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Electronic Records Management System Adoption Readiness Framework for

Higher Professional Education Institutions in Yemen

Article in International Journal on Advanced Science Engineering and Information Technology · December 2016
DOI: 10.18517/ijaseit.6.6.1369

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Vol.6 (2016) No. 6
ISSN: 2088-5334

Electronic Records Management System Adoption Readiness

Framework for Higher Professional Education Institutions in Yemen
Muaadh Mukred#, Zawiyah M. Yusof#, Umi Asma’ Mokhtar#, Nazura Abdul Manap*
#
Research Center for Software Technology and Management, Faculty of Information Science and Technology,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

*
Faculty of Law, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 43600 Malaysia
E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract— Electronic records (e-records) are used to provide proof of organizational activities. E-records are crucial in
complementing business functions, an essential tool to assess organizational performance and are the core of good governance. E-
records in Higher Professional Education (HPE) institutions contain valuable information in running the education business in an
efficient and effective manner, supplying services consistently and in supporting effective performance evaluation and decisions.
There are serious consequences and risk awaiting when the administrators of HPE are not based on information contained in e-
records in making decisions. Well-informed decision makings would thus be impossible if electronic records are not efficiently and
effectively managed the using system. Therefore, Electronic Records Management System (ERMS) is an effective and efficient tool to
hinder such a problem. Voluminous electronic records are created every day in HPE. The record keepers inclusive of records
managers, archivists, administrators and IT personnel, who are the people essentially involved in creating, maintaining and
preserving the contents of the e-records. Thus, this personnel participating in the records keeping should identify the readiness of the
HPE institutions to adopt ERMS. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to investigate the readiness of the Yemeni HPE institutions to
adopt the ERMS. The study involves interviewing 20 specialists from Yemeni HPE institutions who are involved in ERMS. The
findings showed that in order to promote effective ERMS readiness in the HPE institutions, there should be a framework to be used
as guidance in such process.

Keywords— Yemen; Electronic Records Management System; ERMS adoption; policy; Higher Professional Education

delivering services. Therefore, ERMS is crucial in this

I. INTRODUCTION direction.
In this modern age, the exponential increase of According to the International Organization for
information volume has transformed the manner in which Standardization (ISO), ERMS is described as an electronic
organizations, both public and private in carrying out their information system that has the functionality for capturing,
businesses [1]. Significant changes have taken place in the managing, and providing access to e-records.
nature of the information being generated [2], [3] stored, It is evident through the last decade that good ERMS is
processed and distributed. Although technology can help to vital for good electronic recordkeeping. ERMS is replying
manage the creation and the processing of information, if the need for its users who are dependent on actions are taken
used without understanding the records and information through the e-records life cycle. Thus, organizations began
management principle, will only invite haphazard effect to design and implement ERMS application that provides
[4]. sufficient and effective functionality [5].
Research in electronic records management has received The trusted ERMS should be able to capture, maintain as
attention in the developed countries with investigations well as offer access to transactions’ evidence over time as
focusing on practical solutions to the management of e- required by the standards and requirements. In other words,
records [6]. According to [7], the future directions of e- the trusted ERMS is distinguished from other types of
government would be closely connected to government information systems by the fact that is organized to
business to support evidence-based governance and accomplish specific functions of creating, storing, and
accessing records for evidential purposes. To be precise, the

