RESD

Why Energy Transition to Renewable Energies?

Wednesday, 2.02.2023
Energy situation worldwide

Renewable
https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-
energy/energy-charting-tool-desktop.html.html#/results/et/oil-cons/natgas-cons/coal-cons/nucl-
cons/hyelec-cons/renew-cons/unit/EJ/regions/tWORLD/calc/cg/view/area/tAP/view/area/
Co2 emissions worldwide

https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-
energy/energy-charting-tool-desktop.html.html#/results/et/carb-
emis/unit/MTCO2/regions/tNOA/tSCA/tEUR/tCIS/tMIEA/tAFR/tAP/view/area
Why we are talking about CO2 emissions?

• Energy consumption increases

– During 1980 – 2020 a factor of 4 (100 – 410 EJ)

• 78% from fossil fuels in 2020

– H20 and CO2 are the final products

• CO2 emissions increases also

– During 1980 – 2020 a factor of 1.8 (18381 – 32060 kMT)
Global temperature – CO2 concentration

CO2 concentration
in the atmosphere

Temperature
anomaly
Correlation of CO2 and temperature rise since 1880
Temp. Anomaly Average CO2 (ppm)
1
0.8
Temp. Anomaly (°C)

0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
250 300 350 400
CO2 (ppm)

Data: https://scripps.ucsd.edu/programs/keelingcurve
Land-Ocean Global Means: https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/
Absorption of the radiation in the atmosphere: CO2

Earth globe temperature

15°C, 297 K

Space temperature
-270°C, 2 K

CO2 Absorption
spectrum

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Atmospheric_Transmission.png
Energy change in the earth between 1971-2010

If we consider the energy of the total

system and not only the air temperature,
there is no doubt: the warming is obvious
and proven beyond doubt.

DE upper sea = 64 %

DE deep sea = 29%

DE ice melt = 3 %
DE soil = 3 %
DE air = 1 %
Aus IPCC (2013), Box 3.1, Fig.1
Go / ITFE, Rev19 http://wiki.bildungsserver.de/klimawandel/index.p
hp/ Datei:Energieverteilung1971-2010.jpg
Conclusions climate change

• Polar ice melts • Sea level rises

• Glaciers melt

• More water in the atmosphere • Heavy rain, Floods

• More energy in the atmosphere • Storms (Tornados, Hurricans)

• Vegetation hikes • Food problems

• Wildlife migrations • Epidemics

• Climate refugees • Discord

• Mass extinctions of flora and • Risk for extinction of mankind

fauna
Indonesia: Total Final Consumption (TFC)
by Source

10
Indonesia: Electricity generation by source

• Electricity generation, Indonesia 1990-2019 (GWh)

16 % renewable

Coal
174’493 GWh

Oil
12’365 GWh

Natural Gas
61’156 GWh
Hydro
21’161 GWh
Geothermal
14’101 GWh
Biofuls, Waste
10’713 GWh
21.12.2021 Go / KE Wind
484 GWh
Solar
118 GWh
Indonesia: Total Final Consumption (TFC)
by Sector

Commercial
and Public
Service

Agri. +
Forest.

12
Indonesia agreed IEA Program Energy Transition

https://www.iea.org/reports/an-energy-sector-roadmap-to-net-zero-emissions-in-indonesia
RESD: What may be our role to decrease CO2?

• Education in RE Courses

• Projects during RE studies

• Projects focus on CO2 reduction

– Efficiency in industrial processes
– Cooking in hotels
– Waste heat recovery
– Air conditioning
– Substitution of fossil fuels through RE
– Electricity generation
– Industry
– Mobility
Student projects: Efficiency increase in industry (1)

Hot dip zinc coating

Energy analysis and scenarios for higher efficiency
Verzinkerei Wettingen AG

Project overview
Hot dip zinc coating is an industrial process Scenario 1 describes measures that can be
with a huge energy demand. The project goal implemented in a short period of time and will
was the analysis of the energy flows of the pay off financially.
production process and the identification and
quantification of energy efficiency measures. Scenario 2 is a full-scale scenario for maximum
efficiency and neglects economical considera-
tions (not described on this poster).

Energy consumption analysis

Gas & Diesel: 9.66 TJ Large gas-fired zinc kettle

Electricity: 5.27 TJ Diesel for trucks
Other
Small zinc kettle
Motors
Fans and pump

Scenario 1: suggested measures

Kettle insulation Motor replacement
The heat loss of the two kettles can be reduced The ABC analysis of the motors reveals that
with a durable insulation on the side walls and only six devices (8 %) use 75 % of the electricity:
with a more flexible kettle cover that can be five fans and a pump used for air cleaning.
easily mounted during short non-production By replacing these motors with more efficient
periods. models requlated by frequency converters, an
estimated 10 % of the electricity can be saved.
Convection
Radiation
A
zinc zinc B
450° C 450° C
C
100% 50% 0 50% 100%
Kettle without insulation Insulated kettle with cover Number of devices Energy

Gas reduction estimate: 17 % Electricity reduction estimate: 10 %

Project: EUT-10012

Project manager: Adrian Fankhauser

Team: Emanuel Graser, Tobias Jakob,
Jürgen Ragaller, Oliver von Flüe www.fhnw.ch/technik
Student projects: Efficiency increase in industry (2)

