Module Code-Pasay- UCSP-Q1-W1-D1-4

Name : _________________________________________________ Strand : __________________

Name of Teacher : _____________________________________ Grade : _________________

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY
MODULE IN UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS
Q1 / Week 1/ Day 1

What I Need to Know

This module uses anthropological and sociological point of views to develop
learner’s awareness of culture from the perspective of sociology and anthropology. It
recognizes the importance of the study of culture, society and politics; significance of
having scientific knowledge about culture, society and politics; and prepare learner for
active and responsible civic engagement through development of critical thought.

The module is divided into four lessons, namely:

MELC: Discuss the nature, goals and perspectives in/of anthropology, sociology,
and political science
• Lesson 1 – Sharing of social and cultural backgrounds of students as acting
subjects or social actors, agents, and persons.
• Lesson 2 – Observations about social, political, and cultural behavior and
phenomena
• Lesson 3 – Observations on social, political and cultural change
• Lesson 4 – Definitions of Anthropology, Political Science and Sociology

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Articulate observations on human cultural variation, social differences, social
change, and political identities.
2. Demonstrate curiosity society and an openness to explore the origins and
dynamics of culture and society, and political identities
3. Analyze social, political, and cultural change
4. Make decisions in a society through the disciples of Anthropology, Political Science
and Politics.
5. Identify the subjects of inquiry and goals of Anthropology, Political Science, and
Sociology.

What I Know
DIRECTIONS: Write CV if the example defines Cultural Variation, SD if Social
Differences, SBP if Social Behavior and Phenomena, PBP if Political Behavior and
Phenomena and CBP if Cultural Behavior and Phenomena

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6 . 7. 8 . 9. 10.

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Module Code-Pasay- UCSP-Q1-W1-D1-4

Name : _________________________________________________ Strand : __________________

Name of Teacher : _____________________________________ Grade : _________________

11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

1. Federalism 2. Fake News 3. Social 4. Exceptionality 5. Religion

Amelioration
6. Social 7. Nationality 8. TikTok 9. Ethnicity 10. Citizenship
Distancing
11. Safety and 12. Gender 13. Political 14. Social Media 15. Popularity
Security Candidate Buzz (Fan Base)

Lesson Cultural Variation, Social Differences, Social Change and Political

1 Identities

In the activity that you have answered, you gained understanding what
society and culture are. Both hold the key towards understanding the topics. This
module will help you enhance your prior knowledge on Cultural Variation, Social
Differences, Social Change, Political Identities and enrich it further through engaging
yourself with concepts given to you in each lesson. Enjoy the knowledge that you
discover on your way!

What’s In
The topic allows you to explore and discover the introduction and significance of understanding
the culture, society, and politics; human cultural variation, social differences, social change, and
political identities; the significance of studying culture, society and politics; the rationale for studying
anthropology, political science and sociology. This adopts an open and critical attitude toward
different social, political and cultural phenomena through observation and reflection. Guidance of
the learner and understanding their intellectual shortcomings are recommended.

TRY THIS!
DIRECTIONS:
1. Get one whole sheet of paper.
2. Write your name inside the circle.
3. Draw Figure 1 on the sheet of paper.
4. Write the following information of yourself in

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Module Code-Pasay- UCSP-Q1-W1-D1-4

Name : _________________________________________________ Strand : __________________

Name of Teacher : _____________________________________ Grade : _________________

Gender

YOURSELF
YOURSELF

Ethnicity Religion

Socio – Economic Class

ACTIVITY: Figure 1
DIRECTIONS: Based on the output from the previous activity, you will explain your
observations on the following questions in your notebook!
1. What are the similarities and differences of every individual?
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. Do these similarities and differences affect the life of the whole community?
Why?
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

What’s New

• E.B. Tylor, anthropology’s founder, gave a definition to start with;

• “That complex whole which includes

• Knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, law, custom

• And any other capabilities, and habits

• Acquired by man [both genders]

• As a member of society”

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Module Code-Pasay- UCSP-Q1-W1-D1-4

Name : _________________________________________________ Strand : __________________

Name of Teacher : _____________________________________ Grade : _________________

Definition of culture

Different sociologists have differently denied the term culture:

❖ Taylor: “Culture is the complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art,
morals, law, customs and habits and any capabilities acquired by man as a member
of society.”
❖ Linton: “Culture is social heredity, which is transmitted from one generation to
another with the accumulation of individual differences.”
❖ John Beattee: “Culture is the way of life which is transmitted from generation to
generation.”