804
ERMS has the capacity of deciding how long records should content, structure and management, the information will lack
be retained [8]. the legal value because the authentication is questionable.
The implementation of ERMS in the HPE institutions and There is a low awareness among governments' stakeholders
universities in the developing countries is still limited as of the importance of ERMS to create records as evidence as
evidenced by the study of [2]. HPE is a portfolio-oriented well as a lack of full functionality needed to deal with
system based on Outcome Based Education (OBE). The records. There are serious consequences in case e-records
learning outcomes of a module implementation plan are not well managed and protected. These e-records might
illustrate the knowledge to be gained by the student. The be deleted or damaged through technological or an
primary attribute of a learning outcome is that it ought to be insufficient control framework [14], [15].
designed with regard to a final output of learning. It is In the developing countries, which share many similarities
crucial for the learners to make a portfolio, which comprises at social, political and economic levels as well as problems
facts, encompassing the learning outcome of all the modules. related to managing ERMS, the increasing tendency to use
In HPE institutions, students might be using several computers to streamline administration has highlighted a
portfolios, including numerous evidence records. These requirement for access to information contained in e-records
portfolios are used for generating information on a daily [12]. However, many of those countries currently lack the
basis. Nevertheless, it is crucial to have accurate and reliable frameworks that could assist in the proper adoption of
information for the purpose of evaluation and decision ERMS [54], [55] which reflects the lack of readiness to
making. In HPE, there are many e-records generated implement such a system. Therefore, it is crucial to examine
periodically which need to be managed effectively and the readiness and capability of adopting ERMS especially in
efficiently in order to increase the performance of the the education area where the electronic records are generated
education. Since records can differentiate between daily and need efficient and effective management
successful and unsuccessful organizations, they should be systems.
managed effectively and efficiently and exploited optimally
[9]. Thus, adopting ERMS for managing e-records in HPE A. Electronic Records and Higher Professional Education
institutions becomes an urgent issue. Education is considered as one of the primary inspiring
Adopting ERMS calls for serious steps to be taken to factors beyond national economic development and is one of
guarantee that records are created, obtained, maintained and the most effective ways in which individuals can ever hope
managed according to regulations and compliance with the to achieve better opportunities and a higher standard of
policies. If this is neglected in higher education institutions living.
in these countries, it will continuously encounter problems Rapid developments in technology have made tremendous
[57]. The adoption of ERMS should be monitored and changes in the way of life and the demands of society. In
continuously evaluated to reduce failure. Reference [4] recognizing the impact of new technologies on the
assures that there should be many criteria to assess the workplace and everyday life, today’s teacher must try to
organization's readiness for the adoption of ERMS. These restructure their education programs and classroom facilities
are the legal and regulatory framework, the infrastructure, in order to minimize the teaching and learning technology
procedures for collecting, processing, storing and gap between today and the future [16], [17].
disseminating e-records, the staffing and training levels and In educational organizations, e-records are important in
issues relating to the policy and financial support. Thus, this the achievement of their objectives. Records management
paper assesses the challenges and the readiness in managing could give untold advantages in the form of improved
e-records among institutions throughout Yemeni HPE. effectiveness, increased standardization, cost reduction, and
help organizations comply with legislation, standard and
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS guidelines as well as decision-making process [18].
Educational organizations' records, whether physical or
ERM is a challenge for many organizations due to the
electronic should be properly kept and managed for
growing volume of e-records. Organizations should manage
utilization and future retrieval. Information and data
e-records effectively as they document the information
generated from effective and efficient records management
necessary for the essential functions of the service delivery
program aid the educational organizations to plan and make
for the citizens [9], [56].
useful decisions, preserve facts and figures for future
Problems of managing electronic records are common
reference, thereby enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness
among the public-sector including HPEs. Although some
of the organizations and their administration [19], [20].
institutions including universities already have basic ICT
However, without proper planning and implementation,
infrastructure but are still practicing paper-based records
electronic records created through modern Information
management [12]. Although records are a rich source of
Technology (IT) are likely to become inaccessible in the
information, they often receive low priority and are not
future [4].
properly addressed in protecting organizations from risks
[13]. B. The Importance of Electronic Records Management
E-records created and held in systems are vulnerable. System
Unless they are protected by a clearly defined regulatory
ERMS enables easy and efficient search and retrieval of
framework [10], their value as evidence diminishes rapidly
records and provides sophisticated electronic records
from the point that they are created. In particular, unless
management capabilities to ensure that e-records can be
computerized systems are designed to systematically capture
records along with the metadata that describes their context,

