College of Engineering Education

2nd Floor, BE Building

Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082)296-1084
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/300-0647 Local 133

CE 603- ACHIEVEMENT EXAM B

Instructions:
A. Mark only one answer for each item by shading the box corresponding to the letter of your choice using No. 2 pencil
only.
B. Write your solutions on the papers provided.
C. Borrowing of calculator is not allowed.
D. Once the examination has started, you are not allowed to leave the testing area.
E. Once finished, submit the questionnaire and your answer sheet.
F. If you think the correct answer is not in the choices, select letter “e”.

SIT. A: A rectangular beam measures 300 mm wide and has an effective depth of 450 mm. Compression steel
consisting of two No. 8 (db=25 mm) bars is located 60 mm from the compression face of the beam. Use f’c = 27 MPa and fy =
415 MPa with ρb = 0.028
1) What is the design moment capacity of the beam if tensile steel area is A s = three No. 10 (db=32 mm) bars in one
layer.
A.) 275 kN-m B.) 305 kN-m C.) 340 kN-m D.) 378 kN-m
2) What is the design moment capacity of the beam if tensile steel area is A s = four No. 10 (db=32 mm) bars in one
layer.
A.) 511 kN-m B.) 460 kN-m C.) 423 kN-m D.) 545 kN-m
3) What is the design moment capacity of the beam if tensile steel area is A s = six No. 9 (db=29 mm) bars in two layer.
A.) 490 kN-m B.) 530 kN-m C.) 544 kN-m D.) 604 kN-m

SIT. B: A W 350x90 column 6 m high is fixed with respect to the major axis and is braced at mid-height with
respect to the minor axis. Properties of the wide flange section are as follows: A = 11,540 mm2, Ix= 2.66 x 108 mm4,
Iy= 0.44 x 108 mm4
4) Calculate the effective slenderness ratio with buckling about the major axis.
A.) 19.76 B.) 24.29 C.) 27.66 D.) 39.52
5) Calculate the effective slenderness ratio with buckling about the minor axis.
A.) 24 B.) 34 C.) 48 D.) 97
6) Calculate the axial load capacity if A36 steel is used.
A.) 1,519 kN B.) 1,455 kN C.) 1,640 kN D.) 1,563 kN

SIT. C: Reinforced concrete beams 300 mm wide and 500 mm deep below the slabs are spaced 2.5 m on centers.
The beams support a slab 100 mm thick carrying superimposed dead load of 3 kPa and live load of 4.8 kPa. In the typical
frame shown below, columns E and H are removed so that girder BEHK supports beams DEF at E and GHI at H. Concrete
weighs 24 kN/m3
6m 6m
B C
A
2.5 m
D E F

2.5 m
G H I

2.5 m
J K L

7) Calculate the factored load in kN at E induced by beam DE.

A.) 272.77 B.) 266.04 C.) 235.80 D.) 189.72
8) Calculate the maximum negative ultimate moment in kN-m of beam DE. Assume full fixity at column supports.
A.) 133.02 B.) 199.53 C.) 467.02 D.) 537.90
9) Calculate the maximum positive ultimate moment in kN-m of girder BK
A.) 221.70 B.) 268.95 C.) 233.24 D.) 239.42

A two-story school building has interior columns that are spaced 4.6-m apart in two perpendicular directions. The live load
on the flat roof is estimated to be 1.9 kPa and the typical floor supports 2.4 kPa.
NSCP PROVISIONS FOR ALTERNATE FLOOR LIVE LOAD REDUCTION
Live loads may be reduced on any member, including flat slabs, having an influence area of 37.2 m^2 or more. The reduced
live load is:
  1 
L = LO 0.25 + 4.57 
  A 
 I 
Where AI = influence area in m^2. The influence area is four times the tributary area for a column, two times the tributary
area for a beam, equal to the panel area for a two way slab, and equal to the product of the span and the full flange
width for a precast T beam.
L = the reduced live load per square meter of area supported by the member
Lo = unreduced design live load per square meter of area supported by the member
The reduced live load shall not be less than 50% of the unit live load for members receiving load from one level only, nor
less than 40% of the unit live load for other members.
10) Determine the reduced live load supported by a typical interior column at the ground floor level.
A.) 60 kN B.) 68 kN C.) 72 kN D.) 76 kN

SIT. D: A W 600 x 110 beam is supported by a bearing plate 300 mm x 200 mm x 35 mm on a wall with a thickness of
300 mm. Properties of W 600 x 110 beam
d = 600 mm, bf = 225 mm, tf = 18 mm, tw = 12 mm, K = 36 mm, fc’ = 24 MPa, fy = 248 MPa
The allowable bearing stress is 0.35 fc’ on full coverage of support surface, allowable bending stress is 0.75 Fy and allowable
web yielding stress is 0.66 Fy. Determine the maximum reaction at the beam for the following conditions.
11) Considering the bearing of concrete wall.
A) 1440 kN B) 756 kN C) 1224 kN D) 360 kN
12) Considering bending of plates at a distance K.
A) 333.6 kN B) 350.64 kN C) 168.2 kN D) 193.5 kN
13) Due to allowable web yielding stress at a distance (N + 2.5K).
A) 569.61 kN B) 792.3 kN C) 436.6 kN D) 839.21 kN
SIT. E: A tied column 450 mm square is reinforced with 8-ϕ25 mm equally distributed on its sides. The unsupported
length of the column is 2.6 m and is prevented to sidesway by shear walls. K 1.0, f’c = 20.7 MPa and fy = 415 MPa. Use 40
mm covering of tie reinforcement with diameter 12 mm. Es = 200 GPa.
14) Determine the location of the plastic centroid from the right face.
A) 250 B) 200 C) 225 D) 275
15) Determine the nominal axial load in kN when concrete strain is 0.003 and yield strain of steel is y = fy/Es
A) 1684 B) 1533 C) 1178 D) 1098
16) Determine the balanced eccentricity in mm.
A) 282 B) 305 C) 234 D) 256

17. The NSCP requires consideration of T-section for design of beams of monolithic floors in positive bending. Which of
the following are correct requirements for an interior beam?
A) The overhanging effective flange width on each side of the beam shall not exceed one-twelfth of the beam
span, nor one-half of the clear distance to the next web, nor six times the slab thickness.
B) The overhanging effective flange width on each side of the beam shall not exceed one-half of the clear
distance to the next web, nor six times the slab thickness, nor the effective flange width shall not exceed
one-fourth of the beam span.
C) The overhanging effective flange width on each side of the beam shall not exceed one-half of the clear
distance to the next web, nor eight times the slab thickness, nor the effective flange width shall not exceed
one-fourth of the beam span.
D) The overhanging effective flange width shall not exceed six times the slab thickness, nor the effective
flange width shall not exceed one-fourth of the beam span, nor the center to center distance between
beams.
18. A rectangular beam having b = 300 mm, h = 620 mm and d = 550 mm spans 6-m face-to-face of simple supports. It is
to carry service dead load DL = 14 kN/m (including self weight) and service live load LL = 25 kN/m, both uniformly
distributed along the span. Material strengths are f’c = 28 MPa and fy = 415 MPa.
Determine the spacing of 10 mm stirrups required at a section of minimum shear force.
A) 430 mm B) 250 mm C) 325 mm D) 275 mm

2m 2m 1.5m
A
1
2m
B D
2 2m
C

3 kN
8 kN

SIT. F: For the cable loaded as shown in the figure above:

19. Which of the following gives the value of the stress of BC in KN?
A) 2.96 B) 4.81 C) 5.13 D) 6.95
20. Which of the following gives the value of 2?
A) 32.2 B) 49.78 C) 25.61 D) 19.07
21. Which of the following gives the total length of the cable in meters?
A) 8.25 B) 9.60 C) 10.34 D) 12.05

SIT. G: Two plates, each 11 mm thick, are bolted together form a lapped tension member as shown in the figure
below. Diameter of bolts are 18 mm and the plate material is A36 steel with F y = 250 MPa and Fu = 400 MPa. Assume the
fasteners are adequate and do not control the tensile capacity. Diameter of hole is 3 mm bigger than the diameter of bolt.
22. Determine the tensile capacity of the lapped joint based on gross area.
A) 577.5 kN B) 412.5 kN C) 770.0 kN D) 495.0 kN
23. Determine the tensile capacity of the lapped joint based on net area.
A) 457.6 kN B) 651.2 kN C) 631.4 kN D) 562.2 kN

24. Determine the tensile capacity of the lapped joint based on block shear strength.
A) 594 kN B) 704 kN C) 530 kN D) 802 Kn
5.5 m 6m 5.5 m
B C D
A
2.5 m
E F G H

2.5 m
I J H L

2.5 m
M N O P

ACI MOMENT COEFFICIENTS

POSITIVE MOMENT = Cwuln2 C
End spans
Discontinuous end unrestrained……… 1/11
Discontinuous end integral with support 1/14
Interior spans……………………………… 1/16
NEGATIVE MOMENT = Cwuln2
At exterior face of first interior support
Two spans…………………………………………… 1/9
More than two spans………………………….. 1/10
At other faces of interior supports…………… 1/11
At face of all supports for slabs with spans not exceeding 3 meters; and beams where ratio of sum
of column stiffness to beam stiffness exceeds eight at each end of the span……………………………
At interior face of exterior support for members built integrally with supports: 1/12
Where support is a spandrel beam…………………
Where support is a column………………………… 1/24
1/16
SHEAR
At face of first interior support …………………… 1.15 wuln/2
At face of all other supports …………………………. wuln/2
Where C = coefficient
wu = factored load
ln = CLEAR span for +M and V;
= AVERAGE adjacent CLEAR span for –M
SIT. H: A monolithic floor framing plan is shown in the figure RCD02. The columns are 400 mm x 400 mm,
girders are 300 mm wide and 600 mm deep and slabs are 100 mm thick. The floor supports a superimposed service dead
load of 9.384 kPa and service live load of 6 kPa. ACI Moment Coefficients are given below.
25. Calculate the factored positive moment in kN·m for slab MIJN.
A) 11.92 B) 9.23 C) 8.08 D) 15.17
26. Calculate the required shear at F.
A) 185 B) 193 C) 176 D) 168
27. Calculate the factored negative moment kN·m F for girder EF.
A) 171.74 B) 156.12 C) 141.87 D) 150.34

SIT. I: A short circular column 600 mm in diameter is reinforced with 6-ϕ28 mm bars equally spaced confined with 12
mm spiral bar. Concrete cover of outermost reinforcement is 50 mm. Use f’c = 21 MPa and fy = 415 MPa.
28. Calculate the ultimate axial load the column can carry.
A. 3,170 kN B. 2,784 kN C. 3,730 kN D. 4,152 kN
29. Calculate the required pitch or spacing (mm) of the spiral reinforcement.
A. 80 B. 100 C. 130 D. 50
SIT: The antenna tower is supported by three cables. If the forces of these cables acting on the antenna are FB= 520 N, FC=
680 N, and FD= 560 N,
30. Determine the magnitude of the resultant force acting at A.
A. 1359 N B. 1435 N C. 1477 N D. 1292 N

SIT: A tri-metallic bar is uniformly compressed by an axial force P = 40 kN applied through a rigid end plate (see figure). The
bar consists of a circular steel core surrounded by a brass and copper tubes. The steel core has a diameter of 30 mm, the
brass tube has outer diameter of 45 mm, and the copper tube has outer diameter of 60 mm. the corresponding moduli of
elasticity are Es = 210 GPa, Eb = 100 GPa, and Ec = 120 GPa.
31. Calculate the compressive stress in the steel core in MPa due to the force P.
A. 25.1 B. 28.3 C. 22.4 D. 21.8
32. Calculate the compressive stress in the brass tube in MPa.
A. 7.9 B. 8.2 C. 9.8 D. 10.4
33. Calculate the compressive stress in the copper tube in MPa.
A. 12.5 B. 14.2 C. 16.4 D. 17.8

SIT: A simply supported beam 300 mm wide, 500 mm deep and spans 6 m supports a service super imposed dead load of
10 kN/m and service live load of 6 kN/m. Concrete strength f’ c = 21 MPa and steel yield strength fy = 415 MPa. Concrete
cover to bar centroid is 70 mm.
34. Determine the maximum ultimate moment in kN∙m the beam must resist using load combination of NSCP 2010.
A. 108.90 B. 131.58 C. 97.20 D. 116.64
35. Determine the required depth of stress block in mm upon crushing of concrete when the loading is applied.
A. 56.22 B. 49.78 C. 81.21 D. 60.54
36. Determine the required amount of tensile reinforcement in mm .
2

A. 781 B. 891 C. 1048 D. 435

SIT: A simply supported beam is reinforced as shown in the figure above. With material strengths f’ c = 21 MPa, long bar fy =
415 MPa and stirrup bar fy = 275 MPa, and load factors 1.4 for dead load and 1.7 for live load combination, calculate the
following:
37. Design strength of the beam section against bending in kN·m.
A. 658 B. 592 C. 492 D. 546
38. Spacing of 10-mm stirrups at the critical section for shear in mm.
A. 260 B. 140 C. 160 D. 100
39. Location of section from the left support where stirrups are no longer required.
A. 2.48 m B. 2.38 m C. Stirrups are required D. 3.35 m
throughout

SIT: A floor slab 100 mm thick is cast monolithically with beams 300 mm wide 610 mm deep spaced 1.2 m on centers, on
simple supports over a span of 6.5 m. The floor supports a superimposed service dead load of 1.85 kPa and service live load
of 4.8 kPa. Using f’c = 21 MPa, long bar fy = 415 MPa, calculate the following:
40. Factored uniform load on a typical interior beam in kN/m using load factors of 1.2 for dead load and 1.6 for live load.
A. 19.01 B. 19.74 C. 15.34 D. 12.78
41. Effective flange width of a typical interior beam in mm.
A. 1,625 B. 1,750 C. 1,200 D. 1,466
42. Required amount of flexure bars for a typical interior beam in positive bending.
A. 512 mm2 B. 556 mm2 C. 660 mm2 D. 527 mm2
SIT: The dimensions of a rectangular beam are limited to b = 300 mm and effective depth, d = 700 mm. Using f’c = 28 MPa,
long bar fy = 415 MPa, calculate the following for a factored bending moment of 1500 kN·:
43. Maximum steel ratio limiting the tensile strain to 0.004.
A. 0.01828 B. 0.02089 C. 0.021611 D. 0.0162
44. Required amount of tensile reinforcement using a tensile strain of 0.005.
A. 3839 mm2 B. 9478 mm2 C. 6775 mm2 D. 6628 mm2
45. Required amount of compression reinforcement.
A. 2789 mm2 B. 2388 mm2 C. 2178 mm2 D. 3035mm2
SIT: In the connection shown in the figure FIG. F, 𝐴502 − 𝐼 bearing type bolts with threads in shear are used with 12 𝑚𝑚
diameter. Allowable shear stress is 𝐹𝑣 = 120 𝑀𝑃𝑎. Allowable bearing stress is 480 MPa and allowable tensile stress is
150 𝑀𝑃𝑎. Assume the service load passes through the centroid of the rivet group.

46. Determine the required number of bolts following the given arrangement if 𝑃 = 200 𝑘𝑁.
A. 12 B. 14 C. 13 D. 15
SIT: Six tie rods are supporting a circular heavy torus of diameter 2 m. from an overhead point. If the torus weighs 2.5 kN/m
and the attachment point is 3 m. above it, determine the following:

47. Find the tension in each tie rod.

A. 7.855 kN B. 8.28 kN C. 2.76 kN D. 1.38 kN
48. What is the required diameter of the tie rod that will not exceed the allowable stress of 124 MPa.
A. 6 mm B. 9.22 mm C. 3.76 mm D. 9 mm
49. If the wire is 10 mm in diameter, find the vertical displacement of the torus.
A. 0.527 mm B. 0.625 mm C. 0.586 mm D. 0.428 mm
SIT: Reinforced concrete beams DF, BE and EH are 300 mm wide and 600 mm deep spaced 2.5 m on centers. The beams
support a monolithic slab 100 mm thick carrying superimposed dead load of 2 kPa and live load of 4.8 kPa. Concrete weighs
24 kN/m3. f’c = 21 MPa, fy = 415 MPa. Assume bar centroid of tensile reinforcement to be 70 mm from edge of beam.
6m 6m
G
A
D
2.5 m
E H
B

2.5 m
F I
C
50. Calculate total factored load supported by beam BE in kN/m.
E) 35.80 F) 39.83 G) 40.84 H) 41.85
51. Calculate the maximum negative ultimate moment on beam BEH assuming simple supports at B, E & H.
A. 183.78 kN.m B. 147.02 kN.m C. 103.38 kN.m D. 122.52 kN.m
52. Calculate the maximum positive ultimate moment on beam BEH assuming simple supports at B, E & H.
A. 183.78 kN.m B. 147.02 kN.m C. 103.38 kN.m D. 122.52 kN.m
SIT: A W350x82 column (bf = 250 mm, d = 350 mm) carries a factored axial load of 1,632 kN. It bears on a steel base plate
500 mm x 600 mm on a square footing 2.4 m x 2.4 m x 450 mm. Concrete cover to bar centroid of steel reinforcement for
bending = 100 mm. Critical section for shear is defined at distance “d” for one way shear and distance “d/2” for two way
shear, from midway of column face and edge of base plate.
53. Calculate the ultimate beam shear stress in MPa at critical section.
A. 0.54 B. 0.82 C. 0.76 D. 0.65
54. Calculate the ultimate punching shear stress in MPa at critical section.
A. 1.35 B. 1.53 C. 1.41 D. 1.08
55. Calculate the maximum ultimate banding moment in kN·m on the footing slab if the critical section for bending is
midway of column face and edge of base plate.
A. 242.67 B. 348.21 C. 366.14 D. 233.26
SIT: A hallow pole weighing 150 N/m is 3 m high, 6 mm thick and has an outside diameter of 300 mm. The pole is fixed at
the base and is subjected to a compressive force of 3 kN acting at an eccentricity of 100 mm from its centroid and a lateral
force of 0.45 kN applied at the top.
56. Calculate the max. tensile stress at the base of the pole.
A. 2.58 MPa B. 4.75 MPa C. 3.51 MPa D. 5.21 MPa

3 kN
0.45 kN

SIT: Timber purlins, 50 mm x 125 mm, spaced 0.5 m along the roof slope are supported on rafters 2.4 m on centers. The
angle of the roof slope is 30° and the roof supports a total vertical dead load of 574 Pa and a wind load of 400 Pa acting
normal to the roof.
57. Calculate the maximum bending moment about the strong axis acting on the purlin.
A. 323 N∙m B. 351 N∙m C. 207 N∙m D. 103 N∙m
58. Calculate the total bending stress on the purlin due to biaxial bending.
A. 3.3 MPa B. 4.7MPa C. 3.8 MPa D. 5.1 MPa
59. Calculate the maximum live load a purlin can support if the allowable total bending stress for the timber used is 8 MPa.
A. 284 Pa B. 343 Pa C. 451 Pa D. 568 Pa

SIT: A flooring system consists of parallel I-beam sections spaced at 3 m. on centers with simple spans of 6 m. The beam
supports a 200 mm thick concrete slab of ultimate strength f’c = 21 MPa. The flooring system is designed for a live load of
2400 N/m2 as well as ceiling load of 750 N/m2. The properties of the I=beam sections are: d = 352mm, A = 5750 mm^2, I x
= 0.00012 m^4, W = 440N/m, Fy = 248MPa, E = 200,000 GPa. Use Wt. of concrete = 24 kN/m3
60. Which of the following gives the total uniform load carried by the beam in kN/m?
A. 21.60 B. 23.85 C. 24,29 D. 25.17
61. Which of the following gives the maximum flexural stress on the steel beam considering non-composite action?
A. 142.6 MPa B. 147,81 MPa C. 160.3 MPa D. 166.1 MPa
62. Which of the following gives the maximum flexural stress in MPa on the steel beam considering composite action?
A. 142.6 MPa B. 147.81 C. 160.3 MPa D. 166.1 MPa
SITUATION: A stone has an initial velocity of 100 fps up to the right at 30 o with the horizontal. The components of
acceleration are constant at ax = -4 fps2 and ay = -20 fps2.
63. Compute the time it would take until the stone reaches a point 60 ft. below its original elevation.
a. 6.0 sec c. 7.2 sec
b. 9.0 sec d. 8.4 sec

64. Compute the horizontal distance covered until the stone reaches a point 60 ft. below its original elevation.
a. 179 ft c. 448 ft
b. 806 ft d. 358 ft

65. Compute the velocity of the stone when it reaches 60 ft. below its original elevation.
a. 46.96 fps c. 28.17 fps
b. 93.91 fps d. 84.52 fps
Situation 7 – A project has been bid out by the Department of Public Works and Highways. The approved agency estimate
(AAE) is 500 million pesos. The results of responsive bids are as follows:
Bidder A – P550,234,451.98
Bidder B – P610,345,763.12
Bidder C – P454,218,557.98
Bidder D – P389,122,897.44
Bidder E – P284,758,426.54
The implementing rules and regulations of P.D. 1594 states that no award of contract shall be made to a bidder whose bid
price is higher than the allowable government estimate (AGE) or the Approved Agency Estimate (AAE), whichever is
higher, or lower than 70% of the AGE. The allowable government estimate (AGE) is defined as one half the sum of the
AAE and the average of all responsive bids. For the purposes of determining the average of responsive bids, bids
higher than 120% of the AAE or lower than 60% of the AAE shall not be considered. No negotiation will be allowed to
bring down the bid to the level of the AAE/AGE.
66. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum bid price for the project in pesos.
A. P500,000,000 C. P550,000,000
B. P600,000,000 D. P650,000,000

67. Which of the following most nearly gives the minimum bid price for the project in pesos.
A. P350,000,000 C. P300,000,000
B. P250,000,000 D. P400,000,000

68. Which of the following gives the bidder to which the award can be made.
A. Bidder D C. Bidder A
B. Bidder C D. Bidder E

SITUATION: The implementing rules and regulations of P.D. 1594 states that for a unit price contract, quantity overruns or
underruns of not more than fifteen percent (15%) of the estimates per major pay item (i.e. pay item which represents
at least 20% of the total estimated cost of the contract) and twenty-five percent (25%) per minor pay item in the bill
of quantities need not be covered by a Change Order provided that the same is authorized by the Approving Authority
for the contract.

The quantities and contract prices for a project are as follows:

Quantity Unit Price (pesos)

Item 1 200 750
Item 2 250 700
Item 3 100 850
Item 4 150 800
Item 5 300 450
Item 6 250 500

69. Which of the following gives the total contract price of the project.
A. P790,000 C. P840,000
B. P720,000 D. P910,000

70. Which of the following gives the minimum price of an item in order for it to qualify as a major pay item.
A. P232,000 C. P185,000
B. P158,000 D. P 121,000

71. Which of the following items is considered as a major pay item.

A. Item 3 C. Item 2
B. Item 1 D. Item 4

Situation – Refer to FIG. STCNM 16.023.

Given:
P = 360 kN
a = 0.20 m
b = 0.50 m
Allowable stress, Fvw = 93 MPa

72. Calculate the average vertical force per unit length of weld (N/mm) assuming that distance a is zero.
A. 540 B. 360 C. 720 D. 180

73. Calculate the resultant force per unit length of weld (N/mm) due to the eccentric load P.
A. 936 B. 864 C. 1765 D. 1220

74. If the resultant force per unit length of weld is 750N, find the required weld thickness (mm).
A. 12 B. 11 C. 10 D. 9

75. The breaking off or flaking off of a concrete surface.

A. Cracking C. Spamming
B. Scaling D. Spalling

NSCP PROVISIONS FOR DESIGN AND ANALYSIS FOR SHEAR

Design of cross sections subject to shear shall be based on Vn  Vu
Where Vn = Vc + Vs
Shear strength Vc, provided by concrete for non-prestressed member shall be computed as follows:
SIMPLIFIED CALCULATION
1. For members subject to shear and flexure only,
1
Vc = f ' c bw d
6
2. For members subject to axial compression,
1 N 
Vc =  1 + u  f ' c bw d
6  14 Ag 
Quantity Nu/Ag shall be expressed in MPa

DETAILED CALCULATION
1. For members subject to shear and flexure only,
1 V d
Vc =  f ' c + 120  w u bw d → (11 − 6 )
7 Mu 
but not greater than 0.3 f ' c bw d . Quantity Vud/Mu shall not be taken grated than 1.0, where Mu is factored moment
occurring simultaneously with Vu at section considered.
2. For members subject to axial compression, Eq. 11-6 may be used to compute Vc with Mm substituted for Mu and
Vud/Mm not then limited to 1.0, where
4h − d
M m = M u − Nu . → (11 − 7 )
8
However, Vc shall not be taken greater than
 0.3 N u 
Vc =  0.3 1 +  f ' b d . → (11 − 8)
 Ag  c w
 
Quantity Nu/Ag shall be expressed in MPa. When Mm as computed by Eq. 11-7 is negative, Vc shall be computed by Eq.
11-8.

SPACING OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

Vc
1. When Vu  no stirrups are required
2
Vc 3 Av f y
2. When  Vu  Vc minimum stirrup required with spacing S =
2 bw
Av f y d
3. When Vc  Vu provide stirrups with spacing S=
Vs
d d
Where s when Vs  2Vc or s  when Vs  2Vc
2 4
The value of so shall not exceed 150 m, & not be taken less than 100 mm.
NSCP SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR SEISMIC DESIGN
421.5.4.1 Transverse reinforcement shall be provided unless a large amount is required by Section 421.5.4.2.

1. The volumetric ratio of spiral or circular hoop reinforcement shall not be less than:
f c'  Ag 
 s = 0.12 ( f c
'
fy )  s = 0.45  − 1
f y  Ac 
2. The total cross-sectional area of rectangular hoop reinforcement shall not be less than:
 sh f '  Ag 
Ash = 0.3 c c  − 1 
 f  A
 yh  c 
 shc f c' 
Ash = 0.09 
 f 
 yh 
Where
Ach = cross-sectional area of the column core measured out-to-out of transverse reinforcement
Ash = total cross-sectional area of transverse reinforcement (including crossties) within spacing s and perpendicular
to dimension hc
hc = cross-sectional dimension of column core measured center-to-center of confining reinforcement

421.5.4.2 Transverse reinforcement shall be spaced at a distance not exceeding:

i. One quarter of the minimum member dimension;
ii. Six times the diameter of the smallest longitudinal bar; and
 350 − hx 
iii. so = 100 +  
 3 
The value of so shall not exceed 150 m, & not be taken less than 100 mm.

NSCP PROVISION FOR COMBINED AXIAL AND BENDING

Members subject to both axial compression and bending stresses shall be proportioned to satisfy the following requirements:
fa C mx f bx C my f by
+ +  1 → (1)
Fa  fa   f 
 1 − Fbx  1 − a F
 F' ex   F'  by
 ey 

fa f f by
+ bx + 1 → (2 )
0.6 F y Fbx Fby
fa
When  0.15
Fa
f a f bx f by
+ + 1 → (3 )
Fa Fbx Fby
Where:
Fa = allowable axial compressive stress if axial force alone existed, MPa
Fb = allowable bending stress if bending moment alone existed
12 2 E
F' e =
23(KLb / rb )
2

fa = computed axial compressive stress, MPa

fb = computed bending compressive stress, MPa
Cm = coefficient whose value shall be takes as follows:
• For compression members in frames subject to joint translation (sidesway), Cm = 0.85
• For restrained compression members in frames braced against joint translation and not subject to transverse
M 
loading, C m = 0.6 − 0.4 1   0.4
 M2 
where M1/M2 is the ratio of the smaller to larger moments at the ends on the unbraced length taken as positive when
the member is bent inLATERALLY
reverse curvature, negative when bent in single curvature.
• For compression members in frames braced Lagainstb  L cjoint translation in the plane of loading and subjected to
SUPPORTED
transverse loading between their supports:
o Restrained ends, CPARTIALLY
m = 0.85
o Unrestrained ends, Cm = 1.0 Lu  Lb
SUPPORTED
LATERALLY
NSCP PROVISION FOR FLEXURAL MEMBERS, LATERALLY UNSUPPORTED
Lc  Lb  Lu
UNSUPPORTED
1) For flexural members with compact or non-compact sections and with unbraced length greater than Lc, which is
the smaller of
L c = smaller of 200b f 138,000 A f
,
Lu = larger of Fy dFy
the allowable bending stress in tension is 0.60F y.
2) For suchFbT = 0.60
members Fyan axis of symmetry in, and loaded in the plane of their web, the allowable bending stress
with
in compression is determined as the larger of
00Cb
2 Fy (l/rT )2 
FbC = −  Fy
 3 10.55x106 Cb 
 
And (for I-beams only)
1,170 x103 Cb
FbC = 2
bC
(l rT )
2

(for I-beams only)

83x103 Cb A f
FbC =
ld
(for that
Except CHANNELS
the latter isand I) only to sections with a compression flange that is solid and approximately rectangular
acceptable
and that has an area not less than the tension flange.
I-beams, larger FbC governs)
*(for Where:
• l = distance between cross-sections braced against twist or lateral displacement
of the compression flange, mm. For cantilever braced against twist only at the
support, it may be taken as the actual length.
• rT = radius of gyration of a section comprising the compression flange plus 1/3 of the
compression web area, taken about an axis in the plane of the web, mm.
• Af = area of compression flange, mm2.
C b = 1.75 + 1.05(M1 M2 ) + 0.3(M1 M2 )  2.3
• 2

– where M1 is the smaller and M2 the larger moment at the ends of the unbraced
length, taken about the strong axis of the member.
• M1/M2 is positive for double curvature bending.
• M1/M2 is negative for single curvature bending.
• Cb = 1 for simple and cantilever beam.
STEEL COMPRESSION MEMBERS: ALLOWABLE AXIAL COMPRESSIVE STRESS
2 2 E
Cc =
Fy
Le
If  Cc intermediate column
r
 (Le / r )2  F y
Fa = 1 − 2 
 2C c  FS
5 3(Le / r ) (Le / r )
3

where FS = + − 3
3 8C c 8C c
L
If e  C c long column
r
12 2 E
Fa =
23(Le / r )
2
College of Engineering Education
2nd Floor, BE Building
Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082)296-1084
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/300-0647 Local 133

CE 603- ACHIEVEMENT EXAM C

Instructions:
A. Mark only one answer for each item by shading the box corresponding to the letter of your choice using No. 2 pencil only.
B. Write your solutions on the papers provided.
C. Borrowing of calculator is not allowed.
D. Once the examination has started, you are not allowed to leave the testing area.
E. Once finished, submit the questionnaire and your answer sheet.
F. If you think the correct answer is not in the choices, select letter “e”.
1. Identify the principle used in equations related to the deformation of axially loaded
material: that within the elastic range, it is the constant of proportionality that
defines the linear relationship between stress and strain.
A. Hooke’s Law C.) Poisson’s Ratio
B. Young’s Modulus D.) St. Venant’s Principle
2. A strength test shall be average of the strengths of two cylinders made from the same sample of
concrete and tested at ______ days or at test age designated for determination of f’.
a. 30 days
b. 28 days
c. 20 days
d. 21 days
3. A temporary structure built to exclude earth and water from an excavation so that work may be done
in the dry.
a. Collar beam
b. Cofferdam
c. Abutment
d. Tem-facil
4. Isolated beams, in which the T-shape is used to provide a flange for additional compression area, shall
have an effective
a. 3tw
b. 4tw
c. 6tw
d. 8tw
5. A man can exert a maximum pull of 1000 N but wishes to lift a new stone door for his cave
weighing 20,000 N. If he uses a lever, how much closer must the fulcrum be to the stone than to his
hand?
a. 10 times nearer
b. 20 times farther
c. 10 times farther
d. 20 times nearer
SIT: Given the frame shown in the figure FIG. MECH006.

Page 1 of 12
6. Determine the reaction at B.
A. 450 lb B. 550 lb C. 711 lb D. 770 lb
7. Determine the reaction at D.
A. 550 lb B. 350 lb C. 150 lb D. 570 lb
8. Determine the reaction at A.
A. 450 lb B. 350 lb C. 550 lb D. 570 lb

Situation: The 500-N force F is applied to the vertical pole as shown in FIGURE MEC 6 - 0001.

