God Frwides 4beirduenbaees CIVIL SERVICE EXAM REVIEWER SECOND EDITIONE EXAMINEE’S GUIDE IN TAKING THE CIVIL SERVICE EXAMINATION - PEN AND PAPER TEST IMPORTANT: After payment of the examination fee, make sure that you return your examination application form to the CSC Action Officer to complete its processing. Upon completion, you should have been given and received your Application Receipt with the corresponding original CSC Official Receipt, and this Guide. BEFORE EXAMINATION DAY Y School Assignment/Testing Venue As applicable, examinees shall be informed of their place of examination (school assignment) through the Online Notice of School Assignment (ONSA). The School Assignment may also be indicated on the Application Receipt. ONSA shall be available via the CSC website www.csc.gov.ph approximately two weeks before the examination day. ONSA can also be accessed through the path hittp://webapp.csc.gov.ph/ExamAssign/ExamAssign.htm. Examinees are advised to have a print-out of their Notice of School Assignment using ONSA. If the examinees cannot access the ONSA and/or still do not know their school assignment one week before the examination day, they should inquire directly with the CSC Regional/Field Office concerned. A complete directory of CSC Regional/Field Offices nationwide is available at the CSC website www.csc.gov.ph. ¥Y~ Examinees should visit the school/testing venue at least one day before the examination day to familiarize themselves with the location of the school/testing venue. v Examinees are advised of the scope of examination and other relevant information.i Professional Level [re ference Sub-Professional Leve; fn English and Filipino In English and Filipino * Vocabulary; * Vocabulary; ¢ Grammar and Correct * Grammar and Correct Usage; Usage; «Paragraph Organization; |e Paragraph Organization «Reading Comprehension; |* Reading Comprehensio, Scopeof |e Analogy; e Spelling; Examination |, Logic; and . Clerical Operations; ang |e Numerical Reasoning _|¢ Numerical Reasoning General information items on the following: ~ Philippine Constitution; Code of Conduct and Ethnical Standards for Public Officials | and Employees (R.A. No. 6713); | Peace and Human Rights Issues and Concepts; and Environment Management and Protection __ | Reference Professional Sub-Professional l Level Level _No. of Test Items 170 165 Time Limit 3 hours, 10mins 2 hours, 40 minutes _| Test Proper — | 8amtolt0am. | 8am.to 10:40am. Time Required for Pre and | Approximately one hour before and one hour | Post Examination Activities _ {Documentation | after the test proper Examini ees are also advised to read the corresponding Examination Advisor) Posted on the CSC website. ON EXAMINATION DAY A. v Vii REMINDERS Wear proper attire on the examination day (sleeved shirt/blouse). Pleas € that short pants or slippers are not allowed. E; c| mains Should be at their assigned school/testing venue early on GATES a ay. Testing Venues shall be open to examinees at 6:00 u STING VENUES SHALL BE CLOSED AT 7:30 AM. Examitwho will arrive later than 7:30 AM shall NOT be admitted in the testing venue. Bring the following items on the examination day: 1. LD. card, preferably the same I.D. card presented during the filing of application even if already expired. Otherwise, bring any of the following I.D. cards which are valid (i.e not expired): Driver's License; Passport; GSIS ID; SSS ID; BIR ID (ATM type/TIN card with picture); Barangay ID; Current Company /Office ID; * Current School ID (validated for the current school year/semester /trimester); © PhilHealth ID (must contain the bearer’s name clear picture signature and PhilHealth number); * PRCID; or * Police Clearance. Note - ONLY the LD. cards included in the above list shall be accepted Original PSA (formerly NSO) Birth Certificate (if LD card has no date of birth). ‘Application Receipt with corresponding Official Receipt (if available). Notice of Assignment generated thru the ONSA (as applicable); Black ballpen/s only; and Clear bottled water or preferred beverage (except alcoholic beverage) placed in clear/transparent container and/or candies/biscuits, if any, shall be subject to inspection by the Room Examiner/Proctor. N SnpwIMPORTANT REMINDERS: NO LD, NO EXAM Failure to take the examination on your scheduled date shall mean forfeiture of your examination fee and slot. Re-scheduling of examination date is NOT allowed. : Bringing of cellular phones and any other gadgets, including calculators, wristwatches with calculator, books and any other forms of printed materials and all other similar items is NOT allowed. If brought, these shall be surrendered to the security guard/designated firearm custodian at the entrance gate of the school/testing venue | B. PRELIMINARY ACTIVITIES/DOCUMENTATION * Before occupying their designated seats, examinees should put ALL ther personal belongings in front of the room. Baseball caps, sunglasses jackets/sweatshirts (except in cool places, or as needed), and other similar clothing/accessories must also be placed in front of the room. Examinees should also empty all their pockets of any pieces of paper ané all other materials/items. Examinees wearing long sleeves should roll the same up to elbow level. * For the preliminaries, the only items that the examinees should bring wit them in their seats are: 1) Black ballpen/s only; 2) Two extra pictures (to be given by the Room Examiner 0” o examination day); 3) Application Receipt/Notice of Assignment/Admission applicable) and sear bottled water/preferred beverage except al Placed in clear/transparent container and/or biscul pass (® 4 coholic beveras® ts /candies, if an Three (3 ned: (3) important documents in the examination shall be accomplish’ the Answer § . stare’: Plan insta the Examinee Attendance Sheet and the PicturIn accomplishing the above forms, use BLACK BALLPEM ONLY for ALL WRITTEN and ALL SHADED entries; Print legibly personal information as required Name ~ should be in the format First Name, Middle Initial, Last Name, and Extension Name (if any) Kxample: JUAN A. DELA CRUZ IL SEX ~ should be written in full Date of Birth ~ should be written completely in the format month, day and year, The month should be in full word or abbreviation and not in nurnber. ‘The year should not be abbreviated. Correct: October 10, 1974 or Oct. 10,1974 Wrong: 10/10/74, 10/10/1974 After accomplishing the forms on the Proctor’s table, examinees should put/keep their Application Receipt/Notice. THE ANSWER SHEET The Answer Sheet has numbers written vertically that correspond to the question items. After each question are five (5) circles corresponding to the five (5) answer options. For each question, choose the correct or best answer from among the given answer options and on the Answer Sheet shade completely the circle that corresponds to your chosen answer option using BLACK BALLPEN ONLY. Below are important reminders in accomplishing the Answer Sheet: ¢ Use BLACK BALLPEN only in filling out all text fields and in marking/shading answers. * DO NOT USE gel pen, sign pen, fountain pen, friction pen, or any other kinds of pen including other colors of ball pen. © Shade neatly and completely the circles. * To change an answer: > Putan “X” mark over the original answer, then shade the circle that corresponds to the new and final answer. * DO NOT USE correction fluid, correction pen, correction tape, pen eraser, or any other similar materials,Examinees are allowed to CHANGE AN ANSWER for each },.., item ONLY ONCE. DO NOT make any stray/unnecessary marks on the Answer She, > Illustration Marking/Shading Answers Changing an Answer CORRECT SHADING TO CHANGE YOUR ANSWER, PUT AN X OVER e THE ANSWER, THEN SHADE YOUR NEW WRONG SHADING ANSWER. TRCOP BWOC!OO . TEST PROPER For the test proper, the ONLY ITEMS to remain with the examinees in their seats are: 1) Accomplished Answer Sheets 2) Black ballpen/s, and 3) Clear bottled water /beverage and