CHAPTER 8: DIFFERENTIAL Cares a. _~ ee ULUS 1 Evaluate lim x? + 3x + 1. Pay A.A B.-11 1 2. Evaluate lim e A. undefined B.1 _ 3. Evaluate lim 5. A.0 B. +00 2 4, Evaluate lim *—*, baer) A. indeterminate B.O 5. Evaluate Jim, A. +00 B.2/3 1 6. Evaluate lim —S** ay A.no limit B. indeterminate 7. Evaluate lim AO B.2 8. Evaluate 2, A.2x B.2x-5 9. Evaluate dx’ Aa 3, c.12 D.13 Co C. undefined D.18 2x’ Seton Co D. indeterminate co D.1/2 C. indeterminate D. no limit go * C3 D.-3 ——————— EE” 268 MEGAREVIEW AND TUTORIAL CENTERES INEERIN( 1G MATHE: MA’ e TICS REV, a 8 23 + 1, find the value of x fo, 1/3 . G-1/3 t Which Ga . 9 rind the rate of change of area of the cirg) dis whe the radius is 3 feet, le with respect to its or B.3/27 Bre D. teYy = &- Dx 3 , Evalual ea = (2x? +3), gt 4x3 acini gt tat bee! 3 ad 3, Evaluate 2 y = 2x? + 3x3, 2 a ae +E i ce ; pt arte § ee Date gy 2-3 4, Evaluate SY = gears, G-2 +3 D.-2+3 5, Find y= GHG) aex= 1. 35 B.6 635° Do area of the circle when the rate of change of the area feet per foot. B. 40 C. 16m D. 320 3x? at pt. (2,4). D.-2 7. Find the slope of the curve y = 8x — 4 B.-4 C2 slope of the curve y = 4x +x?? c.(2,12) D. (0.0) 8, At what point is 2 theMATE ersection BeDWEEN the Curyey cIviLEN le of i pind thearBe txt neal? p.18.43° 7197" 2 : =x? —3x- aewwkatpoineor me parabolay XS isthe tang, pees! nt parallel to 3% y €.(-3,-5) lg A BI D.(-3,5) 3.3." 22. At what point of the curve y = x‘ is the normal line Paral all - 6 axty=3? ¢. (1/3, 1/81) , 1/16) - SO / D. (-1/2, 1/16) 23, Find the point where the normal to y = x + VX at (4.6) er 3. 6) cross, the y-axis. ; A.(042) €. (0,5.2) B.(0,7.8) D. (0,9.2) ve y = x? + x, at what point does the normal lin, (0,0) intersect the tangent line at (1,2). leat A. (1/4,1/4) C. (-1/4,-1/4) B,(-1/4,1/4) D.(1/4,-1/4) 24, For the cul 3 — 6x? + 8x at (3, -3) intersects the curve 25. The tangent to y atanother point. Find this point. C.(-1/2, -45/8) A.(0,0) B.(1,3) D. (-1,-15) 26. Find the point of inflection of the curve y = 5 ~ 2x ~ 3x? -x* A(L-1) C.(-1,5) B. (2, 19) D. (-3/2, 37/8) 27, wy ‘ Find 2, x? — ay? = 4, .x/4y B.-x/4y ei ie . -4x/y 28. Find 2, Find 3 x8 + y8 = aety2, A Saat aay? 4x? * By2maxty xy2—4x3 270 NEG: vray ‘AREVIEW AND TUTORIAL CENTERrind the equation of the of by + 8 = Oat (0,4), c =-x44 Dy=-2x44 he curve y 4 pp C.3x4 5y 4a g D.Sx+3y 4429 angle of intersection of y= 2x; x5 + y5 = 33 C.3.58° D. 45° the curve: 2, Find the angle of intersection of the curve; xy + y= Ly? = (x4 1)2 nase C.33.69° p113!° D.78.69° 33, Find the point of the ellipse x? — 2xy 4 4y2 y-axis where the abscissa x has its greatest value. A(1,4) C. (2,1) B.(1,2) D. (4,1) = 12 at the right of 34, Find the points of inflection of x2 + yi A.(1,1) C. (1,-1) B.(-1,-1) D.(-1,1) = 2at the first quadrant. 35. Find the slope of the curve with parametric equation when u = 2: x= 2u3 — 3u2;y = u3 — 3u C. undefined D.1/3 Al B.3/4 FE Find the radius of curvature of the curve y = x*— x2 at point (0,0), A1/4 C.1/3 B.3/4 / D.1/2 MEGAREVIEW AND TUTORIAL CENTER = 271he radius of curvature of the curve y | ao. _ C15 wer te A. 1414 D. 1.933 0), B, 0.354 37. Find rina the rads oferrvature ofthe curve x 4 4 38, Find thera . (2,2). 2S a.1.414 D. 1.933 B, 0.3554 if the radius of the circle increases at the rate oI < the rate of change of the area when the radii Meh, is 3iy, ch ley, 39. second, fin ninco in?/s C. 0.376 in2/s B.0.440 in2/s D. 0.335 in?