9. Determine the force vector in terms of the unit vectors i and j.

a. (250i - 433j)
b. (-250i + 433j)
c. (250i+433j)
d. (-250i - 433j)
10. Determine the scalar components of the force vector F along the x’- and y’-axes.
a. Fx’=-500 & Fy’=0
b. Fx’=433 & Fy’=0
c. Fx’=250 & Fy’=0
d. Fx’=500 & Fy’=0
11. Determine the scalar components of F along the x and y’ axes.
a. Fx=-1000 & Fy’=866
b. Fx=-1000 & Fy’=-866
c. Fx=1000 & Fy’=-866
d. Fx=1000 & Fy’=866

Page 2 of 12
SIT: The 20-mm-diameter bolt fastens two wooden planks together as shown in Fig. SOM 132. The nut is
tightened until the tensile stress in the bolt is 150 MPa. The working bearing stress for wood is 13 MPa.

12. Find the smallest diameter of the washers in mm.

A) 70.8 B) 84.3 C) 65.2 D) 78.6
13. Determine the shearing stress in the head of the bolt.
A) 62.5 MPa B) 50.62 MPa C) 42.19 MPa D) 52.08 MPa
14. Determine the bearing stress in the head of the bolt if the width across flats of the hex is 28 mm.
A) 130 MPa B) 135 MPa C) 140 MPa D) 145 MPa
Situation: FIGURE SMAT 1- 0001 shows the arrangement of three bars with the given properties: Aalum =
600mm2, Asteel = 500mm2, Ealum = 70 GPa, Esteel = 200 GPa

15. Determine the stress (MPa) of steel bar.

a. 80.5
b. 250
c. 327
d. 150
16. Determine the deformation (mm) of aluminum bar.
a. 80.5
b. 250
c. 327
d. 150
17. If Palum = 50KN, Psteel = 160KN, what is the maximum safe value of P (KN)?
a. 237
b. 260
c. 220
d. 303
18. In physics, work is defined in terms of the force acting through a distance. The rate at which the
work is done is called:
A. force
Page 3 of 12
B. energy
C. power
D. momentum
19. The point through which the resultant of the disturbed gravity force passes regardless of the
orientation of the body in space is called:
A. center of inertia
B. center of gravity
C. center of attraction
D. moment of inertia
20. The specific gravity of the substance is the ratio of the density of the substance to the density of
water. Another term for specific gravity is:
A. specific weight
B. unit weight
C. relative density
D. density

Situation: A simply supported beam 10 m long has an overhang of 2m at the left support. If a highway uniform
load of 9.35kN/m and a concentrated load of 116 kN, passes thru the beam, compute the following based
on influence line for maximum shear at mid span.
21. Determine the length of the beam where the uniform load will be placed to produce maximum
positive shear at the mid span.
a. 5 m
b. 10 m
c. 14 m
d. 7 m
22. Determine the length of the beam where the uniform load could produce maximum positive moment
at the mid span.
a. 5 m
b. 10 m
c. 14 m
d. 7 m
23. Determine the maximum positive shear.
a. 44.44 kN
b. 74.36 kN
c. 69.70 kN
d. 71.56 kN
Situation: A 12m simply supported beam is provided by additional supports at middle thirds. The beam has a
width of b= 300mm and a total depth h = 450mm. It is reinforced with 4- 28mmϕ at the tension side
and 2-28mmϕ at the compression side with 70mm cover to centroid of reinforcements. fc’ = 30 MPa, fy
= 415 MPa. Use balanced steel ratio =0.031.
24. Determine the depth (mm)of compression block.
a. 66.81
b. 133.61
c. 95.55
d. 158.24
25. Determine the nominal bending moment(KN-m).
a. 295
b. 380
c. 288
d. 228

Page 4 of 12
26. Determine the total factored uniform load (KN/m) including the beam’s weight considering moment
capacity reduction of 0.90.
a. 238
b. 185
c. 143
d. 180
SIT: A concrete floor system consists of parallel T beams spaced at 3 m on centers and spanning 9.6 m
between simple supports. The 150 mm thick slab is cast monolithically with T beam webs having
width 350 mm and total depth, measured from the top of the slab, of 700 mm. The effective depth
will be taken 75 mm less than the total depth. In addition to its own weight, each T beam must carry
a superimposed dead load of 2.4 kPa and service live load of 10.77 kPa with material properties γc =
24 kN/m3, f’c = 27 MPa and fy = 415 MPa.
27. Determine the total factored load each T beam must carry in kN/m.
A. 65.007 B. 49.977 C. 86.595 D. 70.570
28. Determine the effective flange width of each T beam required by NSCP in mm.
A. 2,750 B. 2,100 C. 2,650 D. 2,400
29. Determine required steel reinforcement to sustain the maximum positive bending moment in
mm2.
A. 4,390 B. 3,560 C. 4,220 D. 5,540

SIT: A one-way slab is designed to carry a live load of 4.8 kPa and an estimated total dead load of 3.35 kPa.
The slab is simply supported over 3.7 m clear span. Given f’c = 21 Mpa and fy = 275 MPa and bar
diameter for flexure is 12 mm.
30. Calculate the ultimate shear stress in MPa at the critical section for shear if the thickness of the
slab is 100 mm.
A. 0.37 B. 0.43 C. 0.31 D. 0.56
31. Calculate the center to center spacing of 12 mm bars for flexure if thickness of slab is 120 mm.
A. 100 mm B. 80 mm C. 120 mm D. 90 mm
Situation: Refer to FIGURE RC 2 – 0001. An irregular shape column shown is used for a residential building
intended to be flashed to the 200 mm walls (with plasters both sides). The column is 3.5 m high partially
unrestrained (k = 0.70) with end moments acting on the weaker axis. The ultimate end moment at the
top is 50 kN-m counterclockwise and ultimate end moment at the bottom is 80 kN-m clockwise. The
column is reinforced with Φ20mm as shown. The concrete strength used is 20.7 MPa and yield strength
of the reinforcement is 275 MPa. Using NSCP 2001 Specifications

32. Determine the critical slenderness ratio of the column

a. 16.04
b. 19.12
c. 23.54
d. 25.7
33. Which of the following assessment to the given column?
I. The column is to be analyzed as axially loaded considering the strong axis
Page 5 of 12
II. The column is to be analyzed as eccentrically loaded considering the strong axis
III. The column is to be analyzed as axially loaded considering the weaker axis
IV. The column is to be analyzed as eccentrically loaded considering the weaker axis
V. The reinforcement complies with the minimum requirement
a. I and III
b. II and IV
c. I, III and V
d. II, IV and V
34. Determine the ultimate axial capacity (kN) of the column
a. 2029.4
b. 2060.3
c. 2899.10
d. 2943.3

SIT: A rectangular beam having b = 300 mm, h = 620 mm and d = 550 mm spans 6-m
face-to-face of simple supports. It is reinforced for flexure with 3-φ36 mm bars that
continue uninterrupted to the ends of the span. It is to carry service dead load DL = 24
kN/m (including self weight) and service live load LL = 47 kN/m, both uniformly
distributed along the span. Material strengths are f’c = 28 MPa and fy = 415 MPa.

35. Determine the nominal concrete shear strength using simplified computation.
A. 145.52 kN B. 164.04 kN C. 123.69 kN D. 139.43 kN
36. Determine the nominal concrete shear strength using the more detailed
computation.
A. 140.44 kN B. 171.79 kN C. 165.22 kN D. 146.02 kN
37. If the beam will be subjected to a factored axial compression load of 588 kN in
addition to the loads described earlier determine the nominal concrete shear
strength using more detailed computation.
A. 408.10 kN B. 261.93 kN C. 365.61 kN D. 346.89 kN

SIT: A concrete floor slab 75 mm thick is cast monolithic with concrete beams 2.0 m on
centers. The beams have a span of 4 m and have a web width of 250 mm, an effective
depth of 400 mm and overall depth of 500 mm. The tensile reinforcement consists of 6-
ϕ32 mm bars in two rows. Use material strengths f’c = 30 MPa and fy = 415 MPa.
38. Calculate the effective flange width in mm of typical interior T-beam of the
monolithic floor .
A) 2000 B) 1450 C) 1000 D) 750
39. Calculate the depth of the compression stress block in mm from the top of the
beam at its full nominal strength.
A) 314.13 B) 59.12 C) 119.13 D) 89.13
40. Calculate the nominal bending moment strength of the T-beam in kN·m.
A) 721 B) 649 C) 778 D) 700

Page 6 of 12
SIT: The superstructure of a bridge is concrete slab deck 150 mm thick. The deck is supported by wide
flange steel beams, 1.5 m apart, rigidly connected to the slab by shear connectors. It is simply
supported on a span of 25 m. Each steel beam is subjected to the following loads:
DL = 12 kN/m (total)
LL = 17.8 kN front wheel, 71.2 kN rear wheel
Distance between wheel loads = 4.27 m
Impact on live load is 15/(L+37), with a maximum of 30%
Properties of W830x175
A = 22387 mm^2
bf = 290 mm
d = 835 mm
Ix = 2500x10^6 mm^4
Iy = 78 x10^6 mm^4
tf = 19 mm tw = 14 mm
41. Calculate the maximum flexural stress in MPa in the steel beam composite with the concrete slab
due to dead load.
A) 127.97 B) 117.68 C) 141.45 D) 138.24
42. Calculate the maximum flexural stress in MPa in the steel beam composite with the concrete slab
due to live load plus impact.
A. 80.66 B. 78.05 C. 56.97 D. 85.96
43. Calculate the maximum web shear stress in MPa in the beam.
A. 14.67 B. 22.02 C. 16.23 D. 10.81

SIT: The beam in Fig. MSM 4.011 is fabricated by attaching a C180x14.6 channel to a W250x17.9 shape
with 15-mm-dia rivets. The maximum shear force in the beam is 65 kN. Given properties:
C180x14.6: A = 1850 mm^2; d = 178 mm; xcg= 13.8 mm
Iy = 0.405x10^6 mm^4; tw = 5.3 mm; tf = 9.3 mm
W250x17.9: A = 2270 mm^2; d = 251 mm; Ix = 22.4x10^6 mm^4
tw = 4.8 mm; tf = 5.3 mm

44. Find the maximum allowable spacing (mm) of the rivets if the working stress for a rivet is 100
MPa in shear.
A) 140 B) 160 C) 180 D) 200
45. What is the corresponding maximum bearing stress (MPa) exerted by the rivets?
Page 7 of 12
A) 245 B) 127 C) 222 D) 186
46. If the rivets are spaced 100 mm on centers, calculate the resulting bearing stress (MPa) in the
members connected.
A) 132 B) 138 C) 144 D) 150
SIT: A W920x342 shape is used as a girder AE in Fig. SMM 10.10. It supports the floor for a typical interior
bay in a small industrial building. The floor will be a 150 mm reinforced concrete slab. Design live load
is 7.2 kPa and dead load is 0.95 kPa (partitions and ceilings). Assume full lateral support for the girders
only where the beams are connected to them. Use A36 steel.
Fy = 250 MPa S = 2.7 m
Fb = 0.66Fy L = 10.8 m
Properties of W920x342
A = 43600 mm2 Sx = 13700 x 10^3 mm^3
d = 912 mm Ix = 6250 x 10^6 mm^4
bf = 418 mm tw = 19.3 mm tf = 32 mm
S S S
A B C D

E F G H
47. Determine the ratio of actual to allowable bending stress of the girder, assuming it is simply
supported and neglecting the weight of the girder.
A) 0.325 B) 0.204 C) 0.102 D) 0.417
48. Determine the maximum shearing stress (MPa) in the girder.
A) 12.67 B) 4.87 C) 9.73 D) 10.85
49. Determine the total axial load (kN) in column A.
A) 257 B) 171 C) 342 D) 514
Situation: A typical T-section results from the monolithic construction of the slab and its supporting beams.
Effective flange width bf = 1000 mm
Slab thickness t = 100 mm
Web width bw = 30 mm
Total depth below the slab h = 400 mm
Top reinforcement 3 – ø20 mm
Bottom reinforcement 6 – ø20 mm
F’c = 27 MPa
Fy = 415 MPa
Concrete cover to the centroid of top reinforcements = 80 mm
Concrete cover to the centroid of bot reinforcements = 70 mm
Balanced Steel Ratio ρb = 0.028
Using the strength design method…
Page 8 of 12
50. Determine the nominal bending strength for positive bending in kN·m.
a. 304.5
b. 260.6
c. 321.7
d. 290.7
51. Find the nominal bending strength for negative bending in kN·m.
a. 270.1
b. 137.8
c. 243.1
d. 264.2
52. What is the resulting nominal shear stress in the beam if the factored shear force Vu = 180 kN.
a. 1.26 MPa
b. 1.14 MPa
c. 1.64 MPa
d. 1.34 MPa
Situation: The built-up section shown in FIGURE STL 2 – 0001 is fabricated by bolting two (2) cover plates
with dimensions: b = 450mm and t = 35 mm into the flanges of a W44X230 steel section using 28mmØ
bolts.

Properties of the W44X230:

A = 43,700 mm² bf = 401 mm
J = 10,400x10³ mm4 tf = 31 mm
Ix = 8,660x106 mm4 d = 1090 mm
6 4
Iy = 331x10 mm tw = 18 mm
Fy = 248 MPa

Allowable shearing stress of the bolts = 150 MPa

Allowable bearing stress of the bolts = 250 MPa

The section is used to carry a maximum moment of M = 2000 kN-m and maximum vertical shear V = 400 kN.

53. Determine the moment of inertia of the section about the elastic neutral axis, in 106 mm4.
a. 9967
b. 8663
c. 15420
d. 18630
54. Determine the maximum flexural stress in the section, in MPa.
a. 54
b. 62
c. 86
d. 132
55. Determine the required pitch for the 28mmØ bolts connecting the cover plates to the flanges of the section,
in mm.
a. 950
b. 2000
c. 1200
d. 1650

Page 9 of 12
SIT: The tension member is an L150 mm x 80 mm x 8 mm. It is connected to an 8 mm
thick gusset plate with 20 mm diameter A325 bolts. Hole diameter h = 22 mm. Both
the tension member and the gusset plate are of A36 steel. Use Fy = 248 MPa, Fu = 400
MPa. Allowable shear stress in bolts is Fv = 165 MPa. Spacing are all in mm.

40 90 90 40

55
65

56. Calculate the service load in kN that can be supported based on bolt shear.
A. 311 B. 280 C. 622 D. 560
57. Calculate the service load in kN that can be supported based on bearing.
A. 334 B. 376 C. 418 D. 460
58. Calculate the service load in kN that can be supported based on block shear.
A. 406 B. 385 C. 257 D. 227

Situation: A square footing 0.70 m thick, 2.5 m wide along the y-axis and 2.5 m long along the x-axis, supports
a 0.40m x 0.40m square column that is subjected to the following loads
DL=500 kN
LL= 1000 kN
Height of the backfill on top of the footing = 1.5 m
Concrete unit weight = 24 kN/m3
Soil Unit weight = 17 kN/m3
fc’=20.7 MPa, fy=413.7 MPa

59. Find the required soil bearing capacity

a. 282.3 kPa
b. 258.8 kPa
c. 293.7 kPa
d. 269.4 kPa
60. What is the shear force at critical section for beam shear?
a. 458.42 kN
b. 431.04 kN
c. 415.93 kN
d. 425.37 kN
61. Number of 16 mm Ø bottom bars required.
a. 26 pcs
b. 28 pcs
c. 22 pcs
d. 24 pcs
62. Supports the weight of the structure and its applied loads.
Page 10 of 12
A. Column
B. Foundation
C. Load Bearing Wall
D. All the above
63. This type of footing is adopted when the space between two columns is so small that the foundation
for individual columns will overlap.
A. Isolated Footing
B. Combined Footing
C. Strap Footing
D. Strip Footing
64. A slender, structural member consisting steel or concrete or timber.
A. Pile Foundation
B. Deep Foundation
C. Slope Foundation
D. Braced Foundation
SIT: Two pieces of 75mm x 400mm Yakal members under tension are connected together by means of a
lap splice with 9pcs of 25mm dia. bolts as shown in Fig. SDTD 2.001. The working stresses for 80%
visually stress-graded unseasoned Yakal are as follows:
Bending and tension parallel to grain = 24.5 MPa
Compression parallel to grain = 15.8 MPa
Compression perpendicular to grain = 6.27 MPa
Shear parallel to grain = 2.48 MPa

65. Determine the net area of a timber member in mm2. Consider hole diameter to be 2mm larger
than the bolt diameter.
A) 23,925 B) 24,375 C) 24,847 D) 25,582
66. Determine the safe value of P considering the net area of the timber member.
A) 378 kN B) 385 kN C) 597 kN D) 586 kN
67. Determine the safe value of P considering the bearing of the bolts on the timber.
A) 266 kN B) 288 kN C) 413 kN D) 446 kN

Situation: A timber joist 40 mm x 190 mm (dressed dimensions) spaced at 0.3 m. on centers, carries a floor
dead load of 2.4 KPa and a floor live load of 1.9 kPa. The joist is supported by the fixed girders 3 m
apart. Two trial lengths of joist are used. L = 3 m. and L = 3.5 m. EI is constant throughout the span.
68. Compute the maximum flexural stress when L = 3 m.
a. 4.49 MPa
b. 6.03 MPa
c. 20.10 MPa
d. 9.24 MPa
Page 11 of 12
69. What is the maximum flexural stress when L = 3.5 m.
a. 5.70 MPa
b. 6.11 MPa
c. 27.36 MPa
d. 12.57 MPa
70. What is the maximum shear stress when L = 3 m.
a. 0.38 MPa
b. 1.27 MPa
c. 0.14 MPa
d. 0.21 MPa
71. It is often regarded as the fourth utility, after electricity, natural gas and water.
A. Water Systems
B. Power Generator
C. Converter
D. Compressed Air
72. A system of engineered hydrologic and hydraulic components which provide water supply.
A. Water Supply System
B. Water Supply Network
C. Both A and B
D. None of the above
73. Average life of a Compressed Air System
A. 8 – 13 years
B. 10 – 15 years
C. 12 – 17 years
D. 11 – 16 years
74. It is recommended that your compressed air system be professionally serviced at least ____.
A. Monthly
B. Annually
C. Quarterly
D. Semi – Annually
75. A sector of national economy engaged in preparation of land and construction, alteration, and repairs of
building structures.
A. Construction Industry
B. Construction Corporation
C. Construction Economy
D. Construction Management

Page 12 of 12
College of Engineering Education
2nd Floor, BE Building
Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082)296-1084
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/300-0647 Local 133

CE 603- ACHIEVEMENT EXAM C

Instructions:
A. Mark only one answer for each item by shading the box corresponding to the letter of your choice using No. 2 pencil
only.
B. Write your solutions on the papers provided.
C. Borrowing of calculator is not allowed.
D. Once the examination has started, you are not allowed to leave the testing area.
E. Once finished, submit the questionnaire and your answer sheet.
F. If you think the correct answer is not in the choices, select letter “e”.

SIT. A: A 300 mm thick footing slab supports a 300 mm thick wall carrying uniform service dead load of 214.31
kN/m and service live load of 145.94 kN/m. The base of the wall footing slab is 1.2 m from the ground surface. Design
parameters are as follows: γsoil = 16 kN/m3, γconcl = 24 kN/m3, qa = 215.46 kPa, f’c = 27 MPa and fy = 414 MPa.
1) Calculate the minimum required width of the wall footing slab.
A.) 1.9 m B.) 2.0 m C.) 1.8 m D.) 1.7 m
2) Calculate the required center to center spacing of 16 mm bars for flexure.
A.) 160 mm B.) 170 mm C.) 180 mm D.) 190 mm
3) Calculate the nominal beam shear stress on the footing slab.
A.) 1.25 MPa B.) 0.91 MPa C.) 0.87 MPa D.) 0.77 MPa
SIT. B: A simply supported beam 10 m long has an overhang of 2m at the left support. If a highway uniform load
of 9.35kN/m and a concentrated load of 116 kN, passes thru the beam, compute the following based on influence line for
maximum shear at mid span.
4) Determine the length of the beam where the uniform load will be placed to produce maximum positive shear at
the mid span.
A.) 7 m B.) 5 m C.) 10 m D.) 6 m
5) Determine the length of the beam where the uniform load could produce maximum positive moment at the mid
span.
A.) 7 m B.) 5 m C.) 10 m D.) 6 m
6) Determine the maximum positive shear.
A.) 44.44 kN B.) 74.36 kN C.) 69.70 kN D.) 71.56 kN

SIT. C: Reinforced concrete beams 300 mm wide and 500 mm deep below the slabs are spaced 2.5 m on centers.
The beams support a slab 100 mm thick carrying superimposed dead load of 3 kPa and live load of 4.8 kPa. In the typical
frame shown below, columns E and H are removed so that girder BEHK supports beams DEF at E and GHI at H. Concrete
weighs 24 kN/m3
6m 6m
B C
A
2.5 m
D E F

2.5 m
G H I

2.5 m
J K L
7) Calculate the factored load in kN at E induced by beam DE.
A.) 272.77 B.) 266.04 C.) 235.80 D.) 189.72
8) Calculate the maximum negative ultimate moment in kN-m of beam DE. Assume full fixity at column supports.
A.) 133.02 B.) 199.53 C.) 467.02 D.) 537.90
9) Calculate the maximum positive ultimate moment in kN-m of girder BK
A.) 221.70 B.) 268.95 C.) 233.24 D.) 239.42
A two-story school building has interior columns that are spaced 4.6-m apart in two perpendicular directions. The live load
on the flat roof is estimated to be 1.9 kPa and the typical floor supports 2.4 kPa.
NSCP PROVISIONS FOR ALTERNATE FLOOR LIVE LOAD REDUCTION
Live loads may be reduced on any member, including flat slabs, having an influence area of 37.2 m^2 or more. The reduced
live load is:
  1 
L = LO 0.25 + 4.57 
  A 
 I 
Where AI = influence area in m^2. The influence area is four times the tributary area for a column, two times the tributary
area for a beam, equal to the panel area for a two way slab, and equal to the product of the span and the full flange
width for a precast T beam.
L = the reduced live load per square meter of area supported by the member
Lo = unreduced design live load per square meter of area supported by the member
The reduced live load shall not be less than 50% of the unit live load for members receiving load from one level only, nor
less than 40% of the unit live load for other members.
10) Determine the reduced live load supported by a typical interior column at the ground floor level.
A.) 60 kN B.) 68 kN C.) 72 kN D.) 76 kN
SIT. D: A solid shaft 100 mm in diameter is subjected to an axial compressive force of 7.5 kN∙m and to a torque that
twists the shaft through an angle of 1.5 in a length of 8 m. G= 80 GPa,
11) Compute the applied torque on the shaft.
A) 2.57 kNm B) 1.47 kNm C) 8.42 kNm D) 5.14 kNm
12) Compute the maximum principal stress in the shaft.
A) 76.39 MPa B) 26.18 MPa C) 78.58 MPa D) 38.19 MPa
13) Calculate the maximum in-plane shearing stress in the shaft.
A) 77.50 MPa B) 40.40 MPa C) 30.56 MPa D) 13.09 MPa
SIT. E: A W300x79 of A573 Grade 60 (Fy = 415 MPa) steel is used as a column in a sway frame about x-axis. It is
7 m long, pin connected at the top and fixed to the foundation at the bottom. The weak direction is braced at midspan
about the y-axis and prevented against sway. Use kx = 1.2 and ky = 1.0
Properties of the section are:
A = 14,500 mm2, d = 300 mm Ix = 258.6 x 106 mm4, Iy = 84.375 x 106 mm4
Column loads are as follows:
P = 1500 kN
Moment at the top, Mx = 0, My = 0
Moment at the bottom, Mx = 100 kN·m, My = 0
Allowable stresses in bending:
Fbx = 0.6Fy, Fby = 0.75Fy
14) Calculate the allowable axial stress in MPa.
A) 201.68 B) 175.31 C) 166.24 D) 135.76
15) Calculate the moment magnification factor about x-axis.
A) 0.85 B) 1.08 C) 1.25 D) 1.41
16) Calculate the value of the interaction formula as per NSCP provisions.
A) 0.92 B) 0.84 C) 0.76 D) 0.59

17. The NSCP requires consideration of T-section for design of beams of monolithic floors in positive bending. Which of
the following are correct requirements for an interior beam?
A) The overhanging effective flange width on each side of the beam shall not exceed one-twelfth of the beam
span, nor one-half of the clear distance to the next web, nor six times the slab thickness.
B) The overhanging effective flange width on each side of the beam shall not exceed one-half of the clear
distance to the next web, nor six times the slab thickness, nor the effective flange width shall not exceed
one-fourth of the beam span.
C) The overhanging effective flange width on each side of the beam shall not exceed one-half of the clear
distance to the next web, nor eight times the slab thickness, nor the effective flange width shall not exceed
one-fourth of the beam span.
D) The overhanging effective flange width shall not exceed six times the slab thickness, nor the effective
flange width shall not exceed one-fourth of the beam span, nor the center to center distance between
beams.
18. A rectangular beam having b = 300 mm, h = 620 mm and d = 550 mm spans 6-m face-to-face of simple supports. It is
to carry service dead load DL = 14 kN/m (including self weight) and service live load LL = 25 kN/m, both uniformly
distributed along the span. Material strengths are f’c = 28 MPa and fy = 415 MPa.
Determine the spacing of 10 mm stirrups required at a section of minimum shear force.
A) 430 mm B) 250 mm C) 325 mm D) 275 mm

SIT. F: A beam cross-section 300 mm wide, 680 mm deep is reinforced for tension at the bottom with 8-ϕ25 mm
bars with effective depth 590 mm. Use f’c = 21 MPa and fy = 415 MPa. bal = 0.021
19. Determine the mode of failure of the beam based on its steel ratio.
A) steel yields before concrete crushes C) steel yields same time as concrete crushes
B) concrete crushes before steel yields D) balanced failure
20. Determine the depth of stress block.
A) 304.33 mm B) 298.71 mm C) 258.05 mm D) 253.90 mm
21. Determine the nominal moment capacity (kN∙m) of the beam.
A) 714 B) 634 C) 704 D) 642

SIT. G: Two plates, each 11 mm thick, are bolted together form a lapped tension member as shown in the figure
below. Diameter of bolts are 18 mm and the plate material is A36 steel with F y = 250 MPa and Fu = 400 MPa. Assume the
fasteners are adequate and do not control the tensile capacity. Diameter of hole is 3 mm bigger than the diameter of bolt.
22. Determine the tensile capacity of the lapped joint based on gross area.
A) 577.5 kN B) 412.5 kN C) 770.0 kN D) 495.0 kN
23. Determine the tensile capacity of the lapped joint based on net area.
A) 457.6 kN B) 651.2 kN C) 631.4 kN D) 562.2 kN

24. Determine the tensile capacity of the lapped joint based on block shear strength.
A) 594 kN B) 704 kN C) 530 kN D) 802 Kn
5.5 m 6m 5.5 m
B C D
A
2.5 m
E F G H

2.5 m
I J H L

2.5 m
M N O P

ACI MOMENT COEFFICIENTS

POSITIVE MOMENT = Cwuln2 C
End spans
Discontinuous end unrestrained……… 1/11
Discontinuous end integral with support 1/14
Interior spans……………………………… 1/16
NEGATIVE MOMENT = Cwuln2
At exterior face of first interior support
Two spans…………………………………………… 1/9
More than two spans………………………….. 1/10
At other faces of interior supports…………… 1/11
At face of all supports for slabs with spans not exceeding 3 meters; and beams where ratio of sum
of column stiffness to beam stiffness exceeds eight at each end of the span……………………………
At interior face of exterior support for members built integrally with supports: 1/12
Where support is a spandrel beam…………………
Where support is a column………………………… 1/24
1/16
SHEAR
At face of first interior support …………………… 1.15 wuln/2
At face of all other supports …………………………. wuln/2
Where C = coefficient
wu = factored load
ln = CLEAR span for +M and V;
= AVERAGE adjacent CLEAR span for –M
SIT. H: A monolithic floor framing plan is shown in the figure RCD02. The columns are 400 mm x 400 mm,
girders are 300 mm wide and 600 mm deep and slabs are 100 mm thick. The floor supports a superimposed service dead
load of 9.384 kPa and service live load of 6 kPa. ACI Moment Coefficients are given below.
25. Calculate the factored positive moment in kN·m for slab MIJN.
A) 11.92 B) 9.23 C) 8.08 D) 15.17
26. Calculate the required shear at F.
A) 185 B) 193 C) 176 D) 168
27. Calculate the factored negative moment kN·m F for girder EF.
A) 171.74 B) 156.12 C) 141.87 D) 150.34
SIT. I: A short circular column 600 mm in diameter is reinforced with 6-ϕ28 mm bars equally spaced confined with 12
mm spiral bar. Concrete cover of outermost reinforcement is 50 mm. Use f’c = 21 MPa and fy = 415 MPa.
28. Calculate the ultimate axial load the column can carry.
A. 3,170 kN B. 2,784 kN C. 3,730 kN D. 4,152 kN
29. Calculate the required pitch or spacing (mm) of the spiral reinforcement.
A. 80 B. 100 C. 130 D. 50

SIT: The cylindrical plate is subjected to the three cable forces which are concurrent at point D.
30. Determine the magnitude of the resultant force at Dalong the y-direction.
A. 174 N B. 301 N C. 372 N D. 481 N
SIT: A stepped shaft ACB having solid circular cross sections with two different diameters is held against rotation at the ends
(see figure on the next page). The allowable shear stress in the shaft is 43 MPa
31. What is the maximum torque T0 in N·m that may be applied at section C?
A. 150 B. 99 C. 199 D. 140
32. What is the reaction at the left end N·m?
A. 131.92 B. 108 C. 82.45 D. 67.54
33. What is the reaction at the right end in N·m?
A. 131.92 B. 108 C. 82.45 D. 67.54

SIT: A retaining wall 5 ft high is constructed of horizontal wood planks 3 in. thick (actual dimension) that are supported by
vertical wood piles of 12 in. diameter (actual dimension), as shown in the figure. The allowable stress in the wood is 1200
psi.
34. Calculate the maximum permissible spacing s of the piles.
A. 68” B. 72” C. 85” D. 100”
SIT: The wooden pile shown in figure has a diameter of 100 mm and is subjected to a load of P = 75 kN. Along the length of
the pile and around its perimeter, soil supplies a constant frictional resistance of w = 3.70 kN/m. The length of the pile is L
= 5 m and its elastic modulus is E = 8.3 GPa. Calculate the following:
35. The bearing force FB in kN required at the base tip of the pile for equilibrium.
A. 56.50 B. 69.19 C. 63.38 D. 73.15
36. The magnitude of the downward displacement in mm of A relative to B.
A. 5.31 B. 5.75 C. 4.86 D. 6.253

P
A

B
FB
SIT: A simply supported beam is reinforced as shown in the figure above. With material strengths f’ c = 21 MPa, long bar fy =
415 MPa and stirrup bar fy = 275 MPa, and load factors 1.4 for dead load and 1.7 for live load combination, calculate the
following:
37. Design strength of the beam section against bending in kN·m.
A. 658 B. 592 C. 492 D. 546
38. Spacing of 10-mm stirrups at the critical section for shear in mm.
A. 260 B. 140 C. 160 D. 100
39. Location of section from the left support where stirrups are no longer required.
A. 2.48 m B. 2.38 m C. Stirrups are required D. 3.35 m
throughout

SIT: A floor slab 100 mm thick is cast monolithically with beams 300 mm wide 610 mm deep spaced 1.2 m on centers, on
simple supports over a span of 6.5 m. The floor supports a superimposed service dead load of 1.85 kPa and service live load
of 4.8 kPa. Using f’c = 21 MPa, long bar fy = 415 MPa, calculate the following:
40. Factored uniform load on a typical interior beam in kN/m using load factors of 1.2 for dead load and 1.6 for live load.
A. 19.01 B. 19.74 C. 15.34 D. 12.78
41. Effective flange width of a typical interior beam in mm.
A. 1,625 B. 1,750 C. 1,200 D. 1,466
42. Required amount of flexure bars for a typical interior beam in positive bending.
A. 512 mm2 B. 556 mm2 C. 660 mm2 D. 527 mm2
SIT: The dimensions of a rectangular beam are limited to b = 300 mm and effective depth, d = 700 mm. Using f’c = 28 MPa,
long bar fy = 415 MPa, calculate the following for a factored bending moment of 1500 kN·:
43. Maximum steel ratio limiting the tensile strain to 0.004.
A. 0.01828 B. 0.02089 C. 0.021611 D. 0.0162
44. Required amount of tensile reinforcement using a tensile strain of 0.005.
A. 3839 mm2 B. 9478 mm2 C. 6775 mm2 D. 6628 mm2
45. Required amount of compression reinforcement.
A. 2789 mm2 B. 2388 mm2 C. 2178 mm2 D. 3035mm2
SIT: In the connection shown in the figure FIG. F, 𝐴502 − 𝐼 bearing type bolts with threads in shear are used with 12 𝑚𝑚
diameter. Allowable shear stress is 𝐹𝑣 = 120 𝑀𝑃𝑎. Allowable bearing stress is 480 MPa and allowable tensile stress is
150 𝑀𝑃𝑎. Assume the service load passes through the centroid of the rivet group.