candies/biscuits (if any) Use of any aid in answering the test questions (i.e., calculators, books dictionaries and any other forms of printed materials, watch calculators cellular phones, tablets and any other gadgets, and all other similar materials/items) is strictly PROHIBITED. At any point during the examination, DO NOT STAND TO SUBMIT YOUR TEST MATERIALS. The Proctor shall approach examinees at their seats ® collect their Answer Sheets and Test Booklets. All remaining examinees, 10 minutes before the Properly allowed to leav W whether or not they finish answering the test? ti allotted time, shall stay inside the room e, Waiting time may take 30 minutes to one PASSING GRADE To pa i Pass the test, an examinee should get a general rating of at least 80.00-RELEASE OF TEST RESULTS The List of Passers shall be uploaded/posted on the CSC website www.csc.gov.ph within 41 days after the examination. Examination rating can be generated approximately 15 days after the List of Passers is posted using the Online Civil Service Examination Result Generation System (OCSERGS) which can also be accessed through the CSC website. Those who pass the examination should verify with the CSC Regional Office the availability of their Certification of Eligibility. Passers must personally claim their certification. Representatives are not allowed to claim the same. The basic requirements in claiming the certification are: 1) At least one identification (I.D.) card preferably the same ILD. card presented during filing of application or any of the other accepted I.D. cards in which case the I.D. card must be valid i.e. not expired. The I.D. card must contain the holder’s name, clear picture, date of birth (if any) and signature and the name and signature of the issuing agency's current head /authorized representative. Note: ID cards accepted are: Driver's License, SSS ID, GSIS ID, PhilHealth ID (must contain the holder's name, picture, signature and PhilHealth number), current Company/Office ID, school ID (must be validated for the current school year/semester/trimester), postal ID, BIR ID (ATM type/TIN card type with picture), Barangay 1D, Voter's ID, passport, PRC ID, and Police Clearance. Any other ID card not included in the above list shall not be accepted. 2) Application receipt, if available. The CSC Regional/Field Office may require additional documents as necessary to establish the identity of the passers. Claiming of certification shall be available approximately 30 days after the posting of the List of Passers. A corresponding Advisory on these matters shalll be posted on the CSC website. For any other concerns on examination results including queries on examinee number, examinees should verify directly with the CSC Regional Office concerned. The CSC Regional Offices shall handle the release and distribution of the examination results and Certification of Eligibility. xiiiTHE ANTI-CHEATING LAW The CSC uses a highly reliable system to detect cheats. Examinees are strong) Warned that any form of cheating 1p any civil service examination shail iy considered a violation of Republic Act No. 9416, which shall be a basis for the filjp, of an administrative case and/or criminal prosecution. a The forms of cheating are, as follows: 1) Use of crib sheets or “codigo”; 2) Impersonation; 3) Employinga “poste” ora person inside or outside of the examination room who may or may not be an examinee but provides examinees with answers; 4) Collusion of whatever nature between examinees and examination | personnel; 5) Examinee number switching; » 6) Possession and/or use of fake Certificate of Eligibility; and 7) Such other acts of similar nature which facilitate the passing of examination. Any person convicted of any crime involving any form of cheating shall be meted the penalty of imprisonment from six (6) to twelve (12) years and a fine of note than Fifty Thousand Pesos (Php50,000.00). Apart from imprisonment and fine, offenders who are in government service shall be administratively liable for Dishonesty and Grave Misconduct and will be imposed the penalty of dismissal from the service with all its accessory penalties of forfeiture of retirement benefits except leave credits earned and personal contributions to the GSIS, if any, cancellation of eligibility, bar from taking any civil povennmmenaanation and perpetual disqualification from re-entering a government service. On the ather hand, private individuals shall be perpetts!! examination, ring the government service and from taking the Civil servi THE CSC sot The Gee eoCTAL RESPONSIBILITY PROGRAM under its Soci Shine examinees on a VOR Star sponsibility Program will collect the used pallpens DepEd schools all over ARY basis after the examination and will donate the” this purpose, you may tre country whose students are mostly in need of then ‘ way out after the examination Sed Dallpens in designated containers 00 Y° pt) (taken from www.csc.20¥ PVERBAL ABILITYof speech NOUN CATEGORIES LM ese uy aod cue Example s toa class of president, city, book Z _ Collective Nouns - refers to a group of nouns | Pluralized NOUNS VERBS ADJECTIVES ADVERBS PRONOUNS ARTICLES E, PREPOSITIONS on, of, across, CONJUNCTIONS and, or, ® INTERJECTIONS No!, Alas!, Oh er d. object ofa object of a transitive verb e. appositive complement of a linking verb Common Noun - rr general category Proper Noun stoa specific / ticular noun According to grammatical number: Count Nouns ~ can be counted; can be Non-count or Mass Nouns - cannot be counted Abstract Nouns - intangible nouns Concrete Nouns - tangible nouns preposition ~ Brainbox, Philippines, Hany ¥ s capitalized Potter computer, bookVERBAL ABILITY WORKSHEET 1: NOU’ Directions: In each pair of sentences below, a word from the first sentence ha transformed into a noun to make the second sentence grammatically correct. Choose the correct transformation according to the meaning of the sentence. 1, [can tell the future through my dreams. My dreams are ____ about the future a. preparation b. premonition 2. I wish to rule the world! | want to become the of the world. a. measurer b. ruler 3. Only greedy people wish to become so ______ is what makes people want to rule the world a. Greedism b. Greed 4. [probably lost the bracelet my best friend gave me for my birthday at the park benches Iam the ___ of the bracelet found at the park benches. a. owner b. loser 5. Gavin operates the heavy machineries in the factory. The of the machineries in the factory is Gavin. a. operator b. in-charge 6. It is also his job to maintain the machineries. The of the machineries is also part of his job. a. maintainance b, maintenance 7. Whenever I feel stressed, I go to a massage and spa center to feel relaxed. Iseek when | go to a massage and spa center. a. relaxation b. relaxing 8. Mang Eddie is known for making classical furnitures. Mang Eddie is a known classical furniture a. carver: b. maker 9. Sheldon’s achievements are inspiring! Sheldon is my because of his achievements. a. inspiration b. inspiracion 10. Amy wants to pursue her dreams but she fears what the future holds. of the future is what holds Amy back. a. Afraid b. Fear11, 15. 16 17. 18. 