Swissmill Zurich Energy savings

Energy and material flow analysis through maintenance
Background Introduction Condenser filter
Swissmill Zurich is the largest milling company in The project was initialized by Franke Food Services GmbH, which Accumulation of dust in the condenser filter can block the air flow
Switzerland. The mill converts 220‘000 tons of operates as a main kitchen equipment supplier for several large and with this reduce the amount of discharged waste heat. As a
grain per year to a wide variety of products. In the fast-food companies worldwide. They equip the kitchens according consequence, the compressor has to work overtime and the
mill, around 1‘500 electric motors account for a to their customer’s needs and manage all inquiries regarding energy consumption rises. For this reason measurements have
majority of the total energy consumption.
repair, service and maintenance of provided equipment. been carried out where the energy consumption has been
measured once with clean filters and with the filter 50% blocked
and 80% blocked. The following diagram shows the percentage of
Goals increase in energy consumption. 100% represent the energy
! Mapping and listing of the most important consumption when the condenser is clean.
motors in use
250%
Thermal image of a motor in the mill | Shot taken during company visit ! Calculating motor efficiency
! Plotting the material flows 200%

percentage of energy
consumption
! Finding possible uses for waste and by-products
150%
Results ! Identifying other possibilities to lower energy filter 0% blocked
consumption 100% filter 50% blocked
The team has gathered data of nearly 300 of filter 80% blocked
the most important motors by photographing
50%
type labels and transferring the information to
a spread sheet. This spread sheet is the heart
of the motor list and will be very useful to Front view KFC kitchen (http://www.wem.ca/store-directory-maps/kfc 23.05.14) 0%
Freezer Freezer TRUE Refrigerator
Swissmill, because right now they do not have GSFP-520 T-23F-2 FKE-125-S4
an inventory of the motors in use. Further
processing of the data has shown, that only 18
of the 300 motors use 50% of the energy of all Project objectives Savings through filter- and condenser
300 motors combined. The main project objective was to determine whether the energy cleaning
The material flow analysis has shown that only consumption of kitchen equipment could be lowered by selective The measured energy savings were transferred to the whole range
0.5% of the raw material input ends up as maintenance. Due to the fact that kitchens at fast food restaurants of cooling devices in a KFC Store to estimate the total potential.
waste. can be in use 24-hours a day, the energy consumption is extremely
high and small losses can accumulate quickly. For this project the
focus has been set on cooling devices and heating devices. The Yearly saving potential [kWh/a] 4000
ABC-analysis of motor electricity usage in the mill building | team research data
reasons are the high base energy consumption and they are Yearly saving potential [€/a] 600
present in every kitchen worldwide. Service costs [€/a] -300
Yearly profit [€/a] 300
Recommendations
" Implementation and further development of the
motor list Results Savings through complete, preventive
" Replacement of broken motors by the most Heating maintenance
efficient type on the market There is almost no potential for energy saving through Based on research, statements about the saving potential resulting
" Considering a district heating grid with some maintenance for devices used for deep-frying or keeping the from complete, preventive maintenance could be made.
neighbours dishes warm, due to the simple construction. Nevertheless, regular
maintenance is important to prevent premature failure of the
" Gradual reduction of the use of compressed air Yearly saving potential [kWh/a] 26000
Overview of main material flows | eSankey©-design by project team
equipment.
Yearly saving potential [€/a] 3900
Service costs [€/a] -700
Cooling Savings in repairs [€/a] 1100
The energy consumption of a Yearly profit [€/a] 4300
refrigerator is directly linked
to its condition. Several parts
Client Swissmill Zurich | www.swissmill.ch
Project leader Godot Gröner
of the cooling cycle present Conclusion
their own potential. As part of The study shows that there is considerable potential for energy
Project team Adrian Brönnimann | Cédric Iseli | Fabian Schwaiger | Zoltàn Szalai the project the correlation savings through maintenance. The condition of the kitchen
Project number 10014-U between the accumulation of equipment in use not only influences the energy consumption,

www.fhnw.ch/technik
dust on the condenser filter but also the life span. Furthermore, regular maintenance is crucial
and the energy consumption to keep safety features intact. Additional savings could be
have been examined. Picture of a dusty condenser (by D. Cvetkovic)
accomplished with better kitchen equipment and correct
operation by the users.

Project number: EUT-P4 10059-U

Project coach: Eisele Klaus
Project leader: Cvetkovic Darko www.fhnw.ch/technik
Project team: Hartmann Thomas, Kurer Andreas, Rode Immanuel, Stocker Raphael
Student projects: Efficiency increase in industry (3)

Improving the Waterflow of Aarepapier AG

KS1

Optimization of heat generation

Initial situation :