46. Determine the required number of bolts following the given arrangement if 𝑃 = 200 𝑘𝑁.
A. 12 B. 14 C. 13 D. 15
SIT: Six tie rods are supporting a circular heavy torus of diameter 2 m. from an overhead point. If the torus weighs 2.5 kN/m
and the attachment point is 3 m. above it, determine the following:

47. Find the tension in each tie rod.

A. 7.855 kN B. 8.28 kN C. 2.76 kN D. 1.38 kN
48. What is the required diameter of the tie rod that will not exceed the allowable stress of 124 MPa.
A. 6 mm B. 9.22 mm C. 3.76 mm D. 9 mm
49. If the wire is 10 mm in diameter, find the vertical displacement of the torus.
A. 0.527 mm B. 0.625 mm C. 0.586 mm D. 0.428 mm
SIT: Reinforced concrete beams DF, BE and EH are 300 mm wide and 600 mm deep spaced 2.5 m on centers. The beams
support a monolithic slab 100 mm thick carrying superimposed dead load of 2 kPa and live load of 4.8 kPa. Concrete weighs
24 kN/m3. f’c = 21 MPa, fy = 415 MPa. Assume bar centroid of tensile reinforcement to be 70 mm from edge of beam.
6m 6m
G
A
D
2.5 m
E H
B

2.5 m
F I
C
50. Calculate total factored load supported by beam BE in kN/m.
A. 35.80 B. 39.83 C. 40.84 D. 41.85
51. Calculate the maximum negative ultimate moment on beam BEH assuming simple supports at B, E & H.
A. 183.78 kN.m B. 147.02 kN.m C. 103.38 kN.m D. 122.52 kN.m
52. Calculate the maximum positive ultimate moment on beam BEH assuming simple supports at B, E & H.
A. 183.78 kN.m B. 147.02 kN.m C. 103.38 kN.m D. 122.52 kN.m
SIT: A W350x82 column (bf = 250 mm, d = 350 mm) carries a factored axial load of 1,632 kN. It bears on a steel base plate
500 mm x 600 mm on a square footing 2.4 m x 2.4 m x 450 mm. Concrete cover to bar centroid of steel reinforcement for
bending = 100 mm. Critical section for shear is defined at distance “d” for one way shear and distance “d/2” for two way
shear, from midway of column face and edge of base plate.
53. Calculate the ultimate beam shear stress in MPa at critical section.
A. 0.54 B. 0.82 C. 0.76 D. 0.65
54. Calculate the ultimate punching shear stress in MPa at critical section.
A. 1.35 B. 1.53 C. 1.41 D. 1.08
55. Calculate the maximum ultimate banding moment in kN·m on the footing slab if the critical section for bending is
midway of column face and edge of base plate.
A. 242.67 B. 348.21 C. 366.14 D. 233.26
SIT: A hallow pole weighing 150 N/m is 3 m high, 6 mm thick and has an outside diameter of 300 mm. The pole is fixed at
the base and is subjected to a compressive force of 3 kN acting at an eccentricity of 100 mm from its centroid and a lateral
force of 0.45 kN applied at the top.
56. Calculate the max. tensile stress at the base of the pole.
A. 2.58 MPa B. 4.75 MPa C. 3.51 MPa D. 5.21 MPa
3 kN
0.45 kN

SIT: Timber purlins, 50 mm x 125 mm, spaced 0.5 m along the roof slope are supported on rafters 2.4 m on centers. The
angle of the roof slope is 30° and the roof supports a total vertical dead load of 574 Pa and a wind load of 400 Pa acting
normal to the roof.
57. Calculate the maximum bending moment about the strong axis acting on the purlin.
A. 323 N∙m B. 351 N∙m C. 207 N∙m D. 103 N∙m
58. Calculate the total bending stress on the purlin due to biaxial bending.
A. 3.3 MPa B. 4.7MPa C. 3.8 MPa D. 5.1 MPa
59. Calculate the maximum live load a purlin can support if the allowable total bending stress for the timber used is 8 MPa.
A. 284 Pa B. 343 Pa C. 451 Pa D. 568 Pa
SIT: A flooring system consists of parallel I-beam sections spaced at 3 m. on centers with simple spans of 6 m. The beam
supports a 200 mm thick concrete slab of ultimate strength f’c = 21 MPa. The flooring system is designed for a live load of
2400 N/m2 as well as ceiling load of 750 N/m2. The properties of the I=beam sections are: d = 352mm, A = 5750 mm^2, I x
= 0.00012 m^4, W = 440N/m, Fy = 248MPa, E = 200,000 GPa. Use Wt. of concrete = 24 kN/m3
60. Which of the following gives the total uniform load carried by the beam in kN/m?
A. 21.60 B. 23.85 C. 24,29 D. 25.17
61. Which of the following gives the maximum flexural stress on the steel beam considering non-composite action?
A. 142.6 MPa B. 147,81 MPa C. 160.3 MPa D. 166.1 MPa
62. Which of the following gives the maximum flexural stress in MPa on the steel beam considering composite action?
A. 142.6 MPa B. 147.81 C. 160.3 MPa D. 166.1 MPa

SITUATION: A stone has an initial velocity of 100 fps up to the right at 30 o with the horizontal. The components of
acceleration are constant at ax = -4 fps2 and ay = -20 fps2.
63. Compute the time it would take until the stone reaches a point 60 ft. below its original elevation.
a. 6.0 sec c. 7.2 sec
b. 9.0 sec d. 8.4 sec

64. Compute the horizontal distance covered until the stone reaches a point 60 ft. below its original elevation.
a. 179 ft c. 448 ft
b. 806 ft d. 358 ft

65. Compute the velocity of the stone when it reaches 60 ft. below its original elevation.
a. 46.96 fps c. 28.17 fps
b. 93.91 fps d. 84.52 fps
Situation :The activities, duration, and cost under normal and accelerated conditions for a network diagram are shown in
the accompanying table.

Node Normal Accelerated

Activity Days Costs Days Costs
0-1 A Clearing and Grubbing 5 1,000 3 1,600
0-2 B Procurement of pipe/ other materials 5 3,000 4 4,000
1-2 C Roadway and drainage excavation 7 2,000 5 2,500
0-3 D Delivery of base course 3 12,000 2 12,000
2-3 E Excavate, lay pipe and backfill 4 1,000 3 1,500
3-4 F Spread and compact base course 5 2,000 3 2,800

66. Which of the following gives the critical path of the network.
A. B-C-E-F C. C-D-E-F
B. A-C-E-F D. B-E-F

67. Which of the following is the activity that is most cost efficient in converting to the accelerated program:
A. Activity C C. Activity A
B. Activity F D. Activity E

68. If the maximum budget is P22,600.00, which of the following most nearly gives the reduction in the number of days to
complete the project:
A. 4 C. 5
B. 7 D. 6

SITUATION: The implementing rules and regulations of P.D. 1594 states that for a unit price contract, quantity overruns or
underruns of not more than fifteen percent (15%) of the estimates per major pay item (i.e. pay item which represents
at least 20% of the total estimated cost of the contract) and twenty-five percent (25%) per minor pay item in the bill
of quantities need not be covered by a Change Order provided that the same is authorized by the Approving Authority
for the contract.

The quantities and contract prices for a project are as follows:

Quantity Unit Price (pesos)

Item 1 200 750
Item 2 250 700
Item 3 100 850
Item 4 150 800
Item 5 300 450
Item 6 250 500

69. Which of the following gives the total contract price of the project.
A. P790,000 C. P840,000
B. P720,000 D. P910,000

70. Which of the following gives the minimum price of an item in order for it to qualify as a major pay item.
A. P232,000 C. P185,000
B. P158,000 D. P 121,000

71. Which of the following items is considered as a major pay item.

A. Item 3 C. Item 2
B. Item 1 D. Item 4

Situation – Refer to FIG. STCNM 16.023.

Given:
P = 360 kN
a = 0.20 m
b = 0.50 m
Allowable stress, Fvw = 93 MPa

72. Calculate the average vertical force per unit length of weld (N/mm) assuming that distance a is zero.
A. 540 B. 360 C. 720 D. 180

73. Calculate the resultant force per unit length of weld (N/mm) due to the eccentric load P.
A. 936 B. 864 C. 1765 D. 1220

74. If the resultant force per unit length of weld is 750N, find the required weld thickness (mm).
A. 12 B. 11 C. 10 D. 9

75. The breaking off or flaking off of a concrete surface.

A. Cracking C. Spamming
B. Scaling D. Spalling

NSCP PROVISIONS FOR DESIGN AND ANALYSIS FOR SHEAR

Design of cross sections subject to shear shall be based on Vn  Vu
Where Vn = Vc + Vs
Shear strength Vc, provided by concrete for non-prestressed member shall be computed as follows:
SIMPLIFIED CALCULATION
1. For members subject to shear and flexure only,
1
Vc = f ' c bw d
6
2. For members subject to axial compression,
1 N 
Vc =  1 + u  f ' c bw d
6  14 Ag 
Quantity Nu/Ag shall be expressed in MPa

DETAILED CALCULATION
1. For members subject to shear and flexure only,
1 V d
Vc =  f ' c + 120  w u bw d → (11 − 6 )
7 Mu 
but not greater than 0.3 f ' c bw d . Quantity Vud/Mu shall not be taken grated than 1.0, where Mu is factored moment
occurring simultaneously with Vu at section considered.
2. For members subject to axial compression, Eq. 11-6 may be used to compute Vc with Mm substituted for Mu and
Vud/Mm not then limited to 1.0, where
4h − d
M m = M u − Nu . → (11 − 7 )
8
However, Vc shall not be taken greater than
 0.3 N u 
Vc =  0.3 1 +  f ' b d . → (11 − 8)
 Ag  c w
 
Quantity Nu/Ag shall be expressed in MPa. When Mm as computed by Eq. 11-7 is negative, Vc shall be computed by Eq.
11-8.

SPACING OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

Vc
1. When Vu  no stirrups are required
2
Vc 3 Av f y
2. When  Vu  Vc minimum stirrup required with spacing S =
2 bw
Av f y d
3. When Vc  Vu provide stirrups with spacing S=
Vs
d d
Where s when Vs  2Vc or s  when Vs  2Vc
2 4
The value of so shall not exceed 150 m, & not be taken less than 100 mm.
NSCP SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR SEISMIC DESIGN
421.5.4.1 Transverse reinforcement shall be provided unless a large amount is required by Section 421.5.4.2.

1. The volumetric ratio of spiral or circular hoop reinforcement shall not be less than:
f c'  Ag 
 s = 0.12 ( f c' f y )  s = 0.45  − 1
f y  Ac 
2. The total cross-sectional area of rectangular hoop reinforcement shall not be less than:
 shc f c'  Ag 
Ash = 0.3  − 1
 f  A
 yh  c 
 sh f ' 
Ash = 0.09 c c 
 f 
 yh 
Where
Ach = cross-sectional area of the column core measured out-to-out of transverse reinforcement
Ash = total cross-sectional area of transverse reinforcement (including crossties) within spacing s and perpendicular
to dimension hc
hc = cross-sectional dimension of column core measured center-to-center of confining reinforcement

421.5.4.2 Transverse reinforcement shall be spaced at a distance not exceeding:

i. One quarter of the minimum member dimension;
ii. Six times the diameter of the smallest longitudinal bar; and
 350 − hx 
iii. so = 100 +  
 3 
The value of so shall not exceed 150 m, & not be taken less than 100 mm.

NSCP PROVISION FOR COMBINED AXIAL AND BENDING

Members subject to both axial compression and bending stresses shall be proportioned to satisfy the following requirements:
fa C mx f bx C my f by
+ +  1 → (1)
Fa  fa   f 
 1 − Fbx  1 − a Fby
 F' ex   F' 
 ey 

fa f f by
+ bx + 1 → (2 )
0.6 F y Fbx Fby
fa
When  0.15
Fa
f a f bx f by
+ + 1 → (3 )
Fa Fbx Fby
Where:
Fa = allowable axial compressive stress if axial force alone existed, MPa
Fb = allowable bending stress if bending moment alone existed
12 2 E
F' e =
23(KLb / rb )
2
fa = computed axial compressive stress, MPa
fb = computed bending compressive stress, MPa
Cm = coefficient whose value shall be takes as follows:
• For compression members in frames subject to joint translation (sidesway), Cm = 0.85
• For restrained compression members in frames braced against joint translation and not subject to transverse
 M1 
loading, C m = 0.6 − 0.4   0.4

 M2 
where M1/M2 is the ratio of the smaller to larger moments at the ends on the unbraced length taken as positive when
the member is bent in reverse curvature, negative when bent in single curvature.
LATERALLY
b  Lc
• For compression members in frames braced Lagainst joint translation in the plane of loading and subjected to
SUPPORTED
transverse loading between their supports:
o Restrained ends, CPARTIALLY
m = 0.85
o Unrestrained ends, Cm = 1.0 Lu  Lb
SUPPORTED
LATERALLY
NSCP PROVISION FOR FLEXURAL MEMBERS, LATERALLY UNSUPPORTED
Lc  Lb  Lu
UNSUPPORTED
1) For flexural members with compact or non-compact sections and with unbraced length greater than Lc, which is
= 0.of60 Fy
FbTsmaller
the
L = smaller of 200b f 138,000 A f
Fy (Ll/r )
c ,
2 2 
u= T larger of Fy dFy
FbC =  −  Fy
 3 10.55x10
the allowable
6 
bending stressCinbtension is 0.60F y.

2) For such FbT = 0.60
members Fyanaxis of symmetry in, and loaded in the plane of their web, the allowable bending stress
with
in compression
(for I-beams only)is determined as the larger of
00Cb
12,170 x10Fy3(C l/rbT )2 
bC =
FbC
F = −  Fy
 3 (l10.55x10
rT )
2 6
Cb 

And (for I-beams only)only)
(for I-beams
83x10 3
1,170CbxA10f 3 Cb
FbC =FbC =
ld(l rT )
2

(for that
Except CHANNELS
the latter
(for isand
I-beams I) only to sections with a compression flange that is solid and approximately rectangular
acceptable
only)
and that has an area not less than the tension flange.
*(for Where:
I-beams, larger 83xF10 governs)
bC3 C
b Af
FbC •= l = distance between cross-sections braced against twist or lateral displacement
ld
e, not of the compression flange, mm. For cantilever braced against twist only at the
(for CHANNELS and I)
support, it may be taken as the actual length.
*(for I-beams, larger FbC governs)
• rT = radius of gyration of a section comprising the compression flange plus 1/3 of the
compression web area, taken about an axis in the plane of the web, mm.
• Af = area of compression flange, mm2.
C b = 1.75 + 1.05(M1 M2 ) + 0.3(M1 M2 )  2.3
• 2

– where M1 is the smaller and M2 the larger moment at the ends of the unbraced
length, taken about the strong axis of the member.
• M1/M2 is positive for double curvature bending.
• M1/M2 is negative for single curvature bending.
• Cb = 1 for simple and cantilever beam.
STEEL COMPRESSION MEMBERS: ALLOWABLE AXIAL COMPRESSIVE STRESS
2 2 E
Cc =
Fy
Le
If  Cc intermediate column
r
 (Le / r )2  F y
Fa = 1 − 2 
 2C c  FS
5 3(Le / r ) (Le / r )
3

where FS = + − 3
3 8C c 8C c
L
If e  C c long column
r
12 2 E
Fa =
23(Le / r )
2
College of Engineering Education
2nd Floor, BE Building
Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082)296-1084
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/300-0647 Local 133

CE 603- ACHIEVEMENT EXAM C

Instructions:
A. Mark only one answer for each item by shading the box corresponding to the letter of your choice using No. 2 pencil only.
B. Write your solutions on the papers provided.
C. Borrowing of calculator is not allowed.
D. Once the examination has started, you are not allowed to leave the testing area.
E. Once finished, submit the questionnaire and your answer sheet.
F. If you think the correct answer is not in the choices, select letter “e”.

1. The coefficient of friction for dry surfaces

a. Depends on the composition of the materials only
b. Depends on the materials and the finish condition of the surfaces
c. Depends only on the finish condition of the surfaces
d. Does not depend on the material

2. A strength test shall be average of the strengths of two cylinders made from the same sample of
concrete and tested at ______ days or at test age designated for determination of f’.
a. 30 days
b. 28 days
c. 20 days
d. 21 days
3. A temporary structure built to exclude earth and water from an excavation so that work may be done
in the dry.
a. Collar beam
b. Cofferdam
c. Abutment
d. Temp-facil
4. Isolated beams, in which the T-shape is used to provide a flange for additional compression area, shall
have an effective
a. 3tw
b. 4tw
c. 6tw
d. 8tw
5. Construction joints in floors shall be located within the _____ of spans of slabs, beam and girders.
a. Middle thirds
b. Mid-point
c. One fourth
d. L/240
6. Refer to FIGURE MEC 4 – 0001. A force of 400 N is applied at A to the handle of the control lever
which is attached to the fixed shaft OB. Determine the magnitude of moment (N-m) about O.

Page 1 of 16
a. 75
b. 80
c. 91.22
d. 94.3
7. The system is released from rest with the cable taut. Neglect the small mass and friction of the
pulley, calculate the acceleration of each body and the cable tension T upon release if µs= 0.15, µk=
0.10.
a. aA = 0.876 m/s2 , aB = 0.438 m/s2 , T = 198 N
b. aA = -0.546 m/s2 , aB = -1.092 m/s2 , T = 204 N
c. aA = -0.589 m/s2 , aB = -0.589 m/s2 , T = 208 N
d. aA = -0.765 m/s2 , aB = -0.765 m/s2 , T = 216 N

8. The 2-kg collar A slides on the vertical rod with negligible friction. The spring AB has a free length
of 0.8m, and its stiffness is 20 N/m. If the mass is released from rest in the position shown, determine
its speed at 0.

a. 7.8 m/s
b. 8.1 m/s
c. 9.2 m/s
d. 6.9 m/s
Situation: Refer to FIGURE MEC 8 – 0001

Page 2 of 16
9. Calculate the tension(kN) in the cable at A necessary to support the load distributed uniformly with
respect to the horizontal.
a. 16
b. 17
c. 18
d. 19
10. Also find the angle made by the cable with the horizontal at the attachment point B.
a. 46.5°
b. 48.8°
c. 49.3°
d. 50.7°

Situation: FIGURE SMAT 2 - 0001 shows an element in bi-axial stress and the corresponding Mohr’s circle.
Points A and B represents the stresses on the x face and on the y face of the element respectively.

11. What is the value of the normal axial stress, σ MPa ?

a. 55
b. 30
c. 80
d. 25
12. What is the value of the normal axial stress, σ MPa ?
a. 55
b. 30
c. 80
d. 25
13. Determine the maximum shear stress (MPa).
a. 55
b. 30
c. 80
Page 3 of 16
d. 25
Situation: A bronze sleeve is slipped over a steel bolt and held in place by a nut that is turned to produce an
initial stress of 2000 psi in the bronze. For the steel bolt, A = 0.75 in2, E = 29 × 106 psi, and α = 6.5 ×
10-6 in/(in·°F). For the bronze sleeve, A = 1.5 in2, E = 12 × 106 psi and α = 10.5 × 10-6 in/(in·°F). After
a temperature rise of 100°F, find the following:

14. Final stress in Bronze

a. 7423 psi (Compression)
b. 7423 psi (Tension)
c. 6238 psi (Compression)
d. 6238 psi (Tension)
15. Final stress in Steel
a. 12476 psi (Tension)
b. 12476 psi (Compression)
c. 9670 psi (Tension)
d. 9670 psi (Compression)
16. Which of the following relationships is dimensionally consistent with an expression yielding a value
for acceleration? Acceleration has the units of distance divided by time squared. In these equations, x
is a distance, t is time, and v is velocity with units of distance divided by time.
A. v/t2
B. v/x2
C. v2/t
D. v2/x

17. Determine the velocity of progress with the given equation: D = 20t + when t = 4seconds.

A. 18.6 m/s
B. 19.8 m/s
C. 18.9 m/s
D. 16.8 m/s

18. A plane dropped a bomb at an elevation of 1000meters from the ground intended to hit the target at
an elevation of 200 meters from the ground. If the plane was flying at a velocity of 300km/h, at what
distance from the target must the bomb be dropped to hit the target. Wind velocity and atmospheric
pressure to be disregarded.

A. 1024.2 m
B. 1055.6 m
C. 1075.5 m
D. 1064.2 m
19. A 10 m long beam is simply supported at the left end at 2 m from the right end. What length of beam
must be loaded by a uniformly distributed load to create maximum reaction at right support?
a. 2 m
b. 7 m
c. 5 m
d. 10 m

Situation: A simply supported beam, with total span of 12m and overhang of 2m at the left support, is
subjected to a uniformly distributed load.
20. Determine the length of the beam (m) where the uniform load should act to produce the absolute
maximum reaction at the left support.
Page 4 of 16
a. 12
b. 10
c. 7
d. 6
21. Determine the length of the beam (m) where the uniform load should act to produce the maximum
positive shear midway between the supports.
a. 4
b. 5
c. 6
d. 7
22. Determine the length of the beam (m) where the uniform load should act to produce the maximum
negative shear midway between the supports.
a. 4
b. 5
c. 6
d. 7
Situation. A continuous beam has two spans, the left span being 4m long and the right span is 6m long. The
beam is restrained at the leftmost support, hinged at the interior support, and roller at the rightmost
support. The beam carries a concentrated load of 40 kN at the middle of the 4-m span and a uniform
load of 5 kN/m throughout the 6-m span
23. Determine the moment at the restrained end.
a. -18.33 kNm
b. -21.67 kNm
c. -17.67 kNm
d. -19.17 kNm

24. Determine the moment at the interior support in kNm.

a. -18.33 kNm
b. -21.67 kNm
c. -17.67 kNm
d. -19.17 kNm

25. Determine the vertical reaction at the interior support.

a. 42.5 kN
b. 35.2 kN
c. 39.23 kN
d. 28.6 kN
Situation: Using the provisions of NSCP Section 411.3, the allowable shear stress of concrete parallel to the
longer direction is 0.816 MPa.
A 600mm x 400mm reinforced concrete column is reinforced with 8-28mm diameter bars that are
equally distributed around its perimeter. Stirrups are 12 mm diameter while concrete cover from edge
of ties to face of member is 40mm. fc’=27.6 kPa, fy=415 MPa
26. Which of the following gives the ultimate factored shear force, Vu in the shorter direction of column
if the nominal strength to be provided by the ties is 375 kN.
a. 457.75 kN
b. 279.40 kN
c. 466.91 kN
d. 225.94 kN
27. Which of the following gives the ultimate factored shear force, Vu in the longer direction of column
if the ties are spaced at every 220 mm.
a. 367.348 kN
b. 387.348 kN
Page 5 of 16
c. 438.67 kN
d. 567.35 kN
28. Compute for ultimate axial load that the section could carry.
a. 5233.114 kN
b. 4233.114 kN
c. 3233.114 kN
d. 6233.114 kN
Situation: Refer to FIGURE RC 1 – 0001. The T-beam is reinforced at the top with5- 28mmϕ and at the
bottom with 2- 20mmϕ. Effective depth = 500mm, cover to the centroid of reinforcements = 70mm. fc’
= 30 MPa, fy = 415 MPa. Use balanced steel ratio = 0.023

29. Determine the depth (mm) of compression block.

a. 132.93
b. 138.86
c. 156.39
d. 163.36
30. Determine the nominal bending moment (KN-m).
a. 550
b. 530
c. 617
d. 635
31. If the superimposed dead load is 20 KN/m, determine the safe uniform live load (KN/m) that the fixed
ended beam can carry in a span of 6m.
a. 86.77
b. 74.95
c. 71.42
d. 89.95
Situation: A short spiral column carries an axial dead load of 118 kN and an axial live load of 235 Kn. Use
fc’ = 27.5 MPa , fy = 414 MPa.

32. Assuming ρ = 0.01 , which of the following gives the diameter of the column section ?
a. 200 mm
b. 215 mm
c. 250 mm

33. Which of the following gives the number of 16 mm ⌽ main bars ?

d. 300 mm

a. 3pcs
b. 4pcs
c. 5pcs
d. 6pcs

34. Which of the following gives the spacing of spirals ?

Page 6 of 16
a. 50mm
b. 55mm
c. 60mm
d. 65mm

28 mm ⌽ placed symmetrically in two rows. The effective depth is 610 mm and has a web of 250 mm.
Situation: A T-beam having a flange width of 600 mm and 100 mm thick has reinforced for tension with 6 -

f’c=20.7 MPa and fy = 350 MPa.

35. Which of the following gives the depth compression stress block in mm?
a. 122.50
b. 153.97
c. 144.12
d. 181.14
36. Which of the following gives the ultimate moment capacity of the section in Kn.m ?
a. 635.27
b. 705.86
c. 476.50
d. 360.99

SITUATION – An axially loaded rectangular tied column is to be designed for the ff service loads
DL = 1600 kN
LL = 845 kN
Required Strength, U =1.2 D + 1.6 L
Capacity Reduction Factor, Ø = 0.65
Effective cover to centroid of steel reinforcement = 70 mm
Concrete, fc’ = 27.5 MPa
Steel, fy = 415 MPa
37. Using 3% vertical steel ratio, what is the required column width (mm) if the architectural conditions
limit the width of the column in one direction to 350 mm?
A. 500 B. 450 C. 550 D. 400

38. Given: Column Section = 400mm x 500mm

Vertical reinforcement consists of 16 bars. Which of the following gives the diameter of vertical bars (mm) if
the required minimum steel ratio is 3%?
A. 25 B. 16 C. 20 D. 28

39. For a column section, 400 mm x 500 mm, what is the minimum design moment (kN-m) about the stronger
axis of the column?
A. 187 B. 155 C. 252 D. 122
Situation: A W 350x90 column 6 m high is fixed with respect to the major axis and is braced at mid-height
with respect to the minor axis. Properties of the wide flange section are as follows: A = 11,540 mm2,
Ix= 2.66 x 108 mm4, Iy= 0.44 x 108 mm4
40. Calculate the effective slenderness ratio with buckling about the major axis.
a. 19.76
b. 24.29
c. 27.66
d. 39.52
41. Calculate the effective slenderness ratio with buckling about the minor axis.
a. 24
b. 97
c. 48
Page 7 of 16
d. 34
42. Calculate the axial load capacity if A36 steel is used.
a. 1519 kN
b. 1455 kN
c. 1640 kN
d. 1563 kN
Situation: Consider the framing plan shown in FIGURE STL 1 – 0001and refer to the code provision given
in FIGURE STLCODE- 0001.
S=2m
L = 10 m
DL=5.0 kPa
LL = 3.6 kPa

Properties of Beam:
A = 12320 mm²
d = 465 mm
bf = 193 mm
tf = 19 mm
tw = 11 mm
Ix= 445x106 mm4
Iy = 23 x 106 mm4
Fy = 414 MPa

Consider bending about the x-axis.

rt (radius of gyration of the flange components plus 1/3 of web area in compression) = 50 mm

43. What is the maximum bending stress in beam CG?

a. 108
b. 118
c. 112
d. 124
44. Lateral supports are to be provided. Find the biggest distance between lateral supports so that the
maximum flexural strength can be utilized.
a. 2.5
b. 2.0

Page 8 of 16
c. 1.0
d. 1.5
45. The compression flanges are laterally supported only at midspan. With this condition, what is the
permissible flexural stress? Cb = 1.0
a. 248
b. 130
c. 107
d. 117

Situation: The built-up section shown in FIGURE STL 2 – 0001 is fabricated by bolting two (2) cover plates
with dimensions: b = 450mm and t = 35 mm into the flanges of a W44X230 steel section using 28mmØ
bolts.

Properties of the W44X230:

A = 43,700 mm² bf = 401 mm
4
J = 10,400x10³ mm tf = 31 mm
Ix = 8,660x106 mm4 d = 1090 mm
Iy = 331x106 mm4 tw = 18 mm
Fy = 248 MPa

Allowable shearing stress of the bolts = 150 MPa

Allowable bearing stress of the bolts = 250 MPa

The section is used to carry a maximum moment of M = 2000 kN-m and maximum vertical shear V = 400
kN.

46. Determine the moment of inertia of the section about the elastic neutral axis, in 106 mm4.
a. 9967
b. 8663
c. 15420
d. 18630
47. Determine the maximum flexural stress in the section, in MPa.
a. 54
b. 62
c. 86
d. 132
48. Determine the required pitch for the 28mmØ bolts connecting the cover plates to the flanges of the
section, in mm.
a. 950
b. 2000
Page 9 of 16
c. 1200
d. 1650
Situation: The bracket shown in FIGURE STL 3 - 0001 is connected to the flanges of a W14x132 column so
that the total length of welds is equal to 4b + 2c.
a = 100 mm
b = 100 mm
c = 150 mm
P = 150 kN
Allowable shear stress, Fvw = 145 MPa

49. Determine the average vertical force (N/mm) resisted by the welds per mm length if the eccentricity
of the force P is zero.
a. 430
b. 860
c. 215
d. 645
50. Determine the resultant force (N/mm) to be resisted by the welds due to the eccentric force.
a. 1825
b. 3650
c. 912.5
d. 2737.5
51. Find the required weld thickness (mm).
a. 7
b. 8
c. 9
d. 10

Situation: The wind pressure coefficients on the gable frame shown in FIG. STE –10.07 is subjected to wind
pressure 1.44 KPa and as follows: Design wind force is computed as the product of the wind pressure
and the coefficient. Consider the tributary width as 6m. If the roller support at B was changed to a hinged
support and a hinged support is added at D.

52. Determine the vertical reaction (KN) at A of the supporting gable arch.
A. 20.14 C. 42.02 C. 10.94 D. 31.66

53. Determine the horizontal reaction (KN) at B of the supporting gable arch.
A. 14.96 B. 12.65 C. 10.94 D. 9.79

54. Determine the horizontal force (KN) of the gable arch.

A. 35.72 B. 24.79 C. 50.09 D. 48.37

Page 10 of 16
55. The superstructure of a bridge consists of ribbed metal deck with 50mm concrete slab on top. The
deck is supported by wide flange steel beams strengthened by cover plate 16mm by 250mm one at
the top and one at the bottom. It is simply supported on a span of 25m. Each of the cover plated steel
beams is subjected to the following data:
D = 12 KN/m
L = 17.8 KN front wheel and 71.2KN rear wheel
Distance between wheel loads = 4.27m
Impact on the live load is 15 with a maximum of 30%.
L + 37
Properties of W 830 X 175
A = 22387 mm2 bf = 290 mm
d= 835mm Ix = 2500 x 106 mm4
tw = 14mm Iy = 78 x 106 mm4
What is the maximum flexural stress of in the cover plated beam due to dead load?
A. 127.87 B. 198.51 C. 70.64 D. 56.97
Situation: An 8-m retaining wall is subjected to lateral earth pressure increasing from 24 kPa at the top to 136
kPa at the bottom. Flexural rigidity, EI = 4.0 x 1014 N-mm2. Analyze per meter length of wall.