19, 20. challenge because | am determined to achieve my dreams cada to achieve my dreams keeps me going. wy vercoming b. determination a. Colonel Smith’s planning methods are remarkable! Colonel Smith makes remarkable ___- a. methodology b. plans _ The wolf thinks about the tender young creature he metat the forest, ‘The tender young creature fills the wolf's _. a. thoughts b. belly Sinbad is the king of the seven seas. The seven seas are part of Sinbad’s _. a. reign b. kingdom Elise sued the man who harassed her. Elise filed a____ against her harasser. a. lawsuit b. business suit Tam planning on travelling out of the country this year. My this year will be out of the country. a. plans b. travels Hans Christian Andersen wrote my favorite fairy tale. Hans Christian Andersen is the of my favorite tale. a. producer b. author The festival is meant to connect us with our primitive sides. The festival is for us to find our with our primitive side. a. connection b. mention The mother wanted the kids to know their heritage. The mother believes that about one’s heritage is important. a. want b. knowledge tseems, though, that she does not know how dangerous it is. Though it seems that she does not know its___. a. dangers b. toughnoun’s referenc sex of the Gender in English grammar refers to the biologica thus, masculine or feminine for animate nouns, neuter for inanimate nouns. PE eCe ers [director | directress | dog | bitch | baron baroness | gander__ goose giant___| giantess _| heir heiress duke __| duchess | merman mermaid emperor | empress __| nephew [niece [alumnus alumna roomboy __| chambermaid emeritus | emerita | warlock | witch {czar 5 czarina__| widower __| widow SOME GUIDELINES Some apparent feminine derivations might no’ counterpart of the masculine form: t actually be used as the feminine governor [male or female head of a province] v governess [hired female household administrator]; | \ master [one having control over another] v mistress [a woman other’ than a man’s wife with whom he has a continuing romantic relationship];4 VERBAL ABILITY WORKSHEET 2: GENDER Directions: Identify the option that correctly fills in the blank, 1. The protagonist in the movie The Sound of Music is Maria, a. fraulein b. frau 2. Maria started working as a in the Von Trapp family. a. governor b. governess 3. ____ Montague will scon own all the land his eyes can see. a. Mademoiselle b. Monsieur 4, ___ John and Vince are the sons of the Queen of Genovia. a. Princess b. Princes 5. James Bond had different ___ in his movies. a. heroins b. heroines 6, Atan early age of 25, Peter is given the title__ of Cambridge. a. duke b. duchess 7, His wife, Aurora, is now the __ of Islington. a, duke b. duchess 8. Hermione is known as the brightest __ of her time. a. witch b. wizard 9. King Arthur hada ___ adviser named Merlin. a. witch b. wizard 10. lama big fan of Professor _____ Lydia Cruz. a. emerita b. emeritus 11. Kentis stilla ___ because he serves as the breadwinner of the family. a. spinster b. bachelor 12. Nick's received an alimony after the burial. a, widow b. widower 13. The new administratrix wants to implement rules today. a, his b. her 14, When they visited the farm, they saw a lay eggs. a. duck b. doe 15. The monks adore Ben. They believe he will be a great__. a. earl b. abbot 16. Bianca was known to be a famous in the District Attorney's office a. executor b. executrix 17. The _taughed as her brother fell off the horse. a. czarina b. czar ‘ 18. Manny was delighted when he was addressed as__ when he visited? a. signor b. si . signora 19. lack and the Beanstalk is a famous tale that deals with ____— giants b. giantess 20. Elizabeth lives asa inthe city of Paris. acount b. countessUrea Grammatical number refers to the meanings “singular” and “plural” as signaled initially in the noun, and, because of agreement rules, also in the determiner and verb. The most common regular form is constructed by adding “-s” and “-es.” tee itt Bite fite brother brethren bacillus bacilli child ____| children J alumna alumnae louse lice ___| alumnus ox | oxen amoeba___| amoebae | tooth __jteeth | apex _apices_ [mouse | mice [cactus | cacti | agendum agenda corpus corpora __ [alga algae curriculum curricula datum data dogma dogmata _ focus _ foci __| formula formulae forum | fora fungus fungi hippopotamus | hippopotami_| larva larvae nucleus nuclei ovum | ova stimulus stimuli suffix | suffixes vertebra [vertebrae _| analysis analyses | crisis L crises criterion criteria [phenomenon | phenomena __| thesis | theses _ neurosis neuroses oasis oases cherub cherubim coup d’état | coups d'état Some nouns have zero plural affix, they do not change whether in singular or plural use: cod series sheep wheat species headquarters deer odds elite regalia means swine Some nouns have no plural forms, they are always singular. advice (no *advices) aid ammunition documentation evidence homework implementation jargon jewelry learning smoke work (works is another noun)Collective forms of certain nouns: cattle for cows herd for sheep pride for lions pack of wolves mob for kangaroos gaggle for geese pod for whales range for mountains Collective forms also indicate the plural of a non-count noun: pieces of advice rounds of applause pieces/slices/loaves of bread pieces of evidence strands of hair bolts of lightning news items/articles/etc. music pieces/scores pieces of baggage pieces of equipment food items pieces/items of junk glasses/bottles of milk training courses/program Some nouns are plural in form and use. These have no singular forms, assets lyrics scissors manners minutes (ofa meeting) shorts belongings spirits (alcoholic drinks) statistics (facts) clothes pants thanks credentials proceedings ties eyeglasses riches remains Compound nouns take the plural form in the principal noun. curriculum vitae > daughter-in-law jailhouse waterhose secretary-general personnel manager notary public passerby major general King of England vv¥VVvY¥VVvVy curricula vitae daughters-in-law jailhouses waterhoses secretaries-general personnel managers notaries public passersby major generals Kings of EnglandVERBAL ABILITY WORKSHEET 3: GRAMMATICAL NUMBER Directions: Identify the plural or singular form of the nouns as required by the test sentences. The world faces many ___ at the moment. a. crisises b. crises Daniel can eat three __ of cake in five minutes. a. slices b. slice The retired major’s uniform is adorned with lots of ___ as proof of his service. a. regalia b. regalium I saw three ___ at the same time. a. rainbow b. rainbows Jeremy needed money to buy anew pair of ___ a. eyeglass b. eyeglasses Yvonne saw a» of fish when she went swimming in Maldives. a. school b. swarm Daisy bought a pair of ___ because it was on sale. a. pants b. pant “My mom sends her ___ for the gift you sent!” a. thanks b. thank The ____ on the mountain top is incomparable. a. sceneries b. scenery |. Ibecame my friends’___ today. a. chauffeur b. chauffeurs . We have to finish the _____ of our research data. a. analyses b. analysis . There area lotof_____in the forest. a. deer b. deers . Every week, we have to meet the for us to get our salary. a. quoti b. quota . The single that we need for our project is missing. a datum b. data . The‘class is anxious that they might not graduate because of their ay thesis b. theses . Upperclassmen are fond of pulling off to the freshmen during the first day of classes. a. hoaxen b. hoaxes . Please follow up the____ for our book. a. indices u b. indexes Thave to take up five classes. a. mathematics b, mathematecs ). The students were tasked to present a for their final exam. a. solilogi b. soliloquy Mariah Carey's concert was full of . a. peoples b. peoplei that expresses an action or a state of bi The following = ‘A verb isa word basic classifications of English verbs according to formal differentiation (accord to syntactic requirements): ie NE 1, Intransitive Verbs. These verbs do not have complements, Le. th not followed by noun or adjective phrases, since they indicate action by the subject, involving no one or nothing else. flicker: The light flickered. explode: Mt. Mayon exploded. S done 2. Transitive Verbs. These verbs are followed by noun phrases functioning as their direct object (also referred to as patient, or receiver of the action). love: Tom loves old movies. catch: The boy caught a butterfly. 