1 kg cardboard needs 6.3 l of fresh water. A daily production of 350 t cardboard needs
in PET recycling
2`200`000 l fresh water.
Washing process in PET recycling Heating alternatives
PolyRecycling produces PET granules from recycled bottles, which Several heating alternatives to improve and/or replace direct
can be used to produce new PET products. Each year 21’000 tons steam injection were tested and evaluated.
of PET are recycled in this company. The energy consumed only for KS2
1. Steam + Recuperator
the washing process is three GWh a year, mainly provided by the
injection of steam. 2. Steam + 2 Recuperators + New Tank
Our goal is to improveme this sub-process and test alternatives 3. Steam + 2 Recuperators + New Tank + Solar
with the optional goal to become independent from the energy 4. Gas Burner
1 kg 6.3 l 350 t 2`200`000 l supplier (waste incineration plant).
5. Gas Burner + Solar
Currently direct steam injection is used to heat up the sodium
washing solution, losing valuable purified water during 6. Combined Heat and Power plant (CHP)
the process. In the future there will be a charge for this lost water. 7. CHP + Solar

Goal: Reduction of waste water amount Current heating process

KS3
Improved heating process

Measure 1: Seperation of the cooling system Measure 2: Closing the loop: re-use of production
from the paper production water in a circuit

new part

thermal discharge heated groundwater

V0: 6.28 m3/ t

cooling system V1: 4.57 m3/ t
V2: 2.57 m3/ t
heat paper production
exchanger V3: 1.23 m3/ t
cold
groundwater

Upfront investment Return on investment Running costs Expert evaluation

Alternative
[CHF] [years] [CHF/year] [Rank]
1 Steam + Recuperator 7‘800 <1 236’000 4
2 Steam + 2 Recuperators + New tank 34‘000 2 236’000 3
Description: 1 Description: 2 Steam + 2 Recuperators
3 289‘000 8 223’500 7
+ New tank + Solar
The best solution to reduce the heat dissipation would be a separate • V0: No improvement, initial conditions
4 Gas burner 177‘000 3 197’500 2
cooling circuit with a heat exchanger. This is the cheapest and most • V1: Seal water is replaced by a mechanical seal and cornstarch
5 Gas burner + Solar 432‘000 6 185’000 1
reliable way to take the thermal energy out of the process and is dissolved in a super-clear filtration water instead of
6 CHP 545‘000 6 164’500 6
guarantees a steady temperature in the cooling circle. Furthermore, this groundwater.
system is simple and inexpensive to build. • V2: The water-jet that cuts the edge of the paper works with an even 7 CHP + Solar 800‘000 9 152’000 5

cleaner super-clear filtration water instead of groundwater. KS5

• V3: No use of groundwater at all. Only the evaporated water and the
Results Conclusion
water that remains in the paper have to be replaced. The final alternatives were compared and weighted in the The solution including a gas burner and a solar heating is the
following four categories: perfect compromise. It combines local and energetic
Results •Upfront investment independence, high annual savings and a relative low CO2
Improvement: Milestones: •Annual savings emission. Despite the high upfront investments, it is the
V1: short term V2: mid-term V3: long term •Ecological aspects favourite solution.
•Independence from energy supplier and location This solution requires the reconstruction of the whole
In addition the client decided which category was the most process. On this occasion an eventual enlargement of the
important according to the needs of the company. solar heating system should be considered in the future and
In the end, the solution “gas burner and solar” is the most suitable built accordingly.
in this case.

Project Number: 10040

1 kg 4.5 l 2.5 l 1.2 l Project Leader: Adrian Schärer
Project Team: Lewin Füglister, Simon Birkenstock, Lukas Iseli, Joris Ott www.fhnw.ch/technik

Client: Aarepapier AG, Niedergösgen

Project leader: Martin Schaub
Project team: Immanuel Rode, Barbara Meier, Thomas Hofstetter, Patric Sommer
Project number: 10041-U www.fhnw.ch/technik
Mobility (1)

Fleet optimisation
Green up the Fleet
Initial Situation Goals Relocation
Novisol AG is the largest vendor of insulation assemblage in
The objective of METTLER TOLEDO is to reduce its CO2 • Perform a Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and a carbon Switzerland. The company is located in Rheinfelden AG.
emissions. Based on this goal, the main purpose of this footprint analysis for a new vehicle fleet A relocation would cost too much and have only little effect.
project is to develop a new supply management concept • Determine the best form of financing such as leasing,
for the vehicle fleet. All existing vehicles – 60% cars, 15% buying or carsharing 71%
buses, 15% vans and 10% trucks – will be replaced, con- • Submit a recommendation for the shared car fleet sup- 29%
sidering both economical and ecological criteria. ply concept

Fleet TCO Fleet CO2 Emissions

15 t/a! CO2 reduction 59%

CHF 225'000!

10 t/a! http://www.mygeo.info/landkarten/schweiz/schweiz_landkarte_gewaesser.png
CHF 150'000!