56. What is the moment (kN-m) at the base of the cantilever retaining wall?
A. 1088 B. 2176 C. 725 D. 4352

57. To prevent excessive deflection at the free end, the wall is braced at the top. What force (kN) is required
at the propped end of the wall to limit the deflection to 35 mm?
A. 102 B. 110 C. 115 D. 91

58. When the Wall is propped at the top what is the resulting moment at the base of the wall?
A. 707 B. 435 C. 580 D.961

Situation: A square footing 0.70 m thick, 2.5 m wide along the y-axis and 2.5 m long along the x-axis, supports
a 0.40m x 0.40m square column that is subjected to the following loads
DL=500 kN
LL= 1000 kN
Height of the backfill on top of the footing = 1.5 m
Concrete unit weight = 24 kN/m3
Soil Unit weight = 17 kN/m3
fc’=20.7 MPa, fy=413.7 MPa

Page 11 of 16
59. Find the required soil bearing capacity
a. 282.3 kPa
b. 258.8 kPa
c. 293.7 kPa
d. 269.4 kPa
60. What is the shear force at critical section for beam shear?
a. 458.42 kN
b. 431.04 kN
c. 415.93 kN
d. 425.37 kN
61. Number of 16 mm Ø bottom bars required.
a. 26 pcs
b. 28 pcs
c. 22 pcs
d. 24 pcs
SITUATION: A rectangular footing, 700 mm thick, 2.5 m wide along the y-axis and 3 m long along the xaxis,
supports eccentrically a 400 mm x 300 mm square column subjected to the following loads:
Axial dead load = 600 kN
Axial live load = 800 kN
Moment along x-axis = 400 kN-m
Height of backfill on top of the footing = 1.5 m
Concrete unit weight = 24 kN/m^3
Soil unit weight = 18 kN/m^3
62. Calculate the maximum net soil pressure.
A. a. 321.07 kPa C. c. 293.33 kPa
B. b. 298.67 kPa D. d. 186.67 kPa

63. Calculate the minimum net soil pressure.

A. a. 52.27 kPa C. c. 42.30 kPa
B. b. 74.67 kPa D. d. 80 kPa
64. Calculate the gross safe soil bearing capacity.
A. a. 342.47 kPa C. c. 228.97 kPa
. b. 337.13 kPa D. d. 340.97 kPa

65. The continuous deformation of concrete over extended periods of time and sustained loads.
A) Shrinkage C) Relaxation
B) Creep D) Elastic Shortening
66. Time-dependent reduction of stress in prestressing tendon at constant strain.
A) Shrinkage C) Relaxation
B) Creep D) Elastic Shortening
67. A simply supported beam 400 mm by 800 mm and span of 10 m is pre-stressed by a straight tendon with
a force of 1,200 kN at an eccentricity of 200 mm below the centroid. The beam supports a total weight of
40 kN/m including the beam weight.
Calculate the total stress (in MPa) at the top fiber due to total weight and pre-stressing force, consider
compression (+) and tension (-).
A. a. -11.72 C.c. 9.84
B. b. -10.35 D. d. 10.35

Situation: To retain the backfill, treated timber piles braced by the horizontal struts are anchored to be dropped
at 3m spacing as shown in FIGURE STMBR 1- 0001. The piles are considered hinged at the base. Unit
Page 12 of 16
weight of soil = 17.3 KN/m3, Ka = 1/3, unit weight of water is 9.81KN/m3, H1 = 2.1m, H2 = 3.3m, H3 =
2.7 m. Allowable bending stress = 14.7 MPa, allowable shear stress = 1.48 MPa.

68. If the struts are hinged at anchor rod location, determine the design maximum moment (KN-m) of the
strut.
A. 63.83 B.127.66 C.134.56 D.134.83

69. If the strut depth is 300mm, determine the safe width (mm)in bending.
A. 290 B. 250 C.275 D.200

70. Determine the safe width(mm) in shear.

A. 290 B. 288 C. 260 D.200

Situation: A project has been bid out by the Department of Public Works and Highways. The approved agency
estimate (AAE) is P 425M. The results if responsive bids are as follows:
Bidder A – P 410M Bidder C – P 495M Bidder E – P 520M Bidder G – P 250M
Bidder B – P 370M Bidder D – P 390M Bidder F – P 285M
The implementing rules and regulations of P.D. 1594 states that no award of contract shall be made to a
bidder whose bid price is higher that the allowable government estimate (AGE) or the Approve Agency
Estimate (AAE), whichever is higher, or lower than 70% of the AGE. The Allowable Government
Estimate (AGE) is defined as one half the sum of the AAE and the average of all reponsive bids. For the
purpose of determining the average of responsive bids, bids higher than 120% of the AAE or lower than
60% of the AAE shall not be considered. No negotiation will be allowed to bring down the bid to the level
of the AAE/AGE.
71. Which of the ff. are not considered as responsive bidders?
a. Bidders E & C b. Bidders E & G c. Bidders F & G d. Bidder B & E
72. Which of the ff. most nearly gives the value of the Approved Government Estimate (AGE)?
a. 450.5 M b. 453.5 M c. 407.5 M d. 510.5 M
73. Which of the following gives the bidder to which the award can be made?
a. Bidder B b. Bidder E c. Bidder F d. Bidder G
74. It is the quality of something that can be shaped into something else without breaking.
A. Malleability C. Plasticity
B. Flexibility D. Spalling

75. The breaking off or flaking off of a concrete surface.

A. Cracking C. Spamming
B. Scaling D. Spalling
Page 13 of 16
FIGURE STLCODE - 0001

506.2 ALLOWABLE STRESS:

STRONG AXIS BENDING OF I-SHAPED MEMBERS AND CHANNELS

506.2.1 Members with Compact Sections

506.2.1.1 For members with compact sections as defined in Section 502.6.1 (excluding hybrid beams and
members with yield points greater than 448 MPa) symmetric about, and loaded in, the plane of their
minor axis the allowable stress is:

= 0.66

provided that the flanges are connected continuously to the web or webs and the laterally unsupported length

200
of the compression flange does not exceed the value of , as given by the smaller of:
137,900
$%/' (

506.2.2 Members with Non-Compact Sections

506.2.2.1 For members meeting the requirements of Section 506.2.1 except that their flanges are non-compact
(excluding built-up members and members with yield points greater than 448 MPa), the allowable stress
is:

= )0.79 − 0.000762 ,
2+

506.2.2.3 For members with a non-compact section (Section 502.6), but not included above, and loaded

exceeding 200 /
through the shear center and braced laterally in the region of compression stress at intervals not
the allowable stress is:
= 0.60

506.2.3 Members with Compact or Non-Compact Sections with Unbraced Length Greater than .

506.2.3.1 For flexural members with compact or non-compact sections as defined in Section 502.6.1, and with
unbraced lengths greater than as defined in Section 506.2.1, the allowable bending stress in tension
is determined from equation:
= 0.60

506.2.3.2 For such members with an axis of symmetry in, and loaded in the plane of their web, the allowable
bending stress in compression is determined as the larger value from equations

Page 14 of 16
703,270 1 - 3,516,330 1
Pℎ>@Q ≤ ≤Q
/

2 -/ / 0
= ) − , ≤ 0.60
3 10,550 × 10L 1

- 3,516,330 1
Pℎ>@ >Q
/
1,172,100 1
= ≤ 0.60
-/ / 0

?@< B?-=> 8-/ / :

82,740 1
= ≤ 0.60
-%/'

where,
- , .. = distance between cross sections braced against twist or lateral displacements of the compression
flange. For cantilevers braced against twist only at the support, - may conservatively be taken as the
actual length.
/ , ..= radius of gyration of a section comprising the compression flange plus 1/3 of the compression web
area, taken about an axis in the plane of the web.
' , ..0 = area of the compression flange.

MOMENT GRADIENT MULTIPLIER, 1

5 5 0
1 = 1.75 + 1.05 4 6 + 0.3 4 6 ≤ 2.30
50 50

1 = 1.0 8 9:.;-< 9=;; +>% ?@% A?@+:->B> >?.9

1 = 1.0 Cℎ>@ . .>@+ ?+ ?@< ; :@+ C:+ℎ:@ +ℎ> =@ ?A>% ->@E+ℎ :9
E >?+> +ℎ?@?+ +ℎ> >@%9
5 = 9.?--> >@% . .>@+
50 = -? E> >@% . .>@+

FIGURE RCCODE - 0001

409.6 CONTROL OF DEFLECTIONS

be computed with the modulus of elasticity F for concrete specified in Section 408.6.1 (normal-weight
409.6.2.3 Unless stiffness values are obtained by a more comprehensive analysis, immediate deflection shall

or lightweight concrete) and with the effective moment of inertia as follows, but NOT greater than GH ,

5I L 5I L
G ≤ GJ = 4 6 GH + M1 − 4 6 NG ≤ GH
I
5K 5K I

409 − 9

Where,
Page 15 of 16
G I = Moment of inertia of cracked section transformed to concrete.
GJ = Effective moment of inertia for computation of deflection.
GH = Moment of inertia of gross concrete section about centroidal axis, neglecting reinforcement.
5 I = Cracking moment.
5K = Maximum moment in member at stage deflection is computed.

409.6.2.5 Unless values are obtained by a more comprehensive analysis, additional longtime deflection
resulting from creep and shrinkage of flexural members (normal-weight or lightweight concrete) shall
be determined by multiplying the immediate deflection caused by the sustained load considered, by the
factor

W
V=
1 + 50XY

Where X′ shall be the value at midspan for simple and continuous spans, and at support for cantilevers. It is
permitted to assume the time-dependent factor W for sustained loads to be equal to

5 years or more 2.0

12 months 1.4
6 months 1.2
3 months 1.0

W = Time-dependent factor for sustained load.

V = Multiplier for additional long-time deflection.

Page 16 of 16
College of Engineering Education
2nd Floor, BE Building
Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082)296-1084
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/300-0647 Local 133

CE 603- ACHIEVEMENT EXAM D

Instructions:
A. Mark only one answer for each item by shading the box corresponding to the letter of your choice using No. 2 pencil only.
B. Write your solutions on the papers provided.
C. Borrowing of calculator is not allowed.
D. Once the examination has started, you are not allowed to leave the testing area.
E. Once finished, submit the questionnaire and your answer sheet.
F. If you think the correct answer is not in the choices, select letter “e”.

1. The continuous deformation of concrete over extended periods of time and

sustained loads.
A) Shrinkage C) Relaxation
B) Creep D) Elastic Shortening
2. Construction joints in floors shall be located within the _____ of spans of slabs, beam and girders.
a. Middle thirds
b. Mid-point
c. One fourth
d. L/240
3. Joint between two overlapping connection elements in parallel planes.
a. Lap joint
b. Construction joint
c. Contraction joint
d. Dowel
4. The following are pre-stress losses except:
a. Fatigue and fracture
b. Creep and shrinkage
c. Anchorage slip and stress relaxation
d. Elastic and duct friction
5. The volume of solids of revolution is governed by what theorem?
a. Pappus
b. Varignon’s
c. Newton
d. Archimedes
SIT The force acting at A is F= 10i+20j-5k kN. See FIG. MECH002.

6. If the moment of the force about y axis is 8 kN-m, determine the distance b.
A. 400 mm B. B.349 mm C. 1000 mm D. 800 mm
7. Using the distance b from the previous problem determine the moment about x-axis.
A. 7.25 kN-m B. 9.25 kN-m C. 8.23 kN-m D. 17.25 kN-m
Page 1 of 12
8. Determine the resulting moment at the support using the distance b from the previous problem.
A. 34 kN-m B. 22.36 kN-m C. 17.32 kN-m D. 8 kN-m
Situation: Refer to FIGURE MEC 7 – 0001. The guy cables AB and AC are attached to the top of the
transmission tower. The tension in cable AC is 8kN.

9. Determine the required tension T (kN) in cable AB such that the net effect of the two cable tensions is a
downward force at point A.
a. 4.87
b. 5.34
c. 5.68
d. 6.74
10. Determine the magnitude R (kN) of this downward force.
a. 8.56
b. 9.97
c. 11.34
d. 10.21
11. Refer to FIGURE MEC 4 – 0001. A force of 400 N is applied at A to the handle of the control lever
which is attached to the fixed shaft OB. Determine the magnitude of moment (N-m) about O.

a. 75
b. 80
c. 91.22
d. 94.3
SIT: Two prismatic bars are fastened together and support a vertical load of 45 kN, as shown in Fig. EMM
10.05. The upper bar is steel having length 10 m and cross-sectional area 60 cm2. The lower bar is
brass having length 6 m and cross-sectional area 50 cm2. For steel γ = 77 kN/m3 and E = 200 GPa, for
brass γ = 84 kN/m3 and E = 100 GPa.

Page 2 of 12
12. Determine the maximum stress in steel bar.
A) 9.50 MPa B) 8.69 MPa C) 10.12 MPa D) 12.56 MPa
13. Determine the elongation of steel.0.01512+0.01925
A) 0.54 mm B) 0.375 mm C) 0.415 mm D) 0.396 mm
14. Determine the total elongation of the bars.
A) 0.970 mm B) 0.989 mm C) 0.909 mm D) 0.915 mm
Situation: FIGURE SMAT 2 - 0001 shows an element in bi-axial stress and the corresponding Mohr’s circle.
Points A and B represents the stresses on the x face and on the y face of the element respectively.

15. What is the value of the normal axial stress, ?

a. 55
b. 30
c. 80
d. 25
16. What is the value of the normal axial stress, σ MPa ?
a. 55
b. 30
c. 80
d. 25
17. Determine the maximum shear stress (MPa).
a. 55
b. 30
c. 80
d. 25
18. The momentum of a moving object is the product of its mass ( ) and velocity ( ). Newton’s Second
Law of Motion says that the rate of change of momentum with respect to time is:
Page 3 of 12
A. power
B. energy
C. momentum
D. force
19. 6The acceleration due to gravity in the English System or ft/s2 is:
A. 20.2
B. 32.2
C. 15.2
D. 62.4
20. Ivory soap floats in water because:
A. all matter has mass
B. the density of ivory soap is unity
C. the specific gravity of ivory soap is greater than that of water
D. the specific gravity of ivory soap is less than that of water

Situation: A simply supported girder of a bridge spans 25m. The standard truck load (H load) consists of 2
moving loads, 4.3m apart. The loads are as follows:
P1 = 142.4 kN, P2 = 35.6 kN.
21. Calculate the maximum support reaction in kN.
a. 153.51
b. 171.88
c. 142.4
d. 193.10
22. Calculate the maximum moment (kN-m) in the girder.
a. 815.11
b. 1345.3
c. 1037.3
d. 1125.2
23. Calculate the maximum shear at midspan.
a. 82.88
b. 83.11
c. 83.51
d. 82.22
Situation: A simply supported beam, with total span of 12m and overhang of 2m at the left support, is subjected
to a uniformly distributed load.
24. Determine the length of the beam (m) where the uniform load should act to produce the absolute maximum
reaction at the left support.
a. 12
b. 10
c. 7
d. 6
25. Determine the length of the beam (m) where the uniform load should act to produce the maximum positive
shear midway between the supports.
a. 4
b. 5
c. 6
d. 7
26. Determine the length of the beam (m) where the uniform load should act to produce the maximum negative
shear midway between the supports.
a. 4
b. 5
c. 6
Page 4 of 12
d. 7

SIT: A 400 mm square column shown in Fig. RCFD 003 is supported by square footing on 5 piles 300 mm
diameter each. Ultimate pile capacity of 320 kN.
Column Axial Load: D = 420 kN
L = 360 kN
E = 210 kN
Column Moment due to Earthquake: ME = 160 kN-m
Required Strength: U = 1.32D + 1.1L + 1.1E

27. Calculate the ultimate wide beam shear stress (MPa) at critical section on the pile cap.
A) 0.375 B) 0.463 C) 0.442 D) 0.267
28. Calculate the required spacing of 16-mm-diameter flexure bars (fy =415 MPa, f.c 27 MPa) for
maximum bending of the pile cap.
A) 340 mm B) 270 mm C) 180 mm D) 160 mm
29. Calculate the maximum column moment due to earthquake, ME (kN∙m), that can be sustained
based on the pile capacity.
A) 267 B) 183 C) 304 D) 235

Situation: Using the provisions of NSCP Section 411.3, the allowable shear stress of concrete parallel to the
longer direction is 0.816 MPa.

Page 5 of 12
A 600mm x 400mm reinforced concrete column is reinforced with 8-28mm diameter bars that are equally
distributed around its perimeter. Stirrups are 12 mm diameter while concrete cover from edge of ties to
face of member is 40mm. fc’=27.6 kPa, fy=415 MPa
30. Which of the following gives the ultimate factored shear force, Vu in the shorter direction of column
if the nominal strength to be provided by the ties is 375 kN.
a. 457.75 kN
b. 279.40 kN
c. 466.91 kN
d. 225.94 kN
31. Which of the following gives the ultimate factored shear force, Vu in the longer direction of column if
the ties are spaced at every 220 mm.
a. 367.348 kN
b. 387.348 kN
c. 438.67 kN
d. 567.35 kN
32. Compute for ultimate axial load that the section could carry.
a. 5233.114 kN
b. 4233.114 kN
c. 3233.114 kN
d. 6233.114 kN
Situation: A 350mm x 300 mm rectangular concrete column is reinforced with three 25 mm diameter bars in
each short side with cover to the centroid of reinforcement 65mm. The column is subjected to axial load
and moment about its stronger axis. Concrete strength = 21MPa and steel yield strength = 415 MPa.
33. Determine the nominal axial load KN when the eccentricity is zero.
a. 2359
b. 2275
c. 2450
d. 2436
34. Compute the balanced load in KN.
a. 735
b. 699
c. 590
d. 798
35. If the eccentricity is 200mm, determine the nominal load in KN.
a. 778
b. 894
c. 976
d. 1545

SIT: A rectangular beam having b = 300 mm, h = 620 mm and d = 550 mm spans 6-m
face-to-face of simple supports. It is reinforced for flexure with 3-φ36 mm bars that
continue uninterrupted to the ends of the span. It is to carry service dead load DL = 24
kN/m (including self weight) and service live load LL = 47 kN/m, both uniformly
distributed along the span. Material strengths are f’c = 28 MPa and fy = 415 MPa.

36. Determine the nominal concrete shear strength using simplified computation.
A. 145.52 kN B. 164.04 kN C. 123.69 kN D. 139.43 kN
37. Determine the nominal concrete shear strength using the more detailed
computation.
Page 6 of 12
A. 140.44 kN B. 171.79 kN C. 165.22 kN D. 146.02 kN
38. If the beam will be subjected to a factored axial compression load of 588 kN in
addition to the loads described earlier determine the nominal concrete shear
strength using more detailed computation.
A. 408.10 kN B. 261.93 kN C. 365.61 kN D. 346.89 kN

SIT: A concrete floor slab 75 mm thick is cast monolithic with concrete beams 2.0 m on
centers. The beams have a span of 4 m and have a web width of 250 mm, an effective
depth of 400 mm and overall depth of 500 mm. The tensile reinforcement consists of 6-
ϕ32 mm bars in two rows. Use material strengths f’c = 30 MPa and fy = 415 MPa.
39. Calculate the effective flange width in mm of typical interior T-beam of the
monolithic floor .
A) 2000 B) 1450 C) 1000 D) 750
40. Calculate the depth of the compression stress block in mm from the top of the
beam at its full nominal strength.
A) 314.13 B) 59.12 C) 119.13 D) 89.13

SIT: The superstructure of a bridge is concrete slab deck 150 mm thick. The deck is supported by wide
flange steel beams, 1.5 m apart, rigidly connected to the slab by shear connectors. It is simply
supported on a span of 25 m. Each steel beam is subjected to the following loads:
DL = 12 kN/m (total)
LL = 17.8 kN front wheel, 71.2 kN rear wheel
Distance between wheel loads = 4.27 m
Impact on live load is 15/(L+37), with a maximum of 30%
Properties of W830x175
A = 22387 mm^2
bf = 290 mm
d = 835 mm
Ix = 2500x10^6 mm^4
Iy = 78 x10^6 mm^4
tf = 19 mm tw = 14 mm
41. Calculate the maximum flexural stress in MPa in the steel beam composite with the concrete slab
due to dead load.
A) 127.97 B) 117.68 C) 141.45 D) 138.24
42. Calculate the maximum flexural stress in MPa in the steel beam composite with the concrete slab
due to live load plus impact.
A. 80.66 B. 78.05 C. 56.97 D. 85.96
43. Calculate the maximum web shear stress in MPa in the beam.
A. 14.67 B. 22.02 C. 16.23 D. 10.81

SIT: The beam in Fig. MSM 4.011 is fabricated by attaching a C180x14.6 channel to a W250x17.9 shape
with 15-mm-dia rivets. The maximum shear force in the beam is 65 kN. Given properties:
C180x14.6: A = 1850 mm^2; d = 178 mm; xcg= 13.8 mm
Page 7 of 12
Iy = 0.405x10^6 mm^4; tw = 5.3 mm; tf = 9.3 mm
W250x17.9: A = 2270 mm^2; d = 251 mm; Ix = 22.4x10^6 mm^4
tw = 4.8 mm; tf = 5.3 mm

44. Find the maximum allowable spacing (mm) of the rivets if the working stress for a rivet is 100
MPa in shear.
A) 140 B) 160 C) 180 D) 200
45. What is the corresponding maximum bearing stress (MPa) exerted by the rivets?
A) 245 B) 127 C) 222 D) 186
46. If the rivets are spaced 100 mm on centers, calculate the resulting bearing stress (MPa) in the
members connected.
A) 132 B) 138 C) 144 D) 150

SIT: Light-grade steel channel is used as a purlin of a truss. The top chord of the truss is inclined 1V:3H
and distance between trusses is equal to 3 m. The purlin has a weight of 75 N/m and spaced at 1 m
on centers. The dead load including the roof materials is 800 Pa, live load of 500 Pa and wind load
of 1200 Pa on roof surface. Coefficient of pressure at leeward and windward are 0.2 and 0.6
respectively. Use Fbx = Fby = 138 MPa; Sx = 4.48x10^4 mm^3; Sy = 1.18x10^4 mm^3
47. Ratio of maximum bending to allowable bending stress due to combination of DL + LL.
A. 0.84 B. 0.72 C. 0.63 D. 0.60
48. Ratio of maximum bending to allowable bending stress due to combination of 0.75(DL + LL +
WL). Sag rods are placed at mid point.
A. 0.40 B. 0.45 C. 0.52 D. 0.73
49. Ratio of maximum bending to allowable bending stress due to combination of 0.75(DL + LL +
WL). Sag rods are placed at third points.
A. 0.32 B. 0.42 C. 0.52 D. 0.62
Situation: The deck of a bridge consists of ribbed metal deck with a 10mm concrete slab on top. The
superstructure supporting the deck is made of wide flange steel beams strengthened by cover plate 16mm
x 260mm one at the top and one at the bottom and is placed 1.2m on centers. The beams are simply
supported over a span of 25m. The loads on each beam are as follows:

DL = 12KN/m (including beam weight and deck)

Wheel Live Loads:
Front wheel = 18KN
Rear wheel = 72KN

Page 8 of 12
Wheel Base = 4.3m
Impact factor= ≤ 30,
where L=length in m.
Properties of W850 x 185:
A = 23,750mm^2
tw = 15mm
tf = 20mm
D = 850mm
Ix = 2662x10^6mm^4
Iy = 81.52x10^6mm^4 bf = 200mm

50. Calculate the maximum bending stress (MPa) in the beam due to dead load.
a. 123
b. 92
c. 107
d. 98
51. Calculate the maximum bending stress (MPa) in the beam due to live load plus impact.
a. 68
b. 79
c. 62
d. 56
52. Calculate the maximum average web shear (MPa) stress in the beam due to live load.
a. 8.5
b. 7.6
c. 9.1
d. 12.2
Situation: A beam is built-up from the following A36 plates: 450x20 plates as flanges and 500x20 plate as
web. The beam is simply supported.
53. Determine the allowable bending stress (MPa) for a length of 4m.
a. 162.44
b. 163.68
c. 148.8
d. 123.48
54. Determine the allowable bending stress (MPa) for a length of 6m.
a. 162.44
b. 163.68
c. 148.8
d. 123.48
55. Determine the allowable bending stress for a length of 10m.
a. 125.6
b. 101.56
c. 167.12
d. 137.9

SIT: A W350x90kg/m is used for beams of a floor system as shown in Fig. STD0011.
Beams are spaced S = 1.5 m on centers and spans L = 4 m. In addition to the weight of
the beam, the dead load consists of a 125 mm thick reinforced concrete slab. The live
load is 3.8 kPa and there is a partition load of 1000 Pa.

Page 9 of 12
56. Calculate the tributary uniform load on an interior beam in kN/m.
A. 11.7 B. 12.58 C. 7.8 D. 8.38
57. If girder AD is fully restrained by the supporting columns, calculate the maximum
bending moment in kN·m.
A. 23.77 B. 29.80 C. 26.66 D. 25.16
58. Calculate the total axial load on column A in kN.
A. 52.65 B. 58.17 C. 50.32 D. 55.83
Situation: A 300 mm thick footing slab supports a 300 mm thick wall carrying uniform service dead load of
214.31 kN/m and service live load of 145.94 kN/m. The base of the wall footing slab is 1.2 m from the
ground surface. Design parameters are as follows: γsoil = 16 kN/m3, γconcl = 24 kN/m3, qa = 215.46 kPa,
f’c = 27 MPa and fy = 414 MPa.
59. Calculate the minimum required width of the wall footing slab.
a. 1.9 m
b. 2.0 m
c. 1.8 m
d. 1.7 m
60. Calculate the required center to center spacing of 16 mm bars for flexure.
a. 160 mm
b. 170 mm
c. 180 mm
d. 190 mm
61. Calculate the nominal beam shear stress on the footing slab.
a. 1.25 MPa
b. 0.91 MPa
c. 0.87 MPa
d. 0.77 MPa
62. Supports the weight of the structure and its applied loads.
A. Column
B. Foundation
C. Load Bearing Wall
D. All the above
63. This type of footing is adopted when the space between two columns is so small that the foundation
for individual columns will overlap.
A. Isolated Footing
B. Combined Footing
Page 10 of 12
C. Strap Footing
D. Strip Footing
64. A slender, structural member consisting steel or concrete or timber.
A. Pile Foundation
B. Deep Foundation
C. Slope Foundation
D. Braced Foundation
SIT: Two pieces of 75mm x 400mm Yakal members under tension are connected together by means of a
lap splice with 9pcs of 25mm dia. bolts as shown in Fig. SDTD 2.001. The working stresses for 80%
visually stress-graded unseasoned Yakal are as follows:
Bending and tension parallel to grain = 24.5 MPa
Compression parallel to grain = 15.8 MPa
Compression perpendicular to grain = 6.27 MPa
Shear parallel to grain = 2.48 MPa

65. Determine the net area of a timber member in mm2. Consider hole diameter to be 2mm larger
than the bolt diameter.
A) 23,925 B) 24,375 C) 24,847 D) 25,582
66. Determine the safe value of P considering the net area of the timber member.
A) 378 kN B) 385 kN C) 597 kN D) 586 kN
67. Determine the safe value of P considering the bearing of the bolts on the timber.
A) 266 kN B) 288 kN C) 413 kN D) 446 kN
Situation: The tensile member shown in FIGURE TMBR 1- 0001 has dimensions 50mm x 100mm.

68. At what angle Ø in degrees will the tensile stress at section AA be 44.15 MPa?

Page 11 of 12
a. 15
b. 20
c. 85
d. 70
69. If section AA makes an angle Ø = 30o with the x axis, determine the shearing stress (MPa) at section
AA.
a. 43
b. 22
c. 50
d. 19
70. If tensile stress is 45 MPa and shearing stress is 12 MPa, determine the dimension (mm) at section AA
at angle Ø with the x axis.
a. 108
b. 110
c. 100
d. 115
71. Where you will be able to identify the number of construction industry problems and suggested improvements
in the areas of project management, labor training and utilization and governmental regulation.
A. Management
B. Productivity
C. Control
D. Quality
72. A cross between an excavator and a backhoe or bucket loader.
A. Crawler Loader
B. Scraper
C. Trencher
D. Motor Grader
73. Are heavy equipment used for fine grading and for moving small amounts of dirt.
A. Crawler Loader
B. Scraper
C. Trencher
D. Motor Grader
74. A film of asphalt binder on the pavement surface. It usually creates a shiny, glass-like reflecting surface that can
become sticky when dry and slippery when wet.
A. Bleeding
B. Alligator Cracking
C. Block Cracking
D. Depression
75. An area of pavement that has been replaced with new material to repair the existing pavement.
A. Potholes
B. Patch
C. Ravel
D. Longitude

Page 12 of 12
CE 603 COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION
STRUCTURALENGINEERINGANDCONSTRUCTION
Problem 1.
The cylinders in the figure shown are piled in a rectangular ditch as shown.
Neglecting friction. Radius of cylinders A, B and C are 4, 6 and 5 m.

1. Which of the following gives the reaction between A and B.

a) 100 kN b) 120 kN c) 130 kN d) 140 kN

2. Which of the following gives the reaction between the wall and B.
a) 73.36 kN b) 93.36 kN c) 83.36 kN d) 63.36 kN

3. Which of the following gives the reaction between floor and A.

a) 55.04 kN b) 75.04 kN c) 65.04 kN d) 85.04 kN

Problem 2
The spiral column shown is to be designed to carry a safe ultimate load of 2900 kN.
Given:
Concrete compressive strength, fc’ = 28 MPa
Main reinforcement, fyL = 415 MPa
Spiral reinforcement, fyv = 275 MPa
Clear concrete cover = 40 mm
Capacity reduction factor ø = 0.75

4. Using a steel ratio of 0.025 relative to the gross concrete area, what
should the minimum column diameter in mm?
a) 350 mm b) 450 mm c) 550 mm d) 500 mm

5. The column diameter is 600 mm and the ratio of steel reinforcement to the gross concrete area,
ρg = 0.02. Find the required minimum diameter (mm) of the main reinforcement.
a) 28 mm ø b) 32 mm ø c) 36 mm ø d) 25 mm ø

6. What is the design axial strength of the column from the following results of “a” and “b”.
a) 4936 kN b) 3936 kN c) 5936 kN d) 6936 kN

Problem 3
A steel bar carries an ore bucket of weight, W hanging at its lower end.
Given: Bar diameter = 12 mm
Length = 18 m
Steel Modulus of Elasticity, E = 200GPa
Neglect the weight of the bar.

7. Calculate the weight, W in KN that can be safely carried so as not to exceed the allowable steel tensile
stress of 138 MPa.
a) 12.4 b) 15.6 c) 7.8 d) 24.8

8. Calculate the weight, W in KN that can be safely applied so as not to exceed the allowable elongation of
10 mm.
a) 4.8 b) 9.4 c) 12.6 d) 21.8

9. Calculate the total strain if the applied load, W = 20 KN.

a) 0.00088 b) 0.00044 c) 0.00067 d) 0.00056
Problem 4
Section properties of the double-tee
joist (DT) shown are as follows:
Area, A = 2.1 x 105 mm2
Moment of Inertia, I = 2.76 x 109 mm4
Concrete unit weight = 24 KN/m3

The joist is to be used on a simply

supported span of 8 m and is pre-tensioned with a total initial force of 1240 KN from low-relaxation
strands. The centroid of the strands is located at 220 mm below the neutral axis of the DT throughout the
beam span. Loss of pre-stress at service loads is 20%.
Total uniformly distributed loads on the joist are: Dead load = 4.5KPa (beam weight included);
Live load = 3.6KPa.

10. Compute the stress in MPa at the top fibers of the DT at the ends due to the initial pre-stress force.
a) 5.9 C b) 10.2 T c) 4.3 T d) 16.1 C

11. Compute the stress in MPa at the bottom fibers of the DT at mid-span due to the initial pre-stress force
only.
a) 35.8 C b) 4.3 T c) 24.0 T d) 5.9 C

12. Compute the resulting stress in MPa at the bottom fibers of the DT at mid-span due to the service loads
and pre-stress force.
a) 11.6 C b) 28.7 C c) 7.0 T d) 17.1 T

Problem 5
The butt connection shows 8 – 22 mm ø A 325 bolts spaced as follows:
Middle plate thickness is 16mm. Upper and lower plates are 12mm
Steel strength and stresses are:
Yield strength, Fy = 248 MPa
Ultimate strength, Fu = 400 MPa
Allowable tensile stress on the gross area = 148 MPa
Allowable tensile stress on the net area = 200 MPa
Allowable shear stress on the net area, Fv = 120 MPa
Bolt hole diameter = 25 mm

Calculate the
allowable tensile load,
T in KN, under the
following conditions:

13. Based on the gross

area of the plate.
a) 571 b) 379
c) 762 d) 286

14. Based on the net

area of the plate.
a) 528 b) 352
c) 264 d) 432

15. Based on block shear strength.

a) 230 b) 307 c) 480 d) 608

Problem 6
Which of the following terms is described herein?

