Question: 1

What would be an example of an organization transferring the risks associated with a data breach?
A. Using a third-party service to process credit card transactions.
B. Encrypting sensitive personal data during collection and storage
C. Purchasing insurance to cover the organization in case of a breach.
D. Applying industry standard data handling practices to the organization’ practices.

Question: 2
Which of the following is considered a client-side IT risk?
A. Security policies focus solely on internal corporate obligations.
B. An organization increases the number of applications on its server.
C. An employee stores his personal information on his company laptop.
D. IDs used to avoid the use of personal data map to personal data in another database.
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Question: 3
SCENARIO
Carol was a U.S.-based glassmaker who sold her work at art festivals. She kept things simple by only
accepting cash and personal checks.
As business grew, Carol couldn't keep up with demand, and traveling to festivals became
burdensome. Carol opened a small boutique and hired Sam to run it while she worked in the studio.
Sam was a natural salesperson, and business doubled. Carol told Sam, “I don't know what you are
doing, but keep doing it!"
But months later, the gift shop was in chaos. Carol realized that Sam needed help so she hired Jane,
who had business expertise and could handle the back-office tasks. Sam would continue to focus on
sales. Carol gave Jane a few weeks to get acquainted with the artisan craft business, and then
scheduled a meeting for the three of them to discuss Jane's first impressions.
At the meeting, Carol could not wait to hear Jane's thoughts, but she was unprepared for what Jane
had to say. “Carol, I know that he doesn't realize it, but some of Sam’s efforts to increase sales have
put you in a vulnerable position. You are not protecting customers’ personal information like you
should.”
Sam said, “I am protecting our information. I keep it in the safe with our bank deposit. It's only a list
of customers’ names, addresses and phone numbers that I get from their checks before I deposit
them. I contact them when you finish a piece that I think they would like. That's the only information
I have! The only other thing I do is post photos and information about your work on the photo
sharing site that I use with family and friends. I provide my email address and people send me their
information if they want to see more of your work. Posting online really helps sales, Carol. In fact,
the
only complaint I hear is about having to come into the shop to make a purchase.”
Carol replied, “Jane, that doesn’t sound so bad. Could you just fix things and help us to post even
more online?"
‘I can," said Jane. “But it's not quite that simple. I need to set up a new program to make sure that
we follow the best practices in data management. And I am concerned for our customers. They
should be able to manage how we use their personal information. We also should develop a social
media strategy.”
Sam and Jane worked hard during the following year. One of the decisions they made was to
contract
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with an outside vendor to manage online sales. At the end of the year, Carol shared some exciting
news. “Sam and Jane, you have done such a great job that one of the biggest names in the glass
business wants to buy us out! And Jane, they want to talk to you about merging all of our customer
and vendor information with theirs beforehand."
What type of principles would be the best guide for Jane's ideas regarding a new data management
program?
A. Collection limitation principles.
B. Vendor management principles.
C. Incident preparedness principles.
D. Fair Information Practice Principles
Answer: D
Explanation:
Reference:
https://www.worldprivacyforum.org/2008/01/report-a-brief-introduction-to-fair
information-practices/
Question: 4
SCENARIO
Carol was a U.S.-based glassmaker who sold her work at art festivals. She kept things simple by only
accepting cash and personal checks.
As business grew, Carol couldn't keep up with demand, and traveling to festivals became
burdensome. Carol opened a small boutique and hired Sam to run it while she worked in the studio.
Sam was a natural salesperson, and business doubled. Carol told Sam, “I don't know what you are
doing, but keep doing it!"
But months later, the gift shop was in chaos. Carol realized that Sam needed help so she hired Jane,
who had business expertise and could handle the back-office tasks. Sam would continue to focus on
sales. Carol gave Jane a few weeks to get acquainted with the artisan craft business, and then
scheduled a meeting for the three of them to discuss Jane's first impressions.
At the meeting, Carol could not wait to hear Jane's thoughts, but she was unprepared for what Jane
had to say. “Carol, I know that he doesn't realize it, but some of Sam’s efforts to increase sales have
put you in a vulnerable position. You are not protecting customers’ personal information like you
should.”
Sam said, “I am protecting our information. I keep it in the safe with our bank deposit. It's only a list
of customers’ names, addresses and phone numbers that I get from their checks before I deposit
them. I contact them when you finish a piece that I think they would like. That's the only information
I have! The only other thing I do is post photos and information about your work on the photo
sharing site that I use with family and friends. I provide my email address and people send me their
information if they want to see more of your work. Posting online really helps sales, Carol. In fact,
the
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only complaint I hear is about having to come into the shop to make a purchase.”
Carol replied, “Jane, that doesn’t sound so bad. Could you just fix things and help us to post even
more online?"
‘I can," said Jane. “But it's not quite that simple. I need to set up a new program to make sure that
we follow the best practices in data management. And I am concerned for our customers. They
should be able to manage how we use their personal information. We also should develop a social
media strategy.”
Sam and Jane worked hard during the following year. One of the decisions they made was to
contract
with an outside vendor to manage online sales. At the end of the year, Carol shared some exciting
news. “Sam and Jane, you have done such a great job that one of the biggest names in the glass
business wants to buy us out! And Jane, they want to talk to you about merging all of our customer
and vendor information with theirs beforehand."
Which regulator has jurisdiction over the shop's data management practices?
A. The Federal Trade Commission.
B. The Department of Commerce.
C. The Data Protection Authority.
D. The Federal Communications Commission.
Answer: C
Explanation:
The Data Protection Authority is a regulatory body responsible for enforcing data protection laws
and
ensuring that organizations comply with their obligations to protect personal data. The Federal
Trade
Commission (FTC) is an independent agency of the United States government whose primary mission
is to promote consumer protection and prevent anti-competitive business practices.
Question: 5
SCENARIO
Carol was a U.S.-based glassmaker who sold her work at art festivals. She kept things simple by only
accepting cash and personal checks.
As business grew, Carol couldn't keep up with demand, and traveling to festivals became
burdensome. Carol opened a small boutique and hired Sam to run it while she worked in the studio.
Sam was a natural salesperson, and business doubled. Carol told Sam, “I don't know what you are
doing, but keep doing it!"
But months later, the gift shop was in chaos. Carol realized that Sam needed help so she hired Jane,
who had business expertise and could handle the back-office tasks. Sam would continue to focus on
sales. Carol gave Jane a few weeks to get acquainted with the artisan craft business, and then
scheduled a meeting for the three of them to discuss Jane's first impressions.
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At the meeting, Carol could not wait to hear Jane's thoughts, but she was unprepared for what Jane
had to say. “Carol, I know that he doesn't realize it, but some of Sam’s efforts to increase sales have
put you in a vulnerable position. You are not protecting customers’ personal information like you
should.”
Sam said, “I am protecting our information. I keep it in the safe with our bank deposit. It's only a list
of customers’ names, addresses and phone numbers that I get from their checks before I deposit
them. I contact them when you finish a piece that I think they would like. That's the only information
I have! The only other thing I do is post photos and information about your work on the photo
sharing site that I use with family and friends. I provide my email address and people send me their
information if they want to see more of your work. Posting online really helps sales, Carol. In fact,
the
only complaint I hear is about having to come into the shop to make a purchase.”
Carol replied, “Jane, that doesn’t sound so bad. Could you just fix things and help us to post even
more online?"
‘I can," said Jane. “But it's not quite that simple. I need to set up a new program to make sure that
we follow the best practices in data management. And I am concerned for our customers. They
should be able to manage how we use their personal information. We also should develop a social
media strategy.”
Sam and Jane worked hard during the following year. One of the decisions they made was to
contract
with an outside vendor to manage online sales. At the end of the year, Carol shared some exciting
news. “Sam and Jane, you have done such a great job that one of the biggest names in the glass
business wants to buy us out! And Jane, they want to talk to you about merging all of our customer
and vendor information with theirs beforehand."
When initially collecting personal information from customers, what should Jane be guided by?
A. Onward transfer rules.
B. Digital rights management.
C. Data minimization principles.
D. Vendor management principles
Answer: C
Explanation:
When initially collecting personal information from customers, Jane should be guided by data
minimization principles ©. Data minimization involves collecting only the minimum amount of
personal data necessary to achieve a specific purpose. This means that Jane should only collect
personal information from customers that is relevant and necessary for the intended purpose and
should avoid collecting excessive or unnecessary data.
Question: 6
A key principle of an effective privacy policy is that it should be?
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A. Written in enough detail to cover the majority of likely scenarios.
B. Made general enough to maximize flexibility in its application.
C. Presented with external parties as the intended audience.
D. Designed primarily by the organization's lawyers.
Answer: C
Explanation:
A key principle of an effective privacy policy is that it should be presented with external parties as
the intended audience1. This means that the privacy policy should be clear, easily understandable,
and accessible to anyone who interacts with the organization or its services. The privacy policy
should also inform external parties about how their personal data is collected, processed, stored,
shared, and protected by the organization2. The other options are not principles of an effective
privacy policy, but rather potential pitfalls or limitations.
Question: 7
What was the first privacy framework to be developed?
A. OECD Privacy Principles.
B. Generally Accepted Privacy Principles.
C. Code of Fair Information Practice Principles (FIPPs).
D. The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Privacy Framework.
Answer: C
Explanation:
The first privacy framework to be developed was the Code of Fair Information Practice Principles
(FIPPs)3. The FIPPs were proposed by a US government advisory committee in 1973 as a set of
guidelines for protecting personal data in automated systems3. The FIPPs influenced many
subsequent privacy frameworks and laws around the world, such as the OECD Privacy Principles
(1980), the EU Data Protection Directive (1995), and the APEC Privacy Framework (2004)3.
Question: 8
Which of the following became a foundation for privacy principles and practices of countries and
organizations across the globe?
A. The Personal Data Ordinance.
B. The EU Data Protection Directive.
C. The Code of Fair Information Practices.
D. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Privacy Principles.
Answer: D
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Explanation:
Reference:
https://privacyrights.org/resources/review-fair-information-principles-foundation
privacy-public-policy
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Privacy Principles became a
foundation for privacy principles and practices of countries and organizations across the globe4. The
OECD Privacy Principles were adopted by OECD member countries in 1980 as a set of eight basic
principles for ensuring adequate protection of personal data across national borders4. The OECD
Privacy Principles have been widely recognized as an international standard for data protection and
have influenced many regional and national laws and frameworks4.
Question: 9
SCENARIO
Kyle is a new security compliance manager who will be responsible for coordinating and executing
controls to ensure compliance with the company's information security policy and industry
standards. Kyle is also new to the company, where collaboration is a core value. On his first day of
new-hire orientation, Kyle's schedule included participating in meetings and observing work in the IT
and compliance departments.
Kyle spent the morning in the IT department, where the CIO welcomed him and explained that her
department was responsible for IT governance. The CIO and Kyle engaged in a conversation about
the importance of identifying meaningful IT governance metrics. Following their conversation, the
CIO introduced Kyle to Ted and Barney. Ted is implementing a plan to encrypt data at the
transportation level of the organization's wireless network. Kyle would need to get up to speed on
the project and suggest ways to monitor effectiveness once the implementation was complete.
Barney explained that his short-term goals are to establish rules governing where data can be placed
and to minimize the use of offline data storage.
Kyle spent the afternoon with Jill, a compliance specialist, and learned that she was exploring an
initiative for a compliance program to follow self-regulatory privacy principles. Thanks to a recent
internship, Kyle had some experience in this area and knew where Jill could find some support. Jill
also shared results of the company’s privacy risk assessment, noting that the secondary use of
personal information was considered a high risk.
By the end of the day, Kyle was very excited about his new job and his new company. In fact, he
learned about an open position for someone with strong qualifications and experience with access
privileges, project standards board approval processes, and application-level obligations, and
couldn’t wait to recommend his friend Ben who would be perfect for the job.
Ted's implementation is most likely a response to what incident?
A. Encryption keys were previously unavailable to the organization's cloud storage host.
B. Signatureless advanced malware was detected at multiple points on the organization's networks.
C. Cyber criminals accessed proprietary data by running automated authentication attacks on the
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organization's network.
D. Confidential information discussed during a strategic teleconference was intercepted by the
organization's top competitor.
Answer: C
Explanation:
In the scenario, Ted implemented a new security measure that requires all employees to use two
factor authentication when accessing the organization’s network. This measure is most likely a
response to an incident where cyber criminals accessed proprietary data by running automated
authentication attacks on the organization’s network.
Question: 10
SCENARIO
Kyle is a new security compliance manager who will be responsible for coordinating and executing
controls to ensure compliance with the company's information security policy and industry
standards. Kyle is also new to the company, where collaboration is a core value. On his first day of
new-hire orientation, Kyle's schedule included participating in meetings and observing work in the IT
and compliance departments.
Kyle spent the morning in the IT department, where the CIO welcomed him and explained that her
department was responsible for IT governance. The CIO and Kyle engaged in a conversation about
the importance of identifying meaningful IT governance metrics. Following their conversation, the
CIO introduced Kyle to Ted and Barney. Ted is implementing a plan to encrypt data at the
transportation level of the organization's wireless network. Kyle would need to get up to speed on
the project and suggest ways to monitor effectiveness once the implementation was complete.
Barney explained that his short-term goals are to establish rules governing where data can be placed
and to minimize the use of offline data storage.
Kyle spent the afternoon with Jill, a compliance specialist, and learned that she was exploring an
initiative for a compliance program to follow self-regulatory privacy principles. Thanks to a recent
internship, Kyle had some experience in this area and knew where Jill could find some support. Jill
also shared results of the company’s privacy risk assessment, noting that the secondary use of
personal information was considered a high risk.
By the end of the day, Kyle was very excited about his new job and his new company. In fact, he
learned about an open position for someone with strong qualifications and experience with access
privileges, project standards board approval processes, and application-level obligations, and
couldn’t wait to recommend his friend Ben who would be perfect for the job.
Which of the following should Kyle recommend to Jill as the best source of support for her initiative?
A. Investors.
B. Regulators.
C. Industry groups.
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D. Corporate researchers.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Jill is leading an initiative to develop a new industry standard for data privacy and security. Kyle
should recommend that Jill seek support from industry groups as they are likely to have a vested
interest in the development of such a standard and may be able to provide valuable input and
resources.
Question: 11
SCENARIO
Kyle is a new security compliance manager who will be responsible for coordinating and executing
controls to ensure compliance with the company's information security policy and industry
standards. Kyle is also new to the company, where collaboration is a core value. On his first day of
new-hire orientation, Kyle's schedule included participating in meetings and observing work in the IT
and compliance departments.
Kyle spent the morning in the IT department, where the CIO welcomed him and explained that her
department was responsible for IT governance. The CIO and Kyle engaged in a conversation about
the importance of identifying meaningful IT governance metrics. Following their conversation, the
CIO introduced Kyle to Ted and Barney. Ted is implementing a plan to encrypt data at the
transportation level of the organization's wireless network. Kyle would need to get up to speed on
the project and suggest ways to monitor effectiveness once the implementation was complete.
Barney explained that his short-term goals are to establish rules governing where data can be placed
and to minimize the use of offline data storage.
Kyle spent the afternoon with Jill, a compliance specialist, and learned that she was exploring an
initiative for a compliance program to follow self-regulatory privacy principles. Thanks to a recent
internship, Kyle had some experience in this area and knew where Jill could find some support. Jill
also shared results of the company’s privacy risk assessment, noting that the secondary use of
personal information was considered a high risk.
By the end of the day, Kyle was very excited about his new job and his new company. In fact, he
learned about an open position for someone with strong qualifications and experience with access
privileges, project standards board approval processes, and application-level obligations, and
couldn’t wait to recommend his friend Ben who would be perfect for the job.
Which data practice is Barney most likely focused on improving?
A. Deletion
B. Inventory.
C. Retention.
D. Sharing
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Answer: A
Explanation:
Barney is leading a project to improve the organization’s data practices and has implemented a new
policy that requires all employees to delete any data that is no longer needed for business purposes.
This suggests that Barney is most likely focused on improving the organization’s data deletion
practices.
Question: 12
What is the main function of a breach response center?
A. Detecting internal security attacks.
B. Addressing privacy incidents.
C. Providing training to internal constituencies.
D. Interfacing with privacy regulators and governmental bodies.
Answer: B
Explanation:
The main function of a breach response center is to address privacy incidents1. A breach response
center is a team of experts that conducts a comprehensive breach response when a data breach
occurs1. The breach response center may include forensics, legal, information security, information
technology, operations, human resources, communications, investor relations, and management1.
The other options are not the main function of a breach response center, but rather possible tasks or
roles that may be involved in a breach response.
Question: 13
Which is NOT a suitable action to apply to data when the retention period ends?
A. Aggregation.
B. De-identification.
C. Deletion.
D. Retagging.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Retagging is not a suitable action to apply to data when the retention period ends2. Retagging
means
changing the classification or label of data based on its sensitivity or value2. Retagging does not
reduce the risk of unauthorized access or disclosure of personal data that is no longer needed by the
organization2. The other options are suitable actions to apply to data when the retention period
ends, as they either remove or anonymize personal data2.
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Question: 14
What is the distinguishing feature of asymmetric encryption?
A. It has a stronger key for encryption than for decryption.
B. It employs layered encryption using dissimilar methods.
C. It uses distinct keys for encryption and decryption.
D. It is designed to cross operating systems.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Reference: https://www.cryptomathic.com/news-events/blog/classification-of-cryptographic-keys
functions-and-properties
The distinguishing feature of asymmetric encryption is that it uses distinct keys for encryption and
decryption3. Asymmetric encryption, also known as public-key encryption, involves two keys: a
public key that can be shared with anyone and used to encrypt messages; and a private key that is
kept secret by its owner and used to decrypt messages3. The other options are not features of
asymmetric encryption.
Question: 15
What is the most important requirement to fulfill when transferring data out of an organization?
A. Ensuring the organization sending the data controls how the data is tagged by the receiver.
B. Ensuring the organization receiving the data performs a privacy impact assessment.
C. Ensuring the commitments made to the data owner are followed.
D. Extending the data retention schedule as needed.
Answer: C
Explanation:
The most important requirement to fulfill when transferring data out of an organization is ensuring
the commitments made to the data owner are followed. The data owner is the person who has
provided their personal data to an organization for a specific purpose or consented to its collection.
When transferring data out of an organization, such as sharing it with another entity or moving it
across borders, it is essential that the organization respects the rights and expectations of the data
owner and complies with any applicable laws or regulations. The other options are not requirements
for transferring data out of an organization, but rather possible measures or considerations that may
be relevant depending on the context or nature of the transfer.
Question: 16
Which activity would best support the principle of data quality?
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A. Providing notice to the data subject regarding any change in the purpose for collecting such data.
B. Ensuring that the number of teams processing personal information is limited.
C. Delivering information in a format that the data subject understands.
D. Ensuring that information remains accurate.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Reference: https://iapp.org/resources/article/fair-information-practices/
The principle of data quality states that personal data should be relevant to the purposes for which
they are to be used and, to the extent necessary for those purposes, should be accurate, complete,
and up to date1. Therefore, ensuring that information remains accurate is an activity that would best
support this principle1. The other options are not directly related to the principle of data quality, but
rather to other principles such as purpose specification, security safeguards, or openness.
Question: 17
Which Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) privacy protection
principle
encourages an organization to obtain an individual s consent before transferring personal
information?
A. Individual participation.
B. Purpose specification.
C. Collection limitation.
D. Accountability.
Answer: A
Explanation:
The individual participation principle encourages an organization to obtain an individual’s consent
before transferring personal information1. According to this principle, an individual should have the
right to obtain from a data controller confirmation of whether or not the data controller has data
relating to him; to have communicated to him such data within a reasonable time; to be given
reasons if a request made under subparagraphs (a) and (b) is denied by the data controller; and to
challenge such denial; and to challenge data relating to him and, if the challenge is successful, to
have the data erased, rectified, completed or amended1. The other options are not principles that
encourage an organization to obtain an individual’s consent before transferring personal
information.
http://www.oecdprivacy.org/
Question: 18
Granting data subjects the right to have data corrected, amended, or deleted describes?
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A. Use limitation.
B. Accountability.
C. A security safeguard
D. Individual participation
Answer: D
Explanation:
Reference: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK236546/
Granting data subjects the right to have data corrected, amended, or deleted describes individual
participation1. As explained above, the individual participation principle gives individuals certain
rights over their personal data held by a data controller1. One of these rights is to challenge data
relating to them and, if the challenge is successful, to have the data erased, rectified, completed or
amended1. The other options are not principles that describe granting data subjects this right.