5 t/a!
CHF 75'000!
Number Person Loading Replacement of particular vehicles
Type of cars efficiency efficiency The purchasing costs dominate the payoff time calculation. For
CHF 0! 0 t/a! that reason we suggest deferring the replacement of most of
current! mix! lease! buy! current! mix! lease! buy!
VW T5 11 the cars until the next investment becomes necessary. On
Graph 1: TCO of the different fleet solutions in swiss francs Graph 2: CO2 emissions of the different fleet solutions in tonnes per year
grounds of their high fuel consumption and their advanced age
Graph 1 shows the TCO (without trucks) for the mixed so- Graph 2 illustrates a comparison between the different we would strongly recommend substituting the
lution, the leasing solution and the buying solution. While CO2 emissions of the solutions (without trucks). The mixed Opel Combo 4
«Pritschenwagen».
the mixed solution contains car sharing as well as buying, solution is based on the lowest emissions possible, while
the others only include leasing respectively buying. To buy leasing and buying contain the most efficient cars in their VW T5/8 3 Long distance package
all cars is clearly cheaper than leasing but more mainte- category. As the mixed solution might not be favored in Volkswagen offers a so-called «long distance package» for new
nance effort is required. terms of management and costs, the best solution in price vehicles. It includes rolling friction optimized tires, a tire
VW T4 2
and emissions was chosen (buy). pressure display, long rear axle transmission and an automatic
speed control system. The payoff time of this action amounts to
VW Pritschenwagen 4 nine years.
Conclusion
With the recommended solution (buy), a CO2 reduction of 59 % compared to the current fleet (Graph 2) can be achieved. It
VW LT35/ Crafter 4
Speed limiting system
is therefore reasonable for METTLER TOLEDO to consider the recommended selection. As the investigated cars all have With this extension to the board computer the car’s speed limit
different techniques, the recommended selection contains a mix of diesel and electric powered vehicles. Concerning the is set to 100 km/h. Fuel consumption decreases by eight per
concept of implementation it is advised to replace the fleet as soon as possible. According to graph 3 the solution renew cent due to this action but can only be used in new vehicles. The
cars older than 8 years (blue) turns out to be the best selection. payoff time is less than one year.
Vehicle group composition modification
200 t! We would suggest replacing the rather old «Pritschenwagen» at
the earliest convenience by smaller vehicles. Also the Combos
and the T4s could be substituted. Nevertheless, they should be
used until a larger investment is indispensable. Eco-Drive course
status quo!
In an Eco-Drive course the participants learn to drive swiftly,
renew all 2016!
100 t! Modification to gas engines safely and economically. After a half-day class the participants
renew 2013 & 2017! are expected to reduce their fuel consumption by ten per cent.
The existing natural gas stations are quite far away. Therefore,
renew cars older 8 y.! the building of a natural gas station on the company’s site was The payoff time accounts to less than two years.
renew constantly! calculated. Due to the high investment costs the payoff time
adds up to 16 years. Logistic tool
0 t! Our self-designed «Vehicle Selection Tool» helps to optimise
2013! 2018! 2023! the vehicle distribution process.
Graph 3: CO2 emissions of the recommended fleet summed up until all cars are renewd. Each line represents different timepoints of implementation.

Course of study: Energie- und Umwelttechnik

Projektnummer: EUT-HS12-10019 Project number: 10043
Projektleiter:
Projektteam:
Kevin Hauenstein
Cyrill Bolliger, Daniel Godat, Yannic Rütti, Flavio Leone www.fhnw.ch/technik Project team: Thomas Mospak, Reto Heimberg, Joel Andres, Andreas Leuppi www.fhnw.ch/technik
Mobility (2)

Battery charging capacity for electric buses

Project description Project goals
PostAuto AG expects new noise and environmental
regulations to be established. Moreover the company wants •Determine the available capacity of the electrical
to protect itself against possible fluctuations in fuel prices. As network at the bus depot.
a result, PostAuto AG is thinking to implement electric buses
in their bus fleet. To elaborate possible battery charging •Determine the average energy required for a 12-meter
concepts it is important to know the situation in terms of the electric bus per day.
electrical connection at each depot. •Calculate a possible increase of the connection load.
The task of the project team is to describe the current
situation for three bus depots in the region of Brugg and •Deliver at least two concepts to charge the fleet’s
elaborate possible concepts to charge the bus batteries. batteries.

Example bus depot Brugg Solutions

Energy consumption of an electric bus per day 1. Increase charging power without
PostAuto AG plans to charge the electric buses only network expansion
once per day. The capacity of the battery is 311 kWh. It is possible to increase the maximum available current of
The table below displays the energy consumption of an the depot Brugg from 160 to 200 ampere without a
electric bus in relation to the topography. It also shows network expansion. Thereby 146 ampere would be
if the battery has the right size. available to charge the batteries of the bus. With such a
current it is possible to charge 2 electric buses in 6 hours
and 15 minutes with two charging stations.

2. Increase charging power with a network expansion

With a network expansion it is possible to increase the
maximum available current to 355 ampere. Therefore 301
ampere would be available to charge the batteries of the
buses. With such a current it is possible to charge 4
With a battery capacity of 311 kWh and only one charge it
electric buses in 5 hours and 58 minutes with four
is impossible to drive the average distance of 208 km with
charging stations.
a consumption of 2.5 kWh/km or 3.5 kWh/km.

Network load
To determine how much current the depot needs on
average at night, the direct current of the depot has
been measured for three days.

3. Increase charging power with a new connection to

medium voltage
With a new transformer of 1000 kVA a maximum current
of 1443 ampere could be delivered. With such a current it
is possible to charge 19 electric buses in 6 hours with 19
charging stations.

Below the calculation of the load of the depot Brugg is

shown.