16. Stressing high strength steel wires before the concrete hardens.
a) Post tensioning b) creep c) pre-tensioning d) relaxation
17. Stressing high strength steel after the concrete has been cast and has attained sufficient strength.
a) Pre tensioning b) relaxation c) post tensioning d) creep

18. Loss of stress that takes place with the passage of time as concrete strain.
a) Post tensioning b) creep c) pre-tensioning d) relaxation

Problem 7
To prevent the ladder weighing 600N from sliding down, the man exerts a horizontal force at C. The
coefficient of friction at A is 0.20 while surface B
is frictionless.

19. What is the vertical reaction in N at A?

a) 180 b) 600 c) 273 d) 480

20. What is the horizontal reaction in N at A?

a) 55 b) 120 c) 96 d) 36

21. What is the horizontal force in N exerted by

the man at C?
a) 288 b) 125 c) 533 d) 800

Problem 8
Four cables are used to lift a precast concrete slab with dimensions 3m x 3m and 76 mm thick. The cables
are attached to a hook above the center point of the slab.
Area of each cable = 79 mm2
Concrete unit weight = 24 KN/m3

22. What is the tensile force in KN in each of the

cables?
a) 6.0 b) 8.2 c) 5.1 d) 4.1

23. Determine the normal stress in MPa in each of

the cables.
a) 65 b) 52 c) 104 d) 76

24. If the cables elongate by 1 mm, what is the

vertical displacement in mm of the precast slab?
a) 1.0 b) 1.46 c) 1.94 d) 1.25

Problem 9
Refer to figure and NSCP Specifications:
Given: Dead load = 4.8KPa (weight of slab included)
Live load = 2.9KPa
U = 1.4 D + 1.7 L
Dimensions and stresses:
Beam b x h = 300 mm x 400 mm
Concrete cover to slab reinforcement = 20 mm
Slab reinforcement = 10 mm
Slab thickness, t = 100 mm
S = 2.8 m
L = 6.0 m
Concrete, F’c = 20.7 MPa
Steel, Fy = 275 MPa
25. Find the
positive moment,
Mu in KN-m at the
span bounded by
B-E-F-C.
a) 5.2
b) 8.3
c) 4.5
d) 6.6

26. What is the

spacing in mm of
the 10 mm bars
required for the
negative moment, Mu in KN-m, at the interior beam support BE?
a) 135 b) 200 c) 150 d) 170

27. What is the maximum spacing in mm of the 10 mm o bars as prescribed by design codes?
a) 300 b) 390 c) 450 d) 520

Problem 10
The rigid bar AB is hinged at A and supported by a
steel plate hanger, designated as d. The hanger is
fixed at C and bolted at D with two plates.
Width of plate hanger = 40 mm
Thickness of plate hanger = 10 mm
Bolt diameter = 20 mm
Allowable bolt shear stress = 68 MPa
Allowable bolt bearing stress = 240 MPa
E = 200GPa

28. What is the allowable tensile stress in MPa in the

hanger based on bolt capacity in double shear at D?
a) 94.2 b) 53.4 c) 106.8 d) 188.5

29. If the maximum tensile stress in the hanger is 138 MPa, find the allowable load, W in KN.
a) 34.5 b) 23.6 c) 47.1 d) 27.1

30. If the load, W = 60 kN, find the vertical displacement in mm at B.

a) 3.6 b) 11.5 c) 5.8 d) 1.8

Problem 11
A simply supported girder of a bridge spans 25 m. The standard truck load (H load) consists of two moving
loads, 4.3 m apart. The loads are as follows: P1 = 35.6KN and P2 = 142.4KN.

31. Calculate the maximum support reaction in KN.

a) 171.88 b) 207.58 c) 178 d) 142.4

32. Calculate the maximum moment in KN-m in the girder.

a) 1,037.3 b) 890 c) 1,718.8 d) 2,148.5

33. Calculate the maximum shear in KN at mid-span.

a) 82.88 b) 142.4 c) 35.6 d) 178
Problem 12
Figure shows a semi-circular arch
subjected to equal but oppositely
directed forces at A and B.

34. Find the shear force in KN at D.

a) 0.84 b) 1.4
c) 1.12 d) 1.75

35. What is the moment in KN-m acting at D?

a) 0.84 b) 1.12 c) 1.4 d) 1.75

36. Determine the axial force in KN at D.

a) 0.84 b) 1.4 c) 1.12 d) 1.75

Problem 13
Figure shown with total length of beam of 10m:

37. What is the moment in KN-m at mid-span if x1 = 2m?

a) 45 b) 37.5 c) 75
d) 150

38. Find the distance x1, in m if the moment at mid-span

is zero.
a) 1.0 b) 1.5 c) 2.5 d) 5.0

39. Determine the distance x2 in m so that the maximum moment in the beam is the least possible value.
a) 5.86 b) 4.5 c) 5.0 d) 6.0

Problem 14
40. Calculate the maximum deflection in mm of a 5 m long cantilever beam given the following:
Beam, b x h = 250 mm x 400 mm
Total load = 27 KN/m
Modulus of elasticity, E = 25GPa
a) 63 b) 7 c) 30 d) 41

Problem 15
Figure shown:
P = 60 KN
Allowable shearing stress = 82 MPa
Allowable bearing stress = 138 MPa
Thickness of the yoke = 12 mm
41. What is the minimum bolt diameter in mm required?
a) 16 b) 22 c) 20 d) 18

Problem 16
42. Which term refers to the ability of a material to absorb energy in the elastic range?
a) Resilience b) stiffness c) plasticity d) toughness

43. Which material has the same composition at any point?

a) Isotropic b) Plastic c) Homogeneous d) Orthotropic

44. A column is to be reinforced with 8 – 28 mm bars. If 25 mm bars are substituted, how many are needed
if the column reinforcement has to be equal on four sides?
a) 16 b) 10 c) 12 d) 18
45. What is the maximum longitudinal stress in MPa in a steel tank 3m in diameter, 12 mm thick and filled
with water to a depth of 6m?
a) 7.36 b) 3.68 c) 5.88 d) 1.76

46. What is the term which refers to the ability of a material to deform in plastic range without breaking?
a) Stiffness b) Resilience c) Elongation d) Ductility

47. A series of uniformly spaced hangers along a parabolic

cable support a suspended girder as shown. What is the
tension KN in the cable at mid-span (point B) where the
slope is zero?
a) 450 b) 360 c) 562.5
d) 225

Problem 17
A trial batch for normal weight concrete with an average 28th day compressive strength of
42 MPa is to be proportioned based on the following:
Slump 50 mm to 100 mm
Water-cement ratio by weight 0.41
Specific gravity of cement 3.15
Specific gravity of coarse aggregate 2.68
Specific gravity of fine aggregate 2.64
Water (net mixing) 200 kg/m3
Volume of rodded coarse aggregate 0.64 m3/m3
Unit weight of coarse aggregate 15.7 KN/m3
Unit weight of concrete 23.6 KN/m3

48. What is the required dry rodded weight (KN) of coarse aggregate?
a) 10 kN b) 11 kN c) 12 kN d) 13 kN

49. Find the combined weight (KN) of cement and water.

a) 6.74 kN b) 7.74 kN c) 5.74 kN d) 4.74 kN

50. How much is the required weight (KN) of dry sand?

a) 4.86 kN b) 5.86 kN c) 6.86 kN d) 7.86 kN

Problem 18
A rectangular bar, 25 mm x 50 mm in cross section is subjected to a tensile force, P = 80 KN. Plane
A-A makes and angle, θ = 300 with the x-axis.

51. What is the tensile stress in MPa on plane A – A?

a) 30 b) 55 c) 48 d) 64

52. Find the shear stress in MPa on plane A - A?

a) 48.0 b) 32.1 c) 64.0 d) 27.7

53. At what angle in degrees of plane A - A is the shear stress maximum?

a) 45 b) 60 c) 30 d) 75

Problem 19
A 9m high retaining wall is laterally supported at the top and fixed at the base. The wall resists active earth
pressure increasing from zero at the top to 52 KN/m at the base per meter strip of length along the
longitudinal axis.

54. Determine the design moment in KN-m at the base. EI value is constant throughout.
a) 280.8 b) 140.4 c) 421.2 d) 702.0
55. If the lateral support at the top of the wall were removed, determine the design moment in KN-m at the
base.
a) 281 b) 211 c) 702 d) 1,404

56. Determine the resulting base shear in KN if the wall is free at the top.
a) 187 b) 234 c) 440 d) 47

Problem 20
Given:
Soil unit weight = 18.8 KN/m3
Concrete unit weight = 24 KN/m3
Active earth pressure coefficient = 1/3
The required strength of the wall, U = 0.7D + 1.7 E where D is dead
load and E is earth pressure.
Consider per meter strip of wall along its length.

57. Calculate the factor of safety against sliding of the wall.

Consider coefficient of friction at the base = 0.57. Neglect passive
earth pressure at the toe.
a) 0.72 b) 2.54 c) 2.0 d) 1.45
58. Calculate the maximum design moment in KN-m, Mu at the stem of the wall.
a) 676.8 b) 250.6 c) 383.5 d) 286.9

Problem 21
A girder spans 9 m. on simple supports. It carries two (2) beams, each inducing equal concentrated load
P, at third points of the span.
Given: Girder Properties
A = 12500 mm2 Ix = 446 x 106 mm4 Iy = 23 x 106 mm4
d = 465 mm tf = 19 mm tw = 11 mm
bf = 193 mm
Fb (allowable bending) = 164 MPa
Fv (allowable shear stress) = 99 MPa
E (modulus of elasticity) = 200 GPa

59. Based on the flexural capacity of the girder, what is the maximum load, P (KN)?
a) 155 KN b) 125 KN c) 105 KN d) 135 KN

60. Which of the following gives the maximum load, P (KN) based on shear capacity of the girder?
a) 406 KN b) 306 KN c) 506 KN d) 606 KN

61. To strengthen the girder, two (2) cover plates are added, one at the top and the other at the bottom
flange. The cover plates are 16 mm thick and the concentrated load P = 180 KN. Which of the following
gives the required width of the cover plate based on bending stress?
a) 200 mm b) 220 mm c) 230 mm d) 240 mm

Problem 22
The beam W 410mm x 67 kg/m with 9mm web thickness
subjects the girder W 530mm x 109 kg/m with 12mm
web thickness to a shear load, P. Two angle 90mm x
90mm x 6mm with 4-22 mm bolts frame the beam to
the girder as shown.
Given: Steel strength and Allowable stresses
Yield stress, Fy = 248 MPa
Bolt shear stress, Fv = 120 MPa
Bolt bearing stress, Fp = 480 MPa
Bolt hole diameter = 25 mm
62. Determine the allowable load P in KN based on the shear
capacity of the 4 – 22mmo bolts.
a) 471 b) 182 c) 235 d) 365

63. Calculate the allowable load P in KN based on bolt bearing

stress on the web of the beam.
a) 380 b) 432 c) 210 d) 760

64. If P = 300 KN at an eccentricity, e = 50 mm, determine the

tensile stress in MPa on the critical bolt of the
8 – 22 mm bolts.
a) 98 b) 74 c) 118 d) 49

Problem 23
Figure shows a tied column supporting a flat
slab.
Given: Concrete, f’c = 27.5 MPa
Steel, fy = 415 MPa
Concrete cover to the center of longitudinal
bars = 70 mm
Effective length factor, k = 1.0
Flexural rigidity, EI = 640,000 kN-m2
Assume that all bars yield.

65. Which of the following gives the location of the plastic centroid in mm from line 1?
a) 730 b) 330 c) 70 d) 400

66. Calculate the critical buckling load, Pc in KN.

a) 971,000 b) 636,000 c) 853,000 d) 702,000

67. Calculate the nominal axial strength in KN of the column.

a) 13,200 b) 11,300 c) 14,110 d) 10,000

Problem 24
Given: Properties of Steel Column:
Depth, d = 305 mm
Web thickness, tw = 7.5 mm
Flange width, bf = 200 mm
Flange thickness, tf = 12 mm
Base plate, B x N = 300 mm x 450 mm
Loads:
P = 720 KN H = 160 KN
Allowable base plate bending stress, Fb = 186 MPa
Allowable bolt shear stress, Fv = 68 MPa
Allowable weld shear stress, Fw = 124 MPa
68. Find the required base plate thickness (mm). Consider fixity at
the edges of a rectangle whose sides have dimensions equal to
0.80bf and 0.95d.
a) 24 mm b) 28 mm c) 34 mm d) 20 mm

69. Using 16 mm ø bolts, how many are required to resist the lateral load?
a) 16 b) 14 c) 12 d) 10

70. Using 8 mm thick fillet weld, what is the total length (mm) required to resist the lateral load?
a) 205 mm b) 228 mm c) 325 mm d) 300 mm
Problem 25
Given:
Ultimate load, Wu = 12 KN/m S = 2.8 m
t = 100 mm L = 6.0 m
b x h = 300 x 400 mm
Slab reinforcement = 10 mm diameter
Clear concrete cover to reinforcement = 20 mm
Concrete, fc’ = 20.7 MPa
Steel, fy = 275 MPa

71. What is the spacing of reinforcement (mm) required

for the moment at the interior beam support BE.
a) 220 mm b) 250 mm c) 200 mm
d) 100 mm

72. What is the spacing of reinforcement (mm) for the positive moment at the span bounded by BEFC as
prescribed by design codes?
a) 225 mm b) 205 mm c) 215 mm d) 235 mm

73. What is the maximum spacing (mm) of 10 mm diameter bars prescribed by design codes?
a) 200 mm b) 250 mm c) 300 mm d) 350 mm

Problem 26
A rectangular footing 2.5 m. wide along the x-axis and 3 m. long parallel to the y-axis supports a
concentrically located column 0.6 m x 0.6 m in area.
Given: Footing ultimate loads.
Axial load, Pu = 1500 kN Concrete, fc’ = 20.7 MPa
Moment about the y-axis, My = 180 kN.m. Steel, Fy = 415 MPa
Effective depth of footing = 350 mm

74. Find the maximum punching shear stress (MPa) due to the axial load only.
a) 1.17 MPa b) 1.87 MPa c) 0.87 MPa d) 2.17 MPa

75. What is the maximum wide beam shear stress (MPa) due to the given footing loads?
a) 0.40 MPa b) 0.49 MPa c) 0.79 MPa d) 0.90 MPa

NOTING FOLLOWS
DYNAMICS OF RIGID BODIES_FirstTerm2019

Problem 01.

The car in Figure shown moves in a straight line such that for a short time its velocity is defined by v = (3t2 +
2t) m/s, where t is in seconds. Determine

a. Its position when t = 3 s. When t = 0, s = 0.

b. Its acceleration when t = 3 s. When t = 0, s = 0
c. Its velocity when to = 3 s

Answer: s = 36 m, a = 20 m/s2, v = 33m/s

Problem 02.

Two cars A and B have a velocity of 25m/s in the same direction. Car A is 73.5m behind car B when the brakes
are applied to car B, causing it to decelerate at a constant rate of 3m/s2
a. In what time will A overtake B?
b. How far will car A travel?
c. How far will car B travel?
Answer: t = 7s, Xa = 175m, Xb = 101.5m

Problem 03.

A train moving with constant acceleration travels at 7.32 m/s after the 10th sec of its motion and 5.49 m/s
during the 12th sec of its motion.

a. Find its initial velocity

b. its constant acceleration

Answer: Vo = 16.47m/s, a = - 0.915m/s2

Problem 04.

A ball is dropped from the top of a tower 25 m high at the same instant that a second ball is thrown upward
from the ground with an initial velocity of 12 m/s.

a. When do they pass each other,

b. where do they pass each other, and
c. With what relative velocity?

Answer: t = 2.083s, h = 21.28m, Vr = 12.0m/s

DYNAMICS OF RIGID BODIES_FirstTerm2019

Problem 05.

A stone was dropped from a balloon which is ascending at a rate of 6m/s when the
stone was 70m above the ground

a. What is the velocity of the stone after 3 seconds?

b. What is the time required for the stone to attain a downward velocity of
15m/s?
c. How long did it take the stone to hit the ground

Answer: V = -23.43m/s, t = 2.14s, Vg = 4.44m/s

Problem 06.

A stone is dropped down a well and 5 sec later, the sounds of the splash is heard. If the velocity of sound is
340 m/s,

a. What is the depth of the well?

b. Time the stone reach the depth of the well
c. Time for the sound to travel up the well

Answer: H = 107.64m

Problem 07.

During a test a rocket travels upward at 75 m/s, and is 40 m from the

ground when its engine fails. Neglect the effect of air resistance.
a. Determine the maximum height reached by the rocket and
b. its speed just before it hits the ground.

Answer: H = 327 m, Vg = -80.1 m/s

Problem 08.

A stone is dropped from a captive balloon at an elevation of 300m. Two seconds later another stone is
thrown vertically upward from the ground with a velocity of 75m/s,

a. When the stones pass each other?

b. Where the stones pass each other above the ground?

Answer: t = 5s, H = 183m

DYNAMICS OF RIGID BODIES_FirstTerm2019

Problem 9.

Water drops from a faucet at the rate of 5 drops per second.

a. What is the position of the lower drop if it has attained a velocity of

3m/s?
b. What is the position of the upper drop if the lower drop has attained a
velocity of 3m/s?
c. What is the distance between two consecutive drops after the lower
drop attains a velocity of 3m/s?

Answer: h1 = 459mm, h2 = 55mm, S = 404mm

Problem 10.

Car A starts from rest at t = 0 and travels along a straight road with a constant acceleration of 1.83m/s2 until
it reaches a speed of 24m/s. Afterwards it maintains this speed. Also, when t = 0, car B located 1830m down
the road is traveling towards A at a constant speed of 18.3m/s. Determine the distance traveled by car A
when they pass each other.

Answer: Xa = 970m

Problem 11a.

A bullet is fired at an initial velocity of 150 m/s and an angle of 56° at the top of a 120 m tall building.
Neglecting air resistance, determine the following:

a. The maximum height above the level ground that can be reached by the bullet.
b. The time for the bullet to hit the ground.
c. The velocity with which the bullet will hit the ground.

Answer: Hm = 908.19m; t = 26.3s, Vg = 157.66m/s

Problem 11b.

A projectile is fired from the edge of a 150m cliff with an initial velocity of 180m/sec at an angle 300 with the
horizontal. Neglecting air resistance,

a. The horizontal distance from the gun to the point where it strikes the ground
b. The time the projectile strikes the ground after it is fired
c. The greatest elevation above the ground reached by the projectile

Answer: H = 3100m; t = 19.89seconds; Y = 563m

DYNAMICS OF RIGID BODIES_FirstTerm2019

Problem 12.

A projectile is fired up the inclined plane at an

initial velocity of 15 m/s. The plane is making an
angle of 30° from the horizontal. If the projectile
was fired at 30° from the incline, compute the
maximum height z measured perpendicular to the
incline that is reached by the projectile. Neglect air
resistance.

Answer: z=3.31 m

Problem 13.

A sack slides off the ramp, shown in Figure, with a horizontal

velocity of 12 m/s. If the height of the ramp is 6 m from the
floor, determine the time needed for the sack to strike the floor
and the range R where sacks begin to pile up.

Answer: tAB = 1.11 sec.; R = 13.27 m

Problem 14.

Determine the speed at which the basketball at A

must be thrown at the angle of 30° so that it
makes it to the basket at B.

Ans. t = 0.9334, Va = 12.37 m/s

Problem 14a.

A ball is shot at a ground level at an angle 600 with the horizontal with an initial velocity of 100m/s.
Determine the following

a. The height of the ball after 2 seconds

b. The horizontal location of the ball after 2 seconds
c. The velocity of the ball after 2 seconds
d. The time the ball hit the ground

Ans. 153.59m, 100m, 83.58m/s, 17.66sec.

DYNAMICS OF RIGID BODIES_FirstTerm2019

Problem 15.

The disk rotates about a fixed axis at O. During the period t = 0 to t = 4 s,

the angular position of the line OA in the disk varies as θ(t) = t3−12t +6
rad, where t is in seconds.
1. The angular velocity and the angular acceleration of the disk at
the end of the period;
2. the angular displacement of the disk during the period
3. The total angle(absolute magnitude) turned through by the disk
during the period

Answer: ω = 36 rad/s (CCW); α = 24 rad/s2 (CCW)

 = 16 rad (CCW)   = 48 rad (no direction)

Problem 16.

The velocity and acceleration of the belt running between

the motor A and the pulley B are v = 16 m/s and a = −9m/s2,
respectively. Determine the angular velocities and angular
accelerations of pulleys B and C.

1. The angular velocity and acceleration of pulleys B,

2. The linear velocity and acceleration between belt B &
C
3. The angular velocity and accelerations of pulleys C

Answer:

Pulley B > ωB = 64 rad/s ; αB = -36 rad/s2

Belt between B and C > VBC = 6.4 m/s ; aBC = -3.6 m/s2
Pulley C > ωC = 21.3 rad/s ; αC = -12 rad/s2

Problem 17.

The system shown starts from rest and accelerates uniformly. Knowing that
mm
40

at t = 4seconds, the velocity of the load is 4.95m/s downward, determine A 50

0m
m

1. The angular acceleration of gear A,

2. The number of revolutions executed by gear A during the 4-second
interval. B
3. The number of revolutions executed by gear B during the 4-second
interval

Answer:  = 28.28 rad/s2, NA = 36.0 rev, NB = 4.5 rev

0mm
35
DYNAMICS OF RIGID BODIES_FirstTerm2019

Problem 18.

The flexible belt runs around two pulleys of different radii. At the
instant shown, point C on the belt has a velocity of 5 m/s and an
acceleration of 50 m/s2 in the direction indicated in the figure.
1. The acceleration of point A on the belt at this instant
2. The acceleration of point B on the belt at this instant

Answer: a = 174.0 m/s2, a = 255.0 m/s2

Problem 19a.

The racing car shown is traveling at 90 km/h when it enters the

semicircular curve at A. The driver increases the speed at a uniform
rate, emerging from the curve at C at 144 km/h. Determine the
following,
1. The tangential acceleration when the car is at B
2. The normal acceleration when the car is at B
3. The magnitude of the acceleration when the car is at B.,

Answer: at = 1.55m/s2, an = 11.12m/s2, a = 11.23m/s2

Problem 19b.

The sports car, having a mass of 1700 kg, travels horizontally along a 20° banked track which is circular and
has a radius of curvature of 100 m. If the coefficient of
static friction between the tires and the road is  = 0.2,

4. Determine the maximum constant speed at

which the car can travel without sliding up
the slope. Neglect the size of the car
5. Determine the minimum speed at which the car can travel around the track without sliding down
the slope.

Answer: Vmax = 24.43 m/s: Vmin = 12.24 m/s

DYNAMICS OF RIGID BODIES_FirstTerm2019

Problem 20.

The 40N box A is initially at rest on the surface having coefficient of friction of 0.12. It is subjected to a
constant 20-N horizontal force. Determine the acceleration and velocity of the box if it has moved 7455.6mm
in 2 seconds. Solve using

1. The Newton’s 2nd Law,

2. The Impulse and momentum
3. The work and energy

Answer: a = 3.73 m/s2, v = 7.46 m/s

Problem 21.

A constant force of 750N acts on the block shown during the first 6m only from rest. The
750N
coefficient of friction is 0.20. Determine
1600N 3
1. The velocity and time after it moved a distance 6m, 4
2. The velocity and time the blocks after it moved a distance of 9m
3. The total distance and time travel by the block before coming to rest.
Ans: V6 = 5.22m/s, t6 = 2.3s; V9 = 3.93m/s, t9 = 2.96s; Xs = 12.94m, ts = 4.96s

Problem 22.

The speed of the car at the base of a 10m hill is 54 km/h. Assuming, that
the driver keeps her foot off the brake and accelerator pedals, what will
be the speed of the car at the top of the hill?

Answer: V2 = 19.32 kph

Problem 23.

The man slides the 100-kg crate across the floor by pulling with a
constant force of 200 N. If the crate was initially at rest, how far will the
crate move before its speed is 1 m/s? The coefficient of kinetic friction
between the crate and the floor is 0.18.

Answer: x = 2.1 m
DYNAMICS OF RIGID BODIES_FirstTerm2019

Problem 24.

The 2-kg slider in figure 1 is given a downward velocity of 4m/s when it is at 2m

A. If the spring has an un-stretched length of 1-m and stiffness of 30N/m,
A B
determine

a. the velocity of the collar when S is 1-m, and

S
b. work done by the slider from A to C

Ans. v = 5.26 m/s; WAC =11.7 N-m C

Problem 25.

The 0.31-kg mass slides on a frictionless wire that lies in the

vertical plane. The ideal spring attached to the mass has a free
length of 80mm and its stiffness constant is k in N/m. Calculate
the value of the stiffness constant if the mass is to reach the
top of the wire where it stops after being released from rest at
A, and that b = 150mm.

Ans. k = 120.14 N/m

Problem 26.

10-kg package, initially at rest at A, is propelled

between A and B by a constant force P shown on
the graph. Assuming frictionless surfaces

1. Find the smallest value of P for which

the package will reach D
2. Find the velocity at C
3. Find the velocity at B

Answer: P = 98 N, VC = 6.26m/s, VB = 6.26m/s,

DYNAMICS OF RIGID BODIES_FirstTerm2019

Problem 27.

If the mass of block A is 10kg and the mass of block B is 5kg, find the following
1. The acceleration of block A
2. The acceleration of block B
3. The tension of the cable connected to block B

Answer: aA = 6.54m/s2; aB = -3.27m/s2; TB =

Problem 28.

A 5-kg block A in figure shown travels to the right at 0.6m/s at the instant.
Mass of block B is 10kg. If the coefficient of friction is 0.20, determine
A
1. the acceleration of block B after it has moved 1.2m., and
2. the velocity of block A after it has moved 1.2m.

Answer: aB = -2.616 m/s2; vA = 3.59 m/s

B

Problem 29.
The blocks A and B are connected by a cable that runs around two
pulleys of negligible mass. The kinetic coefficient of friction the inclined
plane and block A is 0.4. If the initial velocity of A is 8 m/s down the
plane, determine the following
1. The acceleration of block A
2. The acceleration of block B
3. The tension in the cable
4. The displacement of A when the system comes to rest.

Answer: aA = -2.85m/s2; aB = 1.425m/s2; TB = 25.18M; x =11.22m

Problem 30.

Two smooth disks A and E, having a mass of 1 kg and 2 kg, respectively, collide with the velocities shown. If
the coefficient of restitution for the disks is e = 0.75,
determine the x and y components of the final velocity of
each disk just after collision.
450

Answer

VAx = -1.26 m/s: VBx = 1 .22 m/s

VAy = 1.50 m/s: VBy = - 0.707 m/s
DYNAMICS OF RIGID BODIES_FirstTerm2019

Problem 31.

The 20-g bullet B hits the 10-kg stationary block A with a

horizontal velocity of 600 m/s. The kinetic coefficient of
friction between the block and the horizontal surface is 0.25.

1. Determine the total distance moved

by the block after the impact; and
2. The percentage of mechanical energy lost during the
impact. Assume that the bullet becomes embedded in
the block.

Answer: x = 292mm; Energy Loss = 99.8%

Problem 32.

A ball, on the frictionless table 1000m high rolling with a horizontal velocity V0 drops to a frictionless floor.
Knowing that the ball hits the floor a distance 150mm from the edge of the table and that coefficient of
restitution is 0.85, determine
1. Velocity V0,
2. The maximum height of the ball after the first bounce,
3. The total horizontal distance on the 2nd bounce

Answer: V0 = 1/3 m/s, h1 = 722.5 mm, Xt = 406 mm

Problem 33.

The three identical 2-kg blocks slide on the horizontal surface with negligible friction. Initially A is moving to
the right at 3 m/s while B and C are at rest. Assuming all
collisions to be plastic, determine the velocities of the block A
after
1. The first collision; and
2. The second collision.

Answer: V2 = 1.5 m/s; V3 = 1.0 m/s

Problem 34.

The three blocks slide on the horizontal surface with negligible friction. Initially A is moving to the right at
6m/s while B is moving to the left at 4m/s and C is at rest. Mass A is 6kg, mass B is 4kg, and mass C is 8kg.
Assuming all collisions to be having coefficient of restitution of 0.4, determine the velocities of the block A
after
1. The first collision; and 6m/s 4m/s
2. The second collision if there is any.

Answer: V’ = m/s; V’’ = 1m/s

Reinforced Concrete_Lec01_August2019

Problem 1
A plain rectangular concrete beam 300 mm x 500 mm is cast using a concrete strength fc’ = 27.5 MPa.
Allowable tensile stress of concrete is 3.67 MPa.
1. Determine the magnitude of the bending moment that causes the plain concrete beam to crack.
2. If used as a simple beam, what length of beam can cause collapse due to self-weight alone? Assume
weight of concrete to be 23.5kN/m3.
3. If the beam is reinforced with 3 – 22 mm at the bottom placed at an effective depth of 430 mm,
determine the magnitude of the bending moment that cracks the reinforced concrete section.
Assume a modular ratio of 8.
Answer: 45.88kN-m, 10.20 m, 51.5kN.m.

Problem 2
A trapezoidal beam is reinforced with As = 1473 mm2 at the Tension
zone which is located 535 mm below the compression fiber at the top of
the beam. Assume modular ratio of 7.77 Allowable tensile stress of
Concrete to be 2.7 MPa.
1. Determine the cracking moment of the reinforced section.
2. Determine the maximum bending stress in the compression
concrete.
3. Determine the stress in the tension steel upon cracking.

Answer: Mcr = 44.83kN-m, fc= 2.63 MPa, Fs= 16.50 MPa.

Problem 3
A rectangular reinforced concrete beam has width of 200mm and an effective depth of 500mm is subjected
to a service moment of 120kN-m. The beam is reinforced with 4-25mm re-bars. If modular ratio is 8,
compute
1. The distance of the neutral axis from the top of the beam
2. The maximum stress of the concrete beam.
3. The maximum stress of the reinforcing steel.
Answer: 212.51mm, 13.16MPa, 142.4MPa.
Reinforced Concrete_Lec01_August2019

Problem 4 CE Board Jan 2008

A rectangular reinforced concrete beam 250 mm x 625 mm is cast using a concrete strength fc’ = 27.6 MPa.
Allowable tensile stress of concrete is 3.28 MPa and Fy=414.7MPa. Tension bars of 1473mm2. Effective
depth of the beam is 575mm. If the beam carries a bending moment of 61kN-m, determine
1. The compressive stress of the concrete beam.
2. The tensile stress of the concrete beam.
3. The tensile stress of the reinforcing steel.
Answer: 3.49MPa, 3.14MPa, 20.8MPa

Problem 5 CE Board Jan 2013

A decorative concrete beam has a tubular section is simply supported on a span of 4.5m. Concrete weighs
24kN/m3.
1. Compute the cracking moment of the beam if the outside diameter is 600mm and inside diameter
of 300mm. Cracking stress is 3.22MPa
2. What is the concentrated load, in addition to its own weight at mid-span before the beam cracks?
3. Calculate the cracking moment if the hollow core of the tubular section is replaced by a 300mm
square section.
Answer: 64kN-m, 45.45kN, 61kN-m.

Problem 6
From the figure shown, given the following data
Diameter of stirrups = 12mm; clear cover = 40mm; Bottom layer
bars = 28mm; Upper layer bars = 25mm; size of coarse aggregates =
h
20mm; diameter of vibrator = 50mm, F’c = 20.7MPa, Fy = 415MPa 4-25mm
1. Compute the value of “a” 4-28mm
2. Compute the value of “b”
3. Compute the maximum center to center spacing between bars a
b
in the layer closest to the tension f ace of the member to limit
the widths of flexural cracks in the beam
Answer: 26.67mm, 366mm, 280mm.