/s 40. A point moves on the parabola y =x? so that — increases at the rate of 3 feet per second. At what rate is the os increasing when x = 2? inate ‘A. 10 ft/s C.15 ft/s B. 12 ft/s D. 8 ft/s 41. One lega right triangle is always 6 feet long and th increasing at the rate of 2 feet per second. Find the rat the hypotenuse when it is 10 feet long? A. 1.6 ft/s C.3.2 ft/s B. 1.2 ft/s D. 2.5 ft/s ¢ other legis © of change g 42. A light hangs 15 feet directly above a straight walk on whicha man 6 feet tall is walking. How fast is the end of the man's shadow traveling when he is walking away from the light at the rate of 3 miles per hour? A.2.5 mph C.2.75 mph B.5 mph D. 1.5 mph 43. The base diameter and altitude of a right circular cone at observed at a certain instant to be 10 and 20 inches, respective. f the lateral area is constant and the base diameter is increasing atte ‘ate of 1 inch per minute, find the rate at which the altitude decreasing. A. 2.25 in/min C.5 in/min B.7.5 in/min D. 4.32 in/min 272 MEGAREVIEW AND TUTORIAL CENTER— —_W ROOK NB respectively, At wh, it ich other When the time has hands Land 1-3/5 inches ids of the hands approaching ea 20 m long stands on a horizontal floor and leans against der 2 wt Fi all ir the top of the ladder slides at the rate of %4 m avertol each the angle between the ladder and the ee fine a hen the foot of the ladder is 12 m from the wall, ae cnn €.0.2 rad/s : . wey D. 04 rad/s conical glass whose radius is m and altitude 12 m is being eee ate of 10 cm/sec. How fasts the surface rising when fill Aller id is 6m deep? a liquis reas m/s C.2.12 m/s 0st m/s D. 0.13 m/s 7 t= 47. 8 Freon! find the slope of the curve at 8 = 5. AL155 C.-1.155 B.0.866 D. -0.866 4g. Find the angle between the radius vector and tangent line at the point indicated r = asec 28,6 = : A,26.57° C. 27.66° B.31.24° D.19.55° 49, Find the angle of intersection between the curve: r= 6cos 0;r = 2(1 + cos 8) 30° C.60° B.45° D. 22.5° SU. Find the radius of curvature of the curve r = 4 + 3sin@, at @ = 0. F 3.68 G5 oe D.0.272 Sh Fi ; 2 = a Find the radius of curvature of the curve l = Tycos6" 7 L414 . 2,828 P5657 5 721 DTOTORIAL CENTER 7” MEGAREVIEW ANIponent of the velocity at g x st feet “ rind the radial com oe C.4 ft/s eS areas RVs D.17.39 R/s g3,_ Find the transverse component of the velocity at g _ » AC C.4 ft/s or A.B ft/s B. 16.93 ft/s D. 17.39 ft/s 4, Find the velocity of the cya o=% AB ft/s 4 ft/s B. 16.93 ft/s D. 17.39 ft/s gs, Find the radial component of the acceleration at @ = A.-47.61 ft/s? C. 16 ft/s? ¢ D.-16 ft/s? B. 50.32 ft/s? 56, Find the transverse component of the acceleration at A.-47.61 ft/s? C. 16 ft/s? B, 50.32 ft/s? D. -16 ft/s? 57. Find the acceleration of the particle when 6 = es A.-47.61 ft/s? C. 16 ft/s? D. -16 ft/s? B. 50.32 ft/s? 58. Find two positive numbers whose product is 64, and whose sum isa minimum, A,8and8 C.4and 16 B,-8 and -8 D.-4 and -16 59. Aclosed box, whose length is twice its width, is to have asurfac ime i of 192 sq, in. Find the dimensions of the box when the volut maximum, C.3 in x 6 in x 8.67 in A.4inx 8in x 5.33 in B.5inx 10 in x 3.07 in D.2.5inx 5 inx 11.13 in ee eee 4 MEGAREVIEW AND TUTORIAL CENTER», TWO Te are on the lines y = 4x and ere possible area of the rectangle? wei C.4/5 D.2/3 sviangular corner lot has perpendicular si A 160 feet: Find the dimensions of the ta feet an that can be constructed on a lot with si © of lengths 129 Teest rectangular ides parallel to the C. 1700 fz D. 4800 ft2 find the area of the largest rectangle with sides Parallel to th. nate axes which can be inscribed in the area bounded by s polas y = 26x? andy =x? +2, . C. 64 sq. units D. 72 sq. units coordi two para 4.32 sq. units .168q- units 4, a concrete culvert has a cross-section consisting ofa rectangle sammounted by a semicircle whose diameter is equal to the base of the rectangle. For a given perimeter, find the ratioof the height of the rectangle to its base if the area is a maximum, c.1/4 D.4 64, ‘The area of a sector of a circle is 64 sq. cm. Find its radius if the perimeter is a maximum. A8on 10cm Bom D.Scm 65, Apiece of wire of length 2m + 8 cm is cut into two pieces. One piece is formed into a square and the other into a circle. Find the length of the circular wire so that the sum of the areas of the square and circle is a minimum. Alon C.2cm B3cm D.4cm 6. Find the shortest distance from the point (3, 0) to the parabola A ba C.2.828 D. 1.732 (SS ree MEGAREVIEW ANDe volume of tl L ENGINEERS ‘i om he largest right circular N cone wp 036 67. Find th