I. Cultural Variation, Social Differences, Social Change and Political Identities

Globally, culture is a distinctive identity of every individual or nation, thus it is

called multicultural. Every nation or a region in a specific country has rich diversity in
social practices that different cultures exhibit around the world. From cuisines and arts
are all transformed from one culture to the next, along with gender roles, economic
systems, and social hierarchy among any number of other humanly organized
behaviours this is where cultural variation emerges.
Human Cultural Variation refers to the differences in social behaviours that
different cultures exhibit around the world. What may be considered good etiquette in
one culture may be considered bad etiquette in another. (globalsociology.pbworks.com).
Cultural variation can be studied across cultures, for instance, a cross cultural
study of ritual in Indonesia and Philippines or across generations such as a comparison
of Generation X and Generation Y and is often a subject studied by anthropologist,
sociologist and cultural theorists.
Social differences are widely shared cultural beliefs that define the socially
significant distinctions on the basis of which a society is structured and inequality is
organized (e.g., race, gender, occupation).
The primary components of cultural variations are Religion, Ethnicity and
Nationality. Every country has its own religious beliefs and practices that vary and
diverse.
Religion can be defined as a set of practices and behaviours that relate to a
group of people's belief in a God or a group of gods. In the Philippines,
Ethnicity has been defined as a family's common ancestry through which
identity develops as a result of evolved shared values and customs (McGoldrick,
Giordano, and Pearce 1996).

Ethnicity, or ethnic group, consist of individuals and families who are members
of international, national, religious, cultural, and racial groups that do not belong to the
dominant group in a society.

Cultural Variations in Ethnicity

Ethnicity and Race
Every society consists of people from different families, ethnic groups, and races. This
makes society very diverse and unique.

Ethnicity refers to a group of people, also called ethnic group, who shared
common culture, language, history, religion, and tradition.
Here, the people are divided into groups based on different social factors.
Examples: Filipinos, Malays, Ifugaos, and Muslims.

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Module Code-Pasay- UCSP-Q1-W1-D1-4

Name : _________________________________________________ Strand : __________________

Name of Teacher : _____________________________________ Grade : _________________

Race refers to a group of people who share the same physical attributes,
such as skin color, height, and facial features.
People are grouped into different races based on their physical attributes.
Human beings are classified into three major races: Caucasoid,
Mongoloid, and Negroid.
These classifications are based on the color of the skin, the shape of the
face, texture of the hair, shape of the eyes, and other prominent physical
features.
Major Races
Physical Race
Attribute Caucasoid Mongoloid Negroid
Skin color fair yellowish dark
Hair light colored; straight or straight; black curly; black
wavy
Eyes round almond-shaped large round
Nose High nose bridge Low to medium nose Low nose bridge
bridge
Origin Americas and Europe Asia Africa

Two people belonging to the same rice may be part of different ethnic groups. For
example, Asians belong to the Mongoloid race but consists of different ethnic groups
like the Japanese, the Chinese, and the Malays. They all share the same physical
features but have different culture, history, and language.
Ethnolinguistic Groups in the Philippines
There are more than 180 ethnics or ethnolinguistic groups in the Philippines, which are
based on the language each group use.

There are eight major ethnolinguistic groups in the country:

1. Ilokano 5. Bikolano
2. Kapampangan 6. Ilonggo
3. Pangasinense 7. Cebuano
4. Tagalog 8. Waray-waray

Other smaller ethnolinguistic groups are the Ibanag, Ivatan,

Sambal, Subanon, Maguindanaoan, and Zambuangueño.