3. Ascriptive (Linking) Verbs. These verbs are followed by a noun phrase, adjective phrase, or adverb of place or time (which may be a prepositional phrase). These verbs are also known as verbs of incomplete predication. They ascribe an identity, quality, or position to the subject by relating the succeeding part of the sentence, called their complement, to the subject. be: The event is today. become: The young beggar became a millionaire. seem: School seems fun. remain: We remain devoted. Auxiliary Verbs. These verbs are used to complete the verb phrase in certain constructions, certain Such as the emphatic, the negative, the passive, 0" the per eet and progressive aspects, They take the tense morpheme, which means at when these auxiliary verbs are used, the main verbs no longet cake te nse (t ere is only one tense morpheme in a clause), and remail Gee , or take the past or present participle. do: ye love you. I do not love you. I did love you. ° not tell me what to do. You did not tell me what to do. Modal Verbs, Thesi a e modificati fF th sen I can do that tay | should have left earlier. I could have done that task. 10 ey are6. Reflexive Verbs. These verbs take the reflexive pronoun, indicating actions done by the actor for himself. Scholars pride themselves on their discoveries. We shared a bottle of wine among ourselves. GUIDELINES ON USAGE: Some verbs are both intransitive and transitive. float pose blow lose return, heave float: The boat floats. The boat floats in the middle of the sea. squeak: The floor squeaked. The floor squeaked as I stepped on it. Ditransitive verbs take a direct object (goal) as well as an indirect object (source or beneficiary). ask: Ask her name from her friend. bring: Bring the thief to the police station. bought a pair of shoes for my brother. give: The young lady gave us gifts. tell: Tell the manager about the new inflation rate. Remember that only a few verbs are ditransitive. Do not convert a to or for phrase into an indirect object if the verb is not ditransitive. He offered to be the manager for them. He offered them to be the manager. Ascriptive Verbs Verbs of the seem group take an adjective as complement. Other verbs in this category are perception verbs: taste, appear, feel, look, smell and sound You look funny. It appeared alien, and we felt terrified. Verbs of the cost group take a noun phrase as complement, and are easily differentiated from transitive verbs by their inability to take the progressive aspect. Other verbs in this group are weigh, equal, have, make, come, to and consist of. ‘The investigation costs a lot of money, since it consists of several painstaking interviews done by different professionals. uwNote, however, that some verb forms may function in one sense as ascriptive ye, and in another sense as action verbs. Applying the progressive is one wa, differentiating between the two categories for the same verb form. 4 The mango tastes sweet. (ascriptive) The boy tastes the mango. (action, transitive) Tess weighs her options, (ascriptive) She is weighing them very carefully now. (action, transitive) { « — shallv should | In interrogatives asking for advice or making a suggestion, use shall with the pronouns / and we Shall we dance? Use should or shall for other persons. Should kids be allowed to go to parks alone? e = willv would In interrogatives making a request, use will or would the latter being more appropriate to formal situations Will you please keep quiet? Would you please clarify the rules on enrolment? In interrogatives asking for prediction, use will. Will 1 be successful? Will | pass the exam? ¢ shally will In interrogatives asking for information about the future, use the same future modals as in declaratives, ie. use shall for / and we. What shall | do when | meet him? and will for the other persons: How will the power outlook improve next month? Finer distin ‘ions a be made between shall and will: futurity | determination obligation | l/we To shal [will] will You - will | will will he/she/it/they will | will shall | 12can v may Fata oma and may are used to express permission, but with subtle ifferences. Use can to ask for permission under gencral rules or custom. Use may to ask for permission from a specific person, or to give permission to someone else, Can | cross the street? May | leave the class early today? All Jews and Adventists may take this Saturday's exam on Friday In many cases, can and may are interchangeable, Can/May we avail ourselves of your office’s communication channels? may v might May and might differ in communicating possibility. May indicates a serious or immediate possibility, might a remote one. We were clearly warned that our fight to Manila might be late. ‘The MIT may become the best engineering school in the country by the year 2007. For past possibility, only might is used with the main verb, But with the perfect aspect, may indicates that the possibility still exists, while might indicates it no longer does. She may have won the elections if the ballots were read and counted correctly. She might have run for the Senate, if anly she wanted to win, The modal verbs do not occur with each other: Iwill be going to submit my report shortly. + 1 will be submitting my report shortly. He might be about to propase to you. ~ He might soon propose to you.can v may Roth can and may are used to express Permission, but with subtle ferences. Use can to ask for Permission under general rules or custom, Use may to ask for perm: Permission to someone else, Can | cross the street? May | leave the class early today? All Jews and Adventists may take this Saturday's exam on Friday. 'ssion from a specific person, or to give In many cases, can and may are interchangeable. Can/May we avail ourselves of your office's communication channels? may v might May and might differ in communicating possibility. May indicates a serious or immediate Possibility, might a remote one. We were clearly warned that our fight to Manila might be late. The MIT may become the best engineering school in the country by the year 2007. For past possibility, only might is used with the main verb, But with the perfect aspect, may indicates that the Possibility still exists, while might indicates it no longer does. She may have won the elections if the ballots were read and counted correctly. She might have run for the Senate, if only she wanted to win. e modal verbs do not occur with each other. I will be going to submit my report shortly, ~ | will be submitting my report shortly. He might be about to propose to you. > He might soon propose to you.VERBAL ABILITY WORKSHEET 4: VERBS Directions: Identify the option that correctly fills in the blank. 14 1. 2. 3. 4. 10. 11, 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. Agroup just finished a round of Frisbee. a. had b. did They ___ stop the game after somebody sprained an ankle a. hadto b. can Due to the bad weather, we __ experience turbulence during our flight a may b. might You ___ nauseous. a. feel b. seem Ifshe had not done so, you ____ not be enjoying that masterpiece. a would b. should . With a voice-operated alarm clock, one ___ not get up to turn it of a. could b. need With enough practice, |__now do a headstand. a. will b. can 1___ exercise without going to the gym. va. amableto b. might Since I run up and down the stairs several times a day, | __— not ren’ my gym membership anymore. a. may b. need However, |___ remember to drink plenty of water and stay hydrate* a must b. can you attend the party next week? a. Shall b. Will |____ telephone calls in the mayor's office for my summer job. a trained b. handled 1___weekly reports about the calls. a taught b. completed Lara ___her test results today. a learned b. taught When Tala saw her payslip, she surprised. a. looked b. saw The manager __ troubled with financial problems. was b. were Due Jo her accidental injury, Sunny __ cancel her trip next month _ b. mat The student. a her assignment late last night. Kim, youl b. completed ——you please help clear the table? a. should ‘ Danny and Daniel ___ina fight none were ight when larry’ came over. .are ALae LNA KO) 4] English verbs have five principal parts, i.e., five main inflections: 1. infinitive = (to) go 2. presenttense - —_go, goes 3. past