side is 10 on C. 187.33 cm3 My ‘4,403.07 om" D. 236.887 cm3 7 509.667 cm? f the right circular con sana the volume Le of gr 68. ioe bed ed about a sphere of radius 16 vo) wich a C. 13089.97 cms cm, Nh : 268 cm? D.8377.58 cm3 voll ircumscrib' ates e of the right circular cone of lum: g, Find the vo 0 ; a ea can be inscribed ina sphere of radius 6 cm. ‘atest Vol a 201.06 cm? C. 268.08 cm3 5 B.536.17 cms D. 241.27 cm3 m. in area is to be fenced on all four the least amount of fencing. If the fen, what is the total cost? c.P7500 A.P2500 B P5000 D. P3750 70, Alot 625 $4 dimensions require 50.00 per linear meter, Sides, CE Costs» 71, Aright circular cylinder having a volume of 1200 cu, cmis lined with gold foil costing P 1.00 per sq. cm. on its curved ana with silver foil costing P 0.60 per sq. cm. at the top and bottom, and its height for minimum cost. . Find, A.8.193 cm B, 10.122. cm C. 6.827 cm D. 4.556 cm 72, A gasoline station selling x gallons of fuel per cost of P 2500 and variable costs of 0.90x. Theidenad Ancien 1.50 — 0.00002x and the station's capacity allows no more than 20,000 gallons to be sold per month. Find the maximum profit. A.P 15000 c.P 10000 B. P5000 D.P 2000 Senet ei 76 MEGAREVIE 'W AND TUTORIAL CENTERa «ol yTions gvaluate lim x? + 3x41, fo) 2x7 +341 ¢(2) = 2? +3(2) +1 \ ¢(2) = 11 \ \ ae \ evaluate lim > assigning a very small number close to zero, . . » coul - £00001. Itis very important to check the lie be -0.00001 or poth left and right of the limit. near the limit for = -100000 = -a 278x ~ Fo;00001 ~ *100000 = +e Itshows that when x came from left of zero the function approaches negative infinity; and if x came from right of zero the function approached positive infinity; the function approaches different values. Therefore, the limit does not exist. 3. Evaluate lim +. xoxleft of 2er0 Wx came from 4 ae Fa tof 2erO! Ifx came from righ! ‘ auto Fc Hence, : : ae Wy 2 te 4, Evaluate Ling =9 * y?-81_ 9-81 mie ingao 9-9 letermii es ae ‘inate But: a-9ee® =limx+9=1 yy SEE? o tig 9 = 18 Alternative solution: Try x= 8.999 Go to MODE 1 and type: Press CALC: x?x = 8.999 The answer will be 17.999. Try x= 9.001 ‘Again, press CALC: x?x = 9.001 ‘The answer will be 18.001. Since both limits approaches 18, therefore, 5. Evaluate lim ——2%* _ 500 3x 4S PRT 2x* oe X00 3x’ 3 7 MEGAREVIEW AND TOT a4OOK » numerator and de nur nd denominator by the tey ith sas rm with hy ighest g the 2x" jim gy x9 — yim _ ee lim, Fxi-x?-x-1 3+0-0- ‘ ax* 2 P= ee reste) ee 3 jrernative solution: yo MODE 1 and tYPe: 2x4 3x4 +x3-x ss CALC: x2x = 1000000 ~ x is a very large value + will be 0.6666*2/3. ithen pre he answe' uate lim *. Evaluate lima Note: In performing calculation involving trigonometric functions, the angle should be in radian mode. : Goto MODE 1 and type: CALC: x?x = 0,001 0.4999 = 0.5 CALC: x?x = -0.001 = 0.4999 = 0.5 Same value, hence:cri. ENG! gvaluate LIN sinGy 7 Goto MODE } and type: CALC: wy yax?— g, Evaluate gy ¥=* 5x. 9, Evaluate oy dx’ 10, ff) = 3x? — 2x +4, find the value of x for which f(x) = 0 f(x) = 3x2 — 2x41 f(x) = 6x-2 f'(x) =0 6x-2=0;x= 4/3 11. Find the r cate of change : Oe ee i area of the circle with respect (0! A=ar dA enam dA = = 2n(3) dA gp 7 Ont? /ft 20 MEGAREM TEW AND TUTORIAL CENTERome NG af MATUMA TCG yy pvatuate SVX 1) 4) YW Non ye = DOAK + 4) d yim Oem Dae (an? 1A) (an? 4 9) 4 yin OC DAN) + xt 4 4) ff yl AK? = AK OKF py yon Oxt AKA Oom ty ' AXE 3 vy yy, valle iy ha ym 2x2 + 3x yl 2 D3 1 1 VRE IT Wy y go ox)C2n41) evaluate Sy, ¥ Rt (2= (2x +1) x —2x? + 3x+2 x 15, Find #, y= GED ot y= 1, Use MODE 1 and type: 2 (Oa dx. xeL 1G Find the area of the circle when the rate of change of the area with respect to a diameter is 4m square feet per foot. ="p TIEWAND TUTORIAL CENTER = 281 MEGAREENGINEERING MATHEMAS—————~-800k civil, ENGINE! “OK dam oy ap 42? vA, dp 2 dA oe 4 ap” *™ 4n==D wg D=8ft Hence, 1 =D? Aas Tt , = —(8)? 78) A = 16m square feet 17, Find the slope of the curve y = 8x — 3x? at pt, (2,4, = 8x — 3x? at (2,4) x=—1 y = 4(-1) + (-1)? y=-3 Hence, the point is (-1, -3). 