Project number: EUT_P3_10214

Project leader: Jonas Högger
Project team: David Eicher, Joris Strassburg
Project coach: Nicola Schulz www.fhnw.ch/technik
Airconditioning Heating (1)

Heating Systems for Apartment Complexes Optimal Sunshade Systems

Initial Situation
The housing complex on Wülflingerstrasse in Winterthur is a
typical real estate object in Switzerland. It was built in the
1950s/60s and consists of nine buildings with numerous
apartments that are all heated by a central heating unit. The
buildings belong to two different real estate agents. One
agent has improved the insulation of his houses. In these
houses the flow temperature of the heaters could be
reduced. However, the other buildings are still dependent on
Renovated Housing Block Unrenovated Housing Block
high temperature heating. Our task was to find an optimal
heating solution for Wülflingerstrasse and to work out a Background / Aims
Central Heating general concept for similar situations.
The company Energiekonzepte AG’s
Excel tool for determining optimal
sunshade systems aims to give

Versions designers and architects suitable

alternatives for sunshade systems in
Combined Heat and Power Unit (CHP) Geothermal Heat Pump an early planning stage. Furthermore,
it highlights and analyzes different
A gas fueled motor produces electricity and A hole is drilled to depth of up to 400 meters.
heat. The heat is used for hot water and
variants for individual projects. The
Underground the temperature remains constant
heating.The advantage with this technology all year round. A fluid is pumped underground goal of this project is to verify the tool
is that it makes use of the heat that is always and heats up. It is then brought up to the right and evaluate its market potential.
produced when generating electricity. temperature level with the help of a heat pump.
Environment Construction Tool Suitable systems
medienwerkstatt-online.de
erdwaermeheizen.at Tool error analysis
Criteria Status
A connection to the gas-grid is provided ✔" Criteria Status Standards Flexibility
It is possible to integrate the CHP unit into the current heating system ✔" It is legally permissible to drill in the area ✖"
The electrical power can either be used locally or sold ✔" The thermal conductivity is high enough ✔" The assessment method is based on normative and individual • The tool mainly is based on pre-determined values from
The heat distribution is on a high temperature level (e.g. 80°C) ✔" The heat distribution must be on a low temperature level (max 45°C) ✔" methods. standards. If these values change in future updates, only
Normative methods Individual methods minimal effort is needed to adapt them.
Solar Thermal Heating Water to Water Heat Pump
based on: calculate: • Formulas from standards are far more complex to adjust in
The energy of the sun is absorbed by panels Groundwater is pumped up from the ground.
and stored in a boiler. This technology is
• SIA 180 • Flexibility case of modification.
Through heat exchange it heats up a fluid. The
generally not used as the sole means of fluid is brought to the required temperature level • SIA 342 • Darkening
• If new requirements on sunshade systems arise, the tool has to
heating since large surfaces are required with a heat pump. The groundwater is pumped • SIA 380/1 • Glare protection
and the seasonal variation in power is too back underground. be changed significantly.
• SIA 380/4 • Installation
great. In combination with an other
technology it can be an efficient choice. • SIA 382/1
• SIA 2024
trufferelektrotech.ch einsparen-im-haushalt.de

Criteria Status Criteria Status Market analysis

There is enough roof surface There must be groundwater in the area
The panels are not shaded It is legally possible to drill for groundwater in that area Initial situation Analysis of results
There is room for the heat storing unit The heat distribution must be on a low temperature level (max 45°C)

Oil and Gas Wood Chips The target audience consists of 9101 Swiss architectural Our survey and internet research shows that a commercialization
This is a traditional heating technology. This heating system is in principal the same as engineering and architecture companies. According to experts and of the tool is not the most economical method. Reasons include
Fossil fuels are burnt and the heat is used the one based on fossil fuels. The main forecasts, the market is already saturated. The turnover will remain the limited size of the market and specific software conditions such
for heating and warm water. A sustainable difference is that wood is burnt, which is a nearly constant until the year 2020. However, similar tools do not as an affordable price and usability. Additionally, as the graphic
but costly solution is to fuel the heater with renewable source of energy as long as the
biogas. trees are replanted. In Switzerland wood is meet the same requirements. As a result, a market potential is below shows, a considerable number of potential customers are
harvested sustainably. available despite the stable market conditions. already satisfied with the current situation.
kreis-guetersloh.de
Picture: 3 Plan 100%

Criteria Status Criteria Status

A connection to the gas-grid is provided There is enough storage space for the woodchips 80%

There is enough place to store the oil The property is accessible for delivery
Very important
Satisfied
The oil storing unit is accessible There is room for large heating unit and filter system 60%

Important 14%
40%
Neutral No money available

Results 20% Less important

Not important
14%
57%
Do not want to pay
0%

Illustrations
Reliability
15%

Usability
Service
For Wülflingerstrasse the solar thermal heating and geothermal

Cheap
The bad score for the heat pump is mainly due to the electricity

Design
heat pump do not meet the necessary criteria. It is not possible to that this technology requires, since the Swiss electricity mix is Others
say which of the other alternatives is better suited here. The still largely dependent on non-renewable energies. From an
water to water heat pump is the most economical choice but heat ecological perspective, a gas heater would be preferable to a Important requirements for customers Reasons not to buy
pumps of this size are hard on the environment. This becomes water to water heat pump.
obvious when using the environmental grading system for Whether ecology or economy is a higher priority remains the Recommendation
technologies developed by the ETH. decision of the real estate agent. The criteria devised in this Sources
project are a good tool to narrow down the possiblities. The optimal use would be to implement the tool as a service for architectural engineers and architects. The reasons for this are that no
additional resources are needed for making the tool more user-friendly and it is possible to attract new customers to the company.