tense : went 4. progressive tense - —_going 5. past participle - gone VERB STEM * The base form of the verb is called the verb stem (VS). This is usually the bare infinitive. It is used: Vv with modals Man will prevail. Y with do in the interrogative and negative | did not inhale. ¥ with a verb of perception v They saw him draw the gun. with other bare infinitives Make them laugh. “to” in the infinitive construction is sometimes called the infinitive marker or infinitiver. The resulting form is called the to-infinitive. ¥ after catenative verbs as a nominal as anoun complement as an adjective complement as a sentence modifier I need to know the truth. To know the truth is what I need. My need to know the truth is strong. It is good to know the truth. To know the truth, meditate. SAN The present tense form (also called present simple) is the same as the verb stem form. The past tense form has regular and irregular forms. The regular forms present (3! person) past Enea blooms ‘bloomed | bloomed walks | _walked | walked Some verbs do not use the regular inflection for the past form and the past participle form. These are called irregular verbs (the more common verbs) Verbs which do not change in form for the past tense and past participle: bet cut quit spread bid rid hit set hurt let spit putps which have alternative forms - regular and irregular - for the past tense ay Verbs whicl eee pl a led | prove proved, proven | — | kneeled, knelt spell spelled, spelt | leaped, leapt spill spilled, spilt. learned, learnt spoil spoiled, spoilt Verbs which have the same form for the past tense and past participle, but which also change the vowel of the stem: bind => bound bleed > bled wind > wound wring > wrung sell > sold meet > met Verbs which have the same form for the past tense and past participle, but whici also change the vowel of the stem and have an added “-t” or “-d.” bring > brought catch > caught sleep >slept weep > wept Verbs which have quite different forms for the present tense, past tense and p# participle: STEAL ened eee xeon past participle am, is,are_| was, were | been does, do | did done Bo. goes, go went gone see ‘Sees, see s shrink am h swum Shre drunken, shrunken, and ank/shrunk | shrunk adjectives, # unken are the participial forms used become shrank is used to mean “become smaller” 16Verbs which change the vowel for the past tense, and change the vowel and/or add “on” for the past part if Verbs which change form for the past participle: arise arose_| arisen bid bade __| bidden bite bit _| bitten ride rode__| ridden the vowel for the past tense, and add “-n” to the past tense bear bore borne/born break broke _| broken choose chose _| chosen Lget got gotten J The verb forget also has forgot as past participle but forgotten is more common. beware is only used to express commands and warnings and is not inflected for the past tense nor progressive aspect. Beware of Ides of March. *Tourists were bewared of darkly lit alleys. TENSE USE EXAMPLE(S) Simple Declares general, |- There are thirty days in Present universal and true | September. Tense statements | - Our company ships products to |__many foreign countries. "Describes the > Treside in Gomez St, which is a regular /permanent five-minute walk to the office. features of one's life, non- | - I walk to school every day. action or habitual action Describes an event which | - The office opens at 9 am and depends on a fixed closes at 6 pm. timetable or scheme -_My class starts at 10 am. “Describes states -_ My friend is always on-the-go. Simple Past Describes an action which - We visited the museum Tense began and ended before yesterday. the present. - Betty taught for ten years. *the duration of the act is nat importantUSE EXAMPLE(S TENSE. Describes an action which My driver will pick meu esc) . Pat3 smo will happen in the future - I will not get up early. Pu Tense ~ ~ Present Describes an action going - We are preparing for our final thesis defense. Progressive on now : e Tense “allactionsare unfinished - am taking Calculus this and incomplete __ semester. a Past Describes an action which - My husband was working in the Progressive was in progress at a bodega last night. Tense certain timein the past__-_ The dogs were barking all night Future Describes an action thatis - She wants to know if you will be Progressive going on now and is working all night. Tense continuing into the future - I will be dancing until the sun — i ___ rises. _ 3 Describes an action to be - Liz will be performing onstage done in the future next week. _ 2 Present Describes an action "= The school has increased the Perfect completed at an indefinite tuition fee. Tense _timeinthepast__——_-_ Have you ever been to Norway! Describes a habitual or - Posh has worn eye contacts all continued action her life. _ pet Describes a past event - When | arrived home, he had Tense at happened before already called. ; another event in the past - Lawrence had washed his car “action A happened before when his friends arrived aa Separate from action mane Describes an action that - We will have finished this jo Tense on a ~ coin ceed by or April. wl fut Ps “ilied time inthe - By this time next year, my ee plans will have been comple ae already. Present « - _ Perfect beens an action which ~~ ‘The value of the PHP has b¢e” Progressive yet lid not finish falling. fot Tense action js att ono - Ihave been standing in line pest Describes a content the last couple of hours- out Progress ve action in the Past befeeit | + Thad been waiting for you 18 before I got sick.TENSE Tense Future Perfect Progressive Tense Examples: _Present Progressi e USE was overtaken by anather Past action Describes an action which is happening at the moment and will still be happening ata particular moment in the future ncing. EXAMPLE(S) ~ The team had been working ona Strategic plan when you gat hired. + ACB pm, Divine will have been studying for ten hours straight. Past Progressive “| |I was dancing all aflernoon yesterday 7 _ Future Progressive J will be dancing next week. | Present Perfect i Thave danced. Present Perfect Progressive Past Perfect Progressive Future Perfect Progressive ends, "| thad danced before s {Thad been dancing when you arrived. Twill have been dancing when the party ng: 194 VERBAL ABILITY WORKSHEET 5: TENSES Directions: Identify the option that correctly fills in the blank. yee 20 11, 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. "10. In Pirates of the Carribean, Capt. Jack Sparrow ___ played by Johnny be, a in b. was x Inrecent years, a great interest in saving ouroceans___ by ma a. was shown b. has been shown I____to buy a golden retriever since last summer. have wanted IY peop, b. wanted 1___ an advanced course in the French language for three weeks now. a. have been taking b. am taking Edgar Allan Poe___ Annabel Lee. a has written ~ The sun by the time the little a. had set _ b.wrote aot dey girlcamehome. 