There are also indigenous groups in the country that may belong to the same
ethnolingguistic groups, but have a different culture, tradition, or culture. Some of them
are the Mangyans of Mindoro, the Igorots of the Mountain Province, and the Moros of
Mindanao.
Nationality refers to the country from which a person originates. In many cases,
nationality is the country where a person was born, but that is not always the case. The
term nationality should only be used to identify the membership a person has with a
specific country, which is determined by the nationality policies of that country. It also
refers to the protections offered to an individual by their state of nationality. Most of the
time, nationality is misinterpreted, however concept is most similar to citizenship,
although technically citizenship is linked with a person’s internal political relationship
with their country, whereas nationality is associated with a person’s global interactions.
Examples of nationalities include the following identities: Filipino, American, Indian,
Canadian, and Nigerian.

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Module Code-Pasay- UCSP-Q1-W1-D1-4

Name : _________________________________________________ Strand : __________________

Name of Teacher : _____________________________________ Grade : _________________

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY
MODULE IN UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS
Q1 / Week 1/ Day 2

Cultural Variations in Nationality

Nation, Nationality, and Citizenship
The line of distinction between the terms “nation” and “nationality” is quite thin. Most of
the time, “nationality” and “citizenship” are used interchangeably. However, it is
important to note that these words do not mean the same and pertain to different
concepts. They differ in many aspects.
Nation
▪ a large aggregate of people united by common descent, history, culture,
language, and economic life inhabiting a particular country or territory

Example:
The United Kingdom is a country inhabited mainly by people of four nations: English,
Irish, Scott, and Welsh.
Whereas the term nation emphasizes a particular group of people, country emphasizes
the physical dimensions and boundaries of a geographical area, while state is a self-
governing legal and political entity.
Nationality
▪ a person’s instinctive membership to a specific nation or country
▪ can be acquired by an individual from the country where he/she was born (jus
soli)
▪ can be acquired by an individual through his/her parents (jus sanguinis)
▪ An individual is national of a particular country by birth. Nationality is acquired
through inheritance from his or her parents.
▪ People with the same nationality often share the same language, culture,
territory, and in some cases, ancestry. They share the same rights and are
protected by the same laws.

Citizenship
▪ a person’s legal and political status in a city or state, which means that an
individual has been registered with the government in some country.
▪ An individual becomes a citizen of a country only when he is accepted into
that country’s political framework through legal terms.

Examples:
▪ An individual born in the Philippines has a Filipino nationality. Chances are, he
may have a Brazilian or Colombian citizenship once he has registered with that
country.
▪ People of the European Union (maybe French, Germans, English, and others)
may have European Union citizenship, but that person’s nationality does not
change.
▪ No one will be able to change his nationality, but one can have different
citizenships.

Filipino Nationality

▪ The Philippine nationality law is based on the principles of jus sanguinis or “right
of blood.” Therefore, anyone with a parent who is a citizen or national of the

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Module Code-Pasay- UCSP-Q1-W1-D1-4

Name : _________________________________________________ Strand : __________________

Name of Teacher : _____________________________________ Grade : _________________

Republic of the Philippines can acquire Philippine citizenship. This is the primary
method of acquiring citizenship.
▪ For those born in the Philippines to non-Filipino parents, the Administrative
Naturalization Law of 2000 (R.A. 9139) provides a trail for administrative
naturalization for those who qualify.

Right to a Nationality
▪ Every person has a right to a nationality.
▪ The right to a nationality is a fundamental human right. It is an individual’s right
to acquire, change, or retain his or her nationality. Thus, a country’s law cannot
deprive a person the right to gain a nationality, in case he or she loses it.

Statelessness
▪ People who does not have nationality of any country are considered as stateless
people.
▪ According to Article 1 of the 1954 Convention relating to the Status of
Stateless Persons of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR), "a stateless person is someone who is not considered as a national by
any State under the operation of its law."
▪ Most stateless people are considered "refugees" while others lose their nationality
due to war, conflict, or if their country is annexed by another country and loses
its sovereignty.

Social Differences in Gender

Gender and Gender Roles
People play different roles in society depending on one’s age and occupation. There are
jobs that require a specific gender to perform tasks while other jobs are open to both
men and women.

Gender
▪ Gender refers to social, cultural, and psychological characteristics or traits
related to males and females based on certain social contexts.
▪ It is different from sex, which refers to the biological characteristics that
distinguish a male from female.
▪ Thus, sex makes a person male or female, while gender makes a person
masculine or feminine.