Project number: EUT-P3-10042

Project leader: Andreas Kurer Project number: 10102-U
Project team: Thomas Keller, Viviana Schulz, Stephan Bleiker, Nadine Swan Project coach: Christoph Sibold www.fhnw.ch/technik
www.fhnw.ch/technik Project leader: Lorenz Matter
Project members: Mathis Noisternig, Patrick Bartholome
Airconditioning Heating (2)

Energetic Evaluation of Siemens Buildings Electrical(demand(for(ligh-ng(in(residen-al(buildings(

Initial Situation Project Goals Ini-al(situa-on(
«Siemens Schweiz AG» has decided to apply for ISO The aim of the project is to establish a detailed energetic Currently,$7.4%$of$the$electric$energy$in$residen9al$buildings$is$used$for$ligh9ng$purposes.$Approximately$2/3$could$be$saved$with$
50001 certification in regards to their energy evaluation concept for the three Siemens buildings. energy$ efficient$ ligh9ng$ sources.$ The$ associa9on$ Minergie$ develops$ energy$ efficiency$ standards$ for$ the$ building$ industry$ and$
management systems. One of the main parts requires The concept includes a list of all energy-related consumption cer9fies$ buildings$ based$ on$ them.$ The$ MinergieGA$ standard$ would$ be$ the$ world’s$ first$ to$ introduce$ a$ ligh9ng$ regula9on$ for$
an initial energy rating, procedure and a tool to of the buildings: i.e. electricity, hot water and heating/cooling residen9al$buildings.$An$inves9ga9on$of$the$current$situa9on$in$residen9al$buildings$should$form$the$basis$for$defining$a$limi9ng$
evaluate the rating. energy requirements. value.$This$value$could$replace,$or$be$combined$with,$the$ini9al$requirements$on$ligh9ng$fixtures.$
!
!

«Siemens Schweiz AG» operates several factories in The total consumption should be differentiated into the
Switzerland and the goal of this project is to rate three various sources. Finally, if possible, energy savings Aims(
of them: Gossau, Ostermundigen, Volketswil. suggestions should be proposed.
! Research$the$MinergieGA$regula9on$for$ligh9ng$standards$
Locations ! Evaluate$50$residen9al$buildings$with$an$internally$developed$tool$
! Calculate$and$recommend$an$average$power$value$per$square$meter$
Gossau Ostermundigen Volketswil ! Collect$a$data$pool$of$LED$retrofit$lamps$to$inves9gate$the$current$market$
! Formulate$pros$and$cons$of$LED$retrofit$lamps$
General Information: General Information: General Information:

Year of Construction:
Rented Areas:
1990
2‘373m2
Year of Construction: 1980 Year of Construction: 1980 Methods(
Rented Areas: 2‘490m2 Rented Areas: 7‘791m2
Number of Employees: 80 Number of Employees: 180 Number of Employees: 355 In$order$to$easily$obtain$data,$an$ExcelGTool$was$developed$and$sent$to$fellow$students,$family$and$friends.$Further,$informa9on$
for$the$LED$retrofit$lamps$data$pool$was$collected$from$the$internet,$hardware$stores$and$supermarkets.$

incandescent(lamp(( halogen(lamp(
Comparison(
Comparing$ LED$ retrofit$ lamps$ with$ conven9onal$ ligh9ng$
19%$
27%$ sources,$the$cri9cal$difference$is$the$demand$for$electrical$
energy$savings$
savings$
power.$LED$retrofit$lamps$only$need$about$twenty(to(thirty(
energy$LEDGretrofit$
remains$
percent( of$ the$ power$ compared$ to$ a$ conven9onal$ lamps,$
81%$ 73%$
e.g.$incandescent$or$halogen.$

9'000$

8'000$
Break;even(point(
Comparison of the locations 7'000$
Since$the$LED$retrofit$lamps$have$a$high$light$efficiency$and$
6'000$ a$ life$ span$ of$ at$ least$ six( -mes( longer(than$ a$ regular$ light$

opera9ng$9me$[h]$
5'000$ bulb,$ the$ breakGeven$ point$ of$ all$ the$ LED$ retrofit$ lamps$ is$
4'000$
reached$ within$ their$ life$ span.$ About$ 85%( of$ the$ LED$
3'000$
retrofit$ lamps$ have$ a$ breakGeven$ point$ under( 4000( hours(
corresponding$to$the$life$span$of$two$halogen$bulbs.$
2'000$