805
captured, found, accessed, secured, tracked, shared, and factors that affect the employees' adoption of e-
managed over time. administration services in University.
Electronic records contain information that is a unique Reference [24] conducted a preliminary evaluation
and invaluable resource and important operational asset [22]. regarding measurable benefits of an ERMS in the example
Thus, a systematic approach to the management of the HPE of a public institution in Turkey. The finding showed the
institution’s electronic records is essential for many reasons positive attitude toward the adoption of ERMS.
such as: Ensuring that information in electronic records is To assess records management system of the higher
reliable, available and of high quality; Preserving the records education institutions in Nigeria, a study conducted by [25]
for future evidence in any actions; Supporting the revealed that the project had been plagued by ineffectiveness
institutions to achieve their objectives by encouraging in record management practices, incompetent personnel,
openness, creativity, participation and innovation; inadequate infrastructural facilities, and constant power
Facilitating the creation and dissemination of knowledge and failures. Although findings showed that records management
information assets; Supporting staff, students and contributed to effective administration at the university, and
stakeholders in the management of records, compliance, and consequently to the effective and efficient delivery of
risk; Applying the best ethical standards; Ensuring that the services to the students, lecturers and the community but
institutions conduct themselves in an orderly, efficient and records management at university was not receiving the
accountable manner; Realizing best value through attention it deserved. The study recommended that the
improvements in the quality and flow of information and Records Manager be provided with adequate training to
greater coordination of records and storage systems; ensure that this official would be able to undertake the full
Supporting core institutional functions, teaching and responsibilities of the post.
research, providing evidence of conduct and the appropriate In Pakistan, ERMS implementation has been limited,
maintenance of associated tools, resources, and outputs; even though the ERMS has led to increased efficiency and
Meeting legislative, regulatory, funding and ethical effectiveness of the government, increased transparency and
requirements; Delivering services to staff and stakeholders accountability in decision-making, and enhanced delivery of
in a consistent and equitable manner; Assisting and efficient and cost-effective public services to citizens.
documenting policy formation and managerial decision Furthermore, the case indicates that IT implementation
making; Providing continuity in the event of a disaster; challenges are universal rather than dependent on the nature
Protecting the interests of the organization and the rights of of the country. Lack of adequate training and design of user
employees, clients, students, research participants, and interface are key indicators of the limited success of
present and future stakeholders. implementation of ERMS in the department under
Students’ records are a form of strategic resource for investigation [26].
educational institutions to set strategy, improve performance, In Botswana labor organizations, e-records readiness is
assess, evaluate and protect vital information securely [21]. examined by [27]. The examination was done based on a
mixture of components including the use of ICT, records
C. E-Readiness management practice, the selected tents of existing e-records
A review of the literature provides no consensus on the readiness tools and the integration extent of organizations
definition of e-readiness. On the other hand, there is with national and framework of readiness. Results indicated
consensus in the literature that the tools employed to assess the low adoption rate of e-records.
e-readiness can be divided into two main types: those are the In the developed countries, electronic systems to manage
ones which mainly assess the basic infrastructure or the documents and workflow are very relevant to the public
readiness of a country for business or economic growth; and sector (especially to universities) since nearly 50% of the
those that mainly assess a nation’s ability to benefit from universities plan to use or plan to expand those systems
ICTs [4]. usage. This proportion of the universities is on the right track
E-readiness is the degree of willingness of a country to be to get the hang of working efficiently regarding their
a part of the networked world by evaluating its progress in processes and document management. The other universities
various aspects of ICT adoption. E-records readiness, should catch up with these universities in these areas of
however, refers to the capacity of organizations to have the process improvements and efficiency enhancements [28].
necessary institutional, legal framework and ICT The following sections discuss the factors which have
infrastructure based on systematic records and information been used as criteria for assessing the e-record readiness
management program [49], [58]. among HPE institutions in Yemen.
D. ERMS in Developing Countries
1) IT Infrastructure: Most developing countries are
Dawood et al. [23] explored the electronic management characterized by poor infrastructure [29]. As a result, IT
system adoption in the largest university in Iraq. The infrastructure is expected to be a significant predictor in
participants in this study included employees who have determining the readiness of institutions for the adoption of
experience with computers or any modern technologies. ERMS in such developing countries. As confirmed by
With regard to data collection, the key instrument for previous studies, IT infrastructure is one of the most
gathering data was the questionnaire. The findings showed important factors that play a significant role in the successful
that system quality, service quality, a trust of the implementation of systems [30].
organization, and usefulness were found as significant Reference [31] defined IT infrastructure as the IT
resources that are shared and which consist of a technical

