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Group3 - Number Systems

Number systems define how numbers can be represented using distinct symbols. Positional number systems represent numbers based on the place value of each symbol, while non-positional systems assign fixed values to each symbol. Common positional systems include decimal with base 10, binary with base 2, hexadecimal with base 16, and octal with base 8. Numbers can be converted between these systems by determining the place value of each digit.

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50 views

Group3 - Number Systems

Number systems define how numbers can be represented using distinct symbols. Positional number systems represent numbers based on the place value of each symbol, while non-positional systems assign fixed values to each symbol. Common positional systems include decimal with base 10, binary with base 2, hexadecimal with base 16, and octal with base 8. Numbers can be converted between these systems by determining the place value of each digit.

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Tiến Hoàng
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Number

systems
Group 3
CONTENT
1. Understand the concept of number systems.
2. Distinguish between non-positional and positional number systems.
3. Describe the decimal, binary, hexadecimal, and octal system.
4. Convert a number in binary, octal, or hexadecimal to a number in the
decimal system.
5. Convert a number in the decimal system to a number in binary, octal,
and hexadecimal.
6. Convert a number in binary to octal and vice versa.
7. Convert a number in binary to hexadecimal and vice versa.
8. Find the number of digits needed in each system to represent a particular
value.
1.The concept of number
systems
A number system defines how a number can
be represented using distinct symbols
A number can be represented differently in
different systems

Ex: The two numbers (2A)16 and (52)8 both


refer to the same quantity, (42)10, but their
representations are different
1.The concept of number
systems
Number systems can be categorized into two
groups:
Positional number systems
Non-positional number systems
2.1 NON-POSTIONAL NUMBER
SYSTEMS
A non-positional number system uses a limited
number of symbols in which each symbol has a value.

The position a symbol occupies in the number


normally bears no relation to its value—the value of
each symbol is fixed
2.1 NON-POSTIONAL NUMBER
SYSTEMS
In this system, a number is represented as:

and has the value of:

To find the value of a number, we add the value of all


symbols present in the representation.
Roman numerals are a good example of a
non-positional number system. This number
system has a set of symbols
S = {I, V, X, L, C, D, M}.
To find the value of a number, we need to
specific rules:

Ex :
II 1+1 = 2
VI 5+1 = 6

Ex :
IV 5-1 = 4
To find the value of a number, we need to
specific rules:
2.2 POSTIONAL NUMBER
SYSTEMS
In a positional number system, the position a
symbol occupies in the number determines the
value it represents.
2.2 POSTIONAL NUMBER
SYSTEMS
In this system, a number represented as

has a value of:


The decimal system (base 10)

The word decimal is derived from the Latin root decem (ten). In
this system the base b = 10 and we use ten symbols

The symbols in this system are often referred to as decimal


digits or just digits.
The binary system (base 2)
The word binary is derived from the Latin root bini (or two by two)

In this system the base b = 2 and we use only two symbols, S = {0, 1}.

The symbols in this system are often referred to as binary digits


or bits (binary digit).
The hexadecimal
system (base 16)
The word hexadecimal is derived from the Greek root hex (six)
and the Latin root decem (ten). In this system the base b = 16 and
we use sixteen symbols to represent a number.

The set of symbols is S =


(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F)
THE OCTAL SYSTEM (BASE 8)
The word octal is derived from the Latin root
octo (eight). In this system the base b = 8 and we
use eight symbols to represent a number.

The set of symbols is: S=(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7)


Convert a number in binary
to a number in the decimal
system.
Example: 10101000

1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0

2^7 2^6 2^5 2^4 2^3 2^2 2^1 2^0

N= 2^0x0+2^1x0+2^2x0+2^3x1+2^4x0+2^5x1=2^6x0+2^7x1=168
Convert a number in hexadecimal to a
number in the decimal system.
Place values for an integer in the hexadecimal system
Example 2AE(16) in hexadecimal

The equivalent decimal number is N = 512 + 160 + 14 = 686.