Question: 19
What is a mistake organizations make when establishing privacy settings during the development of
applications?
A. Providing a user with too many choices.
B. Failing to use "Do Not Track” technology.
C. Providing a user with too much third-party information.
D. Failing to get explicit consent from a user on the use of cookies.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Failing to get explicit consent from a user on the use of cookies is a mistake organizations make
when
establishing privacy settings during the development of applications2. Cookies are small files that
store information about users’ preferences and behavior on websites2. They can be used for various
purposes such as authentication, personalization, analytics, advertising etc.2 However, they can also
pose privacy risks as they may collect sensitive or personal information without users’ knowledge or
consent2. Therefore, organizations should inform users about how they use cookies and obtain their
explicit consent before placing cookies on their devices2. This is also required by some laws such as
EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and ePrivacy Directive2. The other options are not
mistakes organizations make when establishing privacy settings during the development of
applications.
Question: 20
Which of the following suggests the greatest degree of transparency?
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A. A privacy disclosure statement clearly articulates general purposes for collection
B. The data subject has multiple opportunities to opt-out after collection has occurred.
C. A privacy notice accommodates broadly defined future collections for new products.
D. After reading the privacy notice, a data subject confidently infers how her information will be
used.
Answer: D
Explanation:
After reading the privacy notice, a data subject confidently infers how her information will be used
suggests the greatest degree of transparency3
https://www.informatica.com/resources/articles/what-is-data-quality.html
Question: 21
Which is NOT a suitable method for assuring the quality of data collected by a third-party company?
A. Verifying the accuracy of the data by contacting users.
B. Validating the company’s data collection procedures.
C. Introducing erroneous data to see if its detected.
D. Tracking changes to data through auditing.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Introducing erroneous data to see if it’s detected is not a suitable method for assuring the quality of
data collected by a third-party company1. This method could compromise the integrity and
reliability
of the data and cause confusion or harm to the users or the business1. The other options are
suitable
methods for assuring the quality of data collected by a third-party company1. Verifying the accuracy
of the data by contacting users can help identify and correct any errors or inconsistencies in the
data1. Validating the company’s data collection procedures can help ensure that they follow best
practices and standards for collecting, storing, and processing personal information1. Tracking
changes to data through auditing can help monitor and document any modifications or deletions
made to the data1.
https://www.isaca.org/resources/news-and-trends/industry-news/2021/data-minimization-a
practical-approach
Question: 22
A valid argument against data minimization is that it?
A. Can limit business opportunities.
B. Decreases the speed of data transfers.
C. Can have an adverse effect on data quality.
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D. Increases the chance that someone can be identified from data.
Answer: A
Explanation:
A valid argument against data minimization is that it can limit business opportunities23. Data
minimization refers to limiting the collection, storage, and processing of personal information to only
what is strictly necessary for business operations3. While this practice can help protect privacy and
security, it can also restrict the potential uses and benefits of data for innovation, research,
marketing, analytics etc.23. The other options are not valid arguments against data minimization,
but
rather arguments in favor of it23.
https://www.manageengine.com/data-security/what-is/data-minimization.html
Question: 23
What is the main reason a company relies on implied consent instead of explicit consent from a user
to process her data?
A. The implied consent model provides the user with more detailed data collection information.
B. To secure explicit consent, a user's website browsing would be significantly disrupted.
C. An explicit consent model is more expensive to implement.
D. Regulators prefer the implied consent model.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Question: 24
What is the main benefit of using dummy data during software testing?
A. The data comes in a format convenient for testing.
B. Statistical disclosure controls are applied to the data.
C. The data enables the suppression of particular values in a set.
D. Developers do not need special privacy training to test the software.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Question: 25
How does k-anonymity help to protect privacy in micro data sets?
A. By ensuring that every record in a set is part of a group of "k" records having similar identifying
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information.
B. By switching values between records in order to preserve most statistics while still maintaining
privacy.
C. By adding sufficient noise to the data in order to hide the impact of any one individual.
D. By top-coding all age data above a value of "k."
Answer: A
Explanation:
Reference:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284332229_k
Anonymity_A_Model_for_Protecting_Privacy
Question: 26
Which of the following statements describes an acceptable disclosure practice?
A. An organization’s privacy policy discloses how data will be used among groups within the
organization itself.
B. With regard to limitation of use, internal disclosure policies override contractual agreements with
third parties.
C. Intermediaries processing sensitive data on behalf of an organization require stricter disclosure
oversight than vendors.
D. When an organization discloses data to a vendor, the terms of the vendor’ privacy notice prevail
over the organization’ privacy notice.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Question: 27
How should the sharing of information within an organization be documented?
A. With a binding contract.
B. With a data flow diagram.
C. With a disclosure statement.
D. With a memorandum of agreement.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Question: 28
What can be used to determine the type of data in storage without exposing its contents?
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A. Collection records.
B. Data mapping.
C. Server logs.
D. Metadata.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Reference: https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/gsutil/addlhelp/WorkingWithObjectMetadata
Question: 29
What must be done to destroy data stored on "write once read many" (WORM) media?
A. The data must be made inaccessible by encryption.
B. The erase function must be used to remove all data.
C. The media must be physically destroyed.
D. The media must be reformatted.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Question: 30
Which of the following would best improve an organization’ s system of limiting data use?
A. Implementing digital rights management technology.
B. Confirming implied consent for any secondary use of data.
C. Applying audit trails to resources to monitor company personnel.
D. Instituting a system of user authentication for company personnel.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Question: 31
Which of the following is considered a records management best practice?
A. Archiving expired data records and files.
B. Storing decryption keys with their associated backup systems.
C. Implementing consistent handling practices across all record types.
D. Using classification to determine access rules and retention policy.
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Answer: D
Explanation:
Reference: https://www.archive-vault.co.uk/best-practice-for-records-management
Question: 32
Which of the following provides a mechanism that allows an end-user to use a single sign-on (SSO)
for multiple services?
A. The Open ID Federation.
B. PCI Data Security Standards Council
C. International Organization for Standardization.
D. Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Question: 33
A user who owns a resource wants to give other individuals access to the resource. What control
would apply?
A. Mandatory access control.
B. Role-based access controls.
C. Discretionary access control.
D. Context of authority controls.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Reference: https://docs.microsoft.com/bs-latn-ba/azure/role-based-access-control/overview
Question: 34
What is the potential advantage of homomorphic encryption?
A. Encrypted information can be analyzed without decrypting it first.
B. Ciphertext size decreases as the security level increases.
C. It allows greater security and faster processing times.
D. It makes data impenetrable to attacks.
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Answer: C
Explanation:
Reference: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/homomorphic-encryption
Question: 35
What has been found to undermine the public key infrastructure system?
A. Man-in-the-middle attacks.
B. Inability to track abandoned keys.
C. Disreputable certificate authorities.
D. Browsers missing a copy of the certificate authority's public key.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Question: 36
SCENARIO
Wesley Energy has finally made its move, acquiring the venerable oil and gas exploration firm
Lancelot from its long-time owner David Wilson. As a member of the transition team, you have come
to realize that Wilson's quirky nature affected even Lancelot's data practices, which are maddeningly
inconsistent. “The old man hired and fired IT people like he was changing his necktie,” one of
Wilson’s seasoned lieutenants tells you, as you identify the traces of initiatives left half complete.
For instance, while some proprietary data and personal information on clients and employees is
encrypted, other sensitive information, including health information from surveillance testing of
employees for toxic exposures, remains unencrypted, particularly when included within longer
records with less-sensitive dat
a. You also find that data is scattered across applications, servers and facilities in a manner that at
first glance seems almost random.
Among your preliminary findings of the condition of data at Lancelot are the following:
Cloud technology is supplied by vendors around the world, including firms that you have not heard
of. You are told by a former Lancelot employee that these vendors operate with divergent security
requirements and protocols.
The company’s proprietary recovery process for shale oil is stored on servers among a variety of less
sensitive information that can be accessed not only by scientists, but by personnel of all types at
most company locations.
DES is the strongest encryption algorithm currently used for any file.
Several company facilities lack physical security controls, beyond visitor check-in, which familiar
vendors often bypass.
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Fixing all of this will take work, but first you need to grasp the scope of the mess and formulate a
plan
of action to address it.
Which is true regarding the type of encryption Lancelot uses?
A. It employs the data scrambling technique known as obfuscation.
B. Its decryption key is derived from its encryption key.
C. It uses a single key for encryption and decryption.
D. It is a data masking methodology.
Answer: C
Explanation:
It uses a single key for encryption and decryption. In the scenario, it is mentioned that Lancelot uses
symmetric encryption to protect its data. Symmetric encryption uses a single key for both encryption
and decryption.
Question: 37
SCENARIO
Wesley Energy has finally made its move, acquiring the venerable oil and gas exploration firm
Lancelot from its long-time owner David Wilson. As a member of the transition team, you have come
to realize that Wilson's quirky nature affected even Lancelot's data practices, which are maddeningly
inconsistent. “The old man hired and fired IT people like he was changing his necktie,” one of
Wilson’s seasoned lieutenants tells you, as you identify the traces of initiatives left half complete.
For instance, while some proprietary data and personal information on clients and employees is
encrypted, other sensitive information, including health information from surveillance testing of
employees for toxic exposures, remains unencrypted, particularly when included within longer
records with less-sensitive dat
a. You also find that data is scattered across applications, servers and facilities in a manner that at
first glance seems almost random.
Among your preliminary findings of the condition of data at Lancelot are the following:
Cloud technology is supplied by vendors around the world, including firms that you have not heard
of. You are told by a former Lancelot employee that these vendors operate with divergent security
requirements and protocols.
The company’s proprietary recovery process for shale oil is stored on servers among a variety of less
sensitive information that can be accessed not only by scientists, but by personnel of all types at
most company locations.
DES is the strongest encryption algorithm currently used for any file.
Several company facilities lack physical security controls, beyond visitor check-in, which familiar
vendors often bypass.
Fixing all of this will take work, but first you need to grasp the scope of the mess and formulate a
plan
of action to address it.
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Which procedure should be employed to identify the types and locations of data held by Wesley
Energy?
A. Privacy audit.
B. Log collection
C. Data inventory.
D. Data classification.
Answer: C
Explanation:
To identify the types and locations of data held by Wesley Energy, a data inventory should be
employed. A data inventory involves creating a comprehensive record of all the data held by an
organization, including information about its type and location.
Question: 38
A credit card with the last few numbers visible is an example of what?
A. Masking data
B. Synthetic data
C. Sighting controls.
D. Partial encryption
Answer: A
Explanation:
Reference: https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/98951/credit-card-number-masking-good
practices-rules-law-regulations
Question: 39
What is an example of a just-in-time notice?
A. A warning that a website may be unsafe.
B. A full organizational privacy notice publicly available on a website
C. A credit card company calling a user to verify a purchase before itis authorized
D. Privacy information given to a user when he attempts to comment on an online article.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Reference: https://www.clarip.com/data-privacy/just-time-notices/
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Question: 40
A vendor has been collecting data under an old contract, not aligned with the practices of the
organization.
Which is the preferred response?
A. Destroy the data
B. Update the contract to bring the vendor into alignment.
C. Continue the terms of the existing contract until it expires.
D. Terminate the contract and begin a vendor selection process.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Question: 41
SCENARIO
It should be the most secure location housing data in all of Europe, if not the world. The Global
Finance Data Collective (GFDC) stores financial information and other types of client data from large
banks, insurance companies, multinational corporations and governmental agencies. After a long
climb on a mountain road that leads only to the facility, you arrive at the security booth. Your
credentials are checked and checked again by the guard to visually verify that you are the person
pictured on your passport and national identification card. You are led down a long corridor with
server rooms on each side, secured by combination locks built into the doors. You climb a flight of
stairs and are led into an office that is lighted brilliantly by skylights where the GFDC Director of
Security, Dr. Monique Batch, greets you. On the far wall you notice a bank of video screens showing
different rooms in the facility. At the far end, several screens show different sections of the road up
the mountain
Dr. Batch explains once again your mission. As a data security auditor and consultant, it is a dream
assignment: The GFDC does not want simply adequate controls, but the best and most effective
security that current technologies allow.
“We were hacked twice last year,” Dr. Batch says, “and although only a small number of records
were
stolen, the bad press impacted our business. Our clients count on us to provide security that is
nothing short of impenetrable and to do so quietly. We hope to never make the news again.” She
notes that it is also essential that the facility is in compliance with all relevant security regulations
and standards.
You have been asked to verify compliance as well as to evaluate all current security controls and
security measures, including data encryption methods, authentication controls and the safest
methods for transferring data into and out of the facility. As you prepare to begin your analysis, you
find yourself considering an intriguing question: Can these people be sure that I am who I say I am?
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You are shown to the office made available to you and are provided with system login information,
including the name of the wireless network and a wireless key. Still pondering, you attempt to pull
up the facility's wireless network, but no networks appear in the wireless list. When you search for
the wireless network by name, however it is readily found.
Why would you recommend that GFC use record encryption rather than disk, file or table
encryption?
A. Record encryption is asymmetric, a stronger control measure.
B. Record encryption is granular, limiting the damage of potential breaches.
C. Record encryption involves tag masking, so its metadata cannot be decrypted
D. Record encryption allows for encryption of personal data only.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Record encryption is granular, limiting the damage of potential breaches. Record encryption
encrypts
data at the record level, providing a more granular level of protection than disk, file or table
encryption. This means that even if a breach were to occur, only the specific records that were
accessed would be compromised.
Question: 42
SCENARIO
It should be the most secure location housing data in all of Europe, if not the world. The Global
Finance Data Collective (GFDC) stores financial information and other types of client data from large
banks, insurance companies, multinational corporations and governmental agencies. After a long
climb on a mountain road that leads only to the facility, you arrive at the security booth. Your
credentials are checked and checked again by the guard to visually verify that you are the person
pictured on your passport and national identification card. You are led down a long corridor with
server rooms on each side, secured by combination locks built into the doors. You climb a flight of
stairs and are led into an office that is lighted brilliantly by skylights where the GFDC Director of
Security, Dr. Monique Batch, greets you. On the far wall you notice a bank of video screens showing
different rooms in the facility. At the far end, several screens show different sections of the road up
the mountain
Dr. Batch explains once again your mission. As a data security auditor and consultant, it is a dream
assignment: The GFDC does not want simply adequate controls, but the best and most effective
security that current technologies allow.
“We were hacked twice last year,” Dr. Batch says, “and although only a small number of records
were
stolen, the bad press impacted our business. Our clients count on us to provide security that is
nothing short of impenetrable and to do so quietly. We hope to never make the news again.” She
notes that it is also essential that the facility is in compliance with all relevant security regulations
and standards.
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You have been asked to verify compliance as well as to evaluate all current security controls and
security measures, including data encryption methods, authentication controls and the safest
methods for transferring data into and out of the facility. As you prepare to begin your analysis, you
find yourself considering an intriguing question: Can these people be sure that I am who I say I am?
You are shown to the office made available to you and are provided with system login information,
including the name of the wireless network and a wireless key. Still pondering, you attempt to pull
up the facility's wireless network, but no networks appear in the wireless list. When you search for
the wireless network by name, however it is readily found.
What measures can protect client information stored at GFDC?
A. De-linking of data into client-specific packets.
B. Cloud-based applications.
C. Server-side controls.
D. Data pruning
Answer: A
Explanation:
Question: 43
SCENARIO
It should be the most secure location housing data in all of Europe, if not the world. The Global
Finance Data Collective (GFDC) stores financial information and other types of client data from large
banks, insurance companies, multinational corporations and governmental agencies. After a long
climb on a mountain road that leads only to the facility, you arrive at the security booth. Your
credentials are checked and checked again by the guard to visually verify that you are the person
pictured on your passport and national identification card. You are led down a long corridor with
server rooms on each side, secured by combination locks built into the doors. You climb a flight of
stairs and are led into an office that is lighted brilliantly by skylights where the GFDC Director of
Security, Dr. Monique Batch, greets you. On the far wall you notice a bank of video screens showing
different rooms in the facility. At the far end, several screens show different sections of the road up
the mountain
Dr. Batch explains once again your mission. As a data security auditor and consultant, it is a dream
assignment: The GFDC does not want simply adequate controls, but the best and most effective
security that current technologies allow.
“We were hacked twice last year,” Dr. Batch says, “and although only a small number of records
were
stolen, the bad press impacted our business. Our clients count on us to provide security that is
nothing short of impenetrable and to do so quietly. We hope to never make the news again.” She
notes that it is also essential that the facility is in compliance with all relevant security regulations
and standards.
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You have been asked to verify compliance as well as to evaluate all current security controls and
security measures, including data encryption methods, authentication controls and the safest
methods for transferring data into and out of the facility. As you prepare to begin your analysis, you
find yourself considering an intriguing question: Can these people be sure that I am who I say I am?
You are shown to the office made available to you and are provided with system login information,
including the name of the wireless network and a wireless key. Still pondering, you attempt to pull
up the facility's wireless network, but no networks appear in the wireless list. When you search for
the wireless network by name, however it is readily found.
What type of wireless network does GFDC seem to employ?
A. A hidden network.
B. A reluctant network.
C. A user verified network.
D. A wireless mesh network.
Answer: D
Explanation:
https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/understanding-common-wifi-standards-technology-explained/
Question: 44
What must be used in conjunction with disk encryption?
A. Increased CPU speed.
B. A strong password.
C. A digital signature.
D. Export controls.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Question: 45
Which is NOT a way to validate a person's identity?
A. Swiping a smartcard into an electronic reader.
B. Using a program that creates random passwords.
C. Answering a question about "something you know”.
D. Selecting a picture and tracing a unique pattern on it
Answer: B
Explanation:
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Question: 46
Revocation and reissuing of compromised credentials is impossible for which of the following
authentication techniques?
A. Biometric data.
B. Picture passwords.
C. Personal identification number.
D. Radio frequency identification.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Question: 47
What is the main function of the Amnesic Incognito Live System or TAILS device?
A. It allows the user to run a self-contained computer from a USB device.
B. It accesses systems with a credential that leaves no discernable tracks.
C. It encrypts data stored on any computer on a network.
D. It causes a system to suspend its security protocols.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Reference: https://www.wired.co.uk/article/tails-operating-software
Question: 48
Which is NOT a drawback to using a biometric recognition system?
A. It can require more maintenance and support.
B. It can be more expensive than other systems
C. It has limited compatibility across systems.
D. It is difficult for people to use.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Question: 49
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What is a main benefit of data aggregation?
A. It is a good way to perform analysis without needing a statistician.
B. It applies two or more layers of protection to a single data record.
C. It allows one to draw valid conclusions from small data samples.
D. It is a good way to achieve de-identification and unlinkabilty.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Question: 50
Under the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), releasing personally identifiable
information from a student's educational record requires written permission from the parent or
eligible student in order for information to be?
A. Released to a prospective employer.
B. Released to schools to which a student is transferring.
C. Released to specific individuals for audit or evaluation purposes.
D. Released in response to a judicial order or lawfully ordered subpoena.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Reference: https://www2.ed.gov/policy/gen/guid/fpco/ferpa/index.html
Question: 51
After committing to a Privacy by Design program, which activity should take place first?
A. Create a privacy standard that applies to all projects and services.
B. Establish a retention policy for all data being collected.
C. Implement easy to use privacy settings for users.
D. Perform privacy reviews on new projects.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Question: 52
When releasing aggregates, what must be performed to magnitude data to ensure privacy?
A. Value swapping.
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B. Noise addition.
C. Basic rounding.
D. Top coding.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Reference: https://academic.oup.com/idpl/article/8/1/29/4930711
Question: 53
What term describes two re-identifiable data sets that both come from the same unidentified
individual?
A. Pseudonymous data.
B. Anonymous data.
C. Aggregated data.
D. Imprecise data.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Reference: https://ico.org.uk/media/1061/anonymisation-code.pdf
Question: 54
Which of the following most embodies the principle of Data Protection by Default?
A. A messaging app for high school students that uses HTTPS to communicate with the server.
B. An electronic teddy bear with built-in voice recognition that only responds to its owner's voice.
C. An internet forum for victims of domestic violence that allows anonymous posts without
registration.