Gender Roles
▪ Gender roles refers to attitudes and behaviors that the society expects a person
to exhibit based on his/her sex.
▪ For example, in the traditional Philippine society, women are expected to be plain
housewives and take care of the children, while the men are expected to be a
professional and provide the needs of his family.
▪ Another example is how society expects women to be more emotional and
sensitive while men should be strong and capable of doing things that women
cannot do.
Differences in social interaction styles happen in the classroom as well. Boys, on
average, are more likely to speak up during a class discussion” sometimes even if not
called on, or even if they do not know as much about the topic as others in the class
(Sadker, 2002). When working on a project in a small co-ed group, furthermore they
have a tendency to ignore girls' comments and contributions to the group. In this
respect co-ed student groups parallel interaction patterns in many parts of society,
where men also have a tendency to ignore women's comments and contributions
(Tannen, 2001)
Furthermore, there are an enormous number of incorrect stereotypes that characterize
the differences between women and men. Indeed, nearly all of these stereotypes are
based on cultural inaccuracies and wrong data without consideration of biology and the
distinct sociological differences between genders. Sociological differences are those
that relate to the development, structure, interaction and behaviour of organized groups

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Module Code-Pasay- UCSP-Q1-W1-D1-4

Name : _________________________________________________ Strand : __________________

Name of Teacher : _____________________________________ Grade : _________________

of human beings, or societies, and their values and beliefs. Gender is a social construct
referring "to the culturally and historically based differences in the roles, attitudes and
behaviors of men and women" as shaped by norms and stereotypes.
Difference between Gender and Sex

socially It refers to a
constructed person
characteristi based on
One's sense cs anatomy
of self as
masculine or Personality
It is bodies
feminine characteristic
biological
regardless of s
external
genitalia

gender sex

In different gender perspective, the LGBT community (or LGBTQIA community or

GLBT community), also referred to as the gay community, is a loosely defined grouping
of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, LGBT organizations and subcultures, united by a
common culture and social movements. These communities generally celebrate pride,
diversity, individuality, and sexuality.

LGBTQIA Classification Social Connotation

Lesbian A woman is emotionally, romantically, or sexually
attracted to other women.
Gay Men attracted emotionally, romantically and/or sexually
to men.
Bisexual A person who is attracted to two sexes or two sexes or
two genders.
Transgender People are those whose psychological self, differs from
the social expectations for the physical sex they were
born with.
Queer/Questioning A person who is attracted to multiple genders
Intersex Is a set of medical conditions that feature congenital
anomaly of the reproductive and sexual system.
Asexual Is a person who generally does not feel sexual attraction
or desire to any group of people
Activity 1 Social, Political and Cultural Behavior and Phenomena
DIRECTIONS: Write your answer in the space provided in the table. Identify the missing
term or definition.

Social Behavior and Definition

Phenomena
It is the act of prohibiting the consumption of certain food and
1._________________ drinks. Some food may be prohibited during certain religious
beliefs and periods (Lent, Ramadan) at certain stages of life
(pregnancy, sickness), or to certain classes of people (priests,
infants).
Istambay (Bum)
2.

Marriage It is the legal and formal union of a man and a woman as

partners in a relationship.

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Module Code-Pasay- UCSP-Q1-W1-D1-4

Name : _________________________________________________ Strand : __________________

Name of Teacher : _____________________________________ Grade : _________________

Political Behavior and Definition

Phenomena
Political Dynasty It is a term used in politics to refer to a family in which
several members are involved in public governance.
3. It is when a political candidate seeks the help of a well-
known of influential in a campaign.
Elections
4.

Definition
Popularity Popularity is the state of being liked, admired, or supported by many
(Fan Base) people. Formation of fan bases is clear manifestation of popularity.
5. Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram are social networking sites where
many people are members and interact with other members through
information, picture, music, and video sharing.