806
physical base of hardware, software, communications commitment displayed by the personnel of records
technologies, data, and core applications and the human management in Nigeria’s private universities. The findings
input of skills, expertise, competencies, commitments, showed significant multiple correlations between socio-
values, norms, and knowledge that in total constitute IT economic factors, and respondents’ organizational
services that are invariably unique to an organization. These commitment, including, for example, the payment of a
IT services made available a basis for the exchange of monthly salary.
communication within an organization and for the purpose In a study by [39] which examined the current practice of
of developing and implementing current and planned electronic health records (EHRs) in Korea, financial support
business applications. was found to be an important factor that either facilitated or
The suitability of IT infrastructure is investigated as a impeded the adoption of EHRs. Korean hospitals had to
basis for the creation of successful systems and their ensure the availability of long-term financing before they
empirical study confirmed the validity and reliability of the could consider adopting and implementing the EHRs.
IT infrastructure services construct for measuring the On the other hand, a study by [40] indicated that
success of systems [32]. organizations have to make a considerable effort by way of
financial resources for the management of the various
2) Top Management Support: Top management support is activities according to a system. It is expensive to implement
defined as the extent to which the top management a successful system as it entails substantial resources and
appreciates the important role of Technology function and numerous costs such as those incurred for initial setup,
the content to which it is involved in the activities [33]. maintenance, and upgrading. Thus, such high costs could
Organizational facilitation or facilitating conditions refers to impede the adoption and implementation of an e-records
the extent to which an employee believes that an management system [41]
organization exists to support the use of the technology [34]. With the increasing dependence on financial support in
Top management support in the organization has either adopting the technology, there is no doubt that a positive and
positive or negative effects on technology adoption [35]. effective support of finance for ERMS aligned with the
Lack of organization support could prevent end-users from organizational objectives remains the essential factor of
using a particular system [36]. Conversely, if management success in the improvement of future efforts in information.
support exists in the organization, technology acceptance Hence, this factor is a good determinant of the adoption
would materialize [37]. readiness of EMS.
Top management support could be in the form of direct or
indirect support. Indirect support is when vendors and 4) Training: On the basis of the previous studies findings,
consultant are hired in efforts to adopt the system in the it is recommended that it is pertinent for the successful
organization, while direct support is reflected in the adoption of ERMS to provide sufficient training to
positioning of the IS staff in the planning and developing principals by way of in-service programs, conferences,
stages [38]. seminars, and workshops to cover the whole range of ERMS
On the other hand, it should be noted that in the majority functions. The training factor is, therefore, crucial to be
of developing countries, a gap exists between what should included in this study as a measure of readiness [42].
be done and what is actually done. Previous studies have Training of staff will help to eliminate any risks that may
recognized the importance of the support in the instructional compromise the implementation and adoption success [43].
use of computers and systems as crucial to the success of For successful adoption of EMRs, there must be proper
facilitating staff development in the universities. Therefore, technical training and support [44], [45]. Moreover,
the current study supports the notion that top management insufficient training results in the probability of
support can positively affect ERM adoption. In the absence implementation failure [46], [50].
of such support, the organization is unlikely to succeed in An organization shows its readiness to adopt and
the development, planning and use of ERMS. Therefore, the implement an ERMS if it has trained personnel and
study tests the effects of top management support on the resources available.
readiness of ERMS adoption.
5) Policy: Past researches have stated that it is vital for
3) Financial Support: In order to successfully administer policy to be included as a factor that influences the adoption
an e-records management system, there must be sufficient of ERMS [11], [47]. A research conducted by [12] indicated
and on-going funds. An e-records management program, that public institutions of higher learning in Libya have no
similar to any system for the management of records, will policy and guidelines for implementing the ERM initiative.
require adequate funding for the long term. Management This has resulted in difficulties when personnel has to handle
must, therefore, make plans for this and ensure allocations and manage e-records. The policy is the main factor that
for the purpose are made to the recurring budget. mediates his relationship between records management (RM)
Financial support including monthly salary is a firm and accountable and efficient governance. According to a
indication that the organization is committed measure as study of [48], organizations should adopt and implement a
evidenced by records management personnel in the private policy for RM for the purpose of creating and managing
universities of developing countries. This is particularly true authentic, reliable, complete and useable records that can
according to the study conducted by [22] in Nigeria. The support business functions for as long as needed.
study examined the socio-economic factors including Thus, the policy factor should be one of the criteria
monthly salary as an indication of the organizational regarding the ERMS adoption.