19, Find the equation of the tangent line y = x(2 ~ x)? at pt (11). Solve first for the slope of the tangent line: 242 MEGAREVIEW AND TUTORIAL CENTERsope Land pe: fo! d ue — — x)? 5 2 =) Dyer = <1 e equation of the lin “1, potat (1/4 J 1): wang fr . y-1=(-D&-D y-l=-x+1 x+y-2=0 the angle of intersection b etween the curves 4p, Find ic yax?+ yex¢xt y =x? +1 equation 1 y=x+x"" > equation 2 solving for the point of intersection: x?+1=x+x7 txaxt1 x3 x? +X— Solve using MODE 5-4: Solving for the value of y: Therefore. 7 crefore, the point of intersection is (1, 2)- AND TUTORIAL CENTER MEGAREVIEWMATHES————_“IEW 500k NEERING f tangent line of equati, g for the slope > A ‘quation 1, solving y’ = 2x a: 2(1) 2 CIVILENG! solving for the slope of tangent line of equation 2, s : : ta Referring to the figure: @ = arctan(2 — 0) = 63.435° 21, Atwhat point of the parabola y = x? — 3x—5 isthe parallel to 3x —y = 3? aM BenRlng Solving for the slope of the line 3x — y y=3x— m=3 Solving for the derivative: y=x?—3x-5 y'=2x-3 Since the tangent line is parallel to y = 3x — 3, whose slope is 3, hence, y’ = 3. Solving for x: 3=2x-3 x=3 Now, solving for y: y=x?-3x-5 y =3?-3(3)-5 ve 5 Wee ee MEGAREVIEW AND TUTORIAL CENTERwhat point of the curve y = x4 is the nop) ek ; 5 the noy Py eS, Fmal line paraties ¢, ost ~ forthe slope of the line 2x + y = y) solvi sence the slope of normal line parallel tothe line 2x-+y = 3is-2 seve forthe slope of tangent lin, take the negative reciprocal of the slope of the normal line: yaxt a dia ‘Therefore, the point is (,22). 23. Find the point where the normal to y = x+ Vx at (4,6) crosses the y-axis. MEGAREVIEW AND TUTORIAL CENTER = (285 \INEERINS —— : comes Jope of tangent line: r the SI solve first for the y=x+ vxat (4,6) y'=1+>—= /_5 yr" 4 4 Slope of normal line, Mp = Solve for the equation of the normal line: m = — £ pt (4,6) y=mx+b 4 6=- 74) +b _ 46 ars ‘The point where a line crosses the y-axis is its y-intercept, therefore the point is (0, #) or (0,9.2). 24, For the curve y = x? + x, at what point does the normal line at (0,0) intersect the tangent line at (1,2). Wee ‘86 MEGAREVIEW AND TT -: CIVIL ENGINEERING Marin SO MATIOMATICy or the equation Of @ HOFMAL Line thro, RW he "1 mom for the slope of the tangent line: RH pt. (0, 9) Yenigy y= 2x44 y= 200) 44 y=1 she slope ofthe normal line through (0,9), 4 ngnow for the equation of a line throu, * m= ~1,pt.(0,0) Y= —X-~+ equation 1 Bh (0, 0) oiving for the equation of the tangent line through (1,2); ya tx 2x41 20) +1 y'=3 slving now for the equation of the line: m = 3,pt.(1,2) y-2=3«-1) Y= 3x—1~ equation 2 Getting the intersection: ‘Therefore, the point is MEGAREVIEW AND TUTORIAL CENTER 2876x? + 8x at (3, -3) ing, ers, x tangenttoY = Pre, point Eid point. civil. 25. at anoth le % yy st for the equation of the tangent line at (3, -3); t line, we have: . solve fi pe of tangen' yee 6x? + 8x solving the slo} solving now the equation of tangent line: m = —1,pt 3,-3) yt+3 -(«-3) aa ction: yer y = x3 — 6x? + Bx —x = x? — 6x? + 8x x3 — 6x2 + 9x =0 Solving for the point of interse Go to MODE 5-4: {1 -6 9 0] 3 xX, = O,¥1 = 0;%X2 = 3,2 = Therefore, the other point is (0,0). MEGAREVIEW AND TUTORIAL CENTER 288S Goint' —— | HEF he point of inflection find p of the curve y = 2 Hoo, | point oy ieee +x, rte P 25 saving as : imnerefOres the point is (-1, 5). —4y? = 4. ay a7. Find gy d al —4y? = 1) 2x — 4yy’ = 2x Ya a “ay ag, Find, xt + y? = 2x?y?, Su +y? = 2xy?] hs + By2y! = 2[x?(2yy’) + y7(2)] 4x3 + 3y2y! = 4x7yy’ + 4xy? 3y2y! — 4x2yy! = 4xy? — 4x3 y' (By? — 4xy) = 4xy? — 4x3 Axy? — 4x3 aay By? —4xty y= SS __—Enee MEGAREVIEW AND TUTORIAL CENTERcAvIL ENGINEERING MAT jon of the of the tangent ling to the « Find the equal 14 B= 0.at (0° 29, eye + 2 — ax - by y d 4 ye 4 y?