Social Differences (Socio-Economic Class)

The Philippine society can be categorized into various socioeconomic classes. During the
prehistoric times, our ancestors have developed a society where people were assigned
with different social functions. However, as the society changes, differences in one’s
function in the society became wider and more diverse.
Socioeconomic Classes during the Pre-Colonial Period and Spanish Era

Maharlika
Socio Economic

Peninsulares
Pre-Spanish

Insulares
Timawa Modern
class

Mestizo
Alipin Indio

Socioeconomic Classes
Socioeconomic classes changed when the Philippines gained independence from Spain.
The Americans introduced democracy and did not impose any form of socioeconomic
classes. At present, a person’s position in the society is based mainly on his or her
family’s economic status. Social stratification or the division of society based on
occupation and income, wealth or power; is simpler at present than in the past.
Presently, The National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) divided the population
into high-income, middle-income, and low-income classes.

High-income Class, people who are earning

an average of P200,000 a month, or
Modern Socioeconomic Classes approximately P2.4 million annually. The
’wealthy’ class and accounts for merely 1%
of the country’s total population
Middle-income Class, people who are
earning an average of P36,000 monthly. It
consists of professionals and small-scale
entrepreneurs
Low-income class, people who are earning
less than P10,000 monthly. It consists of
labourer and minimum wage earners

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Module Code-Pasay- UCSP-Q1-W1-D1-4

Name : _________________________________________________ Strand : __________________

Name of Teacher : _____________________________________ Grade : _________________

Social Differences (Exceptionality/Non-Exceptionality)
People has different characteristics, needs, desires, lifestyles, and challenges. However,
there are people who, from one reason or another, are described or categorized by the
society as exceptional.
Exceptionality

▪ a quality or a characteristic of a person that makes him or her different

from an established norm in a society.
▪ Various physical and mental interferences or problems that affect a
person which make it difficult for him/her to function properly in society
Exceptional people

▪ who differ from societal and community standard of normalcy

▪ with learning or behavioral problems and with physical and sensory
disabilities
▪ who are intellectually gifted

The characteristics which make a person exceptional may have been acquired from
birth, through a medical condition, or through an accident.

Existing Categories of Exceptionality

Behaviour Communication Intellectual Physical Multiple
Exceptionalities
Excessive fears Autism Giftedness Physical
disability A combination of
A tendency to Mild Orthopedic one more
compulsive Deaf intellectual impairment disabilities or
reaction disability impairment
Inability to Health
build and Language Developmental Impairment
sustain Impairment disability such as
satisfactory Asthma
interpersonal
relationship
Speech Blind and
impairment low vision

ACTIVITY 4: Concept Mapping

DIRECTIONS: Complete the Sun Diagram

A. Cultural Variation
B. Social Differences

Try This Activity:

Imagine your society ten years ago. What do you see? Try to think of the
prevalent social forces and institutions in your society. What are they doing?
Now, observe your current society. What are the changes that have transpired
within a span of ten years?
On a sheet of paper, list all the changes that you can think of.

Page 10 of 20
Module Code-Pasay- UCSP-Q1-W1-D1-4

Name : _________________________________________________ Strand : __________________

Name of Teacher : _____________________________________ Grade : _________________

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY
MODULE IN UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS
Q1 / Week 1/ Day 3

What is It?
Cultural variations, social differences and cultural changes that take place as time
changes have significant implication in understanding the behavior and culture of
different ethnic groups as well as the people in every country. Acknowledging the
differences and acquiring the knowledge demonstrate curiosity and openness to explore
the origins and dynamics of culture and society, and political identities. Moreover, it
gives a clear vision of the modern society and how the culture, people and behavior
have been modified but still create unified international understanding and sensitivity.
Social Behavior and Phenomena are broad and complicated sociological concepts. These
involve every event between at least two individuals and include all knowledge and
experiences a person acquires in the entirety of his lifetime.

Lesson
Social, Political, and Cultural Behavior and Phenomena
2

Chapter 2: Social, Political, and Cultural Behavior and Phenomena

Social behavior and phenomena are broad and complicated sociological concepts.
These involve every event between at least two individuals and include all knowledge
and experiences a person acquires in the entirety of his lifetime.
Social phenomena are the individual, external, and social constructions that influence
a person’s life and development.

