REPUBLIC OF YEMEN

SANA'A UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Power Electronics & Drives Laboratory

Single Phase Half Wave Uncontrolled Rectifier with

Resistive Load

Prepared by:
Mohammed hamod noaman - 20
Hamza ezzalwatan alrubasi - 201970188
3rd Group

General

Supervised by: Eng. Amjad AL-Shugatha.

Abstract

The experiment focuses on the analysis and characterization of a single-phase half-

wave uncontrolled rectifier circuit. The rectifier circuit converts alternating current
(AC) into direct current (DC) using a diode, a load resistor, and an AC power source.
The objective of the experiment is to understand the behavior and performance of the
rectifier in terms of voltage and current characteristics, efficiency, ripple factor, and
output power. Various measurements and observations are performed during the
experiment. The output waveform of the rectifier is analyzed to determine the
rectification process and the presence of ripple. The voltage and current waveforms are
recorded to assess the behavior of the circuit during positive half-cycles of the input
AC signal. The experiment also involves calculating the output voltage, load current,
and power dissipation in the load resistor. Efficiency, form factor and ripple factor are
calculated to evaluate the performance of the rectifier circuit. Comparisons may be
made between the theoretical calculations and the experimental results to validate the
analysis. The results obtained from the experiment provide insights into the
characteristics and limitations of the single-phase half-wave rectifier. The analysis of
voltage and current waveforms, as well as efficiency and ripple factor, helps in
understanding the practical aspects of rectifier circuits. The experiment's outcomes
contribute to the fundamental knowledge of power electronics and serve as a
foundation
for further studies and applications in rectification and DC power conversion.

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Contents
Objective ...................................................................................................................... 1
Theory........................................................................................................................... 1
Circuit Diagram............................................................................................................ 1
Procedure ..................................................................................................................... 2
Observations ................................................................................................................ 2
Lab Observations Obtained ......................................................................................... 3
Calculations ................................................................................................................. 4
Result ........................................................................................................................... 4
Simulation of Circuit using MATLAB Simulink ........................................................ 5
Circuit Diagram ....................................................................................................... 5
Specification of Circuit ............................................................................................ 5
Output Waveforms .................................................................................................. 5
Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 6
References .................................................................................................................... 7

List of Figures
Figure1 Circuit Diagram ............................................................................................ 1
Figure2 Input Voltage Waveform .............................................................................. 3
Figure3 Diode Voltage Waveform ............................................................................. 3
Figure4 Output Voltage Waveform ........................................................................... 3
Figure5 Circuit Diagram Using MATLAB ................................................................ 5
Figure6 Output Waveforms Using MATLAB ........................................................... 5

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Objective
To design and simulate a Half Wave Rectifier circuit.

Theory

The conversion of AC into DC is called Rectification. Electronic devices can convert

AC power into DC power with high efficiency. During the positive half cycle, the
diode
is forward biased and it conducts and hence a current flow through the load resistor.
During the negative half cycle, the diode is reverse biased and it is equivalent to an
open circuit, hence the current through the load resistance is zero. Thus, the diode
conducts only for one half cycle and results in half wave rectification. The input and
output voltage waveform may be analytically written as:

vin = Vp sin wt, 0 <t<T

And
T
V0Ut= vm sin wt, 0<t<

T
Vout= 0, 2<t<r

where
Vm=Vp-VT
and VT is the threshold voltage of the diode.

Circuit Diagram

Figwel Circuit Diagram

1
The average (dc) value of half wave rectified sine wave voltage is represented by
Vavg = vdc= 1 L vm sin wt d(wt) + L 0.d(wt) = Ym
1/22 n

RMS voltage at the load resistance can be calculated as:

Vims = F^) = Ym

Procedure
1. Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram.
2. Give the input signal as specified.
3. Switch on the power supply.
4. Note down the value of AC and DC voltages from the Oscilloscope.
5. Draw the necessary waveforms on the graph sheet.