—2x— 6y + 8 = 0] at (0,4) ix 2x + 2yy’ — 2 6y’ 2(0) + 2(4)y' ~ 2 - 6y" 2y' ¥ Solving for the equation of tangent line: m = 1,pt. (0,4) y-4=x y=xt4 30, Find the equation of the tangent line to the curve y + Jy xat pt. (3,1). d Gly t Vet =x] at pt. 3.1) ryt ia yito@ty) Z1+y)=1 tee 4 yi +7G+D Z1+y') = i 3 5 20 MEGAREVIEW AND TUTORIAL CENTERCIVIL ENGINEERING MATHE eMATICS hy lon oftheline TT EY BOO gr te equation ofthe ln “in ana the angle of intersection of the curve; Fin y=2x x5 +y5 = 33 int of intersection: clving for the P on as (2x)§ = 33 x5 + 32x5 = 33 33x5 = 33 “a iy=2 for the slopes: Now, solving y=2x yl=2 @, = tan74(2) 6, = 63.43° petty8 9 = 67.01° ration in solving for the angle of intersa, : Yi = Ye ction; Alternative st n= ar tan“ T+ yiys intersection of the curve: xyty=1 y? = (x + 1)? 32, Find the angle of i Solving for the point of intersection: xyty= yt) 1 x+1l=- y Substituting it to the other equation: 1 as ae ye=1 yolxs a EGA EW AND GREERor the stopes: AEViy mg for RY Beg wy, solv maven 00K xy’ ty ty" (O)y’ +1 +y" vt o, ve, the angle of intersection is: qreretot bole @ = |-45° — 33.69%) 0 = 78.69° olution in solving for the angle of intersection: Yi- ye 1+ yiy2 2 tag pa 1+(-1) @) tan@ = -5 = -78, 69° (just take the positive value, 78. 69°) alternative 5 tan6 = 33, Find the points of the ellipse x? — 2xy + 4y? = 12atthe right of yaxis where the abscissa x has its greatest value, Puabesten aire ‘ must be For the abscissa to have its greatest value, the slope Undefined ——__ en MEGAREVIEW AND1G MATHEMA TS B00x dx dy x? — 2xy + 4y? = 12 os 2(Sy 4x) 48 2x ay 7 Aay® v=o 2x(0) — 2{(Oy + x] + By = 0 —2x + By =0 x= 4y substituting it to the equation of ellipse: (ay)? — 24y)@) + 4y? = 12 16y? — By? + 4y? 2 12y* = 12 y? y= x x=i4 Therefore, the point is (4,1). 34. Find the point of inflection of x? + y3 = 2 at the first quadrant, Therefore: zs 94 MEGAREVIEW AND TUTORIAL CENTEROOK ut 3 yis2—,2 pstitutinB! ub x= 2—y2 2x? = 2 wet x=t1 jing for Y: ov y=41 ere ore? the point of inflection is (1,1). h rind the slope of the curve with parametric equation whe: nus 35 2 x= 2u - 3u? y=u—3u ‘Therefore: Alternative solution: 4 pays ight) ts a2 ay O8 ~ BX xan = 12> Gy d vy Fk — Bue = 97 Gu Therefore: dy 9 3 oy 2 = (old mri en RIAL CENTER 29 MEGAREVIEW AND TUTO! 4_1+o%P eel solving’ andy” yl = 4x0 2x y= 400)? = 20) ‘Therefore: 37. Find the radius of curvature of the curve y = xi AtPt (0.0) @+DM-@~M) y (+1)? ,_xt1-x y Gry oa (x +1)? ye e (0 +1)? yal sr y"=—— @+D3 ; -2 y= (+13 y"=-2 [2] p=v2 Be MEGAREVIE WAND TUT ‘ORIAL CENTERor. balls 6 ——MATICs. i Ri y . radius of curvature of EVIEW pind the he curve 3 +a oe 8 ‘ * OY at pe a2) 1 desc ay? + ¥? = 4xy] at (2,2) 3x? + By?y! = A(xy’ 4 yy 3x? + By?y! = dy! 4. 4y 3(2)? + 3(2)y! = 4(ayy! 4 4(2) yer ox + 3ly?y" + Y'Qyy)] = 407" + y+ yr 6x + 3y*y+6y(y')"=4xy + By’ 6(2) + 32)y+6(2)(-1)? =4(2)y + (1) y"= erefore jg, ifthe radius of the circle increases at the rate of 0.01 inch per second find the rate of change of the area when the radius is 3 inches long, Given: dr in dt s Required: dA ; = =?whenr = 3in dt From the area of circle: A=nr Differentiating the whole equation with respect to time, we have: dA ett de at dA ae = 2m(3)(0.01 in/s) dA 3n —=— in? Ge 7 Ep © 0: 188 in?/s MEGAREVIEW AND TUTORIAL CENTER = 287qs < on the parabola y = x? 40. A point move ‘ increases at the rate fof 3 feet per second. AC What ray oe > g whet =2? ely ~ nereasing when * BSS Given at a7 3s Required: “ oY > whe gy eo when dt pifferentiating the whole equation with respect to time: dy _ 5.0% le: Y 2x dt dt dy _ a 2(2)(3) dy ea iz its 41. One lega right triangle is always 6 feet long and the oth et per second. Find the rate of a legis MBE of increasing at the rate of 2 fet nuse when it is 10 feet long? the hypote Referring to the figure: | L By Pythagorean Theorem: eo x2467=1 When L = 10 ft: I Now, differentiating the whole equation with respect to time: ox = ott dt dt dL 2(8)(2 ft/s) = 2(10) a ah en aca oe t/s ‘VIEW AND TUTORIAL CENTER1 is walking. How fast We root tal Is the eng kon which . g fee - Of the mann whlch a vt gen he is Walling ay from the hte seaon vor") ate er you? f3 