Convert a number in to a number in the decimal system.

Place values for an integer in the octal system


example:(1256)8 in octal

Note that the decimal number is N = 512 + 128 + 40 + 6 = 686.


Converting the integral part in decimal to
other bases
Converting other bases to decimal (integral
part)
Converting the integral part in decimal to
other bases
DECIMA TO BINARY
The following shows how to convert 78 in decimal to binary.
We start with the number in decimal, we move to the left
while continuously finding the quotients and the remainder
of division by 2. The result is 78 = (1001110)2
DECIMA TO OCTAL
The following shows how to convert 670 in decimal to its
equivalent in the octal system. We move to the right while
continuously finding the quotients and the remainder of
division by 8. The result is 670 = (1236)8
DECIMAL TO HEXADECIMAL
The following shows how we convert 932 in decimal to its
equivalent in the hexadecimal system. We move to the right
while continuously finding the quotients and the remainder
of division by 16. The result is 932 = (39B)16

10 A
11 B
12 C
13 D
14 E
15 F
30 10 2
30 11110
10 2
4510
16
4510 2D
16
45010
8
45010 720
8
Example
Convert the decimal number 0.625 to
binary.

Since the number 0.625 = (0.101)2 has no


integral part, the example shows how the
fractional part is calculated.
Example
The following shows how to convert (0.634)10
to octal using a maximum of four digits. The
result is 0.634 = (0.5044)8. Note that we
multiple by 8 (base octal).
Example
The following shows how to convert 178.6 in decimal
to hexadecimal using only one digit to the right of
the decimal point. The result is 178.6 = (B2.9)16
Note that we divide or multiple by 16 (base
hexadecimal).
Example
An alternative method for converting a small
decimal integer (usually less than 256) to binary is
to break the number as the sum of numbers that
are equivalent to the binary place values shows:
Example
A similar method can be used to convert a decimal fraction
to binary when the denominator is a power of two:

The answer is then (0.011011)2


Converting fractional part in decimal to
other bases
Binary-octal conversion
Binary to octal and octal to binary conversion
EXAMPLE
Show the octal equivalent of the binary
number (101110010)2.
Solution
Each group of three bits is translated into one
octal digit

101 110 010

The result is (562)8


EXAMPLE
What is the binary equivalent of for
(24)8?
Solution
Write each octal digit as its equivalent bit
pattern to get

2 → 010 and 4 → 100

The result is (010100)2.


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Binary-hexadecimal conversion
ExShowamplthee hexadecimal equivalent of the binary number
(1011 0111)2 and (10 1110 1010)2
1011 0111 10 1110 1010
Solution Solution
Each hexadecimal digit is converted to 4-bit patterns: Let's break it up into groups of 4 now notice that we
don't have four numbers here so we can add two
zeros so the first group :

1011 11 B 4
0010
1110 14 E
0111 7
1010 10 A
Summary
❑❑ A number system (or numeral system) is a system that uses distinct symbols to represent a number

❑❑ We can convert a number in any system to decimal

❑❑ In the decimal system, the base b =10 and we use ten symbols to represent numbers. The symbols
in this system are often referred to as decimal digits or just digits. In the binary system, the base b=2
and we use only two symbols to represent numbers. The symbols in this system are often referred to as
binary digits or bits. In a hexadecimal system, the base = 16 and we use 16 symbols to represent
numbers. The symbols in this system are often referred to as hexadecimal digits. In an octal system,
the base b = 8 and we use eight symbols to represent numbers. The symbols in this system are often
referred to as octal digits.

❑❑ We can convert a number in any system to decimal

❑❑ Conversion from the binary system to the octal system and from the octal system to the binary system

❑❑ Conversion from the binary system to the hexadecimal system and from the hexadecimal
Thank you!
Have good day everyone

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