Observations
1. Observe the output waveform from Oscilloscope.
2. Measure the value of AC and DC voltages of the output waveform from the
Oscilloscope.
3. Calculate:
i. Ripple Factor:

Ripple factor is defined as the ratio of effective value of AC

component to the average DC value.
Ripple Factor (RF),
RF = ٧]‫“؛‬/2[2_1 = 1.21

ii. Efficiency:
Efficiency, is the ratio of the dc output power to ac input power:

dc output power pdc dc

/RL 4

ac output powet pac vrms2/ n2 ٠

|RL
iii. Form Factor:
The form factor is given by:

Vrms - ‫__ع‬1 57
FF =

2
Lab Observations Obtained
1. Input Voltage Vin = 36.8V
2. Input waveform frequency = 50Hz
3. Output waveform frequency = 50H
4. Ouput Voltage Vm = 36V
5. Vrms = Vm/2 = 18V
6. Vdc = Vm/pi = 11.46V

Figure2 Input Voltage Waveform

Figure 3 Diode Voltage Waveform

Figured Output Voltage Waveform

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Calculations

1. Ripple Factor:
RF = = 1.21

Experimentally:
RF
=JS=JSf-^=‫أال=بج‬

2. Efficiency:
Vac2/
de output power Pac /RL 4
^ = 0.405 = 40.5%
‫خ‬
١ ‫ ةط‬/
ae output powet Pac ^2

Experimentally:
1'10405=1
de output power Pac
n = -----------------------
ae output powet Pac

3. Form Factor:
FF=tl:i,57

Experimentally:
FF:-^:^-15

Result

The Half Wave Rectifier circuit design output waveforms have been studied and the
required parameters are calculated.

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Simulation of Circuit using MATLAB Simulink
Circuit Diagram

Figurc5 Circuit DiagramUg MATLAB

Specification of Circuit
i. Input Voltage = 220V RMS = 220 * ^2 Peak.
ii. Input Frequency = 50 HZ.
iii. Resistor value = 20 Ohms.
iv. Threshold voltage of diode = 0.8V.
Output Waveforms

Figure6 Output Wcwejfoms Usiug MATLAB

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Conclusion
A single-phase half-wave uncontrolled rectifier is a simple rectifier circuit used to
convert alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC). It consists of a diode
connected in series with a load resistor and an AC source. Here are some conclusions
you can draw about a single-phase half-wave uncontrolled rectifier:

1. Half-Wave Rectification: The rectifier circuit allows only the positive half-
cycles of the AC input to pass through while blocking the negative half-cycles.
As a result, the output waveform is a series of half-wave pulses.

2. Low Efficiency: Since only half of the input waveform is utilized, the rectifier
has lower efficiency compared to full-wave rectifiers. The output power is
significantly reduced.

3. High Ripple Factor: The output waveform of a half-wave rectifier contains a

significant amount of ripple, which refers to the AC component present in the
rectified DC output. The ripple is caused by the gaps between the half-wave
pulses.

4. Voltage and Current Characteristics: The output voltage of a single-phase half-

wave rectifier is equal to the peak voltage of the input AC signal. The load
current flows only during the positive half-cycles of the input waveform.

5. Output Frequency: The output frequency of the rectifier is the same as the
input
frequency since it does not involve frequency conversion. It is determined by
the frequency of the AC power source.

6. Simple Design: The single-phase half-wave rectifier is relatively simple in

design, requiring only a single diode. This simplicity makes it cost-effective
and
easy to implement.

7. Limited Applications: Due to its low efficiency, high ripple factor, and limited
output power, the single-phase half-wave rectifier is not suitable for
applications that require smooth and stable DC power. It is commonly used in
low-power applications where cost and simplicity are more important than
performance.

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References
1. "Power Electronics: Converters, Applications, and Design" by Ned Mohan,
Tore M. Undeland, and William P. Robbins.
2. "Power Electronics: Circuits, Devices, and Applications" by Muhammad H.
Rashid.
3. "Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory" by Robert L. Boylestad and Louis
Nashelsky.
4. "Power Electronics: Principles and Applications" by Joseph Vithayathil.
5. "Introduction to Power Electronics" by D.W. Hart.