D. A website that has an opt-in form for marketing emails when registering to download a
whitepaper.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Question: 55
Aadhaar is a unique-identity number of 12 digits issued to all Indian residents based on their
biometric and demographic dat
a. The data is collected by the Unique Identification Authority of India. The Aadhaar database
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contains the Aadhaar number, name, date of birth, gender and address of over 1 billion individuals.
Which of the following datasets derived from that data would be considered the most de-identified?
A. A count of the years of birth and hash of the person’ s gender.
B. A count of the month of birth and hash of the person's first name.
C. A count of the day of birth and hash of the person’s first initial of their first name.
D. Account of the century of birth and hash of the last 3 digits of the person's Aadhaar number.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Question: 56
What has been identified as a significant privacy concern with chatbots?
A. Most chatbot providers do not agree to code audits
B. Chatbots can easily verify the identity of the contact.
C. Users’ conversations with chatbots are not encrypted in transit.
D. Chatbot technology providers may be able to read chatbot conversations with users.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Reference: https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/privacy-concerns-emotional-chatbots/
Question: 57
What is the term for information provided to a social network by a member?
A. Profile data.
B. Declared data.
C. Personal choice data.
D. Identifier information.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Question: 58
What tactic does pharming use to achieve its goal?
A. It modifies the user's Hosts file.
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B. It encrypts files on a user's computer.
C. It creates a false display advertisement.
D. It generates a malicious instant message.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Reference: https://inspiredelearning.com/blog/phishing-vs-pharming-whats-difference/
Question: 59
All of the following can be indications of a ransomware attack EXCEPT?
A. The inability to access certain files.
B. An increased amount of spam email in an individual's inbox.
C. An increase in activity of the CPU of a computer for no apparent reason.
D. The detection of suspicious network communications between the ransomware and the attacker's
command and control servers.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Question: 60
You are a wine collector who uses the web to do research about your hobby. You navigate to a news
site and an ad for wine pops up. What kind of advertising is this?
A. Remnant.
B. Behavioral.
C. Contextual.
D. Demographic.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Reference: https://neilpatel.com/blog/behavioral-advertising/
Question: 61
What is the main reason the Do Not Track (DNT) header is not acknowledged by more companies?
A. Most web browsers incorporate the DNT feature.
B. The financial penalties for violating DNT guidelines are too high.
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C. There is a lack of consensus about what the DNT header should mean.
D. It has been difficult to solve the technological challenges surrounding DNT.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do_Not_Track
Question: 62
Why is first-party web tracking very difficult to prevent?
A. The available tools to block tracking would break most sites’ functionality.
B. Consumers enjoy the many benefits they receive from targeted advertising.
C. Regulatory frameworks are not concerned with web tracking.
D. Most browsers do not support automatic blocking.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Reference: https://www.opentracker.net/article/third-party-cookies-vs-first-party-cookies
Question: 63
During a transport layer security (TLS) session, what happens immediately after the web browser
creates a random PreMasterSecret?
A. The server decrypts the PremasterSecret.
B. The web browser opens a TLS connection to the PremasterSecret.
C. The web browser encrypts the PremasterSecret with the server's public key.
D. The server and client use the same algorithm to convert the PremasterSecret into an encryption
key.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Reference:
https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=OaXise4B
p8C&pg=PA175&lpg=PA175&dq=iapp+During+a+transport+layer+security+(TLS)+session,+what+hap
pens+immediately+after+the+web+browser+creates+a+random+PreMasterSecret&source=bl&ots=z
R0RCfnx3c&sig=ACfU3U0bTOeOfPfcoq_Y95SZs6imKKilug&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjkscDHpcbnA
hUJuRoKHU5iC9cQ6AEwCnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=iapp%20During%20a%20transport%20layer%
20security%20(TLS)%20session%2C%20what%20happens%20immediately%20after%20the%20web
%20browser%20creates%20a%20random%20PreMasterSecret&f=false
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Question: 64
What is the main benefit of using a private cloud?
A. The ability to use a backup system for personal files.
B. The ability to outsource data support to a third party.
C. The ability to restrict data access to employees and contractors.
D. The ability to cut costs for storing, maintaining, and accessing data.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Question: 65
SCENARIO
You have just been hired by Ancillary.com, a seller of accessories for everything under the sun,
including waterproof stickers for pool floats and decorative bands and cases for sunglasses. The
company sells cell phone cases, e-cigarette cases, wine spouts, hanging air fresheners for homes and
automobiles, book ends, kitchen implements, visors and shields for computer screens, passport
holders, gardening tools and lawn ornaments, and catalogs full of health and beauty products. The
list seems endless. As the CEO likes to say, Ancillary offers, without doubt, the widest assortment of
low-price consumer products from a single company anywhere.
Ancillary's operations are similarly diverse. The company originated with a team of sales consultants
selling home and beauty products at small parties in the homes of customers, and this base business
is still thriving. However, the company now sells online through retail sites designated for industries
and demographics, sites such as “My Cool Ride" for automobile-related products or “Zoomer” for
gear aimed toward young adults. The company organization includes a plethora of divisions, units
and outrigger operations, as Ancillary has been built along a decentered model rewarding individual
initiative and flexibility, while also acquiring key assets. The retail sites seem to all function
differently, and you wonder about their compliance with regulations and industry standards.
Providing tech support to these sites is also a challenge, partly due to a variety of logins and
authentication protocols.
You have been asked to lead three important new projects at Ancillary:
The first is the personal data management and security component of a multi-faceted initiative to
unify the company’s culture. For this project, you are considering using a series of third- party
servers
to provide company data and approved applications to employees.
The second project involves providing point of sales technology for the home sales force, allowing
them to move beyond paper checks and manual credit card imprinting.
Finally, you are charged with developing privacy protections for a single web store housing all the
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company’s product lines as well as products from affiliates. This new omnibus site will be known,
aptly, as “Under the Sun.” The Director of Marketing wants the site not only to sell Ancillary’s
products, but to link to additional products from other retailers through paid advertisements. You
need to brief the executive team of security concerns posed by this approach.
If you are asked to advise on privacy concerns regarding paid advertisements, which is the most
important aspect to cover?
A. Unseen web beacons that combine information on multiple users.
B. Latent keys that trigger malware when an advertisement is selected.
C. Personal information collected by cookies linked to the advertising network.
D. Sensitive information from Structured Query Language (SQL) commands that may be exposed.
Answer: C
Explanation:
The most important aspect to cover when advising on privacy concerns regarding paid
advertisements would be C. Personal information collected by cookies linked to the advertising
network. Cookies are small text files that are stored on a user’s device by websites and advertising
networks. They can be used to track a user’s browsing behavior and collect personal information.
This can raise privacy concerns as users may not be aware of the extent of data collection and how
their personal information is being used.
Question: 66
SCENARIO
You have just been hired by Ancillary.com, a seller of accessories for everything under the sun,
including waterproof stickers for pool floats and decorative bands and cases for sunglasses. The
company sells cell phone cases, e-cigarette cases, wine spouts, hanging air fresheners for homes and
automobiles, book ends, kitchen implements, visors and shields for computer screens, passport
holders, gardening tools and lawn ornaments, and catalogs full of health and beauty products. The
list seems endless. As the CEO likes to say, Ancillary offers, without doubt, the widest assortment of
low-price consumer products from a single company anywhere.
Ancillary's operations are similarly diverse. The company originated with a team of sales consultants
selling home and beauty products at small parties in the homes of customers, and this base business
is still thriving. However, the company now sells online through retail sites designated for industries
and demographics, sites such as “My Cool Ride" for automobile-related products or “Zoomer” for
gear aimed toward young adults. The company organization includes a plethora of divisions, units
and outrigger operations, as Ancillary has been built along a decentered model rewarding individual
initiative and flexibility, while also acquiring key assets. The retail sites seem to all function
differently, and you wonder about their compliance with regulations and industry standards.
Providing tech support to these sites is also a challenge, partly due to a variety of logins and
authentication protocols.
You have been asked to lead three important new projects at Ancillary:
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The first is the personal data management and security component of a multi-faceted initiative to
unify the company’s culture. For this project, you are considering using a series of third- party
servers
to provide company data and approved applications to employees.
The second project involves providing point of sales technology for the home sales force, allowing
them to move beyond paper checks and manual credit card imprinting.
Finally, you are charged with developing privacy protections for a single web store housing all the
company’s product lines as well as products from affiliates. This new omnibus site will be known,
aptly, as “Under the Sun.” The Director of Marketing wants the site not only to sell Ancillary’s
products, but to link to additional products from other retailers through paid advertisements. You
need to brief the executive team of security concerns posed by this approach.
What technology is under consideration in the first project in this scenario?
A. Server driven controls.
B. Cloud computing
C. Data on demand
D. MAC filtering
Answer: B
Explanation:
The technology under consideration in the first project in this scenario is B. Cloud computing. In the
scenario, it is mentioned that the first project involves migrating data and applications to a cloud
based infrastructure.
Question: 67
SCENARIO
You have just been hired by Ancillary.com, a seller of accessories for everything under the sun,
including waterproof stickers for pool floats and decorative bands and cases for sunglasses. The
company sells cell phone cases, e-cigarette cases, wine spouts, hanging air fresheners for homes and
automobiles, book ends, kitchen implements, visors and shields for computer screens, passport
holders, gardening tools and lawn ornaments, and catalogs full of health and beauty products. The
list seems endless. As the CEO likes to say, Ancillary offers, without doubt, the widest assortment of
low-price consumer products from a single company anywhere.
Ancillary's operations are similarly diverse. The company originated with a team of sales consultants
selling home and beauty products at small parties in the homes of customers, and this base business
is still thriving. However, the company now sells online through retail sites designated for industries
and demographics, sites such as “My Cool Ride" for automobile-related products or “Zoomer” for
gear aimed toward young adults. The company organization includes a plethora of divisions, units
and outrigger operations, as Ancillary has been built along a decentered model rewarding individual
initiative and flexibility, while also acquiring key assets. The retail sites seem to all function
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differently, and you wonder about their compliance with regulations and industry standards.
Providing tech support to these sites is also a challenge, partly due to a variety of logins and
authentication protocols.
You have been asked to lead three important new projects at Ancillary:
The first is the personal data management and security component of a multi-faceted initiative to
unify the company’s culture. For this project, you are considering using a series of third- party
servers
to provide company data and approved applications to employees.
The second project involves providing point of sales technology for the home sales force, allowing
them to move beyond paper checks and manual credit card imprinting.
Finally, you are charged with developing privacy protections for a single web store housing all the
company’s product lines as well as products from affiliates. This new omnibus site will be known,
aptly, as “Under the Sun.” The Director of Marketing wants the site not only to sell Ancillary’s
products, but to link to additional products from other retailers through paid advertisements. You
need to brief the executive team of security concerns posed by this approach.
Which should be used to allow the home sales force to accept payments using smartphones?
A. Field transfer protocol.
B. Cross-current translation.
C. Near-field communication
D. Radio Frequency Identification
Answer: C
Explanation:
The technology that should be used to allow the home sales force to accept payments using
smartphones is C. Near-field communication (NFC). NFC is a short-range wireless technology that
allows devices to exchange data when they are brought close together. This technology is commonly
used in contactless payment systems and can be used to enable smartphones to accept payments.
Question: 68
What is the best way to protect privacy on a geographic information system (GIS)?
A. Limiting the data provided to the system.
B. Using a wireless encryption protocol.
C. Scrambling location information.
D. Using a firewall.
Answer: A
Explanation:
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Reference:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/2873114_Protecting_Personal_Privacy_in_Using_Geogra
phic_Information_Systems
Question: 69
In the realm of artificial intelligence, how has deep learning enabled greater implementation of
machine learning?
A. By using hand-coded classifiers like edge detection filters so that a program can identify where an
object starts and stops.
B. By increasing the size of neural networks and running massive amounts of data through the
network to train it.
C. By using algorithmic approaches such as decision tree learning and inductive logic programming.
D. By hand coding software routines with a specific set of instructions to accomplish a task.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Reference: https://towardsdatascience.com/notes-on-artificial-intelligence-ai-machine-learning-ml
and-deep-learning-dl-for-56e51a2071c2
Question: 70
Which of the following is an example of the privacy risks associated with the Internet of Things (loT)?
A. A group of hackers infiltrate a power grid and cause a major blackout.
B. An insurance company raises a person’s rates based on driving habits gathered from a connected
car.
C. A website stores a cookie on a user's hard drive so the website can recognize the user on
subsequent visits.
D. A water district fines an individual after a meter reading reveals excess water use during drought
conditions.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Question: 71
How can a hacker gain control of a smartphone to perform remote audio and video surveillance?
A. By performing cross-site scripting.
B. By installing a roving bug on the phone.
C. By manipulating geographic information systems.
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D. By accessing a phone's global positioning system satellite signal.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Question: 72
SCENARIO
Clean-Q is a company that offers house-hold and office cleaning services. The company receives
requests from consumers via their website and telephone, to book cleaning services. Based on the
type and size of service, Clean-Q then contracts individuals that are registered on its resource
database - currently managed in-house by Clean-Q IT Support. Because of Clean-Q's business model,
resources are contracted as needed instead of permanently employed.
The table below indicates some of the personal information Clean-Q requires as part of its business
operations:
Clean-Q has an internal employee base of about 30 people. A recent privacy compliance exercise has
been conducted to align employee data management and human resource functions with applicable
data protection regulation. Therefore, the Clean-Q permanent employee base is not included as part
of this scenario.
With an increase in construction work and housing developments, Clean-Q has had an influx of
requests for cleaning services. The demand has overwhelmed Clean-Q's traditional supply and
demand system that has caused some overlapping bookings.
Ina business strategy session held by senior management recently, Clear-Q invited vendors to
present potential solutions to their current operational issues. These vendors included Application
developers and Cloud-Q’s solution providers, presenting their proposed solutions and platforms.
The Managing Director opted to initiate the process to integrate Clean-Q's operations with a cloud
solution (LeadOps) that will provide the following solution one single online platform: A web
interface that Clean-Q accesses for the purposes of resource and customer management. This would
entail uploading resource and customer information.
A customer facing web interface that enables customers to register, manage and submit cleaning
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service requests online.
A resource facing web interface that enables resources to apply and manage their assigned jobs.
An online payment facility for customers to pay for services.
If Clean-Q were to utilize LeadOps' services, what is a contract clause that may be included in the
agreement entered into with LeadOps?
A. A provision that holds LeadOps liable for a data breach involving Clean-Q's information.
B. A provision prescribing technical and organizational controls that LeadOps must implement.
C. A provision that requires LeadOps to notify Clean-Q of any suspected breaches of information that
involves customer or resource information managed on behalf of Clean-Q.
D. A provision that allows Clean-Q to conduct audits of LeadOps’ information processing and
information security environment, at LeadOps’ cost and at any time that Clean-Q requires.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Question: 73
SCENARIO
Clean-Q is a company that offers house-hold and office cleaning services. The company receives
requests from consumers via their website and telephone, to book cleaning services. Based on the
type and size of service, Clean-Q then contracts individuals that are registered on its resource
database - currently managed in-house by Clean-Q IT Support. Because of Clean-Q's business model,
resources are contracted as needed instead of permanently employed.
The table below indicates some of the personal information Clean-Q requires as part of its business
operations:
Clean-Q has an internal employee base of about 30 people. A recent privacy compliance exercise has
been conducted to align employee data management and human resource functions with applicable
data protection regulation. Therefore, the Clean-Q permanent employee base is not included as part
of this scenario.
With an increase in construction work and housing developments, Clean-Q has had an influx of
requests for cleaning services. The demand has overwhelmed Clean-Q's traditional supply and
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demand system that has caused some overlapping bookings.
Ina business strategy session held by senior management recently, Clear-Q invited vendors to
present potential solutions to their current operational issues. These vendors included Application
developers and Cloud-Q’s solution providers, presenting their proposed solutions and platforms.
The Managing Director opted to initiate the process to integrate Clean-Q's operations with a cloud
solution (LeadOps) that will provide the following solution one single online platform: A web
interface that Clean-Q accesses for the purposes of resource and customer management. This would
entail uploading resource and customer information.
A customer facing web interface that enables customers to register, manage and submit cleaning
service requests online.
A resource facing web interface that enables resources to apply and manage their assigned jobs.
An online payment facility for customers to pay for services.
Considering that LeadOps will host/process personal information on behalf of Clean-Q remotely,
what is an appropriate next step for Clean-Q senior management to assess LeadOps'
appropriateness?
A. Nothing at this stage as the Managing Director has made a decision.
B. Determine if any Clean-Q competitors currently use LeadOps as a solution.
C. Obtain a legal opinion from an external law firm on contracts management.
D. Involve the Information Security team to understand in more detail the types of services and
solutions LeadOps is proposing.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Since LeadOps will host/process personal information on behalf of Clean-Q remotely, it is important
for Clean-Q’s Information Security team to assess the security measures and controls that LeadOps
has in place to protect this information. This will help Clean-Q senior management make an
informed decision about whether or not to engage LeadOps’ services.
Question: 74
SCENARIO
Clean-Q is a company that offers house-hold and office cleaning services. The company receives
requests from consumers via their website and telephone, to book cleaning services. Based on the
type and size of service, Clean-Q then contracts individuals that are registered on its resource
database - currently managed in-house by Clean-Q IT Support. Because of Clean-Q's business model,
resources are contracted as needed instead of permanently employed.
The table below indicates some of the personal information Clean-Q requires as part of its business
operations:
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Clean-Q has an internal employee base of about 30 people. A recent privacy compliance exercise has
been conducted to align employee data management and human resource functions with applicable
data protection regulation. Therefore, the Clean-Q permanent employee base is not included as part
of this scenario.
With an increase in construction work and housing developments, Clean-Q has had an influx of
requests for cleaning services. The demand has overwhelmed Clean-Q's traditional supply and
demand system that has caused some overlapping bookings.
Ina business strategy session held by senior management recently, Clear-Q invited vendors to
present potential solutions to their current operational issues. These vendors included Application
developers and Cloud-Q’s solution providers, presenting their proposed solutions and platforms.
The Managing Director opted to initiate the process to integrate Clean-Q's operations with a cloud
solution (LeadOps) that will provide the following solution one single online platform: A web
interface that Clean-Q accesses for the purposes of resource and customer management. This would
entail uploading resource and customer information.
A customer facing web interface that enables customers to register, manage and submit cleaning
service requests online.
A resource facing web interface that enables resources to apply and manage their assigned jobs.
An online payment facility for customers to pay for services.
Which question would you most likely ask to gain more insight about LeadOps and provide practical
privacy recommendations?
A. What is LeadOps’ annual turnover?
B. How big is LeadOps’ employee base?
C. Where are LeadOps' operations and hosting services located?
D. Does LeadOps practice agile development and maintenance of their system?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The location of LeadOps’ operations and hosting services is important information for Clean-Q to
consider when assessing LeadOps’ appropriateness as a service provider. This is because different
countries have different data protection laws and regulations that may impact how personal
information can be processed and stored. Knowing where LeadOps’ operations and hosting services
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are located will help Clean-Q make informed decisions about how to protect the personal
information it entrusts to LeadOps.
Question: 75
SCENARIO
Clean-Q is a company that offers house-hold and office cleaning services. The company receives
requests from consumers via their website and telephone, to book cleaning services. Based on the
type and size of service, Clean-Q then contracts individuals that are registered on its resource
database - currently managed in-house by Clean-Q IT Support. Because of Clean-Q's business model,
resources are contracted as needed instead of permanently employed.
The table below indicates some of the personal information Clean-Q requires as part of its business
operations:
Clean-Q has an internal employee base of about 30 people. A recent privacy compliance exercise has
been conducted to align employee data management and human resource functions with applicable
data protection regulation. Therefore, the Clean-Q permanent employee base is not included as part
of this scenario.
With an increase in construction work and housing developments, Clean-Q has had an influx of
requests for cleaning services. The demand has overwhelmed Clean-Q's traditional supply and
demand system that has caused some overlapping bookings.
Ina business strategy session held by senior management recently, Clear-Q invited vendors to
present potential solutions to their current operational issues. These vendors included Application
developers and Cloud-Q’s solution providers, presenting their proposed solutions and platforms.
The Managing Director opted to initiate the process to integrate Clean-Q's operations with a cloud
solution (LeadOps) that will provide the following solution one single online platform: A web
interface that Clean-Q accesses for the purposes of resource and customer management. This would
entail uploading resource and customer information.
