transportation options,
self-transcendence and concentrate on attitudes and behaviors various new media, considering risk taking
conservation [39], as well strengthening in order to effectively such as WeChat, behavior, conducting
as altruistic, biospheric, tourists' impressions Weibo, live ongoing research,
hedonic, and egoistic of green cities promote environmentally platforms, short fostering partnerships,
values [37,72]. Verifying through various sustainable tourism . videos, etc. At the and engaging young
the proposed model marketing methods same time, the tourists in the
among other generations and bettering service government should development of policies.
(Baby Boomer, X, and Y) interactions in order improve the These measures aim to
and in different to change this. authority of publicity encourage young
cultural/national contexts Focusing on visitors' agencies to help to travelers to make
would be highly value perceptions change the public greener transportation
intriguing. As Moons et and satisfaction with cognitive value of choices and contribute to
al. [106] suggested, a city's superior green travel, and sustainable mobility in
verifying this model by environmental improve public the context of programs
considering respondents’ credentials can also willingness to green like Erasmus+ green
income levels would be affect their travel. In terms of travel.
promising. Additionally, it behavioral propaganda
would be desirable to intentions. City content, it should
include a gender policy makers could change the past
perspective in the offer third-party propaganda content
proposed theoretical certifications, such as energy
framework. provide more consumption and
information on the environmental
city's environmental pollution, and add
performance, and diversified
use a variety of information that is
marketing channels closely related to
to emphasize the public daily life,
city's sustainability in such as emotion,
order to increase economy, safety,
satisfaction. health, and
Surveying visitors' environmental
happiness after a trip protection.
can also serve to
raise the standard of
green experiences.