mites sing tothe Figure: ele? . dx _ 3 mph at ax ay Zawhen G- = 3mph dt riangles: sia 8 ngle pifferentiating the whole equation with respect to time: dx _ 3dy dt 5Sdt mi _3dy br Sat dy a7 mph 43, The base diameter and altitude of a right circular cone are apserved at a certain instant to be 10 and 20 inches, respectively. If the lateral area is constant and the base diameter is increasing at the rate of 1 inch per minute, find the rate at which the altitude is decreasing. From the general formula of lateral surface area: eT ae i A=5(,+P)L t 2 h P= nD P= ap 8y Pythagorean Theorem: +—— - : ree) aaa) L= [rey mare fe Nes i a right hangs 15 feet directly above a ne REVIEW Boo, oS wallsuubostitntlne 1 D2 » fue Aw gmt |: (5) eo oquatlon WILD respect to ¢ ti piftere’ jing tne whol 1 IL ange gq 2D-aE af. hata a yp: n ana he sp peg Les since te ateraarea ts const Wg dt ‘Therefore nit So ean = 2 fer@) +( 6 dh ty D: seal, m5 ; Peo Now, substitute the following: dD p= 10in,h = 20in, a, = 1 in/minute We have (10)¢ 0G tE GOO , 202+ (> soy! +(1) =0 [20 +(2) 10205 + 25) + (20? +5?) =0 10 (20 +25) = ~425 sot y2 qt Aer 425 20% = -45 dey. dh S = -2.251 minute at 2.25 in/ asing at arate of 225 The negative si negative sign shows that the height is decre WAND TUTORIAL CENTER——— PeCtively At yy What her when the inne ——yashands 1 and 1-3/5 inches long res jhe 7 ends of the hands approaching each ot ot “tothe figure: ri cf law’ psine 2 yo" x2 = 1? + 1.6? ~ 2(1)(1.6) cos 60° Ain x ptiatinB! dx pier os = 2x at 3.2 sin® a ber fs pemer™ do a lin £5.5°/min = +377 rad/minute x7 46 minute hand approaches the hour hand a takes the negative asthe 48 is positive as it leaves the hour hand, valle 3p therefore dx 11n — = 3.2 sin 60°|-—— 2.4) G = 32sin 0° ( 3g rad/min) ax — = -0.095 ii it S 95 in/min dx —=-5.7 sea ~5:70;n/s «6, Aladder 20m long stands on a horizontal floor and leans against serial wall Ifthe top of the ladder slides at the rate of % m/sec, fnd the rate at which the angle between the ladder and the wall is changing when the foot of the ladder is 12 m from the wall Fa I er AND TUTORIAL CENTER = 301Required: te oe —VK do <=? when x = A dt 12m : gorean Theorem: aes x? +y? = 20? Using trigonometric functions: ae cos 8 = 20 Differentiating the whole equation with respect = to 20cos@ =y tin 48 _ dy —20sin@ qe cae Using trigonometric functions: x in@ = — sind = 35 put? sin® = 55 3 sin == Substituting: i @) do, S/ dt do -12 = -12 dt #0 not d, at rad/s 46. A conical glass whose radius is 5 m and altitude 12 m is being filled at the rate of 10 cu, m/sec. How fast is the surface rising when the liquid is 6 m deep? Referring to the figure: Core d Ve ar > 10m*/s Required: 7 dh W/ G7? when h = 6m 3 MEGAREVIEW AND TUTORIAL CErormuta of volume ofa cone: he rom velit Jationship between the radius and the h eight: et les: 7 iil” ria at Hi r 5 h “12 oe a m (6 cos X cos X) ya , a 7 i 37> yy gy (0 008 Xsin Xo = 3955 Thus; OYnd curve: daa + cos 0) cos X)y om a For the sec?! ea +050) sinX)yn = 0 > de Thus: a oo 6 | oe i) =3.464 v2 10 ‘Therefore: 0 = 10; — 821 0 = [30° — 0°| @ = 30° (ok!) 50. Find the radius of curvature ofthe curve r = 4+ 3sing, atg «4 From the formula: 3 (r? + r')2 Wey ar?— rr] We have: r=44+3sin0 r=4+3sin0 r=4;r? = 16 For the first derivative: r’ =3cos8 r= 3cos0 ee MEGAREVIEW AND TUTORIAL CENTERcond derivative r rte fore tH (16 +9)2 |16 + 2(9) 125 34 find the radius of curvature of the curve r = aoa", a 1+c058" © ~ 2" rom the formula: 3 ‘G2 +132 0S We + 2? rr Wehave: 2sin8crvit NGINEESS ‘i Le N 20 " 2 ; “(1 ' cou) peated sf valve: for the second der (cos 0) ~ sin 0 (2)(1_+ cosy 0) ~ : af co (i + cos 0)* Sin gy ros) ( (cos) + asin? (1 =i) fe (1 +053) red ‘Therefore: : (44 4)2 0 [44 2) - 21 paz +4sin 02 a = 2rad/s,r is expresseq ln ‘on; For the curve F Situatis feet: / uo! / Ke | . 