2 ™ 4 ~~"B- has been setting The company hopes they a suitable recruit on the job fair tomorm a. will find b. find When I got to my office cubicle, I realized 1__ my little sister’s lunch ya. had taken b. took Last weekI____ how to drive. +4, was teached _ b.was taught Nikola Tesla many things, both beneficial and not for mankind. a._has invented b. had invented 1 wish 1 __ go home for the holidays but my schedule is too tight: a can —b. could By May 15,1 here for five years. a. willhave stayed b. will had stayed Agnes ___ from asthma since she was born. a has been suffering b. had been suffering 1___ butterflies when I was a child, a. have been collecting -b collected Istill____butterflies, a. collect b. will collect Nextyear,I____coins fora change. a. collect b. will collect Rosa____that her n < leighbor is bound to do bad things. has always known ; b. have always known Since his capture, the spy has never __ " a spoke _b. spoken Some cattle ___for the festival, —e a. were killed i b. was killed Somehow, Moana believed that she is the bans ° a chosen one 0 b. choose oneA pronoun is a closed set of nominals whose referents are established in context. It is a word that takes the place of a noun. Pronoun Classifications: There are nine kinds of pronouns according to meaning and function: 1,_ Personal Pronouns Beet) Objective enn Eos ney 1 1 me my 2nd _you you your Singular m he him his Bf she her her n it it its = 1st we us. our ours Plural ‘2nd you you your yours 3rd they them their theirs 2. Relative Pronouns BT rssh Cy traskcs Ltethdd Human who whom whose Non-human which which which Hor non-H that that = 3. Demonstrative Pronouns d1 this these d2 that those 4, Interrogative Eliciting | Human Non-human | what what | - Selecting which which _| = 5. Indefinite singular: compound forms: {some-} {one} {any-} {-body} {no-} {-thing} {every-} another (i.e. one other) none (ie. no one) 21plural: both, many, few, several, others singular or plural according to sense: all, most, some 6. Impersonal: one 7. Distributive: cach, either, neither 8. Reflexive Singular Pate 1tperson myself L ourselves 2"¢ person yourself yourselves m himself themselves 3" person H __ herself themselves n itself themselves _ 9. Reciprocal: each, other, one another The possessive case denotes a sense of belonging, as in actual ownership (David: room) or in intent (David's room, the room for David). The of and for phrases are used more often when the complement (or object) now! of of/for is inanimate (e.g., the contents of the book vs the book’s content). The¢ and for phrases are used more often in formal writing. IRMING THE POSSESSIVE OF NOUNS nerally, the possessive case is formed by adding’s to the singular noun, or plu yun which does not end in the plural suffix “ 's” or only an apostrophe to the plu? Moun ending in “s”. the president's daughter my neighbor's girlfriend the presidents’ first ladies farmers’ organization Compound nouns add th. formation of the plural editor in chi : anit fathow tet > editor in chief’s (not editor's in chied “in-law > AntTenn someone else ; father-in-law’s > ; tee the ‘ Possessive suffix to their last element. This is unlike form, someone else's Personnel managers Personne! manager’s Compound nouns joined b: Y aco ways, with different meanings. " Jack and fill “ i j g Jack and Jill's [to indicate joint ownershiP] Jack's and Jill's [separate ownership] i wt Junction may add the possessive suffixWhen separate ownership is indicated, the modified noun must necessarily be plural. Jack's and Jill’s pails When a noun is followed by an appositive, the possessive suffix is added to the appositive. This is Mr. Lopez, the manager's, personal car. FORMING THE POSSESSIVE OF PRONOUNS The possessive case of indefinite pronouns is formed by adding ‘s, but the pronoun it takes only an “-s.” anybody > anybody’s it >it’s noone >noone's The possessive case of personal pronouns is formed idiomatically. ory I m Mine ou “your Yours he his His she her Hers it its (its) we our Ours they their Theirs _| 23VERBAL ABILITY WORKSHEET 6: PRONOUNS Directions: Identify the pronoun that correctly fills in the blank, 1. [cannot seem to find ____ who watched the documentary last night! a. nobody b. anybody 2. Joan still can’t believe she watched a horror movie by : a. oneself b. herself 3. After receiving passing marks on my Calculus, __ can make me sad today, a. anything b, nothing 4. Could reward __ this holiday with a trip to Vigan? a ourself b, myself 5, The restaurant's service crew is impolite, ___ is the only downside of the pla a. This b. That 6. My momis asking my brother and ___ if we're ready to go. al b, me 7. The wonderful discovery was made by __. a. they b. them 8. Lran after the robbers when | saw___ running away. a. them < b. themselves 9. Satine was the first woman___ Christian fell in love with. a who b, whom 10. ___ of us still have to understand that we should live for the present andst# worrying about the uncertainties of the future. a. Much _-b. Most 11.1 repaired ___ bicycle using spare parts from the garage. . __amy b. mine 12. The sunbeam never found ___ way to the ocean floor. a. their b. its 13. One can always spend more of ___ free time reading. a.their b. his 14.We shall see the crumbs of bread and ___will lead us back home. ait they 15. Nick keeps __ aunt's books in a trailer. a his b. her 16. The slaves were kept in an arena and made to fight among _—- mi By eir : b. themselves oa ese nets in__little shop in the corner. a. these; that b. this; those stalls 18, Whenever I go on vacation, I always buy souvenirs in small sta a that : b, those 19.___ fridge magnet behind you was bought in Gebu. a. This b. That 20. Cebu is one of __ places where you can buy souvenirs anywhere a these b. those clAdjectives are words that modify pronouns, occur after linking verbs, they modify the predicative adjectives. When they occur before Nouns, or noun phrases, When they subject of the verb and are called (rarely after) a noun or noun phrase which they modify, they are called attributive adjectives. Two Categories of Adjectives 1. Gradable - May express different degrees of comparison @g.: more, most, less, least Degrees of comparison: a. equivalent- the modifiers are equal or comparable intensity applied to two noun phrases; communicated by adverbs equally, similarly Bicol dishes are as hot as Thai ones. Bicol and Thai dishes are similarly hot. Movies are as boring as comic books. Movies and comic books are as boring. Tocano sausages are not as sweet as Pampango ones. comparative - the modifier for one noun phrase has greater intensity than the same modifier applied to another noun phrase Indian food is definitely spicier than Filipino food. Athletics is more demanding than group sports. Group sports are easier than athletics. superlative - the modifier for one noun phrase has greatest intensity among all other noun phrases to which thesame modifier is applied Hotel food is the blandest of all, especially in the US. ‘The one who wins a beauty contest is not necessarily the most beautiful. 2. Absolute (or Nongradable) - may not be modified like the gradable adjectives; does not admit comparisons, nor does it occur with intensifiers (with few exceptions). absent exempt nuclear spotless absolute everlasting omnipotent square brand-new extreme supreme total conclusive ideal parallel unanimous 25yO expensive European her | shiny short | black {of he my | funny big | round | old | white | German _| furry ty SOME GUIDELINES: Avoid double comparisons, i.e., using both the comparative or superlative suf and modifying word in the same sentence. WRONG: His grades are more higher than his gangmates. CORRECT: His grades are higher than his gangmates. Comparisons should be clear on which items are being compared. WRONG: The professor's car is older than his students. [The car is older than the students? or the car is older than the students car?] The sentence should be: CORRECT: The professor's car is older than those of his stude’ CORRECT: The professor's car is older than his students’. orVERBAL ABILITY WORKSHEET 7: ADJECTIVES Directions: Identify the adjective that correctly fills in the blank. 1. The museum is full of sculpture. a. Egyptian b. Egyptan 2. The ___ summer air is refreshing. a, warmth b.warm 3. The Academy Awards is an. event. a, annual b, annually © Af 4. Snow. White is the ____ of them all. a, fairer b, fairest §. The man has a strong accent. a. Rustic b. Russian 6. The island has___ and__ beaches. a. priestine and emmacolate b. pristine and immaculate 7. My goal is to visit all my favorite countries. a. Europian b. European 8. Lwish I'm an ____riser. ct earlier Pim b.early 9. Maleficent is a__ villain. a. nefarious . b. nifareous 10, Between Nicole and Nikka, the latter is 2 a. prettier b. prettiest 11, The mayor is___ enough to have whatever it is he desires. 