807
E. Assessment of Electronic Records Management System
Determine the Review the
Readiness Readiness importance of the
While e-readiness may be the degree to which the Criteria/Factors Factors
organization participates in an e-environment, e-records
readiness assesses the degree to which organizations have e-
records management systems that capture, managed and are
in line with the required recordkeeping practices that assures
Thematic Analysis and Experts Interview
the security of the records for informational and evidential results
purposes.
Most assessments tools for e-records readiness focus on
the assessment of physical infrastructure including high- Fig. 1 The steps of the methodology
speed access to ICT in government, with integration and use
of ICT in daily life; the existence of government policies, The study was conducted to investigate the readiness of
legislative and regulatory framework; guarantee of user the HPE institutions in Yemen as a developing country
confidentiality and online security; global access by all where an ERMS needs to be adopted. It was conducted
citizens with freedom of access to all kinds of information through HPE specialists from seven community colleges
[27]. with the intention of creating greater awareness among the
E-records readiness assessments provide benchmarks to HPE community of issues that may facilitate the adoption of
compare and gauge progress in organizations in ERMS in similar settings.
understanding the full implications of e-records management. HPE institutions were selected for the study because they
The readiness assessments help organizations to establish have a good reputation, and also because they were in the
and prioritize e-records and information management needs process of implementing the ERMS. Additionally, the HPE
for the present institutional capabilities, thus illuminating institutions are based on OBE education where e-records are
the potential opportunities and challenges that the electronic the basis of the evaluation process and a huge amount of e-
and information age [51]. records results daily. This presented the opportunity to
As such, e-records readiness assessment frameworks are disseminate knowledge about the ERMS, and also about the
therefore instruments for the evaluation of the e-records on-going implementation process, and issues related to the
readiness of organizations by assigning numerous successful adoption of ERMS.
measurement criteria to address the necessary institutional, Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20
legal and ICT framework, and also the records and different participants, including deans, deputy deans,
information management infrastructure, in an e-environment managers, IT staff, academic lecturers and administrative
[27], [51]. staff. Interviews lasted between 20 and 40 minutes, for an
The adapted definition of ERMS readiness in this paper is average of 30 minutes per interview. Recordings were made
the availability of the mentioned related factors in the HPE of all the interviews with the exception of those with the
institutions that have been found to be important in proper consultants who requested not to be recorded.
adoption. The interviews were carried out using VOIP applications.
F. Methodology Each interview began with a self-introduction by the
interviewer and an explanation of the purpose of the study.
The first part of the paper determines the measurement Confidentiality and privacy of the participant were ensured.
variables for the purpose of assessing the ERMS readiness On receiving the participant’s consent, an interview time
among HPE institutions in The Republic of Yemen. and place was arranged at the convenience of the participant.
Thereafter, interviews are conducted with the respondents Besides the formal interviews, there were also informal
involved in the ERMS within HPE institutions. As shown in conversations when they were possible. These informal
Fig. 1, the methodology of this study consists of four stages: sessions proved to be rather informative as the participants
determining the factors and criteria of the readiness speared to be more relaxed and more forthcoming with their
assessment, reviewing the factors, interviewing the experts responses.
regarding the readiness of the ERMS adoption and Focus was on the issues that either facilitated or hindered the
conducting a thematic analysis to explore the results of the readiness to adopt of ERMS as well as the strategies of the
study. HPEs to ensure the successful adoption and implementation
Taylor [52] identified five types of interviewing for of the system. Commonalities of ideas and opinions of the
qualitative research: survey interviewing, qualitative participants were prioritized.
interviewing, in-depth interviewing, life-story interviewing,
and focus group interviewing. For various reasons, this III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
paper has chosen to use qualitative interviewing, with open-
ended questions that allow the interviewees to freely express This subsection presents the discussion of the findings
their opinions regarding the readiness of ERMS adoption in obtained through a qualitative analysis of the data collected
their institutions. from the series of interviews with the specialists in HPE
institutions. The qualitative data obtained through the
interview were analyzed by using a thematic analysis
approach. The sequence of steps used in this thematic
analysis of the interviews is shown in Table 1.

808
Each interview was translated separately from Arabic to respondents only mentioned that the IT infrastructure needs
English. All the transcripts were read many times to ensure to be upgraded and should be able to easily incorporate
that all the linkage statements were highlighted. Having all software applications and useable across multiple platforms.
analyzed transcripts provided the basis for the final analysis
and writing up in conjunction with the findings obtained B. Top Management Support
from the qualitative analysis. Then, the data were examined All of the respondents who answered the question
on the basis of keywords and linking phrases which form regarding top management support confirmed the vital
codes. Following this, substantive themes were identified impact of the role of cooperation on proper adoption. Top
through each translated interview and data replications were Management Support promotes participation and fast
ignored. Finally, five themes constitute the structure of this adoption. In other words, all the HPE institutions in Yemen
section concerning the research aim which is assessing the have a positive attitude from the top management to support
readiness for ERMS among HPE institutions. These are IT ERMS adoption.
infrastructure, top management support, financial support,
training, and policy. C. The Financial Report
According to the information gathered from the
TABLE I interviews, financial support is important for ERMS
CRITERIA FOR GOOD THEMATIC ANALYSIS, (SOURCE: [53]) adoption but it is lacking among the HPE institutions. There
Transcription 1 The data are transcribed to a suitable is a lack of incentive payments and the financial resources to
level of detail, and the transcripts are secure infrastructure and equipment, technical assistance
checked against the original audio cost and maintenance. Therefore, HPE institutions should
recording for accuracy have sufficient resources and support for the financial
Coding 2 Each item of the data is given equal requirements to adopt ERMS. Having a positive toward
attention in the coding process. ERMS adoption is good but without the necessary financial
3 Themes are not generated from a few resources and support, the adoption of ERMD cannot be a
vivid examples (an anecdotal reality.
approach), but rather the coding process
is thorough, inclusive and D. Training
comprehensive
4 Relevant extracts for all themes are In answering the question on training, all the interviewees
collated agreed that with few or non-existent trained and qualified
personnel in ERMS, and the low regard for e-records work,
5 Themes are checked against each other
and back to the original data set the need to have an efficient e-records system and its very
6 Themes are internally coherent, concept are given low priority and often do not feature in the
consistent, and distinctive organization's strategic planning. Therefore, HPE institutions
Analysis 7 Data are analyzed – interpreted, made must ensure proper training for all involved staff and must
sense of - rather than just paraphrased be prepared to invest both time and money to embrace new
or described technologies for greater organizational efficiency and to be
8 Analysis and data match each other – more competitive.
the extracts support the analytic claims.
9 The analysis reveals a convincing and E. Policy
well-organized story about the data and Some institutions of HPE have the policy which stipulates
topic. clearly that it covers the whole system functions. The
10 A good balance between analytic
majority of the respondents indicated that policy is either
narrative and illustrative extracts is
presented available but not implemented or unavailable. In addition, all
Overall 11 Sufficient time is provided for the the interviewees confirmed the importance of policy in the
completion of all phases of the analysis adoption of ERMS.
adequately; no phase is rushed or The data gathered from all respondents concern ERMS as
merely glossed over. one of the significant tools in empowering HPE institutions
Written 12 The assumptions about, and specific to carry out their mandate effectively because of the
Reports approach to thematic analysis are following: ERMS ensure systematic and efficient flow of
clearly explained. information that enables college officials to successfully
13 The consistency of language and and efficiently perform their functions; Institutional
concepts used in the report, with the memory enhances the way things are done; Records form the
epistemological position of the basis for the formulation of policies, future plans and
analysis. making informed decisions; Consultation, with records
14 The researcher is active in the research available, is crucial in good service delivery; An
process; themes do not just emerge. organization cannot function well without records. Having
up-to-date and accurate information is a prerequisite for
A. IT Infrastructure good service delivery.
The majority of the respondents indicated that IT
Infrastructure provides a high degree of interconnectivity
and is sufficiently flexible to incorporate ERMS. Five

809
F. Electronic Records Managements System Readiness In conclusion, the results of this study have established
Framework that institutions of higher education must be involved in the
The discussed empirical findings involve that in order to development of strategies and formulate guidelines for
uphold effective ERMS readiness in HPE organizations; it is employees' acceptance and consider the inclusion of all
recommended that there is a need for ERMS adoption and critical success factors for the sustainable adoption of ERMS.
use; offering top management support, IT infrastructure, The findings of this study can offer an insight into some of
financial support, training, and policy. the important factors that should be taken into account for
In this regard, this article, based on literature and the proper adoption of such a system in higher education.
empirical research on HPE organizations in Yemen,
provides a contextual framework for examining ERMS ACKNOWLEDGMENT
readiness in HPE organizations in Yemen. As depicted in The author would like to thank Faculty of Information
Fig. 2. Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
by giving the author an opportunity to conduct this research.
IT-Infrastructure:
ThThe author would like to thank Faculty of Information
Top Management
Sufficient and Support Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
provides a high degree Interested in ERMS by giving the author an opportunity to conduct this research.
of interconnectivity. functions and This research is funded by Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
support it. under the GUP-2014-007 research grant scheme is research
is funded by Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia under the
GUP-2014-007 research grant scheme.

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