Problem 7
From load analysis shown, the following factored design forces in the girder is obtained. Mu = 440kN-m; b =
400mm; h = 500mm; Fy = 415MPa; max = 0.021; F’c = 21MPa. Concrete covering = 65mm. Determine the
required tension steel reinforcement for the given factored moment.
Answer: 3550mm2
Reinforced Concrete_Lec01_August2019

Problem 8 CE Board May 2012

A beam section has width of 300mm and height of 450mm with effective depth of 380mm. F’c = 30MPa; Fy
= 415MPa. The beam is simply supported on a span of 5m, and carries a superimposed dead load of
16kN/m and live load of 14kN/m. Concrete weighs 23.5kN/m3. Use 2010 NSCP
1. Compute the maximum moment at ultimate condition.
2. The number of 16mm required if the Mu = 200kN-m
3. The number of 16mm required if the beam carries an ultimate concentrated load of 50kN at the
min-span.
Answer: 140.6kN-m, 8-16mm, 3-16mm.

Problem 9 CE Board Nov 2009

A beam section has width of 300mm and an effective depth of 460mm with 2-28mm tension bars. If the
F’c = 35MPa; Fy = 350MPa.
1. Compute the depth of compression stress block.
2. Compute the balanced steel ratio.
3. Compute the required number of steel reinforcement.
4. Find the ratio of compression block to the distance of the top fiber to the neutral axis.
5. Compute the depth of stress block under balanced condition.
Answer: 48.29mm; 0.0429; 4,443.6mm2; 0.80; 232.42mm

Problem 10 CE Board Dec 2014

After frame analysis, the resulting bending moments at working loads of a beam are as follows. MDL =
110kN-m; MLL = 65kN-m; MEQ = 50kN-m. If the F’c = 28MPa; Fy = 415MPa; bal = 0.0288; concrete covering
of 70mm. Using required strength U = 1.32DL + 0.55LL + 1.1EQ
1. Find the required depth of the beam if the width is limited to 250mm designed as singly reinforced.
2. Determine the number of 20mm if the section is 300x600mm
3. Compute the ultimate moment capacity of the beam is section is 250x500mm with 3-25mm bars.
Answer: 450mm; 4-20mm; 231.4kN-m

Problem 10a
A simply supported beam is reinforced with 4-25mm bars at the bottom and 2-25mm bars at the top of
the beam. The 6-m span beam has 300x400mm section. If the F’c = 30MPa; Fy = 415MPa; bal = 0.031;
concrete covering of 70mm.
1. Compute the depth of the compression block
2. Determine the required strength using strength reduction factor of 0.90.
3. Determine the concentrated live load at mid-span if addition to 20kN/m dead load.
Answer: 106.52mm; 198.44kN-m; 37.68kN
Reinforced Concrete_Lec01_August2019

Problem 11 CE Board Nov 2012

A simply supported beam is reinforced with 4-28mm bars at the bottom and 2-28mm bars at the top of
the beam. The 6-m span beam has 300x400mm section. If the F’c = 30MPa; Fy = 415MPa; bal = 0.031;
concrete covering of 70mm.
1. Compute the depth of the compression block
2. Determine the required strength using strength reduction factor of 0.90.
3. Determine the concentrated live load at mid-span if addition to 20kN/m dead load.
Answer: 95.93mm; 253.74kN-m; 60.725kN

Problem 11a CE Board Nov 2013

A concrete beam, 350 mm wide by 400 mm deep is simply supported on a span of 5 m. The beam is
reinforced with 4 – 28 mm ø bars in tension and 2 – 28 mm ø bars in compression.
Given:
Concrete, fc’ = 20.7 MPa Steel, fy = 415 MPa
Concrete cover to the centroid of reinforcements = 70 mm
Balanced steel ratio, ρb = 0.021
1. Calculate the depth of the rectangular stress block (mm) based on a uniform compressive stress of
0.85 fc’ and maximum concrete strain, ε = 0.003. For simplification, assume both tension and
compression steel yields. Neglect concrete area displaced by steel.
2. Determine the design bending strength, Mu Capacity reduction factor, ø = 0.90
3. If the beam were reinforced such that the nominal bending strength at factored loads is 400kN-m,
what is the safe concentrated live load at mid-span that the beam in addition to a total dead load of
20kN/m can carry? Use U = 1.4DL + 1.7LL
Answer: 83mm; 252.3kN-m; 128.2kN
Reinforced Concrete_Lec01_August2019

Problem 11b
Given beam:
b x h = 300 mm x 450 mm
Slab thickness t = 100 mm
S = 2.8 m.
L1 = L2 = L3 = 8 m.
Super imposed loads:
DL = 2.6kPa LL = 3.6kPa
Concrete fc’ = 20.7 MPa
Steel fy = 415 MPa
Concrete unit weight = 24kN/m3
Clear concrete cover to stirrups = 50 mm
Stirrups = 10 mm ø
Concrete column = 300 mm x 300 mm
1. Compute the total ultimate load Wu to design beam I-J-K-L. Ultimate load; U = 1.4 DL + 1.7 LL
2. If the design ultimate load, Wu = 32kN/m, find the negative moment at the end of K of span JK.
3. How many 25 mm ø bars are required at the end K of span JK if the design ultimate load, Wu = 32kN/m.
4. How many 25 mm ø bars are required at the end K of span KL if the design ultimate load, Wu = 32kN/m.
Answer: Wu = 40.3kN/m; MK = - 172.5kN-m; 3-25 mm ø; 4 - 25 mm ø

Problem 12
A reinforced concrete T-beam has an effective depth of 600mm and has reinforcement of 4,926mm2 at the
bottom. The web has a width of 300mm and the slab thickness is 100mm. The beam is simply supported
beam of 6-m span and spaced 1.8m center to center. If the F’c = 21MPa; Fy = 415MPa
1. Determine the effective width of the flange
2. Determine the depth of compression block.
3. Determine the ultimate moment capacity of the beam.
Answer: 1500mm; 76.35mm; 1,034kN-m

Problem 13 CE Board Nov 2013

An isolated T-beam has a width of flange equal to 700mm and a thickness of 100mm. It has an effective
depth of 450mm and width of the section is 350mm. It is reinforced at the bottom with a steel area of
2,925mm2. If the F’c = 17.24MPa; Fy = 413.7MPa. Use U = 1.2DL + 1.6LL
1. Determine the depth of the compression block
2. Determine the ultimate moment capacity of the beam using moment reduction factor 0.90.
3. Determine the concentrated live load in addition to dead load of 20kN/m, L = 6m
Answer: 135.93mm; 424.35kN-m; 131.8125kN
Reinforced Concrete_Lec01_August2019

Problem 13a CE Board Nov 2013

As shown in the figure, beam GHI is reinforced as
follows:
Main reinforcement at supports:
Top bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 – 20 mm ø
Bottom bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – 20 mm ø
Main reinforcement at mid-span:
Top bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – 20 mm ø
Bottom bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – 20 mm ø
Lateral ties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10mm ø
Material strength:
Concrete: fc’ = 27.5 MPa
Steel: fy = 415 MPa (main bars) 5-20mm
Dimensions:
100
Beam = 350 x 400 mm
Slab thickness = 100 mm 400
3-20mm
Column section = 350 mm x 350 mm
Clear concrete cover to 10mmø stirrups=40 mm
350
1. What is the nominal moment capacity of beam GHI based on its
Support
flexural reinforcement at supports.
3-20mm
2. Find the factored moment capacity of beam GH at mid-span.
3. If the total ultimate load on beam GHI, Wu = 60kN/m, calculate
the design positive moment. 100
400
3-20mm
Answer: 196kN-m; 118kN-m; 137kN-m
350
Midspan
Reinforced Concrete_Lec01_August2019

Problem 14 CE Board May 2016

Given the floor framing plan as shown, b x h = 400x600mm with t = 7.5m 7.5m
A B C
100mm. Superimposed dead load = 3.2kPa, live load = 3.6kPa, unit
weight of concrete = 24kN/m3. Beam DEF is simply supported at D, E 2.5m
and F. Applying pattern loading and using U = 1.4DL + 1.7LL D E F
1. What is the maximum moment at the interior support E of the
beam DEF? 2.5m
2. What is the maximum reaction at the interior support E? G H I
3. What is the maximum positive moment at span DE if the loads
at ultimate conditions are DL = 24kN/m and LL = 12.2kN/m. 2.5m
J K L

Wu Wu

L L L L
D E F D E F

0.4375 0.625 -0.0625 0.375 1.25 0.375

0.625
0.4375 0.375
0.625

-0.375
-0.5625 -0.625
0.0957 0.0703 0.0703

-0.0625 -0.125

Answer: -292.64kN-m; 390.19kN; 184.76kN-m

Reinforced Concrete_Lec01_August2019

Problem 15 CE Board May 2013

From the floor framing plan of a proposed five story concrete
building, the beams have 300x400mm section with slab t =
100mm. Clear concrete cover of slab is 20mm; slab
reinforcement of 10mm Dead load = 4.8kPa, live load =
2.9kPa.F’c = 20.7MPa, Fy = 275MPa. Using U = 1.4DL + 1.7LL
1. What is the maximum positive moment at the span
bounded by BEFC?
2. What is the spacing of the 10mm required for
interior beam BE?
3. What is the maximum spacing of the 10mm bars as
prescribed by the design codes?

Answer: 5.2kN-m; 205mm; 300mm

Problem 16 CE Board Nov 2016

6m 6m 7m
From the floor framing plan shown, the beams have A B C D
350x450mm section with slab t = 100mm. Dead load =
5.0kPa, live load = 3.6kPa.F’c = 27.5MPa, Fy = 415MPa. 2.5m
Using U = 1.2DL + 1.6LL E F G H
1. What is the moment at the end of F of beam
EF? 2.5m
2. What is the moment at mid-span of beam FG? I J K L
3. What is the shear at the end of F of beam EF?
2.5m
Answer: -93.85kN-m; 58.66kN-m; 95.51kN
M N O P
Reinforced Concrete_Lecture02_August2019

Beam Deflection
If Minimum Thickness is not satisfied, check beam deflection

Minimum Thickness:
Beam or Time
One-Way Duration of Sustained Dependent
Types of Beam Ribbed
Slab Live Load
One-Way Factor, 

Simply Supported L/20 L/16 5 years or more 2

One-End Continuous L/24 L/18.5 12 months 1.4

Two-End Continuous L/28 L/21 6 months 1.2

Cantilever or
L/10 L/8 3 months 1
Overhanging End

L = span where bending occur

LT = Long term deflection L = Live load deflection
 = time factor for long time SL = Sustained Live load deflection
t = time factor for a defined time period
LT = L +  D + t SL  =   ( +  ’)
If Beam Cracks,
Ie = Ig (Mc/Ma)3 + Ic {1 – (Mc/Ma)3} , fr = Mc (c)/Ig , fr = 0.62√f′c

Problem 17
Given a beam 300 mm x 500 mm with 3-28mm bars, Effective cover to centroid of the tension bars =
75mm; Concrete fc’ = 20.7MPa; Steel fyv = 275MPa. The beam has a span of 6m with service dead load of
14.6kN/m and a service live load of 10.2kN/m, Using NSCP 2010, Compute the following
1. The instantaneous deflection for the beam
2. The dead load deflection
3. The live load deflection
4. The sustained live load deflection if 30% of the live load is sustained.
5. Compute the deflection after 1 year if 30% live load is sustained.
Answer: 11.77mm, 6.23mm, 5.54mm, 1.75mm, 20.45mm
Reinforced Concrete_Lecture02_August2019

Problem 18 CE Board May 2011, May 2014

Girders AC and DF have 350 mm x 500 mm section. Beam BE is
250x350mm below the slab. Slab thickness is 100mm, total
dead load is 4.9kPa including its own weight and live load is
4.8kPa. Concrete strength fc’ = 20.7 MPa, Fy = 415MPa, Fyv =
275MPa. Cover to centroid of the main bars is 70mm. Using
NSCP 2010
1. Determine the factored critical shear force of beam BE.
Assume a simply supported span.
2. Determine the spacing of two legs of 10mm shear bars
at the critical section.
3. Determine the maximum spacing of stirrups as per NSCP at the critical section of the shear.
Answer: 92.91kN, 325mm, 190mm

Problem 18a CE Board Nov 2012 600mm

A column shown is reinforced with 8-20mm bars with clear cover of 40mm
for the 10mm ties. The column is subjected to the following data: Mu = 400mm
400kN-m, Vu = 320kN (parallel to the longer side), Nu = 460kN. F’c = 28MPa,
Fy = 415MPa. Shear strength reduction factor is 0.75
1. Determine the factored shear force of the column if the nominal Nu
Vu
strength provided by the ties is 210kN.
2. Determine the nominal shear strength of the concrete if the 10mm
Mu
ties are spaced 200mm on center with Vu = 320kN
3. Determine the required spacing of the 10mm ties for a factored shear
force of 320kN.
Answer: 323.2kN, 162.7kN, 250mm

Problem 19 CE Board Nov 2016

Given a beam with b x h = 350 mm x 450 mm, Effective cover to centroid of the tension bars = 75mm;
Concrete fc’ = 27.5MPa; Steel fyv = 275MPa. Using NSCP 2010,
1. Compute the shear strength of the beam if the beam is reinforced with 3 legs of 10mm stirrups
spaced 90mm on centers.
2. Find the spacing of 10mm stirrups consisting of 3 legs if Vu = 375kN
3. Determine the maximum spacing of 2 legs of 10mm stirrups.
Answer: 290.25kN; 60mm; 350mm
Reinforced Concrete_Lecture02_August2019

Problem 20 CE Board Nov 2016

Given a column shown having 450x600mm section with 16-25mm longitudinal bars. Lateral ties of 12mm
and effective cover to centroid of vertical bars of Vuy
65mm. If the F’c = 27.5MPa; Fyv = 275MPa; shear
reduction factor of 0.65. 16-25mm 12mm sp@100mm o.c.
1. Determine the shear capacity of the column
along y-axis.
2. Determine the shear capacity of the column 450mm Vux
along x-axis.
3. Determine the maximum allowable factored
shear force. 600mm
Answer: 445.185kN; 464kN; 681kN

Spacing of Hoop Reinforcement based on prescribed code for Seismic Analysis

B
Minimum Area of Rectangular Hoop:
1. Ash = 0.3S*hc (f’c/fy) {(Ag/Ach)-1}
2. Ash = 0.09S*hc (f’c/fy)
D
Maximum Spacing of Hoop Reinforcement
1. S = 100mm
2. S = 6*Bar Diam or 150mm
Ach = (B-2Cc)*(D-2Cc)
3. S = (1/4)*minimum dimension
hx = [B - 2{Cc + Øt + Øb/2}]/(n-1)
4. S = 100 + (1/3)*(350 – hx) n = number of hoops along Vu
hc = B - 2{Cc + Øt/2}

Problem 21 CE Board May 2013

The figure shows the shear force at the column section of a building
with transverse confining reinforcement. F’c = 28MPa; Fy = Vuy = 450kN
415MPa. Fyv = 278MPa (For tie bars). Concrete cover = 40mm 10-28mm 12mm
1. Determine the required spacing of lateral reinforcement for
a factored shear load of Vuy = 450kN. Allowable concrete
shear stress is 0.88MPa. 500mm
2. Determine the required spacing of the confining hoop
reinforcement in accordance with the seismic design
3. Determine the maximum spacing of the 12mm transverse 700mm
reinforcement.
Answer: 200mm; 70mm; 100mm
Reinforced Concrete_Lecture02_August2019

TORSION

Torsional Strength of the concrete, To

To =  (√𝐟’𝐜/12) {(Acp)2/Pcp)}
If Tu > To, then consider torsion

Combine Shear and Torsion, Avt/s

(Avt/ s} = (Av/s) + 2(At/s) ; (Av/s) = (Vu /fyv*d) ; (At/s) = Tu/{2Aofyv*cot},  = 450

Ao = 0.85Aoh; Aoh = xo*yo xo = b – 2Cc - t ; yo = h – 2Cc - t Ph = 2xo + 2yo

Maximum Spacing of Shear Reinforcement

1. S = Ph/8
√𝐟′𝐜
2. Avt = (bs/fyv)
𝟏𝟔
3. Avt = (bs/3fyv)
Longitudinal Reinforcement due to Torsion, AL

AL = (At/s) Ph (fyv/fy) cot2

Problem 22 CE Board Nov 2011, May 2016

Girder AB is subjected to torsional moment in addition to the flexural 8m
A
moment and shear from the heavy loads at the cantilever frames. From
analysis, the following factored design forces result: Mu = 440kN-m; Vu =
280kN; Tu = 180kN-m. Width of beam of 400mm, total depth of beam is
500mm; Concrete: fc’ = 20.7 MPa, Steel: fy = 415 MPa (main bars); fyv = C F
2.5m
275MPa. bal = 0.021; Concrete cover to the centroid of tension steel of
65mm for compression and 90 for tension. Clear cover of 40mm. Use lateral 15m D G
ties of 12mm. Using allowable shear stress at factored loads of 0.76Mpa 2.5m

1. What is the tension reinforcement required for factored moment. E H

2. Find the spacing of the transverse reinforcement for factored shear.
3. Determine the longitudinal reinforcement required for torsion.
Answer: 3500mm; 120mm; 3420mm2 B
Reinforced Concrete_Lecture02_August2019

Problem 23 CE Board May 2016

An axially loaded rectangular column is to be designed for the following service loads. U = 1.2DL + 1.6LL
Dead load = 1600kN; Live load = 845kN. Effective covering to centroid of bars = 70mm. F’c = 27.5MPa; Fy =
415MPa.
1. Using 3% steel ratio, what is the required column width considering limit of one side is 400mm?
2. Given the column to be 400x500mm, what is the minimum design moment about stronger axis of
the column?
3. Given the column to be 400x500mm, what is the size of 16 bars needed if the required steel ratio is
3%?
Answer: 450mm; 261.8kN-m; 22mm

Problem 24 CE Board Nov 2015

An axially loaded 600mm spiral column has an unsupported height of 2.4m. U = 1.2DL + 1.6LL
Dead load = 3200kN; Live load = 1420kN. F’c = 27.5MPa; Fy = 413MPa.
1. What is the slenderness ratio of the column? Assume column ends are pinned.
2. If the required steel ratio is 1.7%, find the corresponding number of 32mm bars.
3. Find the number of 32mm at ultimate load design.
Answer: 16; 6bars; 10bars

Problem 25 CE Board May 2012

To comply with architectural requirements, a column in a non-sway frame is of T-section.
Longitudinal Bars: As1 = 6-20mm in compression; As2 = 4-28mm in tension; Fy = 415MPa
Lateral ties: 10mm with Fyv = 275MPa; clear concrete 60 60
cover = 40mm
Concrete: F’c = 27.5MPa
Neglect the concrete area displaced by the compression
steel 64
1. Locate the geometric centroid from the left along
the x-axis. 4-28mm
300 150
2. Locate the plastic centroid from the left along the 6-20mm
x-axis. For all bars, Fs = Fy
3. Determine the bending moment induced by a
factored load 3200kN acting 400m from leftmost
side if the plastic centroid falls at 280mm from the 250 350
left along the x-axis.
Answer: 248.53mm; 289.74mm; 384kN-m
Reinforced Concrete_Lecture02_August2019

Problem 26 CE Board May 2015

Due to architectural requirements, a column is of T-section. As1
Longitudinal Bars: As1 = 6-25mm in compression; As2 = 4-
25mm in tension; Fy = 415MPa b1
Lateral ties: 10mm with Fyv = 275MPa; clear concrete cover =
40mm
As2 b2
Dimensions: h1 = 250mm; h2 = 450mm; b1 = 200mm; b2 =
300mm
For all bars, Fs = Fy b1
Concrete: F’c = 28MPa
1. Locate the geometric centroid from the left along the x- h1 h2
axis.
2. Locate the plastic centroid from the left along the x-axis.
3. Determine the bending moment induced by a factored load 4155kN if the plastic centroid falls at
420mm from the left along the x-axis.

Problem 25 CE Board May 2013

Figure shows a tied column supporting a flat slab.

Given: Concrete, f’c = 27.5 MPa
Steel, fy = 415 MPa
Concrete cover to the center of longitudinal bars = 70 mm
Effective length factor, k = 1.0
Flexural rigidity, EI = 640,000 N-m2
Assume that all bars yield.

1. What is the location of the plastic centroid from line 1?

2. Calculate the critical buckling load, Pc
3. Calculate the nominal axial strength of the column.

Answer: 400mm; 971.4kN; 11,300kN

Reinforced Concrete_Lecture02_August2019

Problem 26 CE Board May 2014

A tied rectangular column 300x350mm is reinforced with 3-25mm along each of the two short sides.
Effective covering to centroid of bars = 70mm. F’c = 20.7MPa; Fy = 275MPa. Considering bending about the
longer side, calculate the nominal compressive load at the following conditions
1. At eccentricity, e = 0
2. At balanced condition e = eb. Neglect the concrete area displaced by the compression steel.
3. AT eccentricity e = 225mm. For all bars, consider steel yields. Neglect the concrete area displaced by
compression steel.
Answer: 2084.8kN; 861.5kN; 719.7kN

Problem 27
A tied rectangular column 300x500mm is reinforced with 4-28mm.
Effective covering to centroid of bars = 65mm. F’c = 24MPa; Fy = 345MPa. Considering bending about the y-
axis, calculate the following
1. Balanced Load, Pb
2. Balanced Moment, Mb
3. Balanced eccentricity for balanced failure, eb
Answer: 1437kN; 347.8kN; 242mm
Reinforced Concrete_Lecture03_August2019

Problem 28 Wall Footing CE Board Nov 2016

A footing supports a 250mm thick concrete wall, Effective cover to centroid of the tension bars = 100mm;.
Width of footing is 1.75m. Thickness of footing is 300m. Concrete fc’ = 20.6MPa; Steel fyv = 415MPa. c =
23.6kN/m3 and a service live load of 89kN/m, service dead load of 175kN/m, Using NSCP 2010, Compute
the following
1. Spacing of 16mm bars due to bending moment.
2. Wide beam shear
3. Width of footing if net effective soil pressure is 96kPa.
Answer: 250mm, 0.74MPa, 2.75m

Problem 29 CE Board May 2012, May 2014

A square footing 2.4 x 2.4 x 0.45m thick supports a rectangular column 350x400mm at its center. Effective
covering is 100mm, total dead load is 680kN and total live load is 400kN. Concrete strength fc’ = 20.7 MPa,
Fy = 275MPa. Using NSCP 2010
1. Calculate the maximum wide beam shear stress.
2. Calculate the maximum punching shear stress.
3. Determine the number of 20mm bars required for critical moment.
Answer: 0.65MPa, 1.74MPa, 14-20mm

Problem 30 CE Board Nov 2013

A rectangular footing 2.5m width x 4m long x 075m depth supports a 450mm square column concentrically
Effective covering is 100mm. F’c = 28MPa, Fy = 415MPa. c = 23.6kN/m3. s = 17kN/m3. Allowable wide
beam shear stress is 0.88MPa, Allowable punching shear stress is 1.76MPa.
1. Determine concentrated load that the footing can carry on beam action. Apply effective soil only.
2. Calculate the concentrated load that the footing can carry based on the two-way action. Apply
effective soil pressure only.
3. Determine the un-factored load the footing can carry if depth of earth fill is 2m above the footing.
Use allowable soil pressure at service load of 192kPa.
Answer: 4322kN, 4868kN, 1400kN

Problem 31 CE Board May 2012

A rectangular footing 2.5m wide along the y-axis and 3m long the x-axis, 0.75m depth supports a 400mm
square column concentrically and is subjected to the following loads. c = 24kN/m3. s = 17kN/m3. Height of
back fill on top of footing is 1.5m. Axial load of 1200kN. Moment about y-axis, My = 360kN-m.
1. Calculate the maximum net soil pressure.
2. Calculate the minimum net soil pressure.
3. Calculate the gross safe soil bearing capacity.
Answer: 256kPa, 64kPa, 298.3kPa
Reinforced Concrete_Lecture03_August2019

Problem 32 CE Board May 2013

A 400 x 400mm column is supported as shown. a = 0.6m, b = 1.8m, c = 1.2m, d = 06m. The column carries
the following service loads; DL = 900kN, LL = 45kN, f’c =
d
21MPa, fy = 415MPa. Allowable wide beam shear stress d c c
is 0.76MPa, Allowable punching shear stress is 1.52MPa.
Minimum concrete cover to the centroid of
a
reinforcement = 0.25m.
1. Calculate the required footing thickness for the
b/2
critical beam shear stress at ultimate loads.
x - axis
2. Calculate the required footing thickness for the
punching shear stress at ultimate loads.
b/2
3. Calculate the number of 20mm bars required for
the maximum moment about the x-axis using the
effective depth of the footing. a

Answer: 650mm, 700mm, 18-20mm

Problem 33 CE Board May 2011, May 2015

A 400mm square column is supported by a square footing on 5 piles a
as shown. a = 0.75m, b = 2m. Effective depth of footing is 600mm. a b
The ultimate pile capacity is 320kN. Column carries the following
a
service loads; DL = 420kN, LL = 360, EL = 210kN. ME = 160kN-m.
Required strength of the footing is based on NSCP 2001,
400mm
U = 1.32DL + 1.1LL + 1.1EL.
1. Calculate the critical beam shear stress at ultimate loads. b 400mm
2. Calculate the ultimate punching shear stress at ultimate
loads.
3. Compute the maximum design moment. a
Answer: 0.314MPa, 0.46MPa, 448.45kN-m
Reinforced Concrete_Lecture03_August2019

Problem 34 CE Board May 2014

The cantilever retaining wall resists active lateral earth
0.25
pressure throughout its length. Given that unit weight of
concrete is 24kN/m3 and that of soil is 17kN/m3 active
earth pressure of 1/3. Neglect the passive earth pressure
at the toe and consider per meter strip of wall along its
length,
6.5m
1. Calculate the total lateral force on the wall due
to active earth pressure.
2. Determine the overturning moment due to
lateral earth pressure,
3. How much is the moment resisting overturning 0.5m
moment?
Answer: 119.71kN, 259.37kN-m, 436.5kN-m 0.55 0.55
2.8m

Problem 35 CE Board Nov 2012, Nov 2013

The forces acting per meter length of the dam is shown are as follows.
1. Calculate the maximum bearing pressure at the base of
the dam.
650kN 165kN
2. Determine the minimum bearing pressure at the base of
the dam 275kN
3. What is the factor of safety against sliding if the 60° 1.8
1.2
coefficient of friction is 0.25 at the base of the dam? A B
A
Answer: 162.8kPa, 108.5kPa, 1.4 2.1
5.4

Problem 36 CE Board May 2012, May 2015

A beam 250x450mm is pre-stressed by an initial force of 600kN. Total loss of pre-stress at service loads is
15%.
1. Calculate the final compressive stress if pre-stressing force is applied at the centroid of the beam.
2. Calculate the compressive stress if pre-stressing force is applied at an eccentricity 100mm below the
centroid of the beam.
3. Calculate the eccentricity at which the pre-stressing force can be applied so that the resulting
tensile stress at the top fiber of the beam is zero.
Answer: 4.53MPa, 10.57MPa, 75mm
Reinforced Concrete_Lecture03_August2019

Problem 37 CE Board May 2013, May 2017

Pre-stressed hollow core slabs with typical section shown in the figure are used for the flooring of a library.
Total loss of pre-stress at service loads is 15%. The slab is pre-
a
stressed with 820kN force at an eccentricity of 63mm below the
neutral axis of the section. The slab is simply supported on a span
of 8m. Allowable stresses at service loads are 2.0MPa in tension b
and 15.5MPa in compression. The properties of the slab are as
follows: A = 1.4x106mm4; St = Sb = 6.8x106 mm3; a = 1.2m; b =
200mm
1. Calculate the stress at the top fibers of the slab at the ends due to the initial pre-stress force.
2. Calculate the stress at the top fibers of the slab at the mid-span due to loads and pre-stress force.
3. Determine the maximum load including its own weight that the slab can be subjected to if the
allowable service loads are not be exceeded.
Answer: 1.74MPa, -9.25MPa, 11.42kN/m

Problem 38 CE Board May 2013

The joist (double tee, DT) is to be used on a simply supported span of 8m and is pre-tensioned with a total
initial force of 1240kN from low relaxation strands. The centroid of the strands is located 220mm below the
neutral axis of the DT throughout the beam span. Loss of pre-stress of service loads is 20%. Total uniformly
distributed loads are as follows: dead load = 2.4m
4.5kPa (beam weight included), live load = 3.6kPa.
The properties of the slab are as follows: a = 2.4m;
yt = 103mm; yb = 303mm; A = 2.1x106mm4; I = 103
2.76x109 mm4;  = 24kN/m3
NA
1. Calculate the stress at the top fibers of the 303
DT at the ends due to the initial pre-stress e
force.
2. Calculate the stress at the bottom fibers of the DT at the mid-span due to initial pre-stress.
3. Calculate the stress at the bottom fibers of the slab at the mid-span due to loads and pre-stress
force
Answer: 4.28MPa, -35.85MPa, -11.61MPa
Reinforced Concrete_Lecture03_August2019

Problem 39 CE Board Nov 2015

A trial batch for the normal weight concrete with an average 28 th day compressive strength of 42MPa is to
be proportioned based on the following:
Water Cement Ratio 0.41
Specific Gravity of Cement 3.15
Specific Gravity of Coarse Aggregate 2.68
Specific Gravity of Fine Aggregate 2.64
Water (Net Mixing) 200kg/m3
Volume of Rodded Coarse Aggregates 0.64m3/m3
Unit Weight of Coarse Aggregates 15.7kN/m3
Unit Weight of Concrete 23.6kN/m3

1. What is the required dry rodded weight in kN of coarse aggregate?

2. Compute the combined weight in kN of cement and wager.
3. How much the required weight of dry sand?
Answer: 10kN, 6.74kN, 6.86kN

Problem 40 CE Board Nov 2016

Under normal conditions, the activities for a project and the corresponding duration are as follows:

1. What are the critical activities? Activity Duration, days

2. What is the critical path?
0- 1( A ) 6
3. What is the duration of the project?
0- 2( B) 9
Answer: (A,C,G,), (ACG), 24days 0- 3( D) 16
1- 2( C) 8
2- 3( E) 3
3- 4( F) 6
2- 4( G) 10
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES_First Term 2019

Problem 01. CE Board May 2012

The hook is subjected to three
forces as shown.
T
y
1. If the resultant of the forces is
80N and is acting along the
positive x-axis, find the angle B.
35 N


2. If B = 600, what is the value of
x
the force T such that the

60
resultant of the forces is along
x-axis?
3. For the forces to be in 45 N
equilibrium, what is the
magnitude of the force T?
Ans. 22.850; 45N; 40.9N

Problem 02.
The 100N resultant of four forces together with three of the four
forces, determine
1. The fourth force
2. Horizontal component of 4th Force
3. Vertical component of 4th force

Y-axis
70N
R=100N
°

45°
60

X-axis
°
60

50
°

50N
120N

Ans. 202.58N, 133.57N, 152.31N

STATICS OF RIGID BODIES_First Term 2019

Problem 03.
The cylinders in the figure shown are piled
in a rectangular ditch as shown. Neglecting
friction. Radius of cylinders A, B and C are 4, 6
and 5 m.
1. What gives the reaction between A and B?
2. What gives the reaction between the wall
and B?
3. What gives the reaction between floor
and A?

Answer: R3 = 100kN; R2 = 96.5kN; R1 = 75kN;

Varignon’s Theorem:
“The moment of a Force at any axis is equal to the sum of the
moments of its components about that axis”

Problem 04.
The force system shown consists
of the couple C and the four forces.
The resultant of this system is 500kN-
m counter clockwise couple.
1. What gives the value of P?
2. What gives the value of Q?
3. What gives the value of C?

Ans: P = 200kN; Q = 260kN; C = 1440kN-m

STATICS OF RIGID BODIES_First Term 2019

Problem 05.
A rod is connected to a pin at A and a chord
at B as shown. It holds a cylindrical drum which
weighs 176 N. The drum has a diameter of 2 m.
1. What gives the force between the drum and
the rod?
2. What gives the force in the chord BC?
3. What gives the reaction at the pin at A?