52, Find the radial component of the velocity at @ = From the formula We have: 1 ve= 400s (2 rad/s) vy, = 4 ft/s Sere 0” MEGAREVIEW AND TUTORIAL CENTERVE yale" ansverse COMponent of the Volocty arg . “WHO Oe the for mula: went vo = (5 + 4sin 0) (2%) vo = (5 sing) (2) Wy = 10+ 4V3 © 16.93 ft/s rind the velocity of the particle when 6 = x vi = vi? + v9? 4 + 16,93? 17.39 ft/s rind the radial component of the acceleration at @ =" ; 58 From the formula avr (@ 2 Merde ot a) We have ? = 400s 07 r #6 do; do ae s|osoge + (- sno) = 4[o=sin§ 2] dr ae 7 83 Therefore: a, = —BV3 — (s Thee a a, = -20 — 16V3 = —47.71 ft/s? 6. Find the transverse component of the acceleration at 6 = > MEGAREVIEW AND TUTORIAL CENTERao = 2(4)(2) +0 ag = 16 ft/s? ‘Therefore: ion ofthe particle when 9 = 57. Find the acceleration of the P ae a? =a,? +a9” a? = (—47.41)? + 16? 0. 32 ft/s? a 58, Find two positive numbers whose Products 64, anq Whose . ‘Sum, isa minimum. Let xy = 64 a x — 1st number y— 2nd number S=xt+y Solve y in terms of x: _ 64 y= x Therefore: 64 S=x4+— x ds 64 dx x? Since the sum is a minimum, set the derivative equal to zero: 64 O=1-5 x? 64 = x=8 Solving for the value of y: 64 yee y=8 WE RREVEWARS ee ‘WAND TUTORIAL CENTERace area of closed box is: sur tm A= 2(LW+LH + Way a cient L=2w substituting: 96 = (2W)W + (2W)H + WH 96 = 2W? + 2WH + WH 96 = 2W? + 3WH solving for the value of H: 3WH = 96 - 2w2 32 2 H=—-<5 W From the volume of rectangular prism: Vv =LWH V = (2W)WH V=2wW? @ 4 V= sew — Ws oe 64 — 4w? dw Setting the derivative equal to zero: 0 = 64-4w? W=4in Therefore: MEGAREVIEW AND TUTORIAL CENTER = 313the dimension Is 4inx 8inx 5.33 in Thet ectangle are on th € positiv, ex. 60, TwoY et nthe lines y = 4X al two ve! nthe Positive xa, riple 2 area of the rectangle? bs 5x + 6, sw, at is ye ert maximum pos g to the figure: Referrin| Let: coordinate of the leftmost vertex, B Substituting to the other equation: x Therefore: A=bh 6 — 9w A= ( 5 ya ) 4 A= _(ou— ou?) dA_4 qa 75 O- 18u)' 7 qngulat corner lot has Perpendicular a0 feet. Find the dimensions of the lar, oe lengths 12 6 Best 1 d nstructed on a lot w; ectangu ot ame at can be co With side, lar rit Ue * Parallel to the ‘ a: ee aingtoe Bure > ear wanes a i zs wy ,20_ 12079 is 0 = x 16} 120-¥ _— y x ee 4ct20-y) 4420-y) e area of rectangle: A=xy A= $caz0 ~y)y) From the 4 A= 3 (120y — yy da 4 ay 730120 -2y) Setting the derivative equal to zero: 120-2y =0 60 ft 2x = 80 ft Therefore, the area is: A= (60)(80) A= 4800 ft? 2. Find the area of the k ordinate axes whi ‘Wo parabolas y ‘argest rectangle with sides parallel to the ich can be inscribed in the area bounded by the = 26-x? andy =x? 42, MEGAREVIEW AND TUTORIAL CENTER 315CIVIL ENGINEERING. MATHEMATICS REVIEW B Referring to the figure: = 2x[(26 -* = 2x(24- 4x(12 — 4(12x - x°) A= 2x(y2 - 0) 2) — (x? + 2) ) GA _ 4(12 - 3x7) dx setting the derivative equal f° zero: Therefore, the area is: A= 4[12(2) - 29] A= 64sq.units Ivert has a cross-section consistit ing of a re rectangle micircle whose diameter is equal to the ven perimeter, find the ratio of the mee a Of the ‘the area is a maximum. 63. Aconcrete cul surmounted by a sel the rectangle. For agi rectangle to its base if Referring to the figure: ab p=2h+b+> a Solving for the value of h: 1 [p-b(2 +5) b h= For the area: A= bh+2b? 8 aanfle-o0-+)) 5" =} (4 +E dA 1 21 p—av(a+5)] +9 Setting the derivative equal to zero: ae MEGAREVIEW AND TUTORIAL CENTERe value of his: =3[r- Fea)(+3] 2 i FP tal >) 1iogmt4 2+ (at ea =x our rere th ‘he ratio of height to the base is: {shf< +a) _ al ole " w+ aie 64, The area of a sector of a circle is 64 sq. cm. Find its radius if the perimeter is a maximum. From the area of sector: 1 Aare 1 Y : 64=51°8 128 = 70 DQ 128 i o=> Rel “crring to the figure: P=2r+r0 ‘CENTER MEGAREVIEW AND TUTORIALi jvative equal to Zero: setting the derive tf r=8cm wire of length 27 + 8 cm is cut into two pi, d into a square and the other into a ees a. r wire so that the sum of the areas sree . © Squar, re 65. Apiece piece is forme! length of the circulal and circle isa minimum. Referring to the figure: p=4s+2nr 2n+8=4s+ 20r 4s = 2n—20r+8 2n(1—r) +8 Fa- 3 r)+2 The sum of the areas of the two figures is: A=s?