1. brave b. powerful 12. Samuel is a(n) numismatist. aenergetic b. most energetic 13. Swastika is an ___ symbol having many different meanings. a.ancient b. antique 14. Miss Peregrine takes care of children. a. peculiar b, peculiarest 15. feel___ than I did yesterday. a. good b. better 16. Alice has always been the ____ of the Marquez children. a. calm b. calmest 17, Of the two of us, it is my ___ brother who plays musical instruments. a.younger b. youngest 18, ¢ is interested in excuses anymore. No. b. Any 19, The committee made a(n) ____ decision. a, unanimous b. anonymous 20,1 always __ my pens. a. loose b. lose 27: hat modify a verb, an ac jective, or another adverb, ~ are words f illfully modifies the verb playeq ved skillfully. Ki tet volt ln very modifies the adjective skillfy, Heis ave Je plays quite beautifully. quite modifies the adver’ beaueiijy He plays verb answers one of the five questions about the word or phrase that) An adverb a : modifies: 1. How or in what manner? The little girl gently /ifted the stray kitten 2. When? She came home early, 3, Where? Itold them to turn right. 4, How often? Our teache ways absent. ‘To what extent or degree? ‘This book is highly recommended by my friends, MW modifying a verb, adverbs can appes Next to verb ar in three places in a sentence: ‘The police suddenly arrived at the scene. At The beginning Suddenly the police arrived at the scene. AtThe end ‘The police arrived at the scene suddenly. MW moditying an adjective or another adverb, adverbs usually come just before t! word they modify. Adjective My friend looks quite sad. Adverb ‘The principal spoke rather Joudly. Adverbs may be uses din comparing two or more can be classified into three ¢ ‘ategories: uivalent Saab run Mparative Superlative advetl® actions. Like adjectives, adv" ast. b runs faster than Frank. ab runs the ‘st in her family. Adverbs. ending in comparative 'y have to use supporti 1 ter to form ® i h \s rting words in ord ler to and superlative form, . “e Equivate ‘ aut len Le pet the injured bird gently, ‘ compara ee pet the injured bird mo an Jane Among the ki © gently than Jan‘ lds, Lee pee the injured bird most gen 28VERBAL ABILITY WORKSHEET 8: ADVERBS 10) Exercise: Identify the adverb used in the sentence. q 1, The child was dressed ina remarkably unusual costume. a. remarkably b. costume 2. Despite bad reviews, the movie unbelievably won an award. 7 a. bad b. unbelievably 3. After I heard the news, I was quite doubtful. a.) quite * b, doubtful 4, The elderly women walked briskly. a.elderly b. briskly 5. The surprise party completely amazed my parents! a. surprise b. completely 6. Hazel prefers extremely risky sports. a. extremely b. risky 7. The Philharmonic plays exceptionally well. a. exceptionally b. plays 8. Danny did surprisingly well on his first try at gymnastics. a. surprisingly b. well 9. Ed Sheeran’s new song went straight to the top of the charts. a. new b. straight 10. Ihad an absolutely wonderful time in Singapore. a. absolutely b. wonderful For the following sentences, fill in the blanks with the most appropriate answer. 11. After attending the gym session, we were___ exhausted. a. real b. really 12. The bus was moving ___ and it was annoying. a. slow b. slowly 13. Joanne plays the piano . a. bad b. badly 14. I got low scores because the exam was ___ difficult. a. hardly b. extremely 15. Paul arrives at school a. lately b. late 16. Carmen studies English a. daily b. day 17. Where did you find that ugly necklace you're wearing? ‘a rather b. surprising 18. The system was when the computer crashed down. a. almost complete b. almost completely 19. Hannah gazed ___ at the boy sitting in front of her. a. barely b. lovingly 20. The venue was _____ full given the monsoon season. a. / remarkably b. underwhelming 29Prepositions are words that express a relationship between a noun or Prone and another word in the sentence. They express 2 number of different kin relationships, such as time, space, direction, possession, cause. Space/Direction The haunted house is located on the edge of the town Time Ithas been there since the time of the Spaniards. Cause/Purpose Itwas built for the family of the old governor. Means The friends travelled by land. Accompaniment ‘They ordered their meals with coleslaw as side dish Support/Opposition I am for/against the idea Possession The terms ofthe contract are agreeable. Concession Sabrina came despite her fever. Exception/Addition I hada good sleep despite the typhoon. Instrument I bought a jetski with my salary. Benefactive I made cupcakes for the party. Prepositions typically occur before a noun phrase and pronouns. Together. 2 preposition and the noun phrase constitute a prepositional phrase. above the tower against all odds behind the building at midnight beneath the surface into the water around the earth below the bridge outside the house Some prepositions are made up of more than one word, called compo? prepositions. as well as in addition to according to aside from in front of in between along with apart from alongside of The noun or noun phrase following the preposition functions as the object 0? Preposition. When prepositional phrases function as adverbs, they af © adverbial modifiers; and when their role is similar to that of adjectives, © called adjectival modifiers. Adverbial Modifiers: The children strolled along the river. The game starts after the presentation. Adjectival Modifiers: They attacked the house with the tile ‘ roof. The man with the black hat is my brother. 30use with days Lwill see you on Sunday. use with the time of day use with parts of the day, with months, years, and seasons to talk about the place itself My bus leaves at 10 a.m. i My favorite book was published in 1997, Mango: icking starts in the summer. There is an elephant in the room. inside | to signify something | saw gummy bears inside the loot contained bag. on to talk about the surface Left the bag on the table. at to indicate a general I slept at the airport. vicinity The following are common prepositional phrases: in case of - in the case of in case of - when there is; in the event eg. Incase of emergency, call me. in the case of - considering; regarding. eg. [like horror movies, but in the in the face of - on the face of “in the face of - in the presence of e.g. Moana was very brave in the fa of. case of Linda Blair, it was just too much. ce of great danger. onthe face of - from appearances; judging from the way things look. eg. On the face of it, the exam was too difficult. in favor of - in favor with in favor of - supporting; on the side of. e.g. Half of the team voted in favor in favor with — having the approval of; eg. [am notin favor with your dec for fear of - in fear of for fear of - because of being afraid of; eg. [don't wear jewelry for fear of in fear of - anxious for the safety of. of the suggestion. liked by. ision. out of anxiety about losing it. eg. When I heard gunshots, | ran in fear of my life. 31by the name of - in the name of by the name of - named, with the name. eg. A woman by the name of Irene Adler, called this morning. in the name of - (1) in the cause of, for the love of; (2) on the authority of, eg. Many sacrifices have been done in the name of love. Don’t do that in the name of law! for/from want of - in want of for /from want of - because of the lack of. e.g, Many crops wilted from want of rain. in want of - in need of, needing. eg. I’m badly in want of a vacation but I'm still too busy. at the point of - on the point of at the point of - approaching a state. eg. The young child is at the point of death. n the point of - on the verge of doing something. eg. Iwas on the point of finishing my project when the power went out in possession of - in the possession of in possession of - having in one's possession. eg. I will get back to you on that matter when | am in possession of details. in the possession of - possessed by, belong to. eg. The special antiques are in the possession of the Murdock family. in/with regard to - out of regard for in/with regard to - regarding; concerning. eg. Ihave some proposals with regard to the safety of the field trip. out of regard for - because of respect for, out of consideration for. eg. Her promotion is completely out of regard for her work. at the sight of - in the sight of at the sight of - when seeing __ &8 She burst out laughing at the sight of her brother's new haircut. in the sight of - from the point of view of eg. In the sight of law, that man is guilty as charged. at the time of - in time of at the time of - at the parti cular point of time. eg. [was with my friends at the time of th anti © in time of - ata general time of, during. carthauake eg. In time of exams, one is thankful for short breaks. 