Social Behavior Definition

and Phenomena
It is the act of prohibiting the consumption of certain food and
Food Taboo drinks. Some food may be prohibited during certain religious beliefs
and periods (Lent, Ramadan) at certain stages of life (pregnancy,
sickness), or to certain classes of people (priests, infants).
Istambay (Bum) A Filipino term for “standby.” This refers to a person who has
nothing to do, or who is jobless and lazy.
Marriage It is the legal and formal union of a man and a woman as partners
in a relationship.

Political Behavior and Phenomena

In sociology, political behavior and phenomena include events through which
authority, governance, and public opinion are put into practice.
A political behavior of a person or a group may be influenced by their political views,
ideology, and levels of political participation. An obvious example of an act of political
behavior is the act of voting.
Political phenomena are not only limited to public office as this also include how
institutions like school, a church, or companies are ran and governed.

Political Behavior and Definition

Phenomena
Political Dynasty It is a term used in politics to refer to a family in which
several members are involved in public governance.
Political Candidate It is when a political candidate seeks the help of a well-known
Endorsement by a Celebrity of influential in a campaign.
Elections It is the formal and organized process of electing or being
elected, especially of members of a political body or legislative.
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Module Code-Pasay- UCSP-Q1-W1-D1-4

Name : _________________________________________________ Strand : __________________

Name of Teacher : _____________________________________ Grade : _________________

Cultural Behavior and Phenomena
Also known as bandwagon effect, a cultural behaviour is that event when certain
individuals behave a certain way merely because other persons do as well.

Cultural phenomena happen when something or someone gains widespread popularity.

However, it is noteworthy that it is not the subject that is the cultural phenomena but
rather a process of becoming famous.

Interactions within Society

The social, political, and cultural behavior and phenomena in the society are results of
the interaction within society. People talk and share stories. People share ways of living
among other things. People do things together and work for the attainment of the
common good and social order. These behaviors, be they usual or not, are but a natural
response to changes, and ideologies developing within society as a result of constant
interactions between members of society.

Cultural Behavior Definition

and Phenomena
Popularity (Fan Popularity is the state of being liked, admired, or supported by
Base) many people. Formation of fan bases is clear manifestation of
popularity.
Social Media Buzz Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram are social networking sites
where many people are members and interact with other members
through information, picture, music, and video sharing.

Deviance is also seen as a form of Power Struggle. Determining what is deviant and
what is not is closely tied with the existing power structures of a society.
It is divided into two types:
Formal Deviance includes actions that violated the enacted laws such as
robbery, theft, graft, rape and other forms of criminality.
Informal Deviance refers to violations to social norms that are not
codified into laws such as picking one’s nose, belching loudly, or spitting
on the streets, among others.

II. PICTURE TELL

Deviance describes an action or behavior that violates social norms, including a
formally enacted rule (e.g., crime, as well informal violations of social norms (e.g.
reacting folkways and mores. Evaluate the deviance behavior portrayed in the picture
and justify whether you think it is good or bad.

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Module Code-Pasay- UCSP-Q1-W1-D1-4

Name : _________________________________________________ Strand : __________________

Name of Teacher : _____________________________________ Grade : _________________

Try This!

DIRECTIONS: Identify the cultural elements in Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao

CULTURE LUZON VISAYAS MINDANAO

LANGUAGE
RELIGION
FOOD
MUSICAL
INSTRUMENT
DANCE
SONG
HOLIDAY &
CEREMONY
COSTUME
TRADITIONS
SPORTS

ACTIVITY 2

The teacher will give the following guide questions:

1. What place have you visited?
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. What you observed, as to:
a. Place
b. People
c. Behavior
d. Language
e. Life style
f. Beliefs?
3. What are the things you like and dislike about the place?
4. How their practices differ to your way of living?

Observation Exercise:

During the enhance community quarantine in your barangay how did the people
conduct themselves. Take note of the unwritten rules of decorum and propriety. Avoid
being observed by those you are observing, otherwise, you may not get data you are
looking for. Write down in your observation notebook.

Lesson
Social, Political, and Cultural Change
3

Social, Political, and Cultural Change

Social change is the transformation of social institutions over time. Cultural change,
on the other hand, is the transformation of culture or the way people live.