A customer facing web interface that enables customers to register, manage and submit cleaning
service requests online.
A resource facing web interface that enables resources to apply and manage their assigned jobs.
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An online payment facility for customers to pay for services.
What is a key consideration for assessing external service providers like LeadOps, which will conduct
personal information processing operations on Clean-Q's behalf?
A. Understanding LeadOps’ costing model.
B. Establishing a relationship with the Managing Director of LeadOps.
C. Recognizing the value of LeadOps’ website holding a verified security certificate.
D. Obtaining knowledge of LeadOps' information handling practices and information security
environment.
Answer: D
Explanation:
When engaging an external service provider to process personal information on its behalf, it is
important for Clean-Q to have a good understanding of the service provider’s information handling
practices and information security environment. This will help Clean-Q assess whether or not the
service provider has appropriate measures in place to protect the personal information it entrusts to
them.
Question: 76
Which of the following is NOT a workplace surveillance best practice?
A. Check local privacy laws before putting surveillance in place.
B. Ensure surveillance is discreet so employees do not alter their behavior.
C. Once surveillance data has been gathered, limit exposure of the content.
D. Ensure the minimal amount of surveillance is performed to meet the objective.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Question: 77
Which of the following is a vulnerability of a sensitive biometrics authentication system?
A. False positives.
B. False negatives.
C. Slow recognition speeds.
D. Theft of finely individualized personal data.
Answer: C
Explanation:
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Question: 78
Which is the most accurate type of biometrics?
A. DNA
B. Voiceprint.
C. Fingerprint.
D. Facial recognition.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Reference: https://www.bayometric.com/biometrics-face-finger-iris-palm-voice/
Question: 79
What is true of providers of wireless technology?
A. They have the legal right in most countries to control and use any data on their systems.
B. They can see all unencrypted data that crosses the system.
C. They are typically exempt from data security regulations.
D. They routinely backup data that crosses their system.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Question: 80
What distinguishes a "smart" device?
A. It can perform multiple data functions simultaneously.
B. It is programmable by a user without specialized training.
C. It can reapply access controls stored in its internal memory.
D. It augments its intelligence with information from the internet.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Reference:
https://towardsdatascience.com/what-is-a-smart-device-the-key-concept-of-the
internet-of-things-52da69f6f91b
Question: 81
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What is the goal of privacy enhancing technologies (PETS) like multiparty computation and
differential privacy?
A. To facilitate audits of third party vendors.
B. To protect sensitive data while maintaining its utility.
C. To standardize privacy activities across organizational groups.
D. To protect the security perimeter and the data items themselves.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Reference:
https://royalsociety.org/-/media/policy/projects/privacy-enhancing
technologies/privacy-report-summary.pdf
Question: 82
To comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX), public companies in the United States are required to
annually report on the effectiveness of the auditing controls of their financial reporting systems.
These controls must be implemented to prevent unauthorized use, disclosure, modification, and
damage or loss of financial data.
Why do these controls ensure both the privacy and security of data?
A. Modification of data is an aspect of privacy; unauthorized use, disclosure, and damage or loss of
data are aspects of security.
B. Unauthorized use of data is an aspect of privacy; disclosure, modification, and damage or loss of
data are aspects of security.
C. Disclosure of data is an aspect of privacy; unauthorized use, modification, and damage or loss of
data are aspects of security.
D. Damage or loss of data are aspects of privacy; disclosure, unauthorized use, and modification of
data are aspects of privacy.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Question: 83
Which of the following entities would most likely be exempt from complying with the General Data
Protection Regulation (GDPR)?
A. A South American company that regularly collects European customers’ personal data.
B. A company that stores all customer data in Australia and is headquartered in a European Union
(EU) member state.
C. A Chinese company that has opened a satellite office in a European Union (EU) member state to
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service European customers.
D. A North American company servicing customers in South Africa that uses a cloud storage system
made by a European company.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Question: 84
SCENARIO
WebTracker Limited is a cloud-based online marketing service located in London. Last year,
WebTracker migrated its IT infrastructure to the cloud provider AmaZure, which provides SQL
Databases and Artificial Intelligence services to WebTracker. The roles and responsibilities between
the two companies have been formalized in a standard contract, which includes allocating the role of
data controller to WebTracker.
The CEO of WebTracker, Mr. Bond, would like to assess the effectiveness of AmaZure's privacy
controls, and he recently decided to hire you as an independent auditor. The scope of the
engagement is limited only to the marketing services provided by WebTracker, you will not be
evaluating any internal data processing activity, such as HR or Payroll.
This ad-hoc audit was triggered due to a future partnership between WebTracker and SmartHome —
a partnership that will not require any data sharing. SmartHome is based in the USA, and most
recently has dedicated substantial resources to developing smart refrigerators that can suggest the
recommended daily calorie intake based on DNA information. This and other personal data is
collected by WebTracker.
To get an idea of the scope of work involved, you have decided to start reviewing the company's
documentation and interviewing key staff to understand potential privacy risks.
The results of this initial work include the following notes:
There are several typos in the current privacy notice of WebTracker, and you were not able to find
the
privacy notice for SmartHome.
You were unable to identify all the sub-processors working for SmartHome. No subcontractor is
indicated in the cloud agreement with AmaZure, which is responsible for the support and
maintenance of the cloud infrastructure.
There are data flows representing personal data being collected from the internal employees of
WebTracker, including an interface from the HR system.
Part of the DNA data collected by WebTracker was from employees, as this was a prototype
approved
by the CEO of WebTracker.
All the WebTracker and SmartHome customers are based in USA and Canada.
Based on the initial assessment and review of the available data flows, which of the following would
be the most important privacy risk you should investigate first?
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A. Verify that WebTracker's HR and Payroll systems implement the current privacy notice (after the
typos are fixed).
B. Review the list of subcontractors employed by AmaZure and ensure these are included in the
formal agreement with WebTracker.
C. Evaluate and review the basis for processing employees’ personal data in the context of the
prototype created by WebTracker and approved by the CEO.
D. Confirm whether the data transfer from London to the USA has been fully approved by AmaZure
and the appropriate institutions in the USA and the European Union.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Transferring personal data across borders can pose significant privacy risks if not done in compliance
with applicable data protection laws and regulations. It is important for WebTracker to confirm that
this data transfer has been fully approved by all relevant parties to ensure that it is being done in a
compliant manner.
Question: 85
SCENARIO
WebTracker Limited is a cloud-based online marketing service located in London. Last year,
WebTracker migrated its IT infrastructure to the cloud provider AmaZure, which provides SQL
Databases and Artificial Intelligence services to WebTracker. The roles and responsibilities between
the two companies have been formalized in a standard contract, which includes allocating the role of
data controller to WebTracker.
The CEO of WebTracker, Mr. Bond, would like to assess the effectiveness of AmaZure's privacy
controls, and he recently decided to hire you as an independent auditor. The scope of the
engagement is limited only to the marketing services provided by WebTracker, you will not be
evaluating any internal data processing activity, such as HR or Payroll.
This ad-hoc audit was triggered due to a future partnership between WebTracker and SmartHome —
a partnership that will not require any data sharing. SmartHome is based in the USA, and most
recently has dedicated substantial resources to developing smart refrigerators that can suggest the
recommended daily calorie intake based on DNA information. This and other personal data is
collected by WebTracker.
To get an idea of the scope of work involved, you have decided to start reviewing the company's
documentation and interviewing key staff to understand potential privacy risks.
The results of this initial work include the following notes:
There are several typos in the current privacy notice of WebTracker, and you were not able to find
the
privacy notice for SmartHome.
You were unable to identify all the sub-processors working for SmartHome. No subcontractor is
indicated in the cloud agreement with AmaZure, which is responsible for the support and
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maintenance of the cloud infrastructure.
There are data flows representing personal data being collected from the internal employees of
WebTracker, including an interface from the HR system.
Part of the DNA data collected by WebTracker was from employees, as this was a prototype
approved
by the CEO of WebTracker.
All the WebTracker and SmartHome customers are based in USA and Canada.
Which of the following issues is most likely to require an investigation by the Chief Privacy Officer
(CPO) of WebTracker?
A. Data flows use encryption for data at rest, as defined by the IT manager.
B. AmaZure sends newsletter to WebTracker customers, as approved by the Marketing Manager.
C. Employees’ personal data are being stored in a cloud HR system, as approved by the HR Manager.
D. File Integrity Monitoring is being deployed in SQL servers, as indicated by the IT Architect
Manager.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Sending marketing communications such as newsletters to customers involves processing their
personal data. It is important for WebTracker’s CPO to investigate whether this processing is being
done in compliance with applicable data protection laws and regulations. This may include verifying
that customers have given their consent to receive these communications or that another lawful
basis for processing their personal data exists.
Question: 86
SCENARIO
Tom looked forward to starting his new position with a U.S —based automobile leasing company
(New Company), now operating in 32 states. New Company was recently formed through the
merger
of two prominent players, one from the eastern region (East Company) and one from the western
region (West Company). Tom, a Certified Information Privacy Technologist (CIPT), is New Company's
first Information Privacy and Security Officer. He met today with Dick from East Company, and Harry,
from West Company. Dick and Harry are veteran senior information privacy and security
professionals at their respective companies, and continue to lead the east and west divisions of New
Company.
The
purpose
of
the
meeting
was
to
conduct
a
SWOT
(strengths/weaknesses/opportunities/threats) analysis for New Company. Their SWOT analysis
conclusions are summarized below.
Dick was enthusiastic about an opportunity for the New Company to reduce costs and increase
computing power and flexibility through cloud services. East Company had been contemplating
moving to the cloud, but West Company already had a vendor that was providing it with software-
as-
a-service (SaaS). Dick was looking forward to extending this service to the eastern region. Harry
noted that this was a threat as well, because West Company had to rely on the third party to protect
its data.
Tom mentioned that neither of the legacy companies had sufficient data storage space to meet the
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projected growth of New Company, which he saw as a weakness. Tom stated that one of the team's
first projects would be to construct a consolidated New Company data warehouse. Tom would
personally lead this project and would be held accountable if information was modified during
transmission to or during storage in the new data warehouse.
Tom, Dick and Harry agreed that employee network access could be considered both a strength and
a
weakness. East Company and West Company had strong performance records in this regard; both
had robust network access controls that were working as designed. However, during a projected
year-long transition period, New Company employees would need to be able to connect to a New
Company network while retaining access to the East Company and West Company networks.
Which statement is correct about addressing New Company stakeholders’ expectations for privacy?
A. New Company should expect consumers to read the company’s privacy policy.
B. New Company should manage stakeholder expectations for privacy even when the stakeholders‘
data is not held by New Company.
C. New Company would best meet consumer expectations for privacy by adhering to legal
requirements.
D. New Company's commitment to stakeholders ends when the stakeholders’ data leaves New
Company.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Adhering to legal requirements for data protection and privacy is an important way for New
Company to meet its stakeholders’ expectations for privacy. This includes complying with applicable
data protection laws and regulations and implementing appropriate measures to protect personal
data.
Question: 87
SCENARIO
Tom looked forward to starting his new position with a U.S —based automobile leasing company
(New Company), now operating in 32 states. New Company was recently formed through the
merger
of two prominent players, one from the eastern region (East Company) and one from the western
region (West Company). Tom, a Certified Information Privacy Technologist (CIPT), is New Company's
first Information Privacy and Security Officer. He met today with Dick from East Company, and Harry,
from West Company. Dick and Harry are veteran senior information privacy and security
professionals at their respective companies, and continue to lead the east and west divisions of New
Company.
The
purpose
of
the
meeting
was
to
conduct
a
SWOT
(strengths/weaknesses/opportunities/threats) analysis for New Company. Their SWOT analysis
conclusions are summarized below.
Dick was enthusiastic about an opportunity for the New Company to reduce costs and increase
computing power and flexibility through cloud services. East Company had been contemplating
moving to the cloud, but West Company already had a vendor that was providing it with software-as
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a-service (SaaS). Dick was looking forward to extending this service to the eastern region. Harry
noted that this was a threat as well, because West Company had to rely on the third party to protect
its data.
Tom mentioned that neither of the legacy companies had sufficient data storage space to meet the
projected growth of New Company, which he saw as a weakness. Tom stated that one of the team's
first projects would be to construct a consolidated New Company data warehouse. Tom would
personally lead this project and would be held accountable if information was modified during
transmission to or during storage in the new data warehouse.
Tom, Dick and Harry agreed that employee network access could be considered both a strength and
a
weakness. East Company and West Company had strong performance records in this regard; both
had robust network access controls that were working as designed. However, during a projected
year-long transition period, New Company employees would need to be able to connect to a New
Company network while retaining access to the East Company and West Company networks.
When employees are working remotely, they usually connect to a Wi-Fi network. What should Harry
advise for maintaining company security in this situation?
A. Hiding wireless service set identifiers (SSID).
B. Retaining the password assigned by the network.
C. Employing Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) encryption.
D. Using tokens sent through HTTP sites to verify user identity.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Instead, Harry should advise employees to use strong passwords or other forms of secure
authentication such as multi-factor authentication when connecting to Wi-Fi networks. He should
also advise them to use secure methods of encryption such as WPA2 or WPA3 when transmitting
sensitive company data over Wi-Fi.
Question: 88
SCENARIO
Looking back at your first two years as the Director of Personal Information Protection and
Compliance for the Berry Country Regional Medical Center in Thorn Bay, Ontario, Canada, you see a
parade of accomplishments, from developing state-of-the-art simulation based training for
employees on privacy protection to establishing an interactive medical records system that is
accessible by patients as well as by the medical personnel. Now, however, a question you have put
off looms large: how do we manage all the data-not only records produced recently, but those still
on
hand from years ago? A data flow diagram generated last year shows multiple servers, databases,
and work stations, many of which hold files that have not yet been incorporated into the new
records
system. While most of this data is encrypted, its persistence may pose security and compliance
concerns. The situation is further complicated by several long-term studies being conducted by the
medical staff using patient information. Having recently reviewed the major Canadian privacy
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regulations, you want to make certain that the medical center is observing them.
You also recall a recent visit to the Records Storage Section, often termed “The Dungeon” in the
basement of the old hospital next to the modern facility, where you noticed a multitude of paper
records. Some of these were in crates marked by years, medical condition or alphabetically by
patient name, while others were in undifferentiated bundles on shelves and on the floor. The back
shelves of the section housed data tapes and old hard drives that were often unlabeled but
appeared
to be years old. On your way out of the dungeon, you noticed just ahead of you a small man in a lab
coat who you did not recognize. He carried a batch of folders under his arm, apparently records he
had removed from storage.
Which regulation most likely applies to the data stored by Berry Country Regional Medical Center?
A. Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act
B. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
C. The Health Records Act 2001
D. The European Union Directive 95/46/EC
Answer: A
Explanation:
Berry Country Regional Medical Center is located in Ontario, Canada. PIPEDA is a Canadian federal
law that sets out rules for how private sector organizations must handle personal information in the
course of commercial activities. Since Berry Country Regional Medical Center is a private sector
organization that handles personal information in the course of its commercial activities, it would be
subject to PIPEDA.
Question: 89
SCENARIO
Looking back at your first two years as the Director of Personal Information Protection and
Compliance for the Berry Country Regional Medical Center in Thorn Bay, Ontario, Canada, you see a
parade of accomplishments, from developing state-of-the-art simulation based training for
employees on privacy protection to establishing an interactive medical records system that is
accessible by patients as well as by the medical personnel. Now, however, a question you have put
off looms large: how do we manage all the data-not only records produced recently, but those still
on
hand from years ago? A data flow diagram generated last year shows multiple servers, databases,
and work stations, many of which hold files that have not yet been incorporated into the new
records
system. While most of this data is encrypted, its persistence may pose security and compliance
concerns. The situation is further complicated by several long-term studies being conducted by the
medical staff using patient information. Having recently reviewed the major Canadian privacy
regulations, you want to make certain that the medical center is observing them.
You also recall a recent visit to the Records Storage Section, often termed “The Dungeon” in the
basement of the old hospital next to the modern facility, where you noticed a multitude of paper
records. Some of these were in crates marked by years, medical condition or alphabetically by
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patient name, while others were in undifferentiated bundles on shelves and on the floor. The back
shelves of the section housed data tapes and old hard drives that were often unlabeled but
appeared
to be years old. On your way out of the dungeon, you noticed just ahead of you a small man in a lab
coat who you did not recognize. He carried a batch of folders under his arm, apparently records he
had removed from storage.
Which data lifecycle phase needs the most attention at this Ontario medical center?
A. Retention
B. Disclosure
C. Collection
D. Use
Answer: A
Explanation:
Question: 90
SCENARIO
Looking back at your first two years as the Director of Personal Information Protection and
Compliance for the Berry Country Regional Medical Center in Thorn Bay, Ontario, Canada, you see a
parade of accomplishments, from developing state-of-the-art simulation based training for
employees on privacy protection to establishing an interactive medical records system that is
accessible by patients as well as by the medical personnel. Now, however, a question you have put
off looms large: how do we manage all the data-not only records produced recently, but those still
on
hand from years ago? A data flow diagram generated last year shows multiple servers, databases,
and work stations, many of which hold files that have not yet been incorporated into the new
records
system. While most of this data is encrypted, its persistence may pose security and compliance
concerns. The situation is further complicated by several long-term studies being conducted by the
medical staff using patient information. Having recently reviewed the major Canadian privacy
regulations, you want to make certain that the medical center is observing them.
You also recall a recent visit to the Records Storage Section, often termed “The Dungeon” in the
basement of the old hospital next to the modern facility, where you noticed a multitude of paper
records. Some of these were in crates marked by years, medical condition or alphabetically by
patient name, while others were in undifferentiated bundles on shelves and on the floor. The back
shelves of the section housed data tapes and old hard drives that were often unlabeled but
appeared
to be years old. On your way out of the dungeon, you noticed just ahead of you a small man in a lab
coat who you did not recognize. He carried a batch of folders under his arm, apparently records he
had removed from storage.
Which cryptographic standard would be most appropriate for protecting patient credit card
information in the records system?
A. Asymmetric Encryption
B. Symmetric Encryption
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C. Obfuscation
D. Hashing
Answer: B
Explanation:
To protect patient credit card information in the records system at Berry Country Regional Medical
Center, an appropriate cryptographic standard to use would be option B: Symmetric Encryption.
Symmetric encryption uses a single secret key to encrypt and decrypt data. It is a fast and efficient
method of encryption that can provide strong protection for sensitive data such as credit card
information when implemented correctly.
Question: 91
Users of a web-based email service have their accounts breached through compromised login
credentials. Which possible consequences of the breach illustrate the two categories of Calo’s Harm
Dimensions?
A. Financial loss and blackmail.
B. Financial loss and solicitation.
C. Identity theft and embarrassment.
D. Identity theft and the leaking of information.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Question: 92
Implementation of privacy controls for compliance with the requirements of the Children’s Online
Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) is necessary for all the following situations EXCEPT?
A. A virtual jigsaw puzzle game marketed for ages 5-9 displays pieces of the puzzle on a handheld
screen. Once the child completes a certain level, it flashes a message about new themes released
that day.
B. An interactive toy copies a child’s behavior through gestures and kid-friendly sounds. It runs on
battery power and automatically connects to a base station at home to charge itself.
C. A math tutoring service commissioned an advertisement on a bulletin board inside a charter
school. The service makes it simple to reach out to tutors through a QR-code shaped like a cartoon
character.
D. A note-taking application converts hard copies of kids’ class notes into audio books in seconds. It
does so by using the processing power of idle server farms.
Answer: A
Explanation:
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Question: 93
Which of the following does NOT illustrate the ‘respect to user privacy’ principle?
A. Implementing privacy elements within the user interface that facilitate the use of technology by
any visually-challenged users.
B. Enabling Data Subject Access Request (DSARs) that provide rights for correction, deletion,
amendment and rectification of personal information.
C. Developing a consent management self-service portal that enables the data subjects to review the
details of consent provided to an organization.
D. Filing breach notification paperwork with data protection authorities which detail the impact to
data subjects.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Question: 94
Value Sensitive Design (VSD) focuses on which of the following?