32SESSA in view of - with a view to in view of - considering eg, In view of his recent accident, John has to take a three-month break. with a view to - with the intention or Purpose of eg. The siblings bought the Property with a view to renovating it. at the same time ~ in the same time at the same time - at the same hour of the day eg. Annabelle and | finished our homework at the same time. in the same time - taking the same amount of time eg. Annabelle and | finished our homework in the same time. in time - on time in time - early enough to do something eg, Am lin time for tea? on time ~ punctual eg. The Japanese train is always on time. 33VERBAL ABILITY WORKSH EET 9: PREPOSITIONS Directions: Identify the preposition that correctly fills in the blank, 1, Live _ Tacloban City- ain bat . 2. [travelled the province last month. aby b. around 3. the last two months, we raised around ten thousand pesos ~~ a. When b. During 4, Angela had all kinds _ knowledge. aof b. for 5, Worms are effective __ catching fish. a. for b. by 6. Mr. Fuzzles, the cat, sleeps _ the TV set. ain bon 7. School will be closed __ Monday. ain bon 8. The swimmer dived __ the water. ainto bh. beneath 9. Iwill be working here __ the third quarter of this year. a. since b. until 10. The girls are sure that they will have a wonderful time (during. thro their vacation ___ (except, despite) their limited budget. 11. Whatever their decision is, it's all right___ me. a. by b. with 12. While sitting the bank of the river, we witnessed the sunset. a. -on b.anto 13, Many others, the detective, were seeking the killer. a. asides b. hesides 14, Twill see you 6PM. a around be about 15. Carefully place the vase ___ that packing crate. a beneath b.inside 16. Try _____ get home before dark. a to band 17, Paul convinced me ___ take up another sport. a to b, that 18. Thatis where lam going___after school, a to b. before 19, Ihave been forbidden _____ see you. a from beto 20. paren swimming is much different___ marathon running. b. from MA conjunction joins words and element conjunctions: in a sentence. There are three types of 1. Coordinating join elements of equal rank or the same function Conjunctions in a sentence and connect two clauses in a compound sentence. 1 went to the mall but forgot my wallet. 1 will graduate this year if I finish my thesis and pass a business plan. The child threw a tantrum because her mom left for work. 2. Correlative are coordinating conjunctions paired with Conjunctions other words that extend the meaning of the first. Max is skilled not only in rock climbing but also in surfing. Both her family and friends gave their support in her endeavors. She now wants to try either parasailing or deep-sea diving. 3. Subordinating join grammatically unequal elements: a Conjunctions subordinate clause to a main clause. When the clock struck five, the workers went home. He came home early so that we could talk. You will be punished if you do not behave. There are words that act like conjunctions in that they signal and connect relationships between two sentences, and like adverbs in the kinds of meaning they express. These words are called conjunctive adverbs. The clauses joined by conjunctive adverbs remain independent sentences and are punctuated as though they do not contain conjunctions. We planned a trip abroad; however, we couldn't really afford to go through it. We will have dinner; afterwards, we will go to the movies. Anna received her salary today. Consequently, she paid her rent and utility bills. 35SO, and, but, yet, or, nor, yet, for, so both...and, either...or, neither...nor, not only...butalso | contrast, oppositions | however, instead, nevertheless, anyway, still \_addition |_also, besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition cause and effect, accordingly, consequently, hence, therefore, thus | conclusion | so \ example, restatement | for instance, namely, that is, for example | time earlier, finally, meanwhile, subsequently, | | afterwards | choice Otherwise \ + emphas' indeed, that is to say, to be sure ete kee teens | time while, when, a! ince, before, after, until, wheneve place | where, wherever | cause |_as, since, because _ | purpose | sothat,inorder | result | so...that, such a..that condition \ if, unle: ee _ _ {manner | as, as if, as thoughand, but, yet, or, nor, yet, for, so | (ote ens Len emeennyLeLiCets CODE both...and, either...or, neither..nor, not only. contrast, oppositions however, instead, nevertheless, anyway, still addition : also, besides, furthermore, moreover, in additioy cause and effect, accordingly, consequently, hence, therefore, thy,” conclusion so example, restatement for instance, namely, that is, for example time earlier, finally, meanwhile, subsequently, afterwards _ choice Otherwise emphasis indeed, that is to say, to be sure time while, when, as, since, before, after, until, whenev | place where, wherever [cause ___[ as, since, because _ purpose so that, in order so...that, such a...that io, funless 0 manner _ as, as if, as though —— resultVERBAL ABILITY WORKSHEET 10: CONJUNCTIONS Directions: Identify the conjunction used in the sentence. 1, He went to the ocean and found an unforgiving sea. a. to ‘be and 2. The day was hot so we made popsicles. ASO b.we 3, After we gave ita ball of yarn, the kitten became playful a. became by after 4, The crowd sounded loud and aggressive. acand b. loud 5. Iwas sleeping while others were partying. a. while bare 6. 1am studying well so that I can achieve my dreams. a. can ‘b. so that 7. Maui does not know swimming nor surfing. a. not ‘b. nor 8, Hillary acted as if she were the daughter of the president. a. of bias if 9, Her family is poor; nevertheless, she dreams to become a doctor. a. nevertheless b. become 10. Nikko is only allowed to use electronic gadgets after school and on weekends. a. only —». and 11, Jan and his brother ride the bus to school. a. and b. the 12. An alligator is unique yet dangerous. a is b. yet 13, Skydiving looks like an exciting but rather dangerous sport. a. rather b. but 14. She is unpredictable whenever she is mad. a is ‘b. whenever 15. We will to go to the mall, unless it rains. unless b. will | 16. Joana will accept the job, provided that there is a bonus. a. the b. provided that 17. Finally! I've been waiting for this day to come since | was a kid. a. finally besince 18. Unless she says so, | will not go. a, unless b. so 19. Yael asked her mother if she will stay for dinner. b. if b. will 20. We can talk while I cook. a can b. while 37An interjection is an excl: interjection can stand by lamatory word that usuall ly expresses strong Motion, itself, or it may be followed by a related sentence, An interjection that ex Good grieft Wow! Look at that massive bird! Presses strong feelings is followed by an exclamation Poiy Ifit expresses mild feelings, the interjection is fol the comma begins with a lower-case letter unle: Well, we're finally done, My, I'mtired. (The pronoun / is always capitalized.) lowed by a comma. The word aft ‘ss that word is always capitalize, The following are common interjections: aha great oh tsk tsk alas help oops well good grief hey ouch whew goodness hurray psst wow