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Topic 4 - AIR STANDARD POWER CYCLES

The document discusses the Brayton cycle, which is the ideal cycle for a simple gas turbine. It describes the key processes of compression, constant pressure heat addition, expansion, and constant pressure cooling. Sample problems are included to show calculations for compressor and turbine work, efficiency, and other values.

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Mang Tomas
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12 views

Topic 4 - AIR STANDARD POWER CYCLES

The document discusses the Brayton cycle, which is the ideal cycle for a simple gas turbine. It describes the key processes of compression, constant pressure heat addition, expansion, and constant pressure cooling. Sample problems are included to show calculations for compressor and turbine work, efficiency, and other values.

Uploaded by

Mang Tomas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AIR STANDARD POWER

CYCLES
Topic 4 | Thermodynamics 2
THE BRAYTON CYCLE
• The air-standard Brayton cycle is the ideal for the simple
gas turbine.
• The gas-turbine may either closed or open.
• The most common cycle is open, in which atmospheric air
is continuously drawn into the compressor, heat is added
to the air by the combustion of fuel, and the fluid expands
through the turbine and exhausts to the atmosphere.
• In the closed cycle, the heat must be added to the fluid in
a heat exchanger from an external source.
The processes in the air-standard Brayton cycle are as
follows:
• 1-2: isentropic compression in the compressor ( S=C).
• 2-3: constant pressure heat addition in the combustor ( P=C).
• 3-4: isentropic expansion in the turbine ( S=C).
• 4-1:constant pressure cooling ( P=C).
Simple open gas-turbine cycle
simple closed gas-turbine cycle
Analysis of Gas Turbine Cycle
• Compression (Isentropic) Process:

• Heat Added in Combustor

• Turbine Expansion (Isentropic) Process:


• The efficiency of the air-standard Brayton Cycle is found
as follows:
Gas Turbine Cycle Considering Fluid
Friction:
The Simple Gas-Turbine Cycle with a
Regenerator

• The efficiency of this cycle with regeneration is found as


follows:
• But for an ideal regenerator, T4 = Tx, and therefore qH =
wt, Consequently

• Regenerator Efficiency
• If the specific heat is assumed to be constant, the
regenerator efficiency is also given by this relation
Sample Problem No. 1
Consider an ideal air-standard Brayton cycle in which the
air into the compressor is at 100 kPa, 20°C, and the
pressure ratio across the compressor is 12:1. The
maximum temperature in the cycle is 1100°C, and the air
flow rate is 10 kg/s. Assume constant specific heat for the
air.

Determine the compressor work, the turbine work, and the


thermal efficiency of the cycle.
Solution to Sample Problem No. 1
Sample Problem No. 2:
An ideal regenerator is incorporated into the ideal air-
standard Brayton cycle of Problem 1. Find the thermal
efficiency of the cycle with this modification. Consider an
ideal air-standard Brayton cycle in which the air into the
compressor is at 100 kPa, 20°C, and the pressure ratio
across the compressor is 12:1. The maximum temperature
in the cycle is 1100°C, and the air flow rate is 10 kg/s.
Assume constant specific heat for the air.

Determine the compressor work, the turbine work, and the


thermal efficiency of the cycle.
Solution to Sample Problem No. 2
Sample Problem No. 3:
A large stationary Brayton cycle gas-turbine power plant
delivers a power output of 100 MW to an electric generator.
The minimum temperature in the cycle is 300K, and the
maximum temperature is 1600 K. The minimum pressure in
the cycle is 100 kPa, and the compressor pressure ratio is
14 to 1.

Calculate the power output of the turbine. What fraction of


the turbine output is required to drive the compressor?
What is the thermal efficiency of the cycle?
Solution to Sample Problem No. 3

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