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Module Code-Pasay- UCSP-Q1-W1-D1-4

Name : _________________________________________________ Strand : __________________

Name of Teacher : _____________________________________ Grade : _________________

▪ Communication is a vital human process. Through communication, people exchange
information and thoughts.
▪ Unlike in the older times, communication made easier.
▪ Nowadays, people can share information in just a click. New media – social networking,
texting (text messaging), through e-mail, and the likes – have defied time and distance.
▪ While it makes the world as if borderless, this form of communication may produce
individuals who lack the basic understanding of direct and personal connection.

Transnational Families
▪ A transnational family is where one parent, or in some cases parents, lives and
works in another country while the children remain in their country of origin.
▪ While these families remain secured financially, its members are also exposed to its
setbacks.
▪ Children who become overly unsupervised find themselves meeting up with peer
pressure, over independence, and lack of family orientation. These may result in
alcohol or drug abuse, unwanted pregnancy, mood swings, or early marriage.

Political change happens when the rulers of a country lose power or when the type of
governance in the country changes. Governance is the kind of system or ideology used
to express authority in a country. It may be a democracy, monarchy, oligarchy, and
others.
Local public services are provided by the government to people living within its
jurisdiction, either directly (through the public sector) or by financing provision of
services.
Youth Volunteerism
Volunteerism is the use or involvement of a volunteer or free labor in community
services.
Mechanisms of Changes
There are different mechanisms or tools of social and cultural changes.

Diffusion is the process through which the cultural traits of one society are borrowed,
transmitted, and adopted by another one and considered as its own.

Examples:
▪ Migration
▪ Globalization

Invention is the process whereby new cultural elements are created to solve social and
cultural problems.
Example: Internet

Discovery is the process whereby we recognize or gain a better understanding of

already existing elements present in the environment.

Example: Scientific Research

Changes within Society

Change is said to be constant. It is inevitable. It is expected to happen. No one can stop

it. But the big question is what makes it happen. Of course, there are many factors-
social, political, or cultural.

Along with time, people, environment, and ideologies change. People move in and move
out. People live and die. People’s stories and experiences change. People make
discoveries and innovations.

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Module Code-Pasay- UCSP-Q1-W1-D1-4

Name : _________________________________________________ Strand : __________________

Name of Teacher : _____________________________________ Grade : _________________

Environment change as well-nature, water, earth minerals, climate, seasons, sources of
raw materials, and energy.

New knowledge replaces the old ones. Slavery has been banned. Civil rights are granted
to those who were once deprived of it. Same-sex marriage is in its worldwide
recognition. Everything changes. Nothing is permanent but change, so they say.

And all these contribute significantly to changes people experience socially, politically,
and culturally.

Do This!
Picture Perfect

DIRECTIONS: Using the Venn Diagram

SOCIAL

POLITICS CULTURES

Write in your notebook of what have you observed during the Covid 19 Pandemic
case situation in the Philippines?
Try This Activity

Activity: Identify at least 5 social, cultural, political change in your Barangay during
Enhance Community Quarantine.

Social Change Cultural Change Political Change

1. 1. 1.
2. 2. 2.
3. 3. 3.
4. 4. 4.
5. 5. 5.

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Module Code-Pasay- UCSP-Q1-W1-D1-4

Name : _________________________________________________ Strand : __________________

Name of Teacher : _____________________________________ Grade : _________________

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY
MODULE IN UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS
Q1 / Week 1/ Day 4

Lesson
The Study on Culture, Society and Politics
4

Answer through a short essay the guide question at the beginning of lesson 4 to
evaluate your understanding of this lesson.

Guide Question

➢ How do Social forces influence the life of the members of society?

➢ In what ways can social actors benefit from the operations of these social forces?
➢ Which among the social forces are sociological, cultural and political?

Topics to be discussed in this Lessons are:

1. Social Forces that shape the life chances of the actors.

2. The forms of social forces within the purview of sociology, anthropology, and
political science.
3. The cultural bases of social behavior.
4. The role of cultural and social diversities in promoting open mindedness about
existing and emerging social identities.
5. Cultural idiosyncrasies and templates of cultural diversity.
6. The political nature of social change.
7. Social engagement, both personal and shared, as forms of social activism.
8. Advantages of Social change in the promotion of cultