Unit 3: Skeletal System

Chapter 6.
NOTES: Human Skeletal System Part 2
Human Skeleton
Ø ____________________ in the adult human body
Ø Divided into 2 parts:
Ø Skull
o _______________ Vertebral column
Rib cage

Bones of arms
and legs
o ________________________
Bones of shoulder
Pelvis
The Axial Skeleton
Ø Divided into three parts
o ____________________________
o ____________________________
o _________________ (bony thorax)
The Skull
Ø Two sets of bones
o _______________________________
o _______________________________
Ø Skull bones are _____________________
Ø Only the mandible is attached by a freely
movable joint

Bones of the Cranium (Skull)

Ø ___________________________________
Ø Bones are attached by immovable joints
called sutures
Ø Made up of 8 flat bones
o 1 ___________________ bone
o 2 ___________________ bones
o 1 ___________________ bone
o 2 ___________________ bones
o 1 sphenoid bone
o 1 ethmoind bone
Ø _______________________________ –
opening in the occipital bone
l Inferior View of Skull o Area where spinal cord joins the brain

The Fetal Skull

Ø ____________________________ – fibrous membranes connecting the cranial bones
o Allow the brain to grow
o ___________________________ within ________________________ after birth
Facial Bones
Ø ____________________________
o 2 bones that form the ___________
Ø ____________________________
o ________________________
o Only movable bone of the skull
o Contains tooth sockets for 16 teeth
Ø __________________
o Forms bridge of the nose
Ø Zygomatic bone
o 2 cheek bones

The Vertebral Column

Ø Vertebrae ____________________________________ discs
(pads of fibrocartilage)
Ø The spine has _________________________________
________________________
Ø Each vertebrae is given a name according to its location
o C = Cervical (C1-C7)
o T = Thoracic (T1-T12
o L = Lumbar (L1-L5)
Ø Function: ____________________________________
____________________________________________

The Rib Cage (Bony Thorax)

Ø ___________________________________________________________________________
Ø Made-up of three parts:
o 1) _____________________ -12 ribs connected to the vertebrae
§ __________________:
• Ribs that ___________________ to the ________________
§ __________________:
• Ribs that ___________________ by a common _______________
§ __________________:
• Ribs that ___________________ to
the ________________
o 2) _________________________
§ Flat, blade-shaped bone
§ Composed of 3 bones: manubrium, body,
______________________
§ Xiphoid process
• ___________ and smallest portion of
sternum
• Attachment site for diaphragm
o 3) _________________________
§ 12 thoracic vertebrae
The Appendicular Skeleton
Ø _________________________________
Ø ______________________ (appendages)
Ø _________________________________

The Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle

Ø These bones allow the upper limbs to have _______________
___________________________________________
Ø Composed of 4 bones
o 2 ______________________ – collarbone
§ Slender and s-shaped
§ Stabilizes shoulder but structurally weak (breaks easily)
o 2 ______________________ – shoulder blade
§ Triangular shape

Bones of the Upper Limb

Ø Humerus (upper arm)
Ø Radius and ulna (forearm)
Ø Carpals, metacarpals, phalanges (hand)
Ø The upper __________ is formed by a single bone
o ___________________
Ø The ________________ has two bones
o _________________
o _________________
Ø The hand
o _________________ – wrist
o _________________ – palm
o _________________ – fingers

Bones of the Pelvic Girdle

Ø _______________________________
Ø Composed of:
o 2 ________________ bones (hipbones)
o ____________________
o ____________________
Ø The total weight of the upper body rests on the
pelvis
Ø __________________________________
o Reproductive organs
o Urinary bladder
o Part of the large intestine
Ø Coxal bone:
o _______________: largest part of coxal bone
§ __________________: top of the ilium
o _______________: most inferior part of the coxal bone
o _______________: anterior part of coxal bone
§ __________________________: where the 2 ______________________________
Gender Differences of the Pelvis
Ø Male:
o Not as wide or broad
o Pelvic cavity is __________________
o Bones are ________________ & larger
o Pubic arch is more ________________
Ø Female:
o _____________ pelvis & broader hips
o Pelvic cavity is shallow
o Bones are _______________________
o Pubic arch is ____________________

Bones of the Lower Limb

Ø Femur (thigh)
Ø Patella (kneecap)
Ø Tibia & Fibula (leg)
Ø Tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges (foot)

Ø _______________________
o _________________________
o Strongest and longest bone in the body
Ø _______________________
o Triangular bone that protects the knee joint
Ø _______________________
o ___________________
o ________________ (towards the middle) to the fibula
o Thicker – bears weight of femur
Ø ______________________
o ___________________ (away from midline) to the
tibia
o Stabilize ankle
Ø ______________________
o Ankle
o Suports weight of body
Ø ______________________
o Sole or instep
Ø ______________________
o Toes

Learning Goals:
1. Explain how the human skeleton is divided.
2. Summarize the parts of the Axial Skeleton.
3. Summarize the parts of the Appendicular Skeleton.
4. Describe the function of the skull and vertebrae. What is different about the fetal skull?