+nr? Substituting the value of s: a=fla-n+2) +00? Bo 2ka-o+2]()cv ter Bik ig MEGAREVIEW AND TUTORIAL CENTERpqual Lo Zero; srivative & ow —nfec- Ney 2 2] + ane oa ‘inn ame = nf =r) 42 2 2 | t dre g-n+2 ave tr) ba are mrt 4 ardour st 4 port ats re ion fore, (he other length is: ere t gU-D+2 2cm go. Find the shortest distance from the point (3, 0) to the parabola fens formula: py distance setting the derivative equal to zero: 0=2(x-3)+4 2-3) = -4 r~3 2 x=1 Substituting y? = 4(1) y=4 y=2 MEGAREVIEW AND TUTORIAL CENTER 319——$ re )? + 22 2)? + 22 «volume of the largest right circular eg g the functions of the angle g Me Whose Find th Slay, 67. is 10 cm. Solve usin side r sin® = 79 r=10sin® h cos8 = 75 h = 10cos® / For the volume of the cone: vegrth Substituting the value of rand h in terms of 6: v= $(a0sin @)2(10 cos 8) 1000: vy = LOOT sin? @ cos 8 dv _ 10000 , [sin? @ (— sin 8) + cos 6 (2 sin @cos®)] a 3 Setting the derivative to zero: sin? @ = 2.cos? 6 sin? 0 cos? 6 tan?76=2 tan 0 = v2 @= tan“? Vv2 0 = 54.74° Therefore, the volume is: 1 v= 3 (10sin 54.74°)2(10 cos 54.74°) V = 403.07 cm? 320 MEGAREVIEW AND TUTORIAL CENTERne volume of the right circular eo, ; Fie circumscribed about Brea ie aa pe circ Heke wale 6 4 sphere of radius est Volum pi Or unction of the angle 6, Oem, s, athe ng wit? A wi ring to the figure: (b = 10) pele sing =? y sing= 2 y y= 10csco tand=— Tey eh r tan 0 = Ty sco e 10 r= 10tan 6 (1+ csc) r= 10(tan 6 + sec8) From the formula of volume of a cone: [10(tan @ + sec @)]?(10)(1 + csc@) 1000n 7 tan 8 +sec)?(1 + csc 8) eV 1000r zz [(tan 8 + sec 6)?(— csc 8 cot @) + (1+ esc 8)(2)(sec@ + tan @)(sec 8 tan@ + sec” 6)] Setting the 4 a “ng the derivative equal to zero and simplifying: cot 8 (tan 8 + sec)? = 2 sec (1 + cscb)(secd + tan 8)? csc 8 cot @ = 2secO (1 + csc 8) 1 2 (1+ 24) MEGAREVIEWAND TUTORIAL CENTER = 324 3qk ao win 4 eur e tO 7 an con al sino”) ‘N cold 1 + sin gy ae vind cond con 0 = 2010 OA + sing) con 0 = 2918 + Zin? 9 win? 0 = 29inO + 25in? 9 =0 con 2 oy + sind) gain? o + 28100 ~ (asin 1)(sin 0 + 1 he sin = =;8in 0 1 Adopt sin 8 = 5 1 _v2 1%. an vege = 3; nO =e = seco = M2 we 4 ; 0 _ 1000 tan o + sec 8)2(1 + esc8) tn Bu (143) ee 10007 = ae ay ®) y = 20008 ons “3 69, Find the volume of the right circular cone of greatest volume which can be inscribed in a sphere of radius 6 cm. Referring to the figure: By Pythagorean Theorem: rity? = 62 12 = 62 —y? From the volume of a cone: 1 vere 3° h nt =@-yy6+y) wv y =H ~y’) +6 +y)(-2y)] Te ett EGAREVIEW AND TUTORIAL CENTERjvative equal to zero; 6 ~ y? w 13, By? + 12y~ 36 =9 y?+4y—12=9 Y= 2ymg V+ ay? + 625 sq. m. in area is to be fenced on all four sides. tts F the fence costs p Alot : ons require the least amount of fencing. 1 Jinear meter, what is the total cost? iment snoop ting to the figure: peferritb A= xy = 625 625 yee y sperfoe, the perimeter is: i P=2(x+y) 625 pa=2(x+o2 ap a x) 625 e~2(1-F) setting the derivative equal to zero: | 625 | 1--F=0 | x? = 625 | x= 25m | =25m Thus: P = 2(25 +25) P= 100m Therefore: P50 Cost = (100 m) (=) Cost = P5000 Soper MEGAREVIEW ANDyinder having @ volume of 1209 cpp 1.0 PEF SE. OF RS cUryeq 0.60 pers atthe top and igang um cost a Ma re! gst wring (0 peferine a 12 ve ce 1200) , 4.2nr? co o(“a7) Hu co ee nee? r ac _ 2409 24nr wimg a | to zero: setting the derivative equal t0 220; 2anr =a zanr3 = 2400 1000 T = 6.827 cm = 8,193 cm ons of fuel per month has fixed 7500 and variable costs of 0.90x. The demand function is and the station's capacity allows no more ‘than ‘r month. Find the maximum profit. 32, A gasoline station selling * gal cost of P 1.50 - 0.00002x 20,000 gallons to be sold pel total income = x(1.50 ~ 0.00002x) (4.50 — 0.00002x) — (2500 + 0.90%) 60x — 0.00002x? — 2500 Differentiating: dG Sy = 0.60 - 0.00004x Setting the derivative equal to zero: 0.00004x = 0.60 15000 ‘Therefore, the profit is: G = 0,60(15000) — 0.00002(15000)? — G= P2000 Ey MEGAREVIEW AND TUTORIAL CENTER 2500