A. Quality and benefit.
B. Ethics and morality.
C. Principles and standards.
D. Privacy and human rights.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Question: 95
SCENARIO
Looking back at your first two years as the Director of Personal Information Protection and
Compliance for the St. Anne’s Regional Medical Center in Thorn Bay, Ontario, Canada, you see a
parade of accomplishments, from developing state-of-the-art simulation based training for
employees on privacy protection to establishing an interactive medical records system that is
accessible by patients as well as by the medical personnel. Now, however, a question you have put
off looms large: how do we manage all the data-not only records produced recently, but those still
on-hand from years ago? A data flow diagram generated last year shows multiple servers, databases,
and work stations, many of which hold files that have not yet been incorporated into the new
records
system. While most of this data is encrypted, its persistence may pose security and compliance
concerns. The situation is further complicated by several long-term studies being conducted by the
medical staff using patient information. Having recently reviewed the major Canadian privacy
regulations, you want to make certain that the medical center is observing them.
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You recall a recent visit to the Records Storage Section in the basement of the old hospital next to
the
modern facility, where you noticed paper records sitting in crates labeled by years, medical condition
or alphabetically by patient name, while others were in undifferentiated bundles on shelves and on
the floor. On the back shelves of the section sat data tapes and old hard drives that were often
unlabeled but appeared to be years old. On your way out of the records storage section, you noticed
a man leaving whom you did not recognize. He carried a batch of folders under his arm, apparently
records he had removed from storage.
You quickly realize that you need a plan of action on the maintenance, secure storage and disposal
of
data.
Which cryptographic standard would be most appropriate for protecting patient credit card
information in the records system at St. Anne’s Regional Medical Center?
A. Symmetric Encryption
B. Tokenization
C. Obfuscation
D. Certificates
Answer: B
Explanation:
Question: 96
A privacy engineer has been asked to review an online account login page. He finds there is no
limitation on the number of invalid login attempts a user can make when logging into their online
account.
What would be the best recommendation to minimize the potential privacy risk from this weakness?
A. Implement a CAPTCHA system.
B. Develop server-side input validation checks.
C. Enforce strong password and account credentials.
D. Implement strong Transport Layer Security (TLS) to ensure an encrypted link.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Question: 97
Which of these actions is NOT generally part of the responsibility of an IT or software engineer?
A. Providing feedback on privacy policies.
B. Implementing multi-factor authentication.
C. Certifying compliance with security and privacy law.
D. Building privacy controls into the organization’s IT systems or software.
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Answer: A
Explanation:
Question: 98
Which of the following are the mandatory pieces of information to be included in the
documentation
of records of processing activities for an organization that processes personal data on behalf of
another organization?
A. Copies of the consent forms from each data subject.
B. Time limits for erasure of different categories of data.
C. Contact details of the processor and Data Protection Offer (DPO).
D. Descriptions of the processing activities and relevant data subjects.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Question: 99
After downloading and loading a mobile app, the user is presented with an account registration page
requesting the user to provide certain personal details. Two statements are also displayed on the
same page along with a box for the user to check to indicate their confirmation:
Statement 1 reads: “Please check this box to confirm you have read and accept the terms and
conditions of the end user license agreement” and includes a hyperlink to the terms and conditions.
Statement 2 reads: “Please check this box to confirm you have read and understood the privacy
notice” and includes a hyperlink to the privacy notice.
Under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), what lawful basis would you primarily except
the privacy notice to refer to?
A. Consent.
B. Vital interests.
C. Legal obligation.
D. Legitimate interests.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Question: 100
Which of the following is the best method to minimize tracking through the use of cookies?
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A. Use ‘private browsing’ mode and delete checked files, clear cookies and cache once a day.
B. Install a commercially available third-party application on top of the browser that is already
installed.
C. Install and use a web browser that is advertised as ‘built specifically to safeguard user privacy’.
D. Manage settings in the browser to limit the use of cookies and remove them once the session
completes.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Question: 101
Which of the following is NOT relevant to a user exercising their data portability rights?
A. Notice and consent for the downloading of data.
B. Detection of phishing attacks against the portability interface.
C. Re-authentication of an account, including two-factor authentication as appropriate.
D. Validation of users with unauthenticated identifiers (e.g. IP address, physical address).
Answer: D
Explanation:
Question: 102
In order to prevent others from identifying an individual within a data set, privacy engineers use a
cryptographically-secure hashing algorithm. Use of hashes in this way illustrates the privacy tactic
known as what?
A. Isolation.
B. Obfuscation.
C. Perturbation.
D. Stripping.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Question: 103
An organization based in California, USA is implementing a new online helpdesk solution for
recording customer call information. The organization considers the capture of personal data on the
online helpdesk solution to be in the interest of the company in best servicing customer calls.
Before implementation, a privacy technologist should conduct which of the following?
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A. A Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) and consultation with the appropriate regulator to
ensure legal compliance.
B. A privacy risk and impact assessment to evaluate potential risks from the proposed processing
operations.
C. A Legitimate Interest Assessment (LIA) to ensure that the processing is proportionate and does
not
override the privacy, rights and freedoms of the customers.
D. A security assessment of the help desk solution and provider to assess if the technology was
developed with a security by design approach.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Question: 104
Which technique is most likely to facilitate the deletion of every instance of data associated with a
deleted user account from every data store held by an organization?
A. Auditing the code which deletes user accounts.
B. Building a standardized and documented retention program for user data deletion.
C. Monitoring each data store for presence of data associated with the deleted user account.
D. Training engineering teams on the importance of deleting user accounts their associated data
from all data stores when requested.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Question: 105
Which of the following CANNOT be effectively determined during a code audit?
A. Whether access control logic is recommended in all cases.
B. Whether data is being incorrectly shared with a third-party.
C. Whether consent is durably recorded in the case of a server crash.
D. Whether the differential privacy implementation correctly anonymizes data.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Question: 106
An EU marketing company is planning to make use of personal data captured to make automated
decisions based on profiling. In some cases, processing and automated decisions may have a legal
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effect on individuals, such as credit worthiness.
When evaluating the implementation of systems making automated decisions, in which situation
would the company have to accommodate an individual’s right NOT to be subject to such processing
to ensure compliance under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)?
A. When an individual’s legal status or rights are not affected by the decision.
B. When there is no human intervention or influence in the decision-making process.
C. When the individual has given explicit consent to such processing and suitable safeguards exist.
D. When the decision is necessary for entering into a contract and the individual can contest the
decision.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Question: 107
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer next question:
EnsureClaim is developing a mobile app platform for managing data used for assessing car accident
insurance claims. Individuals use the app to take pictures at the crash site, eliminating the need for a
built-in vehicle camer
a. EnsureClaim uses a third-party hosting provider to store data collected by the app. EnsureClaim
customer service employees also receive and review app data before sharing with insurance claim
adjusters.
The app collects the following information:
First and last name
Date of birth (DOB)
Mailing address
Email address
Car VIN number
Car model
License plate
Insurance card number
Photo
Vehicle diagnostics
Geolocation
The app is designed to collect and transmit geolocation data. How can data collection best be limited
to the necessary minimum?
A. Allow user to opt-out geolocation data collection at any time.
B. Allow access and sharing of geolocation data only after an accident occurs.
C. Present a clear and explicit explanation about need for the geolocation data.
D. Obtain consent and capture geolocation data at all times after consent is received.
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Answer: C
Explanation:
By providing users with a clear and explicit explanation about why geolocation data is needed and
how it will be used, the app can help ensure that only the minimum amount of data necessary is
collected. This can also help build trust with users and increase transparency.
Question: 108
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer next question:
EnsureClaim is developing a mobile app platform for managing data used for assessing car accident
insurance claims. Individuals use the app to take pictures at the crash site, eliminating the need for a
built-in vehicle camer
a. EnsureClaim uses a third-party hosting provider to store data collected by the app. EnsureClaim
customer service employees also receive and review app data before sharing with insurance claim
adjusters.
The app collects the following information:
First and last name
Date of birth (DOB)
Mailing address
Email address
Car VIN number
Car model
License plate
Insurance card number
Photo
Vehicle diagnostics
Geolocation
All of the following technical measures can be implemented by EnsureClaim to protect personal
information that is accessible by third-parties EXCEPT?
A. Encryption.
B. Access Controls.
C. De-identification.
D. Multi-factor authentication.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Question: 109
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer next question:
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EnsureClaim is developing a mobile app platform for managing data used for assessing car accident
insurance claims. Individuals use the app to take pictures at the crash site, eliminating the need for a
built-in vehicle camer
a. EnsureClaim uses a third-party hosting provider to store data collected by the app. EnsureClaim
customer service employees also receive and review app data before sharing with insurance claim
adjusters.
The app collects the following information:
First and last name
Date of birth (DOB)
Mailing address
Email address
Car VIN number
Car model
License plate
Insurance card number
Photo
Vehicle diagnostics
Geolocation
What IT architecture would be most appropriate for this mobile platform?
A. Peer-to-peer architecture.
B. Client-server architecture.
C. Plug-in-based architecture.
D. Service-oriented architecture.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Question: 110
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer next question:
EnsureClaim is developing a mobile app platform for managing data used for assessing car accident
insurance claims. Individuals use the app to take pictures at the crash site, eliminating the need for a
built-in vehicle camer
a. EnsureClaim uses a third-party hosting provider to store data collected by the app. EnsureClaim
customer service employees also receive and review app data before sharing with insurance claim
adjusters.
The app collects the following information:
First and last name
Date of birth (DOB)
Mailing address
Email address
Car VIN number
Car model
License plate
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Insurance card number
Photo
Vehicle diagnostics
Geolocation
What would be the best way to supervise the third-party systems the EnsureClaim App will share
data with?
A. Review the privacy notices for each third-party that the app will share personal data with to
determine adequate privacy and data protection controls are in place.
B. Conduct a security and privacy review before onboarding new vendors that collect personal data
from the app.
C. Anonymize all personal data collected by the app before sharing any data with third-parties.
D. Develop policies and procedures that outline how data is shared with third-party apps.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Conducting a security and privacy review before onboarding new vendors can help EnsureClaim
assess whether these vendors have appropriate measures in place to protect personal data. This can
include reviewing their privacy policies and practices as well as their technical security controls.
Question: 111
What is the main privacy threat posed by Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)?
A. An individual with an RFID receiver can track people or consumer products.
B. An individual can scramble computer transmissions in weapons systems.
C. An individual can use an RFID receiver to engage in video surveillance.
D. An individual can tap mobile phone communications.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Question: 112
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next question:
Chuck, a compliance auditor for a consulting firm focusing on healthcare clients, was required to
travel to the client’s office to perform an onsite review of the client’s operations. He rented a car
from Finley Motors upon arrival at the airport as so he could commute to and from the client’s
office.
The car rental agreement was electronically signed by Chuck and included his name, address,
driver’s
license, make/model of the car, billing rate, and additional details describing the rental transaction.
On the second night, Chuck was caught by a red light camera not stopping at an intersection on his
way to dinner. Chuck returned the car back to the car rental agency at the end week without
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mentioning the infraction and Finley Motors emailed a copy of the final receipt to the address on
file.
Local law enforcement later reviewed the red light camera footage. As Finley Motors is the
registered
owner of the car, a notice was sent to them indicating the infraction and fine incurred. This notice
included the license plate number, occurrence date and time, a photograph of the driver, and a web
portal link to a video clip of the violation for further review. Finley Motors, however, was not
responsible for the violation as they were not driving the car at the time and transferred the incident
to AMP Payment Resources for further review. AMP Payment Resources identified Chuck as the
driver based on the rental agreement he signed when picking up the car and then contacted Chuck
directly through a written letter regarding the infraction to collect the fine.
After reviewing the incident through the AMP Payment Resources’ web portal, Chuck paid the fine
using his personal credit card. Two weeks later, Finley Motors sent Chuck an email promotion
offering 10% off a future rental.
What should Finley Motors have done to incorporate the transparency principle of Privacy by Design
(PbD)?
A. Signed a data sharing agreement with AMP Payment Resources.
B. Documented that Finley Motors has a legitimate interest to share Chuck’s information.
C. Obtained verbal consent from Chuck and recorded it within internal systems.
D. Provided notice of data sharing practices within the electronically signed rental agreement.
Answer: D
Explanation:
By providing clear and concise notice of its data sharing practices within the rental agreement that
Chuck electronically signed, Finley Motors could have ensured that Chuck was informed about how
his personal information would be used and shared. This would have helped to increase
transparency
and build trust with Chuck.
Question: 113
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next question:
Chuck, a compliance auditor for a consulting firm focusing on healthcare clients, was required to
travel to the client’s office to perform an onsite review of the client’s operations. He rented a car
from Finley Motors upon arrival at the airport as so he could commute to and from the client’s
office.
The car rental agreement was electronically signed by Chuck and included his name, address,
driver’s
license, make/model of the car, billing rate, and additional details describing the rental transaction.
On the second night, Chuck was caught by a red light camera not stopping at an intersection on his
way to dinner. Chuck returned the car back to the car rental agency at the end week without
mentioning the infraction and Finley Motors emailed a copy of the final receipt to the address on
file.
Local law enforcement later reviewed the red light camera footage. As Finley Motors is the
registered
owner of the car, a notice was sent to them indicating the infraction and fine incurred. This notice
included the license plate number, occurrence date and time, a photograph of the driver, and a web
portal link to a video clip of the violation for further review. Finley Motors, however, was not
responsible for the violation as they were not driving the car at the time and transferred the incident
to AMP Payment Resources for further review. AMP Payment Resources identified Chuck as the
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driver based on the rental agreement he signed when picking up the car and then contacted Chuck
directly through a written letter regarding the infraction to collect the fine.
After reviewing the incident through the AMP Payment Resources’ web portal, Chuck paid the fine
using his personal credit card. Two weeks later, Finley Motors sent Chuck an email promotion
offering 10% off a future rental.
What is the most secure method Finley Motors should use to transmit Chuck’s information to AMP
Payment Resources?
A. Cloud file transfer services.
B. Certificate Authority (CA).
C. HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
D. Transport Layer Security (TLS).
Answer: D
Explanation:
TLS is a cryptographic protocol that provides secure communication over a network. It can help
protect against eavesdropping and tampering by encrypting data in transit. Cloud file transfer
services (option A) can also provide secure transmission of data but their security depends on the
specific service used. Certificate Authority (CA) (option B) is not a method for transmitting data but
rather a trusted third party that issues digital certificates used for authentication. HyperText Transfer
Protocol (HTTP) (option C) is not a secure method for transmitting sensitive data as it does not
provide encryption.
Question: 114
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next question:
Chuck, a compliance auditor for a consulting firm focusing on healthcare clients, was required to
travel to the client’s office to perform an onsite review of the client’s operations. He rented a car
from Finley Motors upon arrival at the airport as so he could commute to and from the client’s
office.
The car rental agreement was electronically signed by Chuck and included his name, address,
driver’s
license, make/model of the car, billing rate, and additional details describing the rental transaction.
On the second night, Chuck was caught by a red light camera not stopping at an intersection on his
way to dinner. Chuck returned the car back to the car rental agency at the end week without
mentioning the infraction and Finley Motors emailed a copy of the final receipt to the address on
file.
Local law enforcement later reviewed the red light camera footage. As Finley Motors is the
registered
owner of the car, a notice was sent to them indicating the infraction and fine incurred. This notice
included the license plate number, occurrence date and time, a photograph of the driver, and a web
portal link to a video clip of the violation for further review. Finley Motors, however, was not
responsible for the violation as they were not driving the car at the time and transferred the incident
to AMP Payment Resources for further review. AMP Payment Resources identified Chuck as the
driver based on the rental agreement he signed when picking up the car and then contacted Chuck
directly through a written letter regarding the infraction to collect the fine.
After reviewing the incident through the AMP Payment Resources’ web portal, Chuck paid the fine
using his personal credit card. Two weeks later, Finley Motors sent Chuck an email promotion
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offering 10% off a future rental.
How can Finley Motors reduce the risk associated with transferring Chuck’s personal information to
AMP Payment Resources?
A. By providing only the minimum necessary data to process the violation notice and masking all
other information prior to transfer.
B. By requesting AMP Payment Resources delete unnecessary datasets and only utilize what is
necessary to process the violation notice.
C. By obfuscating the minimum necessary data to process the violation notice and require AMP
Payment Resources to secure store the personal information.
D. By transferring all information to separate datafiles and requiring AMP Payment Resources to
combine the datasets during processing of the violation notice.
Answer: A
Explanation:
To reduce the risk associated with transferring Chuck’s personal information to AMP Payment
Resources, Finley Motors could take several steps. One such step would be option A: By providing
only the minimum necessary data to process the violation notice and masking all other information
prior
to
transfer.
By providing only the minimum necessary data to process the violation notice and masking all other
information prior to transfer, Finley Motors can help reduce the risk associated with transferring
Chuck’s personal information. This can help ensure that only necessary data is shared and that any
unnecessary or sensitive data is protected.
Question: 115
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next question:
Chuck, a compliance auditor for a consulting firm focusing on healthcare clients, was required to
travel to the client’s office to perform an onsite review of the client’s operations. He rented a car
from Finley Motors upon arrival at the airport as so he could commute to and from the client’s
office.
The car rental agreement was electronically signed by Chuck and included his name, address,
driver’s
license, make/model of the car, billing rate, and additional details describing the rental transaction.
On the second night, Chuck was caught by a red light camera not stopping at an intersection on his
way to dinner. Chuck returned the car back to the car rental agency at the end week without
mentioning the infraction and Finley Motors emailed a copy of the final receipt to the address on
file.
Local law enforcement later reviewed the red light camera footage. As Finley Motors is the
registered
owner of the car, a notice was sent to them indicating the infraction and fine incurred. This notice
included the license plate number, occurrence date and time, a photograph of the driver, and a web
portal link to a video clip of the violation for further review. Finley Motors, however, was not
responsible for the violation as they were not driving the car at the time and transferred the incident
to AMP Payment Resources for further review. AMP Payment Resources identified Chuck as the
driver based on the rental agreement he signed when picking up the car and then contacted Chuck
directly through a written letter regarding the infraction to collect the fine.
After reviewing the incident through the AMP Payment Resources’ web portal, Chuck paid the fine
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using his personal credit card. Two weeks later, Finley Motors sent Chuck an email promotion
offering 10% off a future rental.
What is the strongest method for authenticating Chuck’s identity prior to allowing access to his
violation information through the AMP Payment Resources web portal?
A. By requiring Chuck use the last 4 digits of his driver’s license number in combination with a unique
PIN provided within the violation notice.
B. By requiring Chuck use his credit card number in combination with the last 4 digits of his driver’s
license.
C. By requiring Chuck use the rental agreement number in combination with his email address.
D. By requiring Chuck to call AMP Payment Resources directly and provide his date of birth and
home
address.
Answer: A
Explanation:
The strongest method for authenticating Chuck’s identity prior to allowing access to his violation
information through the AMP Payment Resources web portal would be option A: By requiring Chuck
use the last 4 digits of his driver’s license number in combination with a unique PIN provided within
the violation notice.
Question: 116
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between privacy and security?
A. Security systems can be used to enforce compliance with privacy policies.
B. Privacy and security are independent; organizations must decide which should by emphasized.
C. Privacy restricts access to personal information; security regulates how information should be
used.
D. Privacy protects data from being viewed during collection and security governs how collected
data
should be shared.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Question: 117
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next question:
Jordan just joined a fitness-tracker start-up based in California, USA, as its first Information Privacy
and Security Officer. The company is quickly growing its business but does not sell any of the fitness
trackers itself. Instead, it relies on a distribution network of third-party retailers in all major
countries. Despite not having any stores, the company has a 78% market share in the EU. It has a
website presenting the company and products, and a member section where customers can access
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their information. Only the email address and physical address need to be provided as part of the
registration process in order to customize the site to the user’s region and country. There is also a
newsletter sent every month to all members featuring fitness tips, nutrition advice, product
spotlights from partner companies based on user behavior and preferences.
Jordan says the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) does not apply to the company. He says
the company is not established in the EU, nor does it have a processor in the region. Furthermore, it
does not do any “offering goods or services” in the EU since it does not do any marketing there, nor
sell to consumers directly. Jordan argues that it is the customers who chose to buy the products on
their own initiative and there is no “offering” from the company.
The fitness trackers incorporate advanced features such as sleep tracking, GPS tracking, heart rate
monitoring. wireless syncing, calorie-counting and step-tracking. The watch must be paired with
either a smartphone or a computer in order to collect data on sleep levels, heart rates, etc. All
information from the device must be sent to the company’s servers in order to be processed, and
then the results are sent to the smartphone or computer. Jordan argues that there is no personal
information involved since the company does not collect banking or social security information.