Answer: R2 = 352N; T = 132.3N; RA = 221.2N

Problem 06.
Consider a coplanar force system shown, compute
1. the resultant of the system,
2. the location of the resultant from left support, and
3. the angle the resultant with the horizontal
75kn 100kn

50kn-m
0.4

A B

1.0 1.5 0.5 2.0

Ans. 125kN, 2.37m, 36.870

STATICS OF RIGID BODIES_First Term 2019

Problem 07.
A 135N force is applied at B,
1. Compute the moment about x-axis at A,
2. Compute the moment about y-axis at A, and
3. Compute the moment about z-axis at A
Y-axis

A 8m X-axis

4.6m
Z-axis
3.8m
8
4
5

135kn
Ans. 7.87kN-m, -21.08kN-m, -42.12k/n-m

Problem 08.
A flat circular plate lies in the
horizontal (xz) plane and is supported
at the three circumferential points
shown. The weight of the plate is
1,000kN.
1. Which of the following gives the
reaction at A.
2. Which of the following gives the
reaction at B.
3. Which of the following gives the
reaction at C.

Ans. 380kN, 340kN, 240kN

STATICS OF RIGID BODIES_First Term 2019

Problem 09.CE Board Dec 2014;May 2012

Figure shows a circular steel plate supported on 3 posts. A, B and C which
are equally spaced along its
circumference. A load W = 1350 N is
at a distance x = 0.5 m. from the
post at A along the x-axis. Diameter
of steel plate is 1.8 m.
1. Find the reaction at post A.
Neglect weight of the steel
plate.
2. Find the reaction at post B.
Neglect weight of the steel
plate.
3. Compute the reaction at C
considering the weight of the plate if it has a thickness of 16 mm
and has a unit weight of 77 kN/m3.
Ans. 850N; 250N; 1295N

Problem 10.
A crane is supporting a
2000 N crate through three
cables, AB, AC and AD. Note that
C is at the center of the outer
edge of the crate, D is 1.60 m.
from the corner of this edge and
A is directly above the center of
the crate.
1. Compute the force
transmitted by cable AB.
2. Compute the force
transmitted by cable AC.
3. Compute the force
transmitted by cable AD.
Ans. 648.4N; 937.95N;631.89N
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES_First Term 2019

Problem 11.
For the figure shown below,
1. Determine the tension in
cable AD
2. Determine the tension in
cable BD
3. Determine the tension in ca
le CD

Ans. 24kN, 20.83kN, 21.75kN

Problem 12. CE Board Nov 2013

A force P acting at an angle 450
prevents the pole weighing
375N from falling. If the pole
leans on frictionless wall at A
1. Determine the force P
2. Determine the reaction at
the wall at A
3. Calculate the vertical
reaction at B

Ans. 116.8kN, 82.6kN, 292.4kN

STATICS OF RIGID BODIES_First Term 2019

Problem 13.
For the figure shown, determine
1. The reaction at C so that the reaction A and B are equal
2. Find the reaction at B
3. Find the value X

Ans. 200kN, 400kN, 2.33m

Problem 14.
The parabolic cable shown carries a uniform horizontal load of 20 kN/m.
1. Compute the value of "a".
2. Compute the tension of the cable at A.
3. Compute the tension of the cable at C.
Ans. 17.6m; 357.9kN; 436.4kN
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES_First Term 2019

Problem 15.
Figure (1) shows a cable that carries the uniformly distributed load w0 =
80 N/m, where the distance is measured along the horizontal. If the cable
tension does not exceed 10 000 N
1. Determine the
shortest length of
the cable,
2. Determine the
tension in the cable
at support A,
3. Determine the
minimum tension in
the cable,
4. Determine the
corresponding
vertical distance H.
Ans. H=109.2 m, S=sA + sB = 117.0 + 163.1 = 280.1 m, Ta=8421.3N,
To=4542.4N

Problem 16. CE Board May 2013, Nov 2013

A circular arc is having a radius of
1-m is subjected to a horizontal
D
force of 1.4kN each at A and B
respectively. Determine
1. The shear at section D 0.8m r =1m
2. The normal force at section A B
D 1.4kN 1.4kN
3. The moment at section D
Ans. 1.79kN, 2.24kN, 1.12kN-m
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES_First Term 2019

Problem 17.
The three hinged arched is 20kn
subjected to the two 7.6m B

concentrated forces shown,

determine 8kn 25m
15m
1. The reaction at C 6m
2. The reaction at B A C
3. The reaction at A
23m 23m

Ans. 5.91kN; 5.91kN; 16.15kN

Problem 18.
A 120 kg man walks on a 4 m. plank resting on rough surfaces at A and B.
Given:
Coefficient of friction at A = 0.40
Coefficient of friction at B = 0.20
1. At what distance x will the plank start to slide?
2. What is the friction force (N) at A?
3. Find the vertical force (N) at B?

Ans. 2.32m; 256.72N; 493N

STATICS OF RIGID BODIES_First Term 2019

Problem 19. CE Board May 2013, Nov 2013

To prevent the ladder from sliding down, the man exerts a horizontal
force at C.
Given: L1 = 1.5 m. L2 = 4.5 m. Ø = 30°
➀ Find the horizontal force at C,
which the man should exert if the
weight of the ladder is 500 N.
Assume that surface A and B are
frictionless.
➁ If the weight of the ladder is
500 N, what is the reaction at A?
Surface A and B are frictionless.
➂ Find the maximum weight of
the ladder that can be held from
sliding if the man exerts force C =
200 N. Coefficient of friction at A
is 0.30 and at B is 0.20.

Ans. 578N; 500N; 421N

Problem 20.
Figure shows two blocks subjected to a
force P that tends to raise block A. Friction
exists only as indicated in the figure.
1. Determine the force P,
2. Determine the reaction between the
floor and block B
3. Determine the reaction between the
blocks
Ans. P=109.28N, 203.96N, 138.56N
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES_First Term 2019

Problem 21. CE Board Nov 2013

Pole AB is 12m long and weighs 35kN. It is being lifted using cables BC and
BD. When the pole is tilted at an angle of 600 from the x-axis, the
resultant force acts at point A, find
1. Tensile force of cable BC
2. Tensile force of cable BD
3. Value of the resultant at A
Ans. 26.1kN; 11.3kN; 65.9kN

Problem 22. CE Board May 2010

A load 20kN is to be lifted using the crane which is hinged at B
as shown. Neglecting the weight of the crane, determine
1. Force of cable AC
2. Reaction at support B
3. Largest load that can
18m

be lifted if the
minimum force of
cable AC is 50kN.
A B 20KN
Ans. 22.65kN; 39.4kN;
44.15kN 10m 8m
Steel Design_Lecture01_August2019

Problem 1 CE Board Nov 2011, Nov 2013

A square hollow steel strut with a wall thickness t1 =
10mm is pin connected to two gusset plates, having a
thickness t2 = 12mm, which are welded to the base
plate having a thickness of 12m and fastened to a
concrete base of 4-16mm bolts. Diameter of pin is
16mm. Compressive load of 48kN,  = 300. Compute
the following
1. Bearing stress between the strut and the pin in
MPa.
2. Shear stress in the pin in MPa.
3. Shear tress in the anchor bolt in MPa.
Answer: 150MPa, 119.4MPa, 51.69MPa

Problem 2 CE Board May 2013

A butt connection shows 8-22mmq A325 bolts
spaced as follows: s1 = 40mm, s2 = 80mm, s3 =
50mm, s4 = 100mm, t1 = 16mm, t2 = 12mm.
Steel strength and stresses are:
Yield strength, Fy = 248 MPa
Ultimate strength, Fu = 400 MPa
Allowable tensile stress on gross area = 148 MPa
Allowable tensile stress on the net area = 200 MPa
Allowable shear stress on the net area = 120 MPa
Allowable bolt shear stress Fv = 120 MPa
Bolt hole diameter = 25 mm
Calculate the allowable tensile load T, based on
the following conditions.
1. Gross area of the plate.
2. Net area of the plate.
3. Block shear strength.
Answer: 378.8kN, 352kN, 480kN
Steel Design_Lecture01_August2019

Problem 3
31.25
A single angle tension member 100x75x6.25 is 43.75 75
riveted by a 19mmq rivets arranged as shown.
6.25
Assume Fy = 248MPa, Fu = 400MPa. Diameter
hole is 3mm greater than rivet diameter. 62.5
Determine the capacity of the section based on
1. Yielding of gross area.
2. Tensile fracture of the net area. 37.5
3. Block shear failure.
Answer: 156.94kN, 160.34kN, 222.77kN 37.5 75 75

Problem 4
For The beam W 410mm x 67 kg/m with 8mm web
thickness subjects the girder W 530mm x 109 kg/m with
12mm web thickness to a shear load, P. Two angle 90mm
x 90mm x 6mm with 4-22 mm bolts frame the beam to
the girder as shown.
Bearing Stress of plate, Fp = 480MPa
Yield stress, Fy = 248 MPa
Bolt shear stress, Fv = 100 MPa
Bolt bearing stress, Fp = 220 MPa
Bolt hole diameter = 25 mm

Determine the following

1. The allowable load P in KN based on the shear
capacity of the 4 – 22mm bolts.
2. The allowable load P in KN based on bolt bearing
stress on the web of the beam.
3. If P = 105 KN, the number of 28mm bolts needed to
satisfy steel connection.
4. If P = 105kN, e = 50mm, tensile stress of 8-22mm
bolt.
Answer: 304kN, 155kN, 3, 41.43MPa
Steel Design_Lecture01_August2019

Problem 5
P = 45kN
An eccentrically loaded bolted connection is shown. Diameter of 250mm
A325 bolts in standard holes is 19mm. Determine
1. The polar moment of inertia of the group of bolts.
2. The torsional force of the critical bolt. 100mm
3. The shearing stress of the critical bolt.
100mm
Answer: 20.91x106mm4, 19.07kN, 85.77MPa

75 75

Problem 6
The line of action of the force P coincides with the axis of
the angle which is at distance “a” from the back
of the connected leg. Do not include end turns.
Given:
Properties of vertical member
2 angles 75 mm x 75 mm x 8 mm thick.
A = 21 mm.
Area of 2 angles = 2290 mm2
Yield stress, Fy = 248 MPa.
Allowable weld shear stress: Fvw = 93 MPa.
Weld thickness = 5 mm
1. Which of the following gives the maximum tensile a
stress capacity of the angles?
2. Given: L1 = 50 mm L2 = 130 mm, Which of the following gives the allowable load P based on the
capacity of the welded connection?
3. Given: P = 270 KN, Which of the following gives the required length of weld L2?

Answer: 340.75kN, 118.35kN, 300mm

Steel Design_Lecture01_August2019

Problem 7 CE Board May 2010

A 76x76x6mm angular section is welded to a gusset plate having
a thickness of 8mm as shown. The angular section has a cross
sectional area of 929mm2. Fy = 248MPa, Fu = 400MPa.
Determine the value P based on
1. Gross area of the section
2. Net area of the section if strength coefficient reduction
coefficient is 0.85.
3. Block shear in gusset plate along the weld.
Answer: 138.24kN, 157.93kN, 304kN

Problem 8 150mm 250mm

A welded bracket shown is required to resist a load of 90kN. The P
steel Fy = 250MPa and welding has Fuw = 485MPa. If P = 90kN,
determine the following
1. Moment of inertia of the group of weld
2. The force on weld due to torsional moment,
3. Size of weld due to load P 300mm
Answer: 10.41x106mm4, 587.63N/mm, 7.0mm
Steel Design_Lecture02_August2019

Welded Simple Connection 1.2. By Net Area

T = 0.5 Fu Ae
1. Theoretical Throat of Fillet Welds Ae = U Ag
Te
2. Shear on Welds on Shear Capacity of
t
T = AvFv
T ={0.707t L} 0.30 Fu
➃ Based on Block Shear Capacity of
t 3. Block Shear Failure
1.1. SMAW Process T = AvFv + AtFt
Te = 0.707t T = 0.3 Fu Av + 0.5 Fu At
1.2. SAW Process
a. When t ≤ 10mm
Te = t
b. When t > 10mm
Te = 0.707t + 3mm

2. Minimum Size of Fillet Welds

Material Thickness, Minimum
tm Size, t
tm ≤ 6mm 3mm
6mm < tm ≤ 12mm 5mm
12mm < tm ≤ 20mm 6mm
20mm < tm 8mm

3. Maximum Size of Fillet Welds

Material Thickness, Maximum
tm Size, t
tm ≤ 6mm t ≤ tm
tm > 6mm t ≤ tm – 1.6

4. Minimum length of weld

L ≥ 4t

5. Minimum Lap Joint

L = 5tm

Modes of Failure of a Welded Connection

ALLOWABLE TENSILE
1. Tension of the Plate
➀ Based on Gross Area:
1.1. By Gross Area
T = 0.60 Fy Ag
Steel Design_Lecture02_August2019

Problem 6
The line of action of the force P coincides with the axis of
the angle which is at distance “a” from the back
of the connected leg. Do not include end turns.
Given:
Properties of vertical member
2 angles 75 mm x 75 mm x 8 mm thick.
A = 21 mm.
Area of 2 angles = 2290 mm2
Yield stress, Fy = 248 MPa.
Allowable weld shear stress: Fvw = 93 MPa.
Weld thickness = 5 mm
1. Which of the following gives the maximum tensile a
stress capacity of the angles?
2. Given: L1 = 50 mm L2 = 130 mm, Which of the following gives the allowable load P based on the
capacity of the welded connection?
3. Given: P = 270 KN, Which of the following gives the required length of weld L2?

Answer: 340.75kN, 118.35kN, 300mm

Problem 7 CE Board May 2010

A 76x76x6mm angular section is welded to a gusset plate having
a thickness of 8mm as shown. The angular section has a cross
sectional area of 929mm2. Fy = 248MPa, Fu = 400MPa.
Determine the value P based on
1. Gross area of the section
2. Net area of the section if strength coefficient reduction
coefficient is 0.85.
3. Block shear in gusset plate along the weld.
Answer: 138.24kN, 157.93kN, 304kN
Steel Design_Lecture02_August2019

Welded Eccentric Connection Problem 8

A welded bracket shown is required to resist a
e1 load of 90kN. The steel Fy = 250MPa and welding
has Fuw = 485MPa. If P = 90kN, determine the
P
e2 following
cg 1. Moment of inertia of the group of weld
2. The force on weld due to torsional
moment,
3. Size of weld due to load P
Consider 1-mm fillet weld 150mm 250mm
Fdy
Fdx
P
A. Due to Direct Shear
Fdx = Px / L
Fdy = Py / L cg

300mm
B. Due to Torsional Moment Ft

Ft = M / ∑(𝑰𝒙 + 𝑰𝒚)
cg M

𝑹 = √(𝑭𝒅𝒙 + 𝑭𝒕𝒙)𝟐 + (𝑭𝒅𝒚 + 𝑭𝒕𝒚)𝟐 Answer: 10.41x106mm4, 587.63N/mm, 7.0mm

Size of Weld:
𝑹 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟕𝒕𝑭𝒗
Steel Design_Lecture02_August2019

Design of Steel Beam

1. Shear Stress, Fv = 0.40Fy 2. Laterally Unsupported Beam

Web: fv = V / dtw
𝟐𝟎𝟎𝐛𝐟 𝟏𝟑𝟕𝟗𝟎𝟎
Horizontal Shear: fv = VQ / Ib 𝐋𝐜 = 𝐋𝐮 =
√𝐅𝐲 𝐅𝐲 𝐝
2. Deflection 𝐛𝐟 𝐭 𝐟
Lb = Unbraced Length of the beam
3. Bending Stress, Fb
a. When Lb ≤ Lc , Use Fb = 0.66Fy
fb = Mc/ I
=M/S
b. When Lc > Lb ≥ Lu , Use Fb = 0.60Fy
Values of Fb:
1. Laterally Supported Beam
c. When Lb > Lu, then Check the
a. When Compact Section
𝐛𝐟 𝟏𝟕𝟎 following
< c.1. If
𝟐𝐭 𝐟 √𝐅𝐲
Use: Fb = 0.66 Fy 𝟕𝟎𝟑𝟐𝟕𝟎𝐂𝐛 𝐋𝐛 𝟑𝟓𝟏𝟔𝟑𝟑𝟎𝐂𝐛
√ < <√
𝐅𝐲 𝐫𝐭 𝐅𝐲
Cb = 1.0, for simply supported and cantilever
Use Fb = max { Fb1; Fb2; Fb = 0.60Fy }

𝐋 𝟐
𝟐 𝐅𝐲 ( 𝐫𝐛 )
𝐭
𝐅𝐛𝟏 = −
𝟑 𝟏𝟎. 𝟓𝟓𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝐂𝐛

𝟖𝟐𝟕𝟒𝟎𝐂𝐛
𝐅𝐛𝟐 =
b. When Partially Compact 𝐋𝐛 𝐝
𝐛𝐟 𝟏𝟕𝟎 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐛𝐟 𝐭 𝐟
> <
𝟐𝐭 𝐟 √𝐅𝐲 √𝐅𝐲
Use: c.2. If
𝐅𝐛 = [𝟎. 𝟕𝟗 − 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟔𝟐(𝐛𝐟 /𝟐𝐭 𝐟 )√𝐅𝐲 ] 𝟕𝟎𝟑𝟐𝟕𝟎𝐂𝐛 𝐋𝐛 𝟑𝟓𝟏𝟔𝟑𝟑𝟎𝐂𝐛
√ < >√
𝐅𝐲 𝐫𝐭 𝐅𝐲
c. When Non Compact
𝐛𝐟 𝟐𝟓𝟎 Use Fb = max { Fb3; Fb2; Fb = 0.60Fy }
>
𝟐𝐭 𝐟 √𝐅𝐲
𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟐𝟏𝟎𝟎𝐂𝐛 𝟖𝟐𝟕𝟒𝟎𝐂𝐛
Use: Fb = 0.60 Fy 𝐅𝐛𝟑 = − 𝐅𝐛𝟐 =
𝐋 𝟐 𝐋𝐛 𝐝
( 𝐫𝐛 ) 𝐛𝐟 𝐭 𝐟
{ 𝐭 }
Steel Design_Lecture02_August2019

Problem 9 CE Board May 2015

Given the properties of a girder made of Wide Flange: A = 11,500mm 2, d = 350mm, bf = 250mm, tf = 16mm,
tw = 10mm, Ix = 266x106mm4, Iy = 45x106mm4. The steel Fy = 248MPa and E = 200GPa, Fb = 148MPa, Fv =
99MPa.
1. What is the flexural capacity of the girder?
2. Find the web shear capacity
3. How much is the horizontal shear capacity at the neutral axis?
Answer: 225kN-m, 346.5kN, 331.5kN

Problem 10 CE Board May 2010

A W350x90 girder 8m simple span carries equal concentration dead load P at every quarter points and
uniform dead load 5kN/m and live load 7.2kN/m including dead weight. The steel Fy = 248MPa and E =
200GPa.Properties of the Wide Flange: A = 11,500mm2, d = 350mm, bf = 250mm, tf = 16mm, tw = 10mm,
Ix = 266x106mm4, Iy = 45x106mm4.
1. Determine P based on flexure, Fb = 0.66Fy.
2. Determine P based on shear, Fv = 0.40Fy
3. Determine the additional live load based on allowable deflection span/360 for the camber to offset
for the dead load
Answer: 37.8kN, 198.9kN, 14.97kN/m

Problem 11 CE Board Nov 2015

A Wide flange girder 9m simple span carries two beams, each including equal concentration P at third
points of the span. The steel Fb = 164MPa, Fv = 99MPa and E = 200GPa.Properties of the Wide Flange: A =
12,500mm2, d = 465mm, bf = 193mm, Ix = 446x106mm4, Iy = 23x106mm4.
1. Determine P based on flexure capacity.
2. Determine P based on shear capacity
3. Determine the required width of the cover plate based on bending if the cover plates are placed at
the top and the bottom of the girder with a thickness of 16mm. P = 180kN.
Answer: 105kN, 506.4kN, 200mm
Steel Design_Lecture02_August2019

Problem 12 CE Board May 2016

A W460x97 beam BF as shown 8m carries superimposed dead load
2m 2m 2m
5kPa and live load 3.6kPa. The steel Fy = 248MPa and E = A B C D
200GPa.Properties of the Wide Flange: A = 1,2320mm2, d = 465mm,
bf = 193mm, tf = 19mm, tw = 11mm, Ix = 445x106mm4, Iy =
23x106mm4. Radius of gyration comprising the compression flange 10m
plus 1/3 of the compression web area of compression flange =
50mm. Consider bending about the x-axis, determine
E F G H
1. Maximum bending stress in the beam BF.
2. Biggest distance between lateral supports so that the
maximum allowable flexural stress can be utilized.
3. Permissible flexural stress if Cb = 1.0 and compression flanges are laterally supported only at the
mid-span.
Answer: 118.55MPa, 2.45m, 130.5MPa 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝐛𝐟 𝟏𝟑𝟕𝟗𝟎𝟎
𝐋𝐜 = 𝐋𝐮 =
√𝐅𝐲 𝐅𝐲 𝐝
𝟕𝟎𝟑𝟐𝟕𝟎𝐂𝐛 𝐋𝐛 𝟑𝟓𝟏𝟔𝟑𝟑𝟎𝐂𝐛 𝐛𝐟 𝐭 𝐟
𝐈𝐟 √ < <√
𝐅𝐲 𝐫𝐭 𝐅𝐲

𝐋 𝟐
Use Fb = max { Fb1; Fb2; Fb = 0.60Fy } 𝟐 𝐅𝐲 ( 𝐫𝐛 ) 𝟖𝟐𝟕𝟒𝟎𝐂𝐛
𝐭
𝐅𝐛𝟏 = − 𝐅𝐛𝟐 =
𝟑 𝟏𝟎. 𝟓𝟓𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝐂𝐛 𝐋𝐛 𝐝
𝐛𝐟 𝐭 𝐟
Steel Design_Lecture02_August2019

Bending of Beam in Two Direction

Applicable to purlins and beams subjected to normal and tangential loads
𝒇𝒃𝒙 𝒇𝒃𝒚
+ = 𝟏. 𝟎 𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂
𝑭𝒃𝒙 𝑭𝒃𝒚

𝒇𝒃 = 𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝒃𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔, 𝑭𝒃 = 𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒃𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔

Problem 13 CE Board Nov 2012

A Wide flange is to be used as bridge crane runway girder. The girder is on a 80kN
simple span of 6m. Assume that the crane wheel impacts a vertical load of 80kN
and a lateral load of 8kN at the mid-span applied at the top flange of the girder. A 8kN
standard rail weighing 67kg/m will be used. Assume top flange is not laterally
braced between supports. The steel Fbx = 207MPa, Fby = 238MPa and E =
200GPa.Properties of the Wide Flange: Sx = 1280x103mm3, Sy = 361x103mm3.
1. Determine bending stress about the x-axis.
2. Determine bending stress about the y-axis.
3. Determine the ratio of the actual to allowable stresses bending.
Answer: 96.07MPa, 66.48MPa, 0.743

Problem 14 CE Board May 2010

A light grade steel channel was used as a purlin of a truss. The distances
between trusses equal to 3m. The purlin has a weight of 71N/m and 1.2
spaced 1.2m on centers. The dead load including the roof materials is
1.2
1200Pa, live load of 1000Pa and wind load of 1440Pa. Coefficient of
pressure at leeward and windward are 0.60 and 0.20 respectively. Sag 1
rods are placed at the middle thirds and Fbx= Fby = 138MPa, Sx = 3

4.48x104mm3, Sy = 1.18x104mm3. Using interaction formula, determine

1. Maximum ratio of actual to allowable bending stress for
combination of Dead load and Live load.
Wu Wu
2. Maximum ratio of actual to allowable
bending stress for combination of L L L L L
0.75(D+L+W). 1/40
3. Maximum ratio of actual to allowable
bending stress for combination of Dead
load and Live load if sag rods are placed -1/8
at mid-span.
Answer: 0.48, 0.41, 0.62
Steel Design_Lecture02_August2019

BEARING PLATES BASE PLATES for AXIALLY LOADED

COLUMNS

A) If the entire concrete area A2 is covered by

the plate whose area is A1
𝐅𝐩 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓 𝐟𝐜′

B) If A1 is less than A2:

𝐀𝟐
𝐅𝐩 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓 𝐟𝐜′ √ 𝐛𝐮𝐭 ≤ 𝟎. 𝟕 𝐟𝐜′
𝐀𝟏

Allowable bearing stress of concrete wall:

1. For plate covering the full area of
concrete support:
Fp = 0.35 fc’

2. For plate covering less than full area of

concrete support:
𝐅𝐩 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓 𝐟𝐜′ ′ Check A1 > A0 = d*bf , then 𝑵 = √𝑨𝟏 + ∆
➂Minimum width of bearing plates due to web 𝟎. 𝟗𝟓𝒅 − 𝟎. 𝟖𝒃𝒇
3. Minimum width of bearing plates due to ∆=
𝟐
web yielding:
𝑹 C) Thickness of base plate
𝑵 = − 𝟐. 𝟓 𝑲
𝟎. 𝟔𝟔 𝑭𝒚 𝒕𝒘
t
4. Thickness of bearing plate:
𝐟𝐩 𝐑
𝐭 = 𝟐𝐧 √ 𝐟𝐩 =
𝐅𝐲 𝐁𝐍
𝐟𝐩
𝐭 = 𝟐𝐱 √
𝐅𝐲

Note: 𝒙 = 𝒎𝒂𝒙 {𝒎; 𝒏; 𝒏′ }

√𝒅𝒃𝒇
𝒏′ =
𝟒
Steel Design_Lecture02_August2019

Problem 15 CE Board Nov 2010 Problem 17 CE Board May 2012

A Wide flange 600x110 beam is supported by a An axially loaded Wide Flange column is
bearing plate 300mm x 200mm x 25mm on a wall supported on a 25mm thick base plate having
with a thickness of 300mm. The steel Fy = dimensions of 350mmx375mm. The concrete
248MPa, F’c = 24MPa and E = 200GPa. Properties pedestal on which the base plate is set is on
of the Wide Flange: d = 600mm; bf = 225mm; tf = 450mm square. The steel Fy = 250MPa, F’c =
18mm; tw = 12mm; k = 36mm. The allowable 24.2MPa and E = 200GPa. Properties of the Wide
bearing stress of concrete is 0.35F’c. Determine Flange: d = 260mm; bf = 256mm.
the maximum reaction at the beam for the 1. Determine the maximum allowable load due
following conditions. 200 bearing pressure of the concrete support
1. Bearing of 2. Determine the bearing pressure due to
concrete wall bending of the base plate.
2. Bending of the 300 225
3. Determine the maximum allowable load due
bearing plate. to bending of the base plate.
3. Yielding of the
Answer: 1381kN, 7.41MPa, 972.6kN
web at the
support. 300

Answer: 504kN, 178.9kN, 569.61kN

Problem 18 CE Board Nov 2015
Given: Properties of Steel Column:
Depth, d = 305 mm; ,
tw = 7.5 mm, bf = 200
mm; tf = 12 mm Base
Problem 16 CE Board May 2012
plate, B x N = 300 mm x
A Wide flange 450x90 beam is supported by a
450 mm
bearing plate 250mm on a concrete wall. The
Loads: P = 720 KN H =
steel Fy = 248MPa, F’c = 27.5MPa and E = 200GPa.
160 KN
Properties of the Wide Flange: d = 450mm; bf =
Base plate bending
190mm; tf = 18mm; tw = 10mm; k = 35mm. The
stress, Fb = 186 MPa
allowable bearing stress of concrete is 0.35F’c.
Allowable bolt shear
Allowable bending stress in plate is 0.75Fy. If
stress, Fv = 68 MPa
beam loads induce an end reaction of 240kN,
Allowable weld shear
determine the
stress, Fw = 124 MPa
1. Width of the bearing plate if the bearing
length is 100mm 1. Find the required base plate thickness (mm).
2. Thickness of the bearing plate. Consider fixity at the edges of a rectangle
3. Web yielding stress of the web at the support whose sides have dimensions equal to 0.80bf
if length of bearing plate is 100mm. and 0.95d.
2. Using 16 mm ø bolts, how many are required
Answer: 250mm, 36mm, 128MPa to resist the lateral load?
3. Using 8 mm thick fillet weld, what is the total
length (mm) required to resist the lateral load?
Answer: 24mm, 12 bolts, 228mm
Steel Design_Lecture02_August2019

Axially Loaded Columns

Eccentrically Loaded Steel Column
P = AFa (Combined Axial and Bending)
1. When (Intermediate Column) P
ex
𝐊𝐋
< 𝐂𝐜
𝐫 ey

𝐊𝐋 𝐊𝐋 𝐊𝐋
= 𝐦𝐚𝐱 [( ) ; ( ) ]
𝐫 𝐫 𝒙 𝐫 𝒚

𝟐𝝅𝟐 𝑬
𝐂𝐜 = √ NSCP Requirement
𝑭𝒚
I. For Small Axial Compression
Use, 𝒇𝒂
𝑲𝑳 𝟐 ≤ 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓
𝑭𝒂
𝑭𝒚 [𝟏 − 𝟎. 𝟓𝟎 ( 𝑪𝒓 ) ] Use
𝒄 𝒇𝒂 𝒇𝒃𝒙 𝒇𝒃𝒚
𝑭𝒂 = + + ≤ 𝟏. 𝟎
𝑲𝑳 𝑲𝑳 𝟑 𝑭𝒂 𝑭𝒃𝒙 𝑭𝒃𝒚
𝟓 𝟑 𝒓 𝟏
( ) − ( 𝒓 )
𝟑 + 𝟖 𝑪𝒄 𝟖 𝑪𝒄 II. For Large Axial Compression
𝒇𝒂
> 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓
𝑭𝒂
2. When (Long Column)
𝐊𝐋 Use
> 𝐂𝐜
𝐫 𝒇𝒂 𝑪𝒎𝒙 𝒇𝒃𝒙 𝑪𝒎𝒚 𝒇𝒃𝒚
+{ } +{ } ≤ 𝟏. 𝟎
𝑭𝒂 𝒇 𝑭 𝒇 𝑭
Use, (𝟏 − 𝑭 𝒂 ) 𝒃𝒙 (𝟏 − 𝑭 𝒂 ) 𝒃𝒚
𝒆𝒙 𝒆𝒚
𝟏𝟐𝝅𝟐 𝑬
𝑭𝒂 =
𝐊𝐋 𝟐 𝟏𝟐𝝅𝟐 𝑬
𝟐𝟑 ( 𝐫 ) 𝑭𝒆 =
𝑲𝑳 𝟐
𝟐𝟑 ( 𝒓 𝒃 )

Buckling load of steel columns, Pc

𝛑𝟐 𝐄𝐈
𝐏𝐜 =
(𝐤𝐋)𝟐
Steel Design_Lecture02_August2019

Problem 19 CE Board May 2015 Problem 20 CE Board May 2012 (similar)

A column is built up from 4 – 300 mm x 16 mm Two channels are welded together at the tip of
plates, welded to form a box section having a their flanges forming a box section for a column.
width of 300 mm along the x-axis and a depth of The major x-axis of the box section coincides with
332 mm along the y-axis. Unbraced column the x-axis of the channels. Properties of each
length with respect to the x-axis is 12 m. channel Area: A = 3890 mm2 Flange width, bf = 75
With respect to the y-axis, the column is braced mm Depth: d = 300 mm Flange thickness, tw = 7
at third points so that the unbraced length is 4 m. mm, Moment of inertia about the x-axis: Ix = 5.3 x
Assume pinned-ends for both axis. Sidesway is 107 mm4, Moment of inertia about the y-axis: Iy =
prevented. Steel yield stress: Fy = 248 MPa 1.6 x 106 mm4, Distance from the centroid of the
Modulus of elasticity = 200 GPa channel to the back of the web, x = 18 mm
1. Compute the effective slenderness ratio with Unsupported length of the column:
respect to the x-axis. For bending about the x-axis: Lu = 6 m
2. Compute the effective slenderness ratio with For bending about the y-axis: Lu = 4 m
respect to y-axis. Effective length factor: K = 1.0; Fy = 248MPa
3. Compute the axial load capacity (kN) of the 1. Which of the following gives the critical
built up column. slenderness ratio about the x-axis?
2. Which of the following gives the critical
slenderness ratio about the y-axis?
3. The column is
subjected to a
total
compressive
load of 1200kN.
The allowable
compressive
stress is 116
MPa. To
strengthen the
section, cover
plates 110 mm
wide are added
Answer: 94.2, 34, 1812.5kN at the top and
at the bottom
flanges. Find
the thickness of
the required cover plates.