1'000$

0$
1$ 6$ 11$ 16$ 21$ 26$ 31$ 36$ 41$ 46$ 51$ 56$ 61$ 66$
ligh9ng$source$

24$ 13$
12.5$ 100%$

90%$
Poten-al(energy(savings(
In Gossau, the energy consumption In Ostermundigen, the heating Volketswil has the most employees per
According$to$the$analysis$of$the$current$situa9on,$there$is$an$
10$ 80%$

per employee is extremely high but energy comprises 65% of the total office space, and at the same time the

specific$electric$power$[W/m2]$
not the consumption per space. The energy consumption. This, however, highest power consumption for
70%$
average$ energy$ savings$ poten9al$ of$ 66%( on$ the$ currently$
workplaces are not placed together does not imply that the heating ventilation. This results in an average
7.5$ 60%$ installed$ ligh9ng$ fixtures$ and$ their$ correla9ng$ energy$
densely enough and the small energy consumption is higher than consump9on.$
energy consumption of 3163 kWh per 50%$

number of employees are not using the other locations. Interesting to employee. Moreover, 50% of the 5$ 40%$

energy efficiently. Compared to the note at this location is that no air- building in Volketswil is not in use. This 30%$
Recommenda-on(
other locations, the energy conditioning or ventilation equipment causes an inefficient use of the 2.5$ 20%$
limi9ng$value:$$3$W/m2$
consumption for the lighting is much is used. ventilation and heating system of the 10%$
target$value:$ $2$W/m2$
higher than the consumption for the building. 0$ 0%$

workplaces. This also indicates an 1$ 2$ 3$ 4$ 5$ 6$ 7$ 8$ 9$ 10$ 11$ 12$ 13$ 14$ 15$
building$
16$ 17$ 18$ 19$ 20$ 21$ 22$ 23$ 24$ 25$ 26$ 27$ 28$ 29$

unnecessary use of space. today$ op9mized$ limit$value$ target$value$ saving$poten9al$

Projekt Number: EUT P4 10201 Project number: EUT-HS14-10071

Project Leader: Michael Liniger Project leader: Philipp Notter
Project Team: Florian Hertig, Alexander Kohushoelter und Project team: Niclas Gündel, Patrick Trachsel, Lukas Zuber
Christian Siegenthaler www.fhnw.ch/technik Project coach: Beate Weickgenannt www.fhnw.ch/technik
Project Coach: Christoph Sibold
Substitution of fossil fuels (1)
On behalf of:

SOLAR ENERGY
@ the Campus Brugg-Windisch

Initial Situation Aims & Methods

Currently, solar energy is not optimally used for the The aim is to determine the photovoltaic potential
production of electricity at the FHNW Campus for different solutions in a feasibility study covering
Brugg-Windisch. There are, however, many technical, financial and maintenance aspects. For
potential areas on the Campus which are suitable the analysis, it is assumed that the produced
for solar energy. For example, photovoltaic electricity will be used directly at the Campus, and
modules could be installed on the platform roofs of this will reduce external energy costs. All the
the buildings. As a basis for a future aspects will be assessed in a cost-benefit analysis.
implementation, the solar potential of the campus Finally, the project team will publish the results and
and the best solutions for photovoltaic arrays need propose a best solution for a photovoltaic facility.
to be evaluated.

Photovoltaic potential
797‘000 kWh/a
$
Lifetime benefit
CHF 1‘452‘000

Recommendations
Potential building 1: The project team calculated several costs, i.e. for
124‘900 kWh/a the energy production and maintenance for 15
Potential building 2: different variations of photovoltaic arrays. The
203‘600 kWh/a assessement of the various solutions resulted in
Potential building 3: photovoltaic arrays on the rooftop of buildings 1, 2,
62‘000 kWh/a 5 and 6, with 3‘664 m2 photovoltaic module in
Potential building 5: total, as the most effective. This solution actually
159‘900 kWh/a best meets the requirements of energy production,
Potential building 6: cost-benefit, stakeholder interests and maintenance.
214‘500 kWh/a An additional advantage of the photovoltaic facility
Potential carport: will be its use for research and formation. The
42‘000 kWh/a project team recommend FHNW to install PV-
Layout plan buildings, carport and Potential pergola: arrays on all the platform roofs, the pergola and the
new pergola at the FHNW Campus 17‘500 kWh/a carport. In this way the energy production can be
Brugg-Windisch
maximized.

Project: EUT-10093
Project team: Fabian Bösiger, Ronny Bühler, Moritz Meier, Patrick Meier, Aline Roth
www.fhnw.ch/technik
Porject coaches: Stefan Roth, Karen Schrader
Source pictures: www.fhnw.ch/campus-brugg-windisch, www.areaag.ch
Substitution of fossil fuels (2)