Why is Jordan’s claim that the company does not collect personal information as identified by the
GDPR inaccurate?
A. The potential customers must browse for products online.
B. The fitness trackers capture sleep and heart rate data to monitor an individual’s behavior.
C. The website collects the customers’ and users’ region and country information.
D. The customers must pair their fitness trackers to either smartphones or computers.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Sleep and heart rate data collected by the fitness trackers can be considered personal information
under the GDPR because it relates to an identified or identifiable natural person. This means that
even if the company does not collect other types of personal information such as name or address, it
is still collecting personal information as defined by the GDPR.
Question: 118
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next question:
Jordan just joined a fitness-tracker start-up based in California, USA, as its first Information Privacy
and Security Officer. The company is quickly growing its business but does not sell any of the fitness
trackers itself. Instead, it relies on a distribution network of third-party retailers in all major
countries. Despite not having any stores, the company has a 78% market share in the EU. It has a
website presenting the company and products, and a member section where customers can access
their information. Only the email address and physical address need to be provided as part of the
registration process in order to customize the site to the user’s region and country. There is also a
newsletter sent every month to all members featuring fitness tips, nutrition advice, product
spotlights from partner companies based on user behavior and preferences.
Jordan says the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) does not apply to the company. He says
the company is not established in the EU, nor does it have a processor in the region. Furthermore, it
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does not do any “offering goods or services” in the EU since it does not do any marketing there, nor
sell to consumers directly. Jordan argues that it is the customers who chose to buy the products on
their own initiative and there is no “offering” from the company.
The fitness trackers incorporate advanced features such as sleep tracking, GPS tracking, heart rate
monitoring. wireless syncing, calorie-counting and step-tracking. The watch must be paired with
either a smartphone or a computer in order to collect data on sleep levels, heart rates, etc. All
information from the device must be sent to the company’s servers in order to be processed, and
then the results are sent to the smartphone or computer. Jordan argues that there is no personal
information involved since the company does not collect banking or social security information.
Based on the current features of the fitness watch, what would you recommend be implemented
into each device in order to most effectively ensure privacy?
A. Hashing.
B. A2DP Bluetooth profile.
C. Persistent unique identifier.
D. Randomized MAC address.
Answer: D
Explanation:
To most effectively ensure privacy in the fitness watch described in the scenario provided in the
exhibit you shared, one feature that could be implemented into each device would be option D:
Randomized MAC address.
Question: 119
Which of the following statements is true regarding software notifications and agreements?
A. Website visitors must view the site’s privacy statement before downloading software.
B. Software agreements are designed to be brief, while notifications provide more details.
C. It is a good practice to provide users with information about privacy prior to software installation.
D. “Just in time” software agreement notifications provide users with a final opportunity to modify
the agreement.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Question: 120
What is typically NOT performed by sophisticated Access Management (AM) techniques?
A. Restricting access to data based on location.
B. Restricting access to data based on user role.
C. Preventing certain types of devices from accessing data.
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D. Preventing data from being placed in unprotected storage.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Question: 121
Properly configured databases and well-written website codes are the best protection against what
online threat?
A. Pharming.
B. SQL injection.
C. Malware execution.
D. System modification.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Question: 122
A privacy engineer reviews a newly developed on-line registration page on a company’s website. The
purpose of the page is to enable corporate customers to submit a returns / refund request for
physical goods. The page displays the following data capture fields: company name, account
reference, company address, contact name, email address, contact phone number, product name,
quantity, issue description and company bank account details.
After her review, the privacy engineer recommends setting certain capture fields as “non
mandatory”. Setting which of the following fields as “non-mandatory” would be the best example of
the principle of data minimization?
A. The contact phone number field.
B. The company address and name.
C. The contact name and email address.
D. The company bank account detail field.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Question: 123
What Privacy by Design (PbD) element should include a de-identification or deletion plan?
A. Categorization.
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B. Remediation.
C. Retention.
D. Security
Answer: C
Explanation:
Question: 124
Which of the following would be the best method of ensuring that Information Technology projects
follow Privacy by Design (PbD) principles?
A. Develop a technical privacy framework that integrates with the development lifecycle.
B. Utilize Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETs) as a part of product risk assessment and
management.
C. Identify the privacy requirements as a part of the Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) process during
development and evaluation stages.
D. Develop training programs that aid the developers in understanding how to turn privacy
requirements into actionable code and design level specifications.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Question: 125
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next question:
Light Blue Health (LBH) is a healthcare technology company developing a new web and mobile
application that collects personal health information from electronic patient health records. The
application will use machine learning to recommend potential medical treatments and medications
based on information collected from anonymized electronic health records. Patient users may also
share health data collected from other mobile apps with the LBH app.
The application requires consent from the patient before importing electronic health records into
the
application and sharing it with their authorized physicians or healthcare provider. The patient can
then review and share the recommended treatments with their physicians securely through the app.
The patient user may also share location data and upload photos in the app. The patient user may
also share location data and upload photos in the app for a healthcare provider to review along with
the health record. The patient may also delegate access to the app.
LBH’s privacy team meets with the Application development and Security teams, as well as key
business stakeholders on a periodic basis. LBH also implements Privacy by Design (PbD) into the
application development process.
The Privacy Team is conducting a Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) to evaluate privacy risks during
development of the application. The team must assess whether the application is collecting
descriptive, demographic or any other user related data from the electronic health records that are
not needed for the purposes of the application. The team is also reviewing whether the application
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may collect additional personal data for purposes for which the user did not provide consent.
What is the best way to ensure that the application only collects personal data that is needed to
fulfill
its primary purpose of providing potential medical and healthcare recommendations?
A. Obtain consent before using personal health information for data analytics purposes.
B. Provide the user with an option to select which personal data the application may collect.
C. Disclose what personal data the application the collecting in the company Privacy Policy posted
online.
D. Document each personal category collected by the app and ensure it maps to an app function or
feature.
Answer: D
Explanation:
By documenting each personal data category collected by the app and ensuring that it maps to an
app function or feature, Light Blue Health can help ensure that only necessary data is collected. This
can help prevent over-collection of personal data and increase transparency about how user data is
used.
Question: 126
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next question:
Light Blue Health (LBH) is a healthcare technology company developing a new web and mobile
application that collects personal health information from electronic patient health records. The
application will use machine learning to recommend potential medical treatments and medications
based on information collected from anonymized electronic health records. Patient users may also
share health data collected from other mobile apps with the LBH app.
The application requires consent from the patient before importing electronic health records into
the
application and sharing it with their authorized physicians or healthcare provider. The patient can
then review and share the recommended treatments with their physicians securely through the app.
The patient user may also share location data and upload photos in the app. The patient user may
also share location data and upload photos in the app for a healthcare provider to review along with
the health record. The patient may also delegate access to the app.
LBH’s privacy team meets with the Application development and Security teams, as well as key
business stakeholders on a periodic basis. LBH also implements Privacy by Design (PbD) into the
application development process.
The Privacy Team is conducting a Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) to evaluate privacy risks during
development of the application. The team must assess whether the application is collecting
descriptive, demographic or any other user related data from the electronic health records that are
not needed for the purposes of the application. The team is also reviewing whether the application
may collect additional personal data for purposes for which the user did not provide consent.
The Privacy Team is conducting a Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) for the new Light Blue Health
application currently in development. Which of the following best describes a risk that is likely to
result in a privacy breach?
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A. Limiting access to the app to authorized personnel.
B. Including non-transparent policies, terms and conditions in the app.
C. Insufficiently deleting personal data after an account reaches its retention period.
D. Not encrypting the health record when it is transferred to the Light Blue Health servers.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Not encrypting health records when they are transferred to Light Blue Health servers can leave
sensitive personal information vulnerable to interception and unauthorized access. This could result
in a privacy breach if an attacker were able to access this unencrypted data.
Question: 127
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next question:
Light Blue Health (LBH) is a healthcare technology company developing a new web and mobile
application that collects personal health information from electronic patient health records. The
application will use machine learning to recommend potential medical treatments and medications
based on information collected from anonymized electronic health records. Patient users may also
share health data collected from other mobile apps with the LBH app.
The application requires consent from the patient before importing electronic health records into
the
application and sharing it with their authorized physicians or healthcare provider. The patient can
then review and share the recommended treatments with their physicians securely through the app.
The patient user may also share location data and upload photos in the app. The patient user may
also share location data and upload photos in the app for a healthcare provider to review along with
the health record. The patient may also delegate access to the app.
LBH’s privacy team meets with the Application development and Security teams, as well as key
business stakeholders on a periodic basis. LBH also implements Privacy by Design (PbD) into the
application development process.
The Privacy Team is conducting a Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) to evaluate privacy risks during
development of the application. The team must assess whether the application is collecting
descriptive, demographic or any other user related data from the electronic health records that are
not needed for the purposes of the application. The team is also reviewing whether the application
may collect additional personal data for purposes for which the user did not provide consent.
Regarding the app, which action is an example of a decisional interference violation?
A. The app asks income level to determine the treatment of care.
B. The app sells aggregated data to an advertising company without prior consent.
C. The app has a pop-up ad requesting sign-up for a pharmaceutical company newsletter.
D. The app asks questions during account set-up to disclose family medical history that is not
necessary for the treatment of the individual’s symptoms.
Answer: A
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Explanation:
Asking for income level to determine treatment of care could be considered decisional interference
because it could influence or interfere with an individual’s ability to make decisions about their own
healthcare. This type of information may not be necessary for providing medical recommendations
and could potentially lead to discrimination or unequal treatment.
Question: 128
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next question:
Light Blue Health (LBH) is a healthcare technology company developing a new web and mobile
application that collects personal health information from electronic patient health records. The
application will use machine learning to recommend potential medical treatments and medications
based on information collected from anonymized electronic health records. Patient users may also
share health data collected from other mobile apps with the LBH app.
The application requires consent from the patient before importing electronic health records into
the
application and sharing it with their authorized physicians or healthcare provider. The patient can
then review and share the recommended treatments with their physicians securely through the app.
The patient user may also share location data and upload photos in the app. The patient user may
also share location data and upload photos in the app for a healthcare provider to review along with
the health record. The patient may also delegate access to the app.
LBH’s privacy team meets with the Application development and Security teams, as well as key
business stakeholders on a periodic basis. LBH also implements Privacy by Design (PbD) into the
application development process.
The Privacy Team is conducting a Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) to evaluate privacy risks during
development of the application. The team must assess whether the application is collecting
descriptive, demographic or any other user related data from the electronic health records that are
not needed for the purposes of the application. The team is also reviewing whether the application
may collect additional personal data for purposes for which the user did not provide consent.
What is the best way to minimize the risk of an exposure violation through the use of the app?
A. Prevent the downloading of photos stored in the app.
B. Dissociate the patient health data from the personal data.
C. Exclude the collection of personal information from the health record.
D. Create a policy to prevent combining data with external data sources.
Answer: B
Explanation:
By dissociating patient health data from personal data, Light Blue Health can help reduce the risk of
an exposure violation. This can help prevent sensitive health information from being linked to an
individual’s identity and reduce the potential harm that could result from a privacy breach.
Question: 129
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Not updating software for a system that processes human resources data with the latest security
patches may create what?
A. Authentication issues.
B. Privacy vulnerabilities.
C. Privacy threat vectors.
D. Reportable privacy violations.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Question: 130
When should code audits be concluded?
A. At code check-in time.
B. At engineering design time.
C. While code is being sent to production.
D. Before launch after all code for a feature is complete.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Question: 131
A company configures their information system to have the following capabilities:
Allow for selective disclosure of attributes to certain parties, but not to others.
Permit the sharing of attribute references instead of attribute values - such as “I am over 21” instead
of birthday date.
Allow for information to be altered or deleted as needed.
These capabilities help to achieve which privacy engineering objective?
A. Predictability.
B. Manageability.
C. Disassociability.
D. Integrity.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Question: 132
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Which of the following functionalities can meet some of the General Data Protection Regulation’s
(GDPR’s) Data Portability requirements for a social networking app designed for users in the EU?
A. Allow users to modify the data they provided the app.
B. Allow users to delete the content they provided the app.
C. Allow users to download the content they have provided the app.
D. Allow users to get a time-stamped list of what they have provided the app.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Question: 133
Which of the following is the least effective privacy preserving practice in the Systems Development
Life Cycle (SDLC)?
A. Conducting privacy threat modeling for the use-case.
B. Following secure and privacy coding standards in the development.
C. Developing data flow modeling to identify sources and destinations of sensitive data.
D. Reviewing the code against Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) Top 10 Security
Risks.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Question: 134
Between November 30th and December 2nd, 2013, cybercriminals successfully infected the credit
card payment systems and bypassed security controls of a United States-based retailer with malware
that exfiltrated 40 million credit card numbers. Six months prior, the retailer had malware detection
software installed to prevent against such an attack.
Which of the following would best explain why the retailer’s consumer data was still exfiltrated?
A. The detection software alerted the retailer’s security operations center per protocol, but the
information security personnel failed to act upon the alerts.
B. The U.S Department of Justice informed the retailer of the security breach on Dec. 12th, but the
retailer took three days to confirm the breach and eradicate the malware.
C. The IT systems and security measures utilized by the retailer’s third-party vendors were in
compliance with industry standards, but their credentials were stolen by black hat hackers who then
entered the retailer’s system.
D. The retailer’s network that transferred personal data and customer payments was separate from
the rest of the corporate network, but the malware code was disguised with the name of software
that is supposed to protect this information.
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Answer: B
Explanation:
Question: 135
When analyzing user data, how is differential privacy applied?
A. By injecting noise into aggregated datasets.
B. By assessing differences between datasets.
C. By applying asymmetric encryption to datasets.
D. By removing personal identifiers from datasets.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Question: 136
What privacy risk is NOT mitigated by the use of encrypted computation to target and serve online
ads?
A. The ad being served to the user may not be relevant.
B. The user’s sensitive personal information is used to display targeted ads.
C. The personal information used to target ads can be discerned by the server.
D. The user’s information can be leaked to an advertiser through weak de-identification techniques.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Question: 137
A company seeking to hire engineers in Silicon Valley ran an ad campaign targeting women in a
specific age range who live in the San Francisco Bay Area.
Which Calo objective privacy harm is likely to result from this campaign?
A. Lost opportunity.
B. Economic loss.
C. Loss of liberty.
D. Social detriment.
Answer: D
Explanation:
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Question: 138
Which of the following modes of interaction often target both people who personally know and are
strangers to the attacker?
A. Spam.
B. Phishing.
C. Unsolicited sexual imagery.
D. Consensually-shared sexual imagery.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Question: 139
What logs should an application server retain in order to prevent phishing attacks while minimizing
data retention?
A. Limited-retention, de-identified logs including only metadata.
B. Limited-retention, de-identified logs including the links clicked in messages as well as metadata.
C. Limited-retention logs including the identity of parties sending and receiving messages as well as
metadata.
D. Limited-retention logs including the links clicked in messages, the identity of parties sending and
receiving them, as well as metadata.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Question: 140
Which of the following would be the most appropriate solution for preventing privacy violations
related to information exposure through an error message?
A. Configuring the environment to use shorter error messages.
B. Handing exceptions internally and not displaying errors to the user.
C. Creating default error pages or error messages which do not include variable data.
D. Logging the session name and necessary parameters once the error occurs to enable trouble
shooting.
Answer: C
Explanation:
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Question: 141
In day to day interactions with technology, consumers are presented with privacy choices. Which of
the following best represents the Privacy by Design (PbD) methodology of letting the user choose a
non-zero-sum choice?
A. Using images, words, and contexts to elicit positive feelings that result in proactive behavior, thus
eliminating negativity and biases.
B. Providing plain-language design choices that elicit privacy-related responses, helping users avoid
errors and minimize the negative consequences of errors when they do occur.
C. Displaying the percentage of users that chose a particular option, thus enabling the user to choose
the most preferred option.
D. Using contexts, antecedent events, and other priming concepts to assist the user in making a
better privacy choice.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Question: 142
What risk is mitigated when routing video traffic through a company’s application servers, rather
than sending the video traffic directly from one user to another?
A. The user is protected against phishing attacks.
B. The user’s identity is protected from the other user.
C. The user’s approximate physical location is hidden from the other user.
D. The user is assured that stronger authentication methods have been used.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Question: 143
Organizations understand there are aggregation risks associated with the way the process their
customer’s dat
a. They typically include the details of this aggregation risk in a privacy notice and ask that all
customers acknowledge they understand these risks and consent to the processing.
What type of risk response does this notice and consent represent?
A. Risk transfer.
B. Risk mitigation.
C. Risk avoidance.
D. Risk acceptance.
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Answer: A
Explanation:
Question: 144
Which is likely to reduce the types of access controls needed within an organization?
A. Decentralization of data.
B. Regular data inventories.
C. Standardization of technology.
D. Increased number of remote employees.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Question: 145
What is an Access Control List?
A. A list of steps necessary for an individual to access a resource.
B. A list that indicates the type of permission granted to each individual.
C. A list showing the resources that an individual has permission to access.
D. A list of individuals who have had their access privileges to a resource revoked.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Question: 146
Which of the following is an example of drone “swarming”?
A. A drone filming a cyclist from above as he rides.
B. A drone flying over a building site to gather data.
C. Drones delivering retailers’ packages to private homes.
D. Drones communicating with each other to perform a search and rescue.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Question: 147
An individual drives to the grocery store for dinner. When she arrives at the store, she receives
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several unsolicited notifications on
her phone about discounts on items at the grocery store she is about to shop at. Which type of
privacy problem does the represent?
A. Intrusion.
B. Surveillance.
C. Decisional Interference.
D. Exposure.
Answer: B
Explanation:
The individual receives unsolicited notifications on her phone about discounts on items at the
grocery store she is about to shop at. This is an example of surveillance because the grocery store is
tracking the individual’s location and sending her unsolicited notifications.
Question: 148
What is the most effective first step to take to operationalize Privacy by Design principles in new
product development and projects?
A. Implementing a mandatory privacy review and legal approval process.
B. Obtain leadership buy-in for a mandatory privacy review and approval process.
C. Set up an online Privacy Impact Assessment tool to facilitate Privacy by Design compliance.
D. Conduct annual Privacy by Design training and refreshers for all impacted personnel.
Answer: B
Explanation:
This is the most effective first step to operationalize Privacy by Design principles in new product
development and projects. It is important to obtain leadership buy-in for a mandatory privacy
review
and approval process to ensure that privacy is a priority throughout the organization.
Question: 149
Which of the following is NOT a step in the methodology of a privacy risk framework?
A. Assessment.
B. Monitoring.
C. Response.
D. Ranking.
Answer: B
Explanation:
The steps in the methodology of a privacy risk framework are Assessment, Response, and Ranking.
Monitoring is not a step in the methodology of a privacy risk framework.
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Question: 150
Which of the following occurs when an individual takes a specific observable action to indicate and
confirm that they give permission for their information to be processed?
A. Express consent.
B. Implied consent.
C. Informed notice.
D. Authorized notice.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Express consent occurs when an individual takes a specific observable action to indicate and confirm
that they give permission for their information to be processed.
https://niccs.cisa.gov/education-training/catalog/international-association-privacy-professionals
iapp/certified-1
Question: 151
Which of the following would be an example of an "objective" privacy harm to an individual?
A. Receiving spam following the sale an of email address.
B. Negative feelings derived from government surveillance.
C. Social media profile views indicating unexpected interest in a person.
D. Inaccuracies in personal data.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Inaccuracies in personal data would be an example of an “objective” privacy harm to an individual.
This is because inaccuracies in personal data can lead to incorrect decisions being made about an
individual, which can have negative consequences for the individual.
Question: 152
Value sensitive design focuses on which of the following?
A. Quality and benefit.
B. Ethics and morality.
C. Confidentiality and integrity.
D. Consent and human rights.
Answer: B
Explanation:
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Value sensitive design (VSD) is a theoretically grounded approach to the design of technology that
accounts for human values in a principled and comprehensive manner1. It brings human values to
the forefront of the technical design process2.
Question: 153
Which of the following is most important to provide to the data subject before the collection phase
of the data lifecycle?