Answer: 51.4, 66.1, 12mm

Steel Design_Lecture02_August2019

Problem 21 CE Board May 2010 Problem 22 CE Board Nov 2012, Dec 2014
Built up column 10m long consists of W350x90 From the figure shown
with two plates welded to form a box section Properties of columns AC and BD
with respect to x-axis is fixed while y-axis is W 250 x 67 kg/m
braced at mid-height. Properties of WF section: A = 8580 mm2 d = 255 mm rx = 110 mm
A =11,540mm2; bf = 250mm; tf = 16mm; Ix = tw = 9 mm bf = 200 mm ry = 51 mm
2.66x108mm4; Iy = 0.44x108mm4; tw = 10mm; Fy = tf = 16 mm rz = 55 mm
248MPa Fy = 248 MPa Ix = 103 x 106 mm
Modulus of elasticity = 200 GPa E = 200,000 MPa Iy = 22 x 106 mm4
1. Compute the effective slenderness ratio with The columns are rigidly attached to the footing at
respect to the x-axis. the base and pin connected at the top. The weak
2. Compute the effective slenderness ratio with axis of each column is braced at mid-height about
respect to y-axis. the y-axis. Side-sway is uninhibited about the x-
3. Compute the axial load capacity (kN) of the axis (K = 1.2) but prevented about the y-axis (K =
built up column. 1.0). Column loads are as follows:
Total axial load: P = 140kN
Moment at the base: Mx = 21kN-m
Answer: 37.64, 36.02, 2654.8kN Moment at the top: Mx = 0; My= 0
Fbx = 0.60 Fy ; Fby = 0.75 Fy
1. Calculate the allowable axial compression
stress Fa in column BD.
2. What is the total ratio of actual to allowable
axial and bending stresses in column BD?
3. If My = 15kN-m, calculate the total ratio of
actual to allowable axial and bending stresses
in column BD.
Answer: 116.6, 0.315, 0.681
Strength_December2019.docx

Problem 01. Axial Stress and Deformation

A hollow cast iron pole has an outside diameter of 450mm and an inside diameter of 350mm. It
is subjected to a compressive force of 1200kN throughout its length 1.2m. The pole is laterally
braced. E = 100 000Mpa.
1. What is the axial compressive stress?
2. What is the axial deformation due to applied force?
3. What is the axial load if axial compressive strain is 0.003?
Answer:  = -19.1Mpa,  = -0.23mmm, P = 18.85kN

Problem 02. Axial Stress and Deformation

A rigid bar AB is hinged to a support at A, and supported by two vertical wires attached at
points C and D. Both wires have same cross sectional area
of 17mm2 and are made of steel. Determine the following
if P = 1500N
0.9m
1. Tensile stress of wire at C. 0.45m
2. Tensile stress of wire at D. C D
A B
3. Downward displacement at the end of B.
Answer: C = 70.59Mpa, D = 88.24Mpa; B = 0.52mm 1500kN
0.5 0.75 0.4

Problem 03. Axial Stress and Deformation

B C D
A steel bar has a cross sectional area of 250mm2 A, and is A
loaded by a force P1 = 12kN, P2 = 8kN, P3 = 6kN. Calculate
the following; P1 P2 P3
1.5m 0.6m 0.9m
1. The change in length of the bar,
2. The stress of member BC, and
3. The load P3 be increased so that no change in length would happen.

Answer: AD = 0.336mm; BC = 8Mpa; PI = 5.6kN

Problem 04. Axial Stress and Shear Stress

A rigid bar AD having a size 10mm by 100mm is hinged C C

to a support at A, and supported by a vertical strut BC

having a section of 10mm by 75mm attached at points 1.2m
C by a bolt. Calculate the following if W = 2.4kN; B
1. The minimum bolt diameter at C if the A D
allowable bolt shear stress is 68Mpa,
2. The stress of the strut, and W
1.2m 1.2m
3. The bolt stress at A if the bolt diameter is
20mm.
Answer: DC = 7mm; BC = 6.4Mpa; A = 7.64Mpa
Strength_December2019.docx

Problem 05. Stress-Strain

A 40mm diameter rod 6m long elongates 12mm under load of 240kN. The diameter decreases
by 0.028mm during the loading. Determine the following;
1. The Poisson’s ratio of the material,
2. The Young’s modulus of the material, and
3. The modulus of rigidity of the material.

Answer: v = 0.35; E = 95,493Mpa; G = 35,368Mpa

Problem 06. Stress-Strain

A 3m long steel plate having a cross section of 25mm by 300mm is use as a hanger and subjected
to a tensile load of 1070kN. The proportional limit of the steel is assumed to be 200Mpa. If the
Poisson’s ratio is 0.25, determine the following;
1. The transverse strain,
2. The total axial deformation, and
3. The transverse dimensional change along 300mm.

Answer: t = 1.783x10-4; L = 2.14mm; X = 0.05mm

Problem 07. Strain Energy

A three story steel column in a building supports roof and floor P1=178kN
loads as shown. If the cross sectional area of each column is
9600mm2 and that E = 200Gpa, determine the following;
1. The strain energy of the upper segment, P2=268kN 3.0m

2. The strain energy of the middle segment, and

3. The strain energy of the lower segment.
P3=268kN 3.0m

Answer: Uu = 24.75N-m
Um = 155.50N-m
3.0m
UL = 398.28N-m

Problem 08. Thermal Stress

D
A rigid bar ABC is pinned at A and supported by the
cables at point B. The 36mm rod is pinned connected. If
the load P = 100kN and that E = 200Gpa. The coefficient 36mmØ
1.8m
of thermal expansion is 12 x10-6, determine the
B
following; A C
1. The displacement at C if temperature rises by
6mmØ 1.2
600,
2. The stress induced by the load P on rod BD. 2.0m 1.4m
Answer: C = 4.76mm; X = 167Mpa P
Strength_December2019.docx

Problem 09. Thermal Stress

A 2.5m steel rod with cross sectional area of 1250mm2 is secured between rigid supports at both
ends. If there is no stress at temperature of 20 0C. Coefficient of thermal expansion is 11.7 x10-6,
determine the following;
1. The stress of the road if the temperature drops to zero,
2. The strain of the rod if the rod supports yield and move together a distance of 0.5mm as
temperature drops, and
3. The stress in the rod if the supports yield and move together a distance of 0.5mm as the
temperature drops.
Answer: t = -46.8Mpa; t = 34x10-5; t = -6.8Mpa

Problem 10. Hoop Tension

A water tank 3m in diameter and a 6m high is made from a steel having a thickness of 12mm. if
it is filled with water, determine the following;
1. The circumferential stress,
2. The longitudinal stress at the bottom of the tank, and
3. The maximum height of the water to which the tank maybe filled if the stress of material
is limited to 5Mpa.
Answer: t = 7.36Mpa; L = 3.68Mpa; H = 4.08m

Problem 11. Hoop Tension

A water tank 3m height has an outside diameter of 600mm and having a thickness of 8mm. if it
is subjected to internal pressure of 2Mpa, determine the following;
1. The circumferential stress,
2. The longitudinal stress of the tank, and
3. The internal pressure if the allowable design is 120Mpa
Answer: t = 73Mpa; L = 36.5Mpa; p = 3.28Mpa

Problem 12. Torsional Stress

A solid steel is subjected to pure torsion. If the solid steel has a diameter of 75mm, has a length
of 2.5m, and G = 78Gpa, determine the following;
1. The torsional rigidity,
2. The torsional stiffness, and
3. The maximum shear stress in the solid steel is subjected to 540N-m torque.
Answer: JG = 2.42kN-m; Ts = 96.9kN-m2 ;  = 6.15Mpa
Strength_December2019.docx

Problem 13. Torsional Stress

A hollow steel shaft is used in the construction has an outside diameter of 150mm and inside
diameter of 100mm. If the applied torque is 16kN-m, and G = 78Gpa, determine the following;
1. The shear stress at the outer surface,
2. The shear stress at the inside surface, and
3. The rate of twist in degrees per meter.
Answer:  = 30.09Mpa;  = 20.06Mpa;  = 0.306degrees/m

Problem 14. Torsional Stress

A drive shaft for a truck has a diameter of 50mm is running at 2500rpm, determine the following;
1. The equivalent torque if the shaft transmits 150kW,
2. The maximum shear stress, and
3. The maximum power that can be transmitted if the shear stress is limited to 30Mpa.
Answer: T = 572.96N-m ;  = 23.34Mpa ; P = 192.8kW

Problem 15. Flexural (Bending) and Horizontal Shear Stress

Determine the minimum height
h of the beam shown if the
flexural stress is not to exceed
20 MPa and allowable shear
stress is 1.75Mpa.

Answer: h =137mm; h = 80.4mm

Problem 16. Flexural (Bending) and Horizontal Shear Stress

In a laboratory test of a beam loaded by end
couples, the fibers at layer AB are found to increase
60 × 10-3 mm whereas those at CD decrease 100 ×
10-3 mm in the 200-mm-gage length. Using E = 70
GPa, determine the flexural stress in the top and
bottom fibers.

Answer:
fb-top = 35MPa, fb-bot = 70Mpa
Strength_December2019.docx

Problem 17. Flexural (Bending) and Horizontal Shear Stress

The right-angled frame shown carries a uniformly distributed
loading equivalent to 200 N for each horizontal projected
meter of the frame; that is, the total load is 1000 N.
1. Compute the maximum flexural stress at section a-a
if the cross-section is 50 mm square.
2. Find the maximum flexural stress at section b-b.

Answer: fb-aa = 29.952MPa, fb-bb = 21.888MPa

Problem 18. Beam Curvature

A high strength steel band saw, 20 mm wide by 0.80 mm thick, runs over pulleys 600 mm in
diameter.
1. What maximum flexural stress is developed?
2. What minimum diameter pulleys can be used without
exceeding a flexural stress of 400 MPa? Assume E = 200
GPa.

Answer:
fb = 266.67MPa, d = 400mm

Problem 19. Beam Curvatute

A thin strip of length L = 700 mm and thickness of t =
6.25 mm is bent by couples Mo as shown in the
figure. The deflection at the midpoint of the strip
measured from a line joining its end points, is found
to be 5 mm. Es = 200,000 MPa. Determine
1. The radius of curvature
2. The moment Mo if EI = 300N-m2
3. The longitudinal normal strain at the top of
the surface of the strip.

Answer: 12243mm; 24.49N-m; 2.552x10-4

Strength_December2019.docx

Problem 20. Flexural (Bending) and Horizontal Shear Stress

Find the maximum tensile and compressive flexure stresses for the cantilever beam shown.

Answer: fb-comp = 24MPa, fb-tens = 25MPa

Problem 21. Flexural (Bending) and Horizontal Shear Stress

The T section shown in is the cross-section of a
beam formed by joining two rectangular pieces of
wood together. The beam is subjected to a
maximum shearing force of 60 kN. Determine the
shearing stress
1. at the neutral axis, and
2. at the junction between the two pieces of
wood.
3. Moment of inertia about the neutral axis

Answer: INA = 10.57 × 106 mm4, fv-na = 3.28MPa,

fv-flange = 3.1788MPa, fv-wed =31.7881MPa

Problem 22. Flexural (Bending) and Horizontal Shear Stress

The distributed load shown is supported by a wide-flange section of the given dimensions.
Determine the maximum value of wo that will not exceed a flexural stress of 10 MPa or a
shearing stress of 1.0 MPa.

adadfadfadfadfad
Strength_December2019.docx

Answer: w = 94.36N/m
Problem 23. Flexural (Bending) and Horizontal Shear Stress
A wide flange section is formed by bolting together three
planks, each 80 mm by 200 mm, arranged as shown. If each
bolt can withstand a shearing force of 8 kN, determine the
pitch if the beam is loaded so as to cause a maximum
shearing stress of 1.4 MPa.

Answer: s = 84.18mm

Problem 24. Flexural (Bending) and Horizontal Shear Stress

A plate and angle girder similar to that shown is fabricated by riveting the short legs of four 125
× 75 × 13 mm angles to a web plate 1000 mm by 10 mm to form a section 1020 mm deep. The
moment of inertia of the entire section about the NA is I = 4770 × 106 mm4, determine the rivet
pitch for 22-mm rivets, attaching the angles to the web plate at a section where V = 450 kN. τ =
100 MPa shear stress of bolt, σb = 220 MPa bearing stress for single shear rivet, σb = 280 MPa
bearing stress for double shear rivet

Answer: s =273.58mm

200mm
Problem 25. Flexural (Bending) and Horizontal Shear Stress
A box beam, built up as shown is secured by screws spaced
125mm. apart. The beam supports concentrated loads P at the 150mm
third points of a simply supported span 3.6m long. Determine the
maximum value of P that will not exceed fv = 0.85MPa in the beam 200mm 250mm
or a shearing force of 1.3kN in the screws. What is the maximum
flexural stress in the beam?
Answer: 7.9kN, 7.4MPa
Strength_December2019.docx

Problem 26. Shear and Moment Diagrams

The shear diagram for the beam is shown, 652kN
assuming no couples act as loads on the beam. 580kN
Determine 572kN
500kN
1. The uniform load carried by the beam
in kN/m
2. The maximum moment of the beam. A B C D
3. Location of the point of inflection from -128kN
point A. -448kN
4m 16m 4m
Answer: 20kN/m; 2448kN-m; 14.5m

Problem 27. Shear and Moment Diagrams

The shear diagram for the beam is shown, assuming no couples act as loads on the beam.
Determine
1. The uniform load
carried by the beam
in kN/m
2. The non-uniform
load carried by the
beam
3. The maximum
moment of the
beam.
Answer: 4kN/m; 8kN/m; 18.26kN-m

Problem 27. Shear and Moment Diagrams,

CE Bd. May 2013; CE Bd. Dec 2014
For the figure loaded as shown,
Determine
1. The moment at midspan if
x1 = 2 m
2. The distance x1, if the
moment at mid-span is zero.

Answer: 37.5kN-m; 2.5m

Strength_December2019.docx

Problem 28. Shear and Moment Diagrams, CE Bd. Nov 2012

For the figure loaded as shown, Determine
1. The maximum shear, in
kN.
2. The maximum
moment, in kN-m.
3. The distance from the
left end where the
flexural stress is zero.

Answer: 48kN; 42kN-m; 3.5m

Problem 29. Shear and Moment Diagrams, CE Bd. May 2012

For the barge loaded as shown, determine
1. The length L so that the upward pressure is
uniform and that the barge remains horizontal
2. Shear at 3m from the left end if the upward
pressure is 72kN/m
3. Distance from the left end so that the shear is
zero if the upward pressure is 87kN/m
Answer: 15m; -219kN; 5m

Problem 30. Combined Stress

A cast iron link is 40 mm wide by 200 mm high by 500 mm long. The allowable stresses are 40
MPa in tension and 80 MPa in compression. Compute the largest compressive load P that can
be applied to the ends of the link along a longitudinal axis that is located 150 mm above the
bottom of the link.

Answer:
P=256 kN
Strength_December2019.docx

Problem 31. Combined Stress

Determine the largest load P that can be supported by the
circular steel bracket shown in the figure if the normal stress
on section A-B is limited to 80 MPa.

Answer: P=29.92 kN

Problem 32. Combined Stress

To avoid interference, a link in a machine is designed so that its cross-sectional area is reduced
one half at section A-B as
shown. If the thickness of the
link is 50 mm, compute the
maximum force P that can be
applied if the maximum normal
stress on section A-B is limited
to 80 MPa.
Answer: P=40000 N

Problem 33. Combined Stress

A concrete dam has the profile shown. If the density of
concrete is 2400 kg/m3 and that of water is 1000
kg/m3, determine the maximum compressive stress at
section m-n if the depth of the water behind the dam
is h = 15 m.

Answer: qmax=48,333.33 kg/m2

Strength_December2019.docx

Problem 34. Combined Stress

A circular post, 300mm diameter and a rectangular post, 300
wide are each compressed by loads that produce a resultant 300mm 300mm
force of 2400kN acting the edge of the cross section. They are
of equal size. Compute P P d
1. Maximum compressive stress of the circular post
2. The side “d” of rectangular section if the tensile stress
of both posts are the same
3. The maximum compressive stress of the rectangular post.

Answer: -169.75Mpa; 157mm; -203.83Mpa

MOVING LOAD
Maximum Moment:
In general, the bending moment under a particular load is a maximum when the center
of the beam is midway between that load and the resultant of all the loads then on the span.
Maximum Shear:
The maximum shear occurs at the reaction where the resultant load is nearest.

Problem 35. Moving Load

A truck with axle loads of 40 kN and 60 kN on a wheel base of 5 m rolls across a 10-m span.
Compute
1. The maximum bending moment and
2. The maximum shearing force.
Answer: 160kN-m, 80kN

Problem 36a. Moving Load

A truck and trailer combination crossing a 12-m span has axle loads of 10, 20, and 30 kN
separated respectively by distances of 3 and 5 m. Compute
1. The maximum moment and
2. The maximum shear developed in the span.
Answer: 104.17kN-m, 45kN

Problem 36b. Moving Load

A truck and trailer combination crossing a 15-m span has axle loads of 10, 20, and 30 kN
separated respectively by distances of 3 and 5 m. Compute
1. The maximum moment and
2. The maximum shear developed in the span.
Answer: 144kN-m, 48kN
Strength_December2019.docx

Problem 37. Mohr Circle

For the state of plane stress shown, determine the maximum in
plane shear stress and the planes on which it acts.

Answer: max = 86Mpa, s = 27.3° and 117.3°;

x’y’ = -86Mpa, ave = n = -30Mpa

Problem 38. Mohr Circle

For the state of plane stress is with respect to xy-axes as
shown, determine the equivalent state of stress with respect
to x’y’-axes.

Answer: x’ = 72.1Mpa, y’= 17.9Mpa; x’y’ = 33Mpa

Problem 39. Mohr Circle

For the state of plane stress shown, determine (a) the principal
planes, (b) the principal stresses, (c) the maximum shearing
stress and the corresponding normal stress.

Answer: p = 26.6° and 116.6°; max = 70Mpa, min= -30Mpa; [Gr

ab
max = 50Mpa, ave = n = 20Mpa

Problem 40. Mohr Circle

For the state of plane stress shown, determine (a) the principal
planes and the principal stresses, (b) the stress components
exerted on the element obtained by rotating the given element
counterclockwise through 300.

Answer: p = 33.7° max = 132Mpa, min= 28Mpa;

 = 52.6°° x ’ = 48.4Mpa, y ’= 111.6Mpa, xy = 41.3Mpa

Strength_December2019.docx

Problem 40. Normal and Shear Stresses

A rectangular bar, 25 mm x 50 mm in cross section is subjected
to a tensile force, P = 80 kN. Plane A-A makes and angle, θ =
300 with the x-axis. Determine
1. the tensile stress on plane A – A
2. the shear stress on plane A – A
3. maximum shear stress

Answer:  ’= 48Mpa,  = 27.7Mpa, max = 32Mpa

Problem 40. Normal and Shear Stresses

A 250mm long metal block, 100 mm x 100 mm in cross section is subjected to a compressive
force of P = 140kN. A plane A-A makes and angle, θ = 600 with respect to horizontal axis.
Determine
1. The tensile stress on plane A – A
2. The shear stress on plane A – A
3. The maximum shear stress

Answer:  ’= -3.5Mpa,  = 6.06Mpa, max = 7Mpa

Structural Theory: Lecture 01

Structure – a system of connected parts used to support loads.

Structural analysis – the prediction of the performance of a given structure under
prescribed loads and or other external effects, such as support movements and
temperature changes. The performance characteristics of the structure are:
a) stresses,
b) deflections, and
c) support reactions

Reduction of Live Loads and ACI Coefficient

Lr = Reduced Live Load

L = Live Load as per NSCP
Ai= Influence Area
= 4Tributary Area (Column)
= 2Tributary Area (Beam)

Problem 1.
The continuous floor beam EFGH is shown in
the figure. It has a 100 mm slab thickness and
the beams 300 mm x 500 mm. Column section
is 0.30 m x 0.30 m.
Live load = 3.6 KPa
Superimposed Dead load = 2.6 KPa
Concrete weighs = 24 KN/m3
Used live load reduction as specified by the
NSCP 2010.
1. Compute ultimate the positive moment
for beam EF using reduced live loads.
2. Compute the ultimate negative moment
at the face of support E using reduced live loads.
3. Compute the ultimate negative moment at F using reduced live loads.
Answers: Mu =149.48 KN-m, Me = - 130.79 KN-m, Mf = - 190.20 KN-m
Structural Theory: Lecture 01

Problem 2.
A three storey building has interior columns spaced 8 m. apart in two perpendicular directions.
Given design loads:
Roof: DL = 5 kPa LL = 0
Floor: DL = 7 kPa (typical each floor)
LL = 2.4 kPa (3rd floor)
LL = 6.0 (2nd floor)
In accordance with NSCP provisions, reduced floor live load,
𝐿𝑟 = 𝐿 (0.25 + 4.57/√A1
Where:
Lo = unreduced live load
A1 = influence area (equals 4 times tributary area for a column)
Based on the tributary area of an interior column.
1. What is the total axial load on a column at the second floor due to service live load?
2. What is the total axial load on a column at the ground floor due to service live load?
3. What is the total dead load on a column at the ground floor level?
Answers (P = 82.30 kN, P = 288 kN, P = 1216 kN)

Statistically Determinate Beams/ Frames

Problem 3.
Classify each structure (Beam/Frame) if determinate or indeterminate. If indeterminate. Determine the
degree of indeterminacy.

Answer {a)SI 2nd, b)SI 22th, c)SI 12th, d)SD}

Structural Theory: Lecture 01

Answer { SI 1st, SD, SI 3rd, SI 1st }

Problem 4.
Classify each truss if determinate or indeterminate.

Answer (Unstable, SI 1st, SD, SD) Answer (SD, SD, Unstable)

Structural Theory: Lecture 01

Beam Deflection
(Moment Area and Conjugate Beam Method)

Theorem 1. Moment Area Method

The change in slope between the tangents to the elastic curve at any two points is
equal to the area under the M/EI diagram between the two points, provided that the elastic
curve is continuous between the two points.

Theorem 2. Moment Area Method

The tangential deviation in the direction perpendicular to the un-deformed axis of
the beam of a point on the elastic curve from the tangent to the elastic curve at another
point is equal to the moment of the area under the M/EI diagram between the two points
about the point at which the deviation is desired, provided that the elastic curve is
continuous between the two points.

Problem 5.
A propped beam 8m long carries a uniform load of 12kN/m from the 12Kn/m
fixed end support up to the mid-span, determine the following
1. Reaction at support B
A B
2. Slope of the support B over EI 4m 4m
3. Moment at fixed support A.
Answer: 5.25kN; 40/EI; -54kN-m

Problem 5a.
A 6 m. long beam is supported by a roller at the right end and a fixed support at the left end. It carries a
uniform load of “w” KN/m throughout the beam.
1. Compute the safe value of “w” so that it will not exceed the flexural capacity of the beam of 270
KN.m.
2. Compute the safe value of “w” so that it will not exceed the shear capacity of the beam of 180 KN.
3. Compute the safe value of “w” so that it will not exceed the deflection of 30 mm at the right end
when the roller support is removed. Flexural rigidity of the beam is 432 x 10 12 N.mm2.
Answer (w = 60 KN / m, w = 48 KN/m, w = 80 KN/m)
Problem 6.
A 5 m. long cantilever beam, 300 mm x 400 mm in cross-section carries a total uniformly distributed load of
26 kN/m. Beam modulus of elasticity is 25 x 103 MPa.
1. What is the max. beam deflection at the end?
2. What is the force (kN) should be applied at the free end of the beam to prevent its deflection?
3. What force (kN) should be applied at mid length of the beam in order to balance its deflection at the
free end?
Answer (δ1 = 50.8 mm, P = 48.8 kN, P = 156 kN)
Structural Theory: Lecture 01

Problem 7.
The cantilever beam shown in the figure has a rectangular cross-
section 50 mm wide by h mm high. Find the height h if the
maximum deflection is not to exceed 10 mm. Use E = 10 GPa.
Answer: ( h =618.67mm)

Problem 8.
For the cantilever beam shown in the figure, what will cause
zero deflection at A?
Answer: ( P =112.5 N)

[Grab your
reader’s

Problem 9.
Compute the midspan value of EIδ for the beam shown in the
figure. (Hint: Draw the M diagram by parts, starting from midspan
toward the ends. Also take advantage of symmetry to note that the
tangent drawn to the elastic curve at midspan is horizontal.)
Answer: ( EIδ =3350 N-m3)

Problem 10.
Find the value of EIδ at the point of application of the 200 N·m
couple in the figure shown.
Answer:( EIδ =391.67 N-m3)
Structural Theory: Lecture 01

Problem 10a
Two beams each has 100mm by 200mm are loaded as shown.
If E = 14GPa, determine the following
/m
3kN
1. Reaction at B A
2. Deflection at B
B 3m
3. Maximum bending stress
C D
Answer: 3.18kN, 1.92mm, 5.94MPa
3m

Problem 10b

The assembly consists of a cantilever beam CB and a

simply supported beam AB. Each beam is made up of A
C 60kN
steel and has a moment of inertia about its principal
axis of Ix=46x106 mm4. The beam has a depth of
800mm. E=200GPa. Determine the following D

1. Displacement at point B
2m
2. Bending stress of beam AB 4m B
3. Displacement at the center at D of beam AB 2m

Moment Distribution

Problem 11
Determine the end moments for the beam loaded
as shown
Answer (-62.5kn-m, -125.2kn-m, -281.5kn-, -
234.3kn-m)
Structural Theory: Lecture 01

Three Moment Equation

Problem 12
Determine the end moments for the
beam loaded as shown. Assume
support C is fixed. EI constant

Answer (-24kn-m, -6kn-m)

Problem 13 (Three Moment Equation and Moment Distribution)

Determine the end moments for the beam loaded as shown. Assume support A is fixed. EI constant

10kN 6kN/m

A 5m 2m B 4m C
Structural Theory: Lecture 02

Frames Subjected to Lateral Loads

(Approximate Analysis)
Assumptions:
1. A hinged is placed midway between columns and girders
2. Shear at interior column hinge is twice that of the exterior column hinge.

Problem 14
A Warren Portal shown is subjected to a lateral load of 42kN 2m 4m 2m

at joint C. The supports at A and I are fixed, determine the C D F G

following 42kN
2m

1. Vertical reaction at I
B E H
2. Stress of member CD
3. Stress of member FH
7.2m

Answer: 29.4kN, 79.8kN, 41.58kN

A I

Problem 15
8m 8m
The given frame is subjected to lateral
C F I
loads as indicated. Using portal method
30kN
determine the following 4m

1. Moment at D 50kN E H
B
2. Moment at FC at joint F
3. Axial force of column AB 6m

A D G
Answer (120kn-m; 15kn-m; 22.5kN)
Structural Theory: Lecture 02

Frames Subjected to Vertical Loads

(Approximate Analysis)
Assumptions:
1. The inflection points are located at 1/10 of the span from each end of the girder.
2. The girder axial force is zero.

Problem 16.
For the frame subjected to uniform load as shown, determine 10kN/m
the following approximate values E F

1. Maximum positive moment of girder CD

2. Maximum negative moment of girder CD 4m
10kN/m
3. Shear at C C D

Answer: (80kN-m; 45kN-m; 50kN)

6m

A B
10m

Deflection of Trusses

Problem 16
From the given truss, support C is roller while support A is hinged. Determine the following
1. Stress of BC due to actual load 3m
B 600kN
2. Stress of BC due to 1-unit load A
3. Vertical deflection at B
4m 400kN
Answer (500kn; 1.5kn; 6.75mm)
C
Structural Theory: Lecture 02

Influence Line

Problem. CE Board May 2010

A 12 m. long beam is simply supported at the right end and at 2 m. from the left end. It
is subjected to a highway lane load consisting of 9.35kN/m uniformly distributed load and 116
kN concentrated load. Based on the influence line for maximum moment at mid-span,
1. What is the total length in meters of the beam which should be subjected to a
uniformly distributed load to obtain the maximum positive moment at mid-span?
2. What is the total length in meters of the beam which should be subjected to the
uniformly distributed load to obtain the maximum negative moment at the mid-
span?
3. What would be the critical positive moment (kN-m) at mid-span due to the highway
lane load? Answer (10m, 2m, 407Kn-m)

Problem.

A 25 m. long beam is simply supported at the right end and 5 m. from the left end.
1. Find the maximum ordinate of the influence line for maximum shear at mid-span.
2. What is the ordinate of the influence line at the free end that will give maximum
shear at mid-span?
3. Find the maximum ordinate of the influence line for maximum reaction at the left
support. Answer (0.50, 0.25, 1.25)
Structural Theory: Lecture 02

Problem. CE Board May 2014

A bridge truss is subjected to a

standard highway load at the
bottom chord. The highway
load consists of a uniformly
distributed load of 9.35 kN/m
and a concentrated load of 116
kN. Angle θ = 60°. L1 = 16 m. L2
= 8 m. For the computation of
design force, apply the moving
concentrated load at the truss
joint only.
1. Find the maximum vertical reaction at A due to the highway load.
2. What is the maximum ordinate of the influence line for the force developed in
member JK?
3. Determine the maximum force (kN) that can be developed in member JK due to the
highway load. Answer (190.8Kn, - 0.557, 110.10Kn)

Problem.
Draw the influence line for the force
in (a) member EH
and (b) member JE, (c) member JI,
and (d) member AL.

Answer
Structural Theory: Lecture 02

Problem.
The compound beam is subjected to a uniform dead load of 1.5 kN_m and a single live load of
10 kN. Determine (a) the maximum negative moment created by these loads at A, and (b) the
maximum positive shear at B. Assume A is a fixed support, B is a pin, and C is a roller.
Answer ((MA) max=-106 kN- m, (VB) max=17.5 kN)

Problem.

Determine the maximum

positive moment at point C
on the single girder caused
by the moving load.
Answer (34.0 kN-m)
Structural Theory: Lecture 02

Problem
A composite beam carries a 6.0Kn/m uniform load and two concentrated loads of 10.0Kn acting
at the middle thirds of the simple beam 4.5m span. The wooden beam is composed of 150mm
by 250mm and is reinforced at the bottom by one channel C150x16 with the flanges facing down
and that the entire depth of channel supports the full width of the wooden beam. Assume
allowable bending stress of steel to be 150Mpa and that of the wood to be 11Mpa,
Ew=13,334MPa, Es=200,000MPa. Properties of the channel (A=1980mm2, Ix=6.22x106mm4,
Iy=0.351x106mm4, d=150mm, tw=8.0mm, tf=8.7mm, bf=51mm, x=12.6mm). Determine the
following;
1. Maximum flexural stress for the wood, and for the steel of the composite beam?
2. Spacing of 10mm screw arranged in two rows if the screw has an allowable shear stress
of 90Mpa considering the full length of the channel is connected to the beam?, and
3. Required length of the reinforcing channel bar if bar cutting is considered?
Answer (7.65MPa & 71.13MPa; 125mm; 2.87m)

Problem
It is proposed to strengthen a 100mm by 250mm timber beam by reinforcing it with a steel plate,
6mm thick connected at the top and bottom of the beam throughout its length. The simple beam
spans 4.8m and loaded with 6.0kN/m. Ew =16,000MPa, Es =200,000MPa. Allowable flexural stress
of steel is 85Mpa while the wood is 10Mpa.
1. What is the required width of the steel plate if needed?
2. What is the spacing of 10mm screw arranged in single row if the screw has an allowable
shear stress of 90MPa?, and
3. What is the maximum shear stress of the composite beam?
Answer (82.5mm; 205mm; 0.70MPa)