Water supply implementation in Ethiopia

Initial situation Aims Heating network old town Baden
Elfinesh is a charity organization, which is active in a rural area in The existing technical solution must be
Ethiopia with 15’000 inhabitants. About twenty years ago the improved, so that the costs decrease and the
organization built up a water supply system. The current system water supply system will supply enough water
Initial situation Project aims
needs to be improved because of leaks and the power generation for the whole population. Additionally, the The old town in Baden is being heated completely by The project has three main goals that are based on each
is oversized. In a previous project the power generation was elaborated concept must be transferred to an fossil fuels. To reduce the CO2 emissions and the other:
redesigned with an appropriate photovoltaic system. Now the Ethiopian student. In the future it will be his task dependence on foreign companies, the city wants to build • Compare two rough concepts and rate them. For the
existing technical solution for the water supply system needs to implement the new water supply system. a heating network based on renewable energy. The heat one that is more suitable for the application, a detail
further improvements. Additionally, the implementation process Furthermore, a financing concept must be should be produced with a head pump that uses the concept must be elaborated.
should be passed on to an Ethiopian student. developed to support the project. energy of the river Limmat, which is located at the bottom • Close to the old town there are three more potential heat
of the old town. sources. They must be rated and if useful for the
application, integrated in the detail concept.
Last semester a group of five students figured out that it • After the detail concept is defined, the costs need to be
is possible to use the river as a heat source and estimated. The city is going to use the estimate as their
developed two rough concepts for the heating network. decision-making tool.

heat distribution

[1] [2] [3]

Technical concept Implementation concept Financing concept pumping system pipe system heat central
Results water catchment pump river water heat pump gas burner heat storage tank
The required energy for the water supply system can be provided The implementation concept consists of a
by solar energy. The advanced solution contains an underground stakeholder analysis and an implementation
water storage tank for emergency situations. Additionally a process diagram. Both elaborations can be used
battery is installed for compensating solar variations during the as a guide for replacing the old water supply
day. system and contacting concerned stakeholders.

The technical concept dimensions the photovoltaic plant to a size A purchase order monitoring concept has been
of 60 m2 at the pumping location near the Elfinesh-House and developed for the financing concept. It lists all feedback substation
41 m2 at the school. The battery capacity must be 3 kWh at the needed materials for the new water supply
Elfi-House and 3 kWh at the school. The reserve water tanks at system. In addition, different financing methods
the Elfi-House must be sized up to 31 m3 and 13 m3 at the school. have been evaluated and an instruction manual
The investment costs for the replacement of the whole system for the best method was created. In the future
will be about CHF 45,000. Elfinesh can use it as guidance for raising funds. 50% complete 100% complete

Results Recommendation
Example of the implementation process diagram The price of the heating network is estimated at 13 million pumping system
We recommend building the complete heat network if 30% of
Swiss Francs. The most expensive part will be the pipe the old town will connect to the grid from the beginning.
First priority: plan new piping system
order pipes and valves
exchange the leaky task allocation: system, which will cost approximately half of the pipeMoreover,
system the aim must be that 80% are connected after 20
piping system (length, number of valves) pipe / valve water distribution job
investment costs. The price per one kWh heat will cost years.
Yes
the consumer 11 cents. In addition we recommend running the heat pump with
heat central
With this projected heating system the old town of Baden electricity from sustainable energy and the gas burner if
No

dig a canal for the pipes run water through the

canal (depth: 0,5 meters) / put the pipes into the
connect the new pipes
pipes / not too much check if pipes or valves discard the old pipes and could reduce the CO2 emissions by 50% compared to the possible with bio gas.
with the tanks / seal the fill the canal with soil
sort out big and sharp canal
threads with teflon tape
water / do not drink the have any leakages valves in a scrap yard current heating situation. substation
stones water

engineering

Investment costs Consumer cost

Yes

check if the tanke have any

Second priority: plan additional tank send back and order new send back and order new CHF 1'750'000 CHF 3'500'000 CHF 5'250'000 CHF 7'000'000
order the tank leakages and purify the
additional tank (location) one one
tank inside
50% complete 100% complete current situation heating network
No Yes
14.00
No

dig a hole for the tank connect the tank with the task allocation: pumping system
pumping system
fill the tank completely check if the tanke have any fill the hole with soil /
(measurements of the tank put the tank into the hole pipes / seal the threads emergency water
with water leakages water is drinkable
are in the report) with teflon tape distribution job
pipe system
pipe system 10.50

heat central
heat central
Key colors: Biruk / Elfinesh Manufacturer Local inhabitants 7.00

Conclusion substation
substation
14 11
3.50
A photovoltaic plant, in addition to a battery and an underground storage tank, are the best technical and also
financial solution. To replace the old water supply system Elfinesh depends on donations. Crowdfunding is a favorable engineering
engineering

method for collecting donations to install the new water supply system. The implementation process diagram serves 0.00
CHF 1'750'000 CHF 3'500'000 CHF 5'250'000 CHF 7'000'000
as support for the Ethiopian student when he will begin to establish the new water supply system. price [cents/kWh]

Project number: 10205-U URL for the images: Projekt number: EUT P4 10221
Project leader: Max Wassmer Project leader: Philipp Tschannen
[4]
Project team: Martin Bünzli, Loreen Gavillet, Project team: Simon Kaiser, Stan Keusch, Joris Strassburg
Joel Gloor, Martin Wilhelm www.fhnw.ch/technik Project coach: Klaus Eisele, Christoph Sibold
source: www.fhnw.ch/technik
Project coach: Klaus Eisele, Ruth Schmitt
Energy transitions to renewable energies

• As fast as possible (no CO2 emissions)

• Industry change (biggest energy consumption)

• Electricity gereation by renewable technologies

• Politics must give marginal conditions for the change e.g.

RESD study program

• Individuums must change their lifestyle