A. Privacy Notice.
B. Disclosure Policy.
C. Consent Request.
D. Data Protection Policy.
Answer: A
Explanation:
A Privacy Notice is important to provide to data subjects before collecting their personal data
because it informs them about how their data will be used, who it will be shared with, how long it
will be kept for, etc.
Question: 154
Which of the following is a stage in the data life cycle?
A. Data classification.
B. Data inventory.
C. Data masking.
D. Data retention.
Answer: D
Explanation:
The stages in a typical data lifecycle include creation/collection, processing, storage/retention,
usage/access/sharing/distribution, archival/preservation and destruction/deletion/disposition 3.
Among these options provided here only “Data retention” is a stage in this cycle.
Question: 155
An organization must terminate their cloud vendor agreement immediately. What is the most secure
way to delete the encrypted data stored in the cloud?
A. Transfer the data to another location.
B. Invoke the appropriate deletion clause in the cloud terms and conditions.
C. Obtain a destruction certificate from the cloud vendor.
D. Destroy all encryption keys associated with the data.
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Answer: D
Explanation:
Destroying all encryption keys associated with encrypted data stored on a cloud server would make
that encrypted data inaccessible even if it still exists on that server 4.
Question: 156
A BaaS provider backs up the corporate data and stores it in an outsider provider under contract
with
the organization. A researcher notifies the organization that he found unsecured data in the cloud.
The organization looked into the issue and realized $ne of its backups was misconfigured on the
outside provider's cloud and the data fully exposed to the open internet. They quickly secured the
backup. Which is the best next step the organization should take?
A. Review the content of the data exposed.
B. Review its contract with the outside provider.
C. Investigate how the researcher discovered the unsecured data.
D. Investigate using alternate BaaS providers or on-premise backup systems.
Answer: B
Explanation:
The best next step the organization should take is to review its contract with the outside provider.
This will help the organization to identify the responsibilities of the outside provider and the
organization in the event of a data breach.
Question: 157
When writing security policies, the most important consideration is to?
A. Require all employees to read and acknowledge their understanding.
B. Ensure they are based on the organization's risk profile.
C. Ensure they cover enough details for common situations.
D. Follow industry best practices.
Answer: B
Explanation:
the most important consideration when writing security policies is to ensure they are based on the
organization’s risk profile. This means that the policies should be tailored to address the specific risks
faced by the organization.
Question: 158
In terms of data extraction, which of the following should NOT be considered by a privacy
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technologist in relation to data portability?
A. The size of the data.
B. The format of the data.
C. The range of the data.
D. The medium of the data.
Answer: D
Explanation:
The medium of the data. Data portability refers to an individual’s right to receive their personal data
in a structured and commonly used format so that they can transfer it to another service provider.
The size (A), format (B), and range © of the data are all relevant considerations when extracting data
for portability purposes. However, the medium of the data is not relevant in this context.
Question: 159
Which activity should the privacy technologist undertake to reduce potential privacy risk when
evaluating options to process data in a country other than where it would be collected?
^
A. Review the Data Life Cycle.
B. Review data retention policies.
C. Create enterprise data flow diagrams.
D. Recommend controls for data transfers.
Answer: D
Explanation:
when evaluating options to process data in a country other than where it would be collected, a
privacy technologist should recommend controls for data transfers. This can help reduce potential
privacy risks associated with transferring data across borders.
Question: 160
Information classification helps an organization protect confidential and nonpublic information
primarily because?
A. It helps identify sensitive and critical information that require very strict safeguards.
B. It falls under the security principles of confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
C. It promotes employee accountability for safeguarding confidential information.
D. It is legally required under most regulations.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Information classification helps an organization protect confidential and nonpublic information
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primarily because it helps identify sensitive and critical information that require very strict
safeguards.
Question: 161
When designing a new system, which of the following is a privacy threat that the privacy
technologist
should consider?
A. Encryption.
B. Social distancing.
C. Social engineering.
D. Identity and Access Management.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Social engineering is a privacy threat that the privacy technologist should consider when designing a
new system.
Question: 162
Ivan is a nurse for a home healthcare service provider in the US. The company has implemented a
mobile application which Ivan uses to record a patient's vital statistics and access a patient's health
care records during home visits. During one visitj^van is unable to access the health care application
to record the patient's vitals. He instead records the information on his mobile phone's note-taking
application to enter the data in the health care application the next time it is accessible. What would
be the best course of action by the IT department to ensure the data is protected on his device?
A Provide all healthcare employees with mandatory annual security awareness training with a focus
on the health
information protection.
B. Complete a SWOT analysis exercise on the mobile application to identify what caused the
application to be
inaccessible and remediate any issues.
C. Adopt mobile platform standards to ensure that only mobile devices that support encryption
capabilities are used.
D. Implement Mobile Device Management (MDM) to enforce company security policies and
configuration settings.
Answer: D
Explanation:
the best course of action by the IT department to ensure the data is protected on Ivan’s device is
to implement Mobile Device Management (MDM) to enforce company security policies and
configuration settings.
Question: 163
Which activity best supports the principle of data quality from a privacy perspective?
A. Ensuring the data is classified.
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B. Protecting the data against unauthorized access.
C. Ensuring the data is available for use.
D. Protecting the data against unauthorized changes.
Answer: D
Explanation:
protecting data against unauthorized changes best supports the principle of data quality from a
privacy perspective. This helps ensure that the data remains accurate and reliable.
Question: 164
Which of the following is one of the fundamental principles of information security?
A. Accountability.
B. Accessibility.
C. Confidentiality.
D. Connectivity.
Answer: C
Explanation:
confidentiality is one of the fundamental principles of information security. Confidentiality refers to
protecting information from unauthorized access and disclosure.
Question: 165
An organization's customers have suffered a number of data breaches through successful social
engineering attacks. One potential solution to remediate and prevent future occurrences would be
to
implement which of the following?
A Differential identifiability.
B. Multi-factor authentication.
C. Greater password complexity.
D. Attribute-based access control.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Multi-factor authentication. Social engineering attacks often involve tricking individuals into
revealing their login credentials. Implementing multi-factor authentication can help prevent
unauthorized access even if an attacker obtains a user’s password.
Question: 166
An organization is launching a new online subscription-based publication. As the service is not aimed
at children, users are asked for their date of birth as part of the of the sign-up process. The privacy
technologist suggests it may be more appropriate ask if an individual is over 18 rather than requiring
they provide a date of birth. What kind of threat is the privacy technologist concerned about?
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A. Identification.
B. Insecurity.
C. Interference.
D. Minimization.
Answer: D
Explanation:
By suggesting that it may be more appropriate to ask if an individual is over 18 rather than requiring
they provide a date of birth, the privacy technologist is concerned about minimizing the amount of
personal data collected. This helps reduce privacy risks by limiting the amount of personal data that
could potentially be exposed in a data breach.
Question: 167
Combining multiple pieces of information about an individual to produce a whole that is greater
than
the sum of its parts is called?
A. Identification.
B. Insecurity.
C. Aggregation.
D. Exclusion.
Answer: C
Explanation:
combining multiple pieces of information about an individual to produce a whole that is greater than
the sum of its parts is called aggregation. Aggregation can be used to create more detailed profiles of
individuals by combining data from multiple sources.
Question: 168
A clinical research organization is processing highly sensitive personal data, including numerical
attributes, from medical trial results. The organization needs to manipulate the data without
revealing the contents to data users. This can be achieved by utilizing?
A. k-anonymity.
B. Microdata sets.
C. Polymorphic encryption.
D. Homomorphic encryption.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Homomorphic encryption. Homomorphic encryption allows computations to be performed on
encrypted data without revealing the contents of the data. This can be useful in situations where
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sensitive personal data needs to be processed without revealing its contents to data users.
Question: 169
To meet data protection and privacy legal requirements that may require personal data to be
disposed of or deleted when no longer necessary for the use it was collected, what is the best
privacy-enhancing solution a privacy technologist should recommend be implemented in application
design to meet this requirement?
A. Implement a process to delete personal data on demand and maintain records on deletion
requests.
B. Implement automated deletion of off-site backup of personal data based on annual risk
assessments.
C. Develop application logic to validate and purge personal data according to legal hold status or
retention schedule.
D. Securely archive personal data not accessed or used in the last 6 months. Automate a quarterly
review to delete data
from archive once no longer needed.
Answer: A
Explanation:
to meet data protection and privacy legal requirements that may require personal data to be
disposed of or deleted when no longer necessary for the use it was collected for, a privacy
technologist should recommend implementing a process to delete personal data on demand and
maintain records on deletion requests. This allows individuals to exercise their right to have their
personal data deleted and provides a record of compliance with legal requirements.
Question: 170
An organization is reliant on temporary contractors for performing data analytics and they require
access to personal data via software-as-a-service to perform their job. When the temporary
contractor completes their work assignment, what woul^.be the most effective way to safeguard
privacy and access to personal data when they leave?
A. Set a system-based expiry that requires management reauthorization for online access for
accounts that have been active more than 6 months.
B. Establish a predetermined automatic account expiration date based on contract timescales.
C. Require temporary contractors to sign a non-disclosure agreement, security acceptable use policy,
and online access authorizations by hiring managers.
D. Mandate hiring managers to email IT or Security team when the contractor leaves.
Answer: B
Explanation:
when an organization is reliant on temporary contractors for performing data analytics and they
require access to personal data via software-as-a-service to perform their job, the most effective
way
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to safeguard privacy and access to personal data when they leave would be to establish a
predetermined automatic account expiration date based on contract timescales. This ensures that
the contractor’s access to personal data is automatically revoked when their contract ends.
Question: 171
Which of the following is a privacy consideration for NOT sending large-scale SPAM type emails to a
database of email addresses?
A. Poor user experience.
B. Emails are unsolicited.
C. Data breach notification.
D. Reduction in email deliverability score.
Answer: B
Explanation:
a privacy consideration for NOT sending large-scale SPAM type emails to a database of email
addresses is that the emails are unsolicited. Sending unsolicited emails can violate individuals’
privacy rights and may also be illegal under certain anti-spam laws.
Question: 172
Which of the following can be used to bypass even the best physical and logical security mechanisms
to gain access to a system?
A. Phishing emails.
B. Denial of service.
C. Brute-force attacks.
D. Social engineering.
Answer: D
Explanation:
social engineering can be used to bypass even the best physical and logical security mechanisms to
gain access to a system. Social engineering involves manipulating individuals into revealing sensitive
information or performing actions that compromise security.
Question: 173
An organization is deciding between building a solution in-house versus purchasing a solution for a
new customer facing application. When security threat are taken into consideration, a key
advantage
of purchasing a solution would be the availability of?
A. Outsourcing.
B. Persistent VPN.
C. Patching and updates.
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D. Digital Rights Management.
Answer: C
Explanation:
when security threats are taken into consideration, a key advantage of purchasing a solution would
be the availability of patching and updates.
Question: 174
of the following best describes a network threat model and Its uses?
A.
It
Is
used
in
software
development
to
detect
programming
errors.
.
B. It is a risk-based model used to calculate the probabilities of risks identified during vulnerability
tests.
C. It helps assess the probability, the potential harm, and the priority of attacks to help minimize or
eradicate the threats.
D. It combines the results of vulnerability and penetration tests to provide useful insights into the
network's overall threat and security posture.
Answer: C
Explanation:
a network threat model helps assess the probability, the potential harm, and the priority of attacks
to help minimize or eradicate the threats.
Question: 175
An organization is concerned that its aging IT infrastructure will lead to Increased security and
privacy
risks. Which of the following would help mitigate these risks?
A. Vulnerability management.
B. Data Loss Prevention.
C. Code audits.
D. Network Centricity.
Answer: A
Explanation:
vulnerability management would help mitigate the risks of an organization’s aging IT infrastructure
leading to increased security and privacy risks.
Question: 176
An organization has recently experienced a data breach where large amounts of personal data were
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compromised. As part of a post-incident review, the privacy technologist wants to analyze available
data to understand what vulnerabilities may have contributed to the incident occurring. He learns
that a key vulnerability had been flagged by the system but that detective controls were not
operating effectively. Which type of web application security risk does this finding most likely point
to?
A. Insecure Design.
B. Misconfiguration.
C. Vulnerable and Outdated Components.
D. Logging and Monitoring Failures.
Answer: D
Explanation:
if an organization has recently experienced a data breach where large amounts of personal data
were
compromised and a post-incident review reveals that a key vulnerability had been flagged by the
system but that detective controls were not operating effectively, this finding most likely points to
logging and monitoring failures as a type of web application security risk. Effective logging and
monitoring can help detect and respond to security incidents in a timely manner.
Question: 177
Data oriented strategies Include which of the following?
A. Minimize. Separate, Abstract, Hide.
B. Inform, Control, Enforce, Demonstrate.
C. Encryption, Hashing, Obfuscation, Randomization.
D. Consent. Contract, Legal Obligation, Legitimate interests.
Answer: A
Explanation:
data oriented strategies include minimizing the amount of personal data collected and processed
(Minimize), separating personal data from other data (Separate), abstracting personal data so that it
is less identifiable (Abstract), and hiding personal data so that it is not easily accessible (Hide).
Question: 178
it Is Important for a privacy technologist to understand dark patterns In order to reduce the risk of
which of the following?
A. Breaches of an individual's data.
B. Illicit collection of personal data.
C. Manipulation of a user's choice.
D. Discrimination from profiling.
Answer: C
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Explanation:
it is important for a privacy technologist to understand dark patterns in order to reduce the risk of
manipulation of a user’s choice. Dark patterns are user interface design choices that are intended to
manipulate users into taking actions they might not otherwise take.
Question: 179
There are two groups of users. In a company, where one group Is allowed to see credit card
numbers,
while the other group Is not. Both are accessing the data through the same application. The most
effective and efficient way to achieve this would be?
A. Have two copies of the data, one copy where the credit card numbers are obfuscated, while the
other copy has them in the clear. Serve up from
the appropriate copy depending on the user accessing it.
B. Have the data encrypted at rest, and selectively decrypt It for the users who have the rights to see
it.
C. Obfuscate the credit card numbers whenever a user who does not have the right to see them
accesses the data.
D. Drop credit card numbers altogether whenever a user who does not have the right to see them
accesses the data.
Answer: B
Explanation:
the most effective and efficient way to achieve this would be to have the data encrypted at rest, and
selectively decrypt it for the users who have the rights to see it.
Question: 180
Which of the following is NOT a valid basis for data retention?
A. Size of the data.
B. Type of the data.
C. Location of the data.
D. Last time the data was accessed.
Answer: D
Explanation:
the last time the data was accessed is not a valid basis for data retention.
Question: 181
Which of the following techniques describes the use of encryption where encryption keys are
divided
into parts that can then be used to recover a full encryption key?
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A. Homomorphic encryption.
B. Asymmetric cryptography.
C. Cryptographic hashing.
D. Secret sharing.
Answer: D
Explanation:
the technique that describes the use of encryption where encryption keys are divided into parts that
can then be used to recover a full encryption key is called secret sharing.
Question: 182
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next questions:
Your company is launching a new track and trace health app during the outbreak of a virus pandemic
in the US. The developers claim the app is based on privacy by design because personal data
collected was considered to ensure only necessary data is captured, users are presented with a
privacy notice, and they are asked to give consent before data is shared. Users can update their
consent after logging into an account, through a dedicated privacy and consent hub. This is
accessible through the 'Settings' icon from any app page, then clicking 'My Preferences', and
selecting 'Information Sharing and Consent' where the following choices are displayed:
• "I consent to receive notifications and infection alerts";
• "I consent to receive information on additional features or services, and new products";
• "I consent to sharing only my risk result and location information, for exposure and contact tracing
purposes";
• "I consent to share my data for medical research purposes"; and
• "I consent to share my data with healthcare providers affiliated to the company".
For each choice, an ON* or OFF tab is available The default setting is ON for all
Users purchase a virus screening service for USS29 99 for themselves or others using the app The
virus screening
service works as follows:
• Step 1 A photo of the user's face is taken.
• Step 2 The user measures their temperature and adds the reading in the app
• Step 3 The user is asked to read sentences so that a voice analysis can detect symptoms
• Step 4 The user is asked to answer questions on known symptoms
• Step 5 The user can input information on family members (name date of birth, citizenship, home
address, phone number, email and relationship).)
The results are displayed as one of the following risk status "Low. "Medium" or "High" if the user is
deemed at "Medium " or "High" risk an alert may be sent to other users and the user is Invited to
seek a medical consultation and diagnostic from a healthcare provider.
A user’s risk status also feeds a world map for contact tracing purposes, where users are able to
check if they have been or are in dose proximity of an infected person If a user has come in contact
with another individual classified as "medium’ or 'high' risk an instant notification also alerts the user
of this. The app collects location trails of every user to monitor locations visited by an infected
individual Location is collected using the phone's GPS functionary, whether the app is in use or not
however, the exact location of the user is "blurred' for privacy reasons Users can only see on the
map
circles
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What is likely to be the biggest privacy concern with the current 'Information Sharing and Consent'
page?
A. The ON or OFF default setting for each item.
B. The navigation needed in the app to get to the consent page.
C. The option to consent to receive potential marketing information.
D. The information sharing with healthcare providers affiliated with the company.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Having default settings for information sharing and consent can be problematic because it may not
accurately reflect a user’s preferences. Users may not be aware of these default settings or may not
understand their implications. This could result in personal information being shared without the
user’s explicit consent.
Question: 183
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next questions:
Your company is launching a new track and trace health app during the outbreak of a virus pandemic
in the US. The developers claim the app is based on privacy by design because personal data
collected was considered to ensure only necessary data is captured, users are presented with a
privacy notice, and they are asked to give consent before data is shared. Users can update their
consent after logging into an account, through a dedicated privacy and consent hub. This is
accessible through the 'Settings' icon from any app page, then clicking 'My Preferences', and
selecting 'Information Sharing and Consent' where the following choices are displayed:
• "I consent to receive notifications and infection alerts";
• "I consent to receive information on additional features or services, and new products";
• "I consent to sharing only my risk result and location information, for exposure and contact tracing
purposes";
• "I consent to share my data for medical research purposes"; and
• "I consent to share my data with healthcare providers affiliated to the company".
For each choice, an ON* or OFF tab is available The default setting is ON for all
Users purchase a virus screening service for USS29 99 for themselves or others using the app The
virus screening
service works as follows:
• Step 1 A photo of the user's face is taken.
• Step 2 The user measures their temperature and adds the reading in the app
• Step 3 The user is asked to read sentences so that a voice analysis can detect symptoms
• Step 4 The user is asked to answer questions on known symptoms
• Step 5 The user can input information on family members (name date of birth, citizenship, home
address, phone number, email and relationship).)
The results are displayed as one of the following risk status "Low. "Medium" or "High" if the user is
deemed at "Medium " or "High" risk an alert may be sent to other users and the user is Invited to
seek a medical consultation and diagnostic from a healthcare provider.
A user’s risk status also feeds a world map for contact tracing purposes, where users are able to
check if they have been or are in dose proximity of an infected person If a user has come in contact
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with another individual classified as "medium’ or 'high' risk an instant notification also alerts the user
of this. The app collects location trails of every user to monitor locations visited by an infected
individual Location is collected using the phone's GPS functionary, whether the app is in use or not
however, the exact location of the user is "blurred' for privacy reasons Users can only see on the
map
circles
Which of the following is likely to be the most important issue with the choices presented in the
'Information Sharing and Consent' pages?
A. The data and recipients for medical research are not specified
B. Insufficient information is provided on notifications and infection alerts
C. The sharing of information with an affiliated healthcare provider is too risky
D. Allowing users to share risk result information for exposure and contact tracing purposes
Answer: A
Explanation:
Not specifying the data and recipients for medical research can make it difficult for users to make
informed decisions about whether to consent to this type of information sharing. This lack of
transparency could result in personal information being shared with third parties without the user’s
full understanding or consent.
Question: 184
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next questions:
Your company is launching a new track and trace health app during the outbreak of a virus pandemic
in the US. The developers claim the app is based on privacy by design because personal data
collected was considered to ensure only necessary data is captured, users are presented with a
privacy notice, and they are asked to give consent before data is shared. Users can update their
consent after logging into an account, through a dedicated privacy and consent hub. This is
accessible through the 'Settings' icon from any app page, then clicking 'My Preferences', and
selecting 'Information Sharing and Consent' where the following choices are displayed:
• "I consent to receive notifications and infection alerts";
• "I consent to receive information on additional features or services, and new products";
• "I consent to sharing only my risk result and location information, for exposure and contact tracing
purposes";
• "I consent to share my data for medical research purposes"; and
• "I consent to share my data with healthcare providers affiliated to the company".
For each choice, an ON* or OFF tab is available The default setting is ON for all
Users purchase a virus screening service for USS29 99 for themselves or others using the app The
virus screening
service works as follows:
• Step 1 A photo of the user's face is taken.
• Step 2 The user measures their temperature and adds the reading in the app
• Step 3 The user is asked to read sentences so that a voice analysis can detect symptoms
• Step 4 The user is asked to answer questions on known symptoms
• Step 5 The user can input information on family members (name date of birth, citizenship, home
address, phone number, email and relationship).)
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The results are displayed as one of the following risk status "Low. "Medium" or "High" if the user is
deemed at "Medium " or "High" risk an alert may be sent to other users and the user is Invited to
seek a medical consultation and diagnostic from a healthcare provider.
A user’s risk status also feeds a world map for contact tracing purposes, where users are able to
check if they have been or are in dose proximity of an infected person If a user has come in contact
with another individual classified as "medium’ or 'high' risk an instant notification also alerts the user
of this. The app collects location trails of every user to monitor locations visited by an infected
individual Location is collected using the phone's GPS functionary, whether the app is in use or not
however, the exact location of the user is "blurred' for privacy reasons Users can only see on the
map
circles
Which of the following pieces of information collected is the LEAST likely to be justified tor the
purposes of the app?
A. Relationship of family member
B. Phone number
C. Dale of birth
D. Citizenship
Answer: D
Explanation:
Of the pieces of information collected by the app described in the scenario provided in the exhibit
you shared, citizenship (option D) is LEAST likely to be justified for the purposes of the app.
Citizenship may not be necessary for providing health recommendations or contact tracing services.
Collecting this type of personal information could raise privacy concerns if it is not necessary for
fulfilling the primary purpose of the app.
Question: 185
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next questions:
Your company is launching a new track and trace health app during the outbreak of a virus pandemic
in the US. The developers claim the app is based on privacy by design because personal data
collected was considered to ensure only necessary data is captured, users are presented with a
privacy notice, and they are asked to give consent before data is shared. Users can update their
consent after logging into an account, through a dedicated privacy and consent hub. This is
accessible through the 'Settings' icon from any app page, then clicking 'My Preferences', and
selecting 'Information Sharing and Consent' where the following choices are displayed:
• "I consent to receive notifications and infection alerts";
• "I consent to receive information on additional features or services, and new products";
• "I consent to sharing only my risk result and location information, for exposure and contact tracing
purposes";
• "I consent to share my data for medical research purposes"; and
• "I consent to share my data with healthcare providers affiliated to the company".
For each choice, an ON* or OFF tab is available The default setting is ON for all
Users purchase a virus screening service for USS29 99 for themselves or others using the app The
virus screening
service works as follows:
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• Step 1 A photo of the user's face is taken.
• Step 2 The user measures their temperature and adds the reading in the app
• Step 3 The user is asked to read sentences so that a voice analysis can detect symptoms
• Step 4 The user is asked to answer questions on known symptoms
• Step 5 The user can input information on family members (name date of birth, citizenship, home
address, phone number, email and relationship).)
The results are displayed as one of the following risk status "Low. "Medium" or "High" if the user is
deemed at "Medium " or "High" risk an alert may be sent to other users and the user is Invited to
seek a medical consultation and diagnostic from a healthcare provider.
A user’s risk status also feeds a world map for contact tracing purposes, where users are able to
check if they have been or are in dose proximity of an infected person If a user has come in contact
with another individual classified as "medium’ or 'high' risk an instant notification also alerts the user
of this. The app collects location trails of every user to monitor locations visited by an infected
individual Location is collected using the phone's GPS functionary, whether the app is in use or not
however, the exact location of the user is "blurred' for privacy reasons Users can only see on the
map
circles
The location data collected and displayed on the map should be changed for which of the following
reasons?
A. The blurriness does not allow users to know how close they are to an infected person
B. The radius used for location data exceeds official social distancing rules
C. The location data has not been pseudonymized
D. The location data is loo precise
Answer: D
Explanation:
Location data that is too precise can reveal sensitive information about an individual’s movements
and activities. This could raise privacy concerns if this detailed location data is shared with third
parties or used for purposes other than contact tracing. Pseudonymizing location data (option C)
could also help protect user privacy but may not address concerns about overly precise location
data.
Question: 186
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next questions:
Your company is launching a new track and trace health app during the outbreak of a virus pandemic
in the US. The developers claim the app is based on privacy by design because personal data
collected was considered to ensure only necessary data is captured, users are presented with a
privacy notice, and they are asked to give consent before data is shared. Users can update their
consent after logging into an account, through a dedicated privacy and consent hub. This is
accessible through the 'Settings' icon from any app page, then clicking 'My Preferences', and
selecting 'Information Sharing and Consent' where the following choices are displayed:
• "I consent to receive notifications and infection alerts";
• "I consent to receive information on additional features or services, and new products";
• "I consent to sharing only my risk result and location information, for exposure and contact tracing
purposes";
• "I consent to share my data for medical research purposes"; and
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• "I consent to share my data with healthcare providers affiliated to the company".
For each choice, an ON* or OFF tab is available The default setting is ON for all
Users purchase a virus screening service for USS29 99 for themselves or others using the app The
virus screening
service works as follows:
• Step 1 A photo of the user's face is taken.
• Step 2 The user measures their temperature and adds the reading in the app
• Step 3 The user is asked to read sentences so that a voice analysis can detect symptoms
• Step 4 The user is asked to answer questions on known symptoms
• Step 5 The user can input information on family members (name date of birth, citizenship, home
address, phone number, email and relationship).)
The results are displayed as one of the following risk status "Low. "Medium" or "High" if the user is
deemed at "Medium " or "High" risk an alert may be sent to other users and the user is Invited to
seek a medical consultation and diagnostic from a healthcare provider.
A user’s risk status also feeds a world map for contact tracing purposes, where users are able to
check if they have been or are in dose proximity of an infected person If a user has come in contact
with another individual classified as "medium’ or 'high' risk an instant notification also alerts the user
of this. The app collects location trails of every user to monitor locations visited by an infected
individual Location is collected using the phone's GPS functionary, whether the app is in use or not
however, the exact location of the user is "blurred' for privacy reasons Users can only see on the
map
circles
Which technology is best suited for the contact tracing feature of the app1?
A. Bluetooth
B. Deep learning
C. Near Field Communication (NFC)
D. Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID)
Answer: A
Explanation:
Bluetooth technology can enable devices to communicate with each other over short distances. This
makes it well-suited for contact tracing applications where proximity between individuals needs to
be detected. Deep learning (option B), Near Field Communication (NFC) (option C), and Radio
Frequency Identification (RFID) (option D) are technologies that could also have potential uses in a
contact tracing app but may not be as well-suited as Bluetooth.
Question: 187
An organization needs to be able to manipulate highly sensitive personal information without
revealing the contents of the data to the users. The organization should investigate the use of?
A. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
B. Homomorphic encryption
C. Quantum encryption
C. Pseudonymization
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Answer: B
Explanation:
if an organization needs to be able to manipulate highly sensitive personal information without
revealing the contents of the data to the users, they should investigate the use of homomorphic
encryption. Homomorphic encryption allows computations to be performed on encrypted data
without revealing its contents.
Question: 188
A healthcare provider would like to data mine information for research purposes however the Chief
Privacy Officer is concerned medical data of individuals may be disclosed overcome the concern,
which is the preferred technique for protecting such data while still allowing for analysis?
A. Access Control
B. Encryption
C. Isolation
D. Perturbation
Answer: D
Explanation:
perturbation would be a preferred technique for protecting medical data while still allowing for
analysis. Perturbation involves adding noise or randomness to data in order to preserve privacy
while
still allowing for statistical analysis.
Question: 189
A privacy technologist has been asked to aid in a forensic investigation on the darknet following the
compromise of a company's personal dat
a. This will primarily involve an understanding of which of the following privacy-preserving
techniques?
A. Encryption
B. Do Not Track
C. Masking
C. Tokenization
Answer: A
Explanation:
a privacy technologist aiding in a forensic investigation on the darknet following the compromise of a
company’s personal data would primarily need an understanding of encryption. Encryption is a
privacy-preserving technique that can help protect sensitive data from unauthorized access.
Question: 190
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Which of these is considered an ethical dark pattern on privacy?
A. Using attractive designs to influence an individual.
B. Rewarding users for providing more personal information
C. Giving users more privacy options in relation to their personal information
D. Providing dear and simple privacy notices to users
Answer: B
Explanation:
rewarding users for providing more personal information is considered an unethical dark pattern on
privacy. Dark patterns are user interface design choices that are intended to manipulate users into
taking actions they might not otherwise take.
Question: 191
Which concept related to privacy choice is demonstrated by highlighting and bolding the "accept"
button on a cookies notice while maintaining standard text format for other options?
A. Illuminating
B. Nudging
C. Suppression
D. Tagging
Answer: B
Explanation:
highlighting and bolding the “accept” button on a cookies notice while maintaining standard text
format for other options is an example of nudging. Nudging is a concept related to privacy choice
that involves subtly influencing individuals’ decisions through the design of choice architecture.
Question: 192
Truncating the last octet of an IP address because it is NOT needed is an example of which privacy
principle?
A. Use Limitation
B. Data Minimization
C. Purpose Limitation
D. Security Safeguards
Answer: B
Explanation:
truncating the last octet of an IP address because it is not needed is an example of data
minimization.
Data minimization is a privacy principle that involves collecting and processing only the minimum
amount of personal data necessary for a specific purpose.
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Question: 193
Which privacy engineering objective proposed by the US National Institute of Science and
Technology (NIST) decreases privacy risk by ensuring that connections between individuals and their
personal data are reduced?
A. Disassoc lability
B. Manageability
C. Minimization
D. Predictability
Answer: A
Explanation:
disassociability is a privacy engineering objective proposed by the US National Institute of Science
and Technology (NIST) that decreases privacy risk by ensuring that connections between individuals
and their personal data are reduced.
Question: 194
What is the main privacy threat posed by Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)?
A. RFID can be utilized to track people or consumer products
B. RFID can be utilized to gam unauthorized access to an individual's device
C. RFID can be utilized to spoof identification details
D. RFID can be utilized to read information from a device without the user's knowledge
Answer: A
Explanation:
the main privacy threat posed by Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is that it can be utilized to
track people or consumer products. RFID technology allows for wireless communication between
tags and readers, which can be used to track the location and movement of tagged items.
Question: 195
A jurisdiction requiring an organization to place a link on the website that allows a consumer to opt
out of sharing is an example of what type of requirement?
A. Functional
B. Operational
C. Technical
D. Use case
Answer: B
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Explanation:
a jurisdiction requiring an organization to place a link on their website that allows consumers to opt
out of sharing their personal data is an example of an operational requirement. Operational
requirements involve implementing specific processes or procedures in order to comply with legal or
regulatory obligations.
Question: 196
An organization is using new technologies that will target and process personal data of EU
customers.
In which of the following circumstances would a privacy technologist need to support a data
protection impact assessment (DPIA)?
A. If a privacy notice and opt-m consent box are not displayed to the individual
B. If security of data processing has not been evaluated
C. If a large amount of personal data will be collected.
D. If data processing is a high risk to an individual's rights and freedoms
Answer: D
Explanation:
a privacy technologist would need to support a data protection impact assessment (DPIA) if data
processing is a high risk to an individual’s rights and freedoms.
Question: 197
Which of the following activities would be considered the best method for an organization to
achieve
the privacy principle of data quality'?
A. Clash customer information with information from a data broker
B. Build a system with user access controls and approval workflows to edit customer data
C. Set a privacy notice covering the purpose for collection of a customer's data
D. Provide a customer with a copy of their data in a machine-readable format
Answer: B
Explanation:
building a system with user access controls and approval workflows to edit customer data would be
considered the best method for an organization to achieve the privacy principle of data quality.
Question: 198
A developer is designing a new system that allows an organization's helpdesk to remotely connect
into the device of the individual to provide support Which of the following will be a privacy
technologist's primary concern"?
A. Geofencing
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B. Geo-tracking
C. Geo-tagging
D. Geolocation
Answer: D
Explanation:
a privacy technologist’s primary concern when designing a new system that allows an organization’s
helpdesk to remotely connect into the device of the individual to provide support would be
geolocation.
Question: 199
What risk is mitigated when routing meeting video traffic through a company’s application servers
rather than sending the video traffic directly from one user to another?
A. The user's identity is protected from the other user
B. The user is protected against cyberstalking attacks
C. The user's IP address is hidden from the other user
D. The user is assured that stronger authentication methods have been used
Answer: C
Explanation:
routing meeting video traffic through a company’s application servers rather than sending the video
traffic directly from one user to another mitigates the risk that the user’s IP address is hidden from
the other user.
Question: 200
An organization is evaluating a number of Machine Learning (ML) solutions to help automate a
customer-facing part of its business From a privacy perspective, the organization should first?
A. Define their goals for fairness
B. Document the distribution of bias scores
C. Document the False Positive Rates (FPR).
D. Define how data subjects may object to the processing
Answer: D
Explanation:
from a privacy perspective, an organization evaluating a number of Machine Learning (ML) solutions
to help automate a customer-facing part of its business should first define how data subjects may
object to the processing. This involves establishing clear and transparent mechanisms for individuals
to exercise their rights with respect to their personal data.
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Question: 201
How does browser fingerprinting compromise privacy?
A. By creating a security vulnerability.
B. By differentiating users based upon parameters.
C. By persuading users to provide personal information.
D. By customizing advertising based on the geographic location.
Answer: B
Explanation:
browser fingerprinting compromises privacy by differentiating users based upon parameters.
Browser fingerprinting involves collecting information about a user’s device and browser
configuration in order to uniquely identify them. This can allow for tracking of user behavior across
websites without their knowledge or consent.
Question: 202
A computer user navigates to a page on the Internet. The privacy notice pops up and the user clicks
the box to accept cookies, then continues to scroll the page to read the Information displayed. This is
an example of which type of consent?
A. Explicit.
B. Implicit.
C. Specific
D. Valid.
Answer: C
Explanation:
if a computer user navigates to a page on the Internet and clicks the box to accept cookies when
presented with a privacy notice before continuing to scroll the page and read the information
displayed, this is an example of specific consent. Specific consent involves obtaining clear and
unambiguous agreement from individuals for the processing of their personal data for specific
purposes.
Question: 203
Many modern vehicles incorporate technologies that increase the convenience of drivers, but collect
information about driver behavior in order to Implement this. What should vehicle manufacturers
prioritize to ensure enhanced privacy protection for drivers?
A. Share the sensitive data collected about driver behavior with the driver.
B. Derive implicit consent for the processing of sensitive data by the continued use of the vehicle.
C. Obtain affirmative consent for processing of sensitive data about the driver.
D. Provide easy to read, in-vehicle instructions about how to use the technology.
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Answer: C
Explanation:
vehicle manufacturers should prioritize obtaining affirmative consent for processing sensitive data
about drivers in order to ensure enhanced privacy protection. Affirmative consent involves obtaining
explicit agreement from individuals before collecting or processing their personal data.
Question: 204
An organization is launching a smart watch which, in addition to alerts, will notify the the wearer of
incoming calls allowing them to answer on the device. This convenience also comes with privacy
concerns and is an example of?
A. Value-Sensitive Design.
B. Ubiquitous computing.
C. Anthropomorphism.
D. Coupling
Answer: B
Explanation:
An organization launching a smart watch which notifies wearers of incoming calls allowing them to
answer on the device would be an example of ubiquitous computing rather than coupling.
Ubiquitous computing refers to technology that is seamlessly integrated into everyday life and
allows
for constant connectivity and interaction.
Question: 205
What is the main issue pertaining to data protection with the use of 'deep fakes'?
A. Misinformation.
B. Non-conformity with the accuracy principle.
C. Issues with establishing non-repudiation.
D. Issues with confidentiality of the information.
Answer: A
Explanation:
the main issue pertaining to data protection with the use of ‘deep fakes’ is misinformation.
Question: 206
An organization is considering launching enhancements to improve security and authentication
mechanisms in their products. To better identify the user and reduce friction from the
authentication
process, they plan to track physical attributes of an individual. A privacy technologist assessing
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privacy implications would be most interested in which of the following?
A. The purpose of the data tracking.
B. That the individual is aware tracking is occurring.
C. The authentication mechanism proposed.
D. The encryption of individual physical attributes.
Answer: A
Explanation:
a privacy technologist assessing privacy implications would be most interested in the purpose of the
data tracking.
Question: 207
Which of the following best describes the basic concept of "Privacy by Design?"
A. The adoption of privacy enhancing technologies.
B. The integration of a privacy program with all lines of business.
C. The implementation of privacy protection through system architecture.
D. The introduction of business process to identify and assess privacy gaps.
Answer: C
Explanation:
the basic concept of “Privacy by Design” is the implementation of privacy protection through system
architecture.
Question: 208
Which of the following methods does NOT contribute to keeping the data confidential?
A. Differential privacy.
B. Homomorphic encryption.
C. K-anonymity.
D. Referential integrity.
Answer: D
Explanation:
referential integrity does not contribute to keeping the data confidential.
Question: 209
What element is most conducive to fostering a sound privacy by design culture in an organization?
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A. Ensuring all employees acknowledge and understood the privacy policy.
B. Frequent privacy and security awareness training for employees.
C. Monthly reviews of organizational privacy principles.
D. Gaining advocacy from senior management.
Answer: D
Explanation:
gaining advocacy from senior management is the element most conducive to fostering a sound
privacy by design culture in an organization. Senior management plays a crucial role in setting the
tone and direction for privacy practices within an organization and their support is essential for
establishing a strong privacy culture.
Question: 210
After stringent testing an organization has launched a new web-facing ordering system for its
consumer medical products. As the medical products could provide indicators of health conditions,
the organization could further strengthen its privacy controls by deploying?
A. Run time behavior monitoring.
B. A content delivery network.
C. Context aware computing.
D. Differential identifiability.
Answer: D
Explanation:
after launching a new web-facing ordering system for its consumer medical products, an
organization
could further strengthen its privacy controls by deploying differential identifiability. Differential
identifiability involves adding noise or randomness to data in order to preserve privacy while still
allowing for statistical analysis.
Question: 211
Machine-learning based solutions present a privacy risk because?
A. Training data used during the training phase is compromised.
B. The solution may contain inherent bias from the developers.
C. The decision-making process used by the solution is not documented.
D. Machine-learning solutions introduce more vulnerabilities than other software.
Answer: B
Explanation:
machine-learning based solutions present a privacy risk because they may contain inherent bias
from
the developers. Bias can be introduced into machine learning models through biased training data or
through biased decision-making processes used by the solution.
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Question: 212
An organization is launching a new smart speaker to the market. The device will have the capability
to play music and provide news and weather updates. Which of the following would be a concern
from a privacy perspective?
A. Appropriation.
B. Browser Fingerprinting.
C. Context of authority.
D. Context aware computing.
Answer: D
Explanation:
An organization launching a new smart speaker to the market that has the capability to play music
and provide news and weather updates would have concerns about context aware computing rather
than browser fingerprinting from a privacy perspective. Context aware computing involves using
information about an individual’s location or behavior to tailor their experience with technology.
This
can raise concerns about how personal data is collected and used without individuals’ knowledge or
consent.
Question: 213
All of the following topics should be included in a workplace surveillance policy EXCEPT?
A. Who can be tracked and when.
B. Who can access surveillance data.
C. What areas can be placed under surveillance.
D. Who benefits from collecting surveillance data.
Answer: D
Explanation:
who benefits from collecting surveillance data should not be included in a workplace surveillance
policy.
Question: 214
What is the name of an alternative technique to counter the reduction in use of third-party cookies,
where web publishers may consider utilizing data cached by a browser and returned with a
subsequent request from the same resource to track unique users?
A. Web beacon tracking.
B. Browser fingerprinting.
C. Entity tagging.
D. Canvas fingerprinting.
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Answer: B
Explanation:
an alternative technique to counter the reduction in use of third-party cookies, where web
publishers may consider utilizing data cached by a browser and returned with a subsequent request
from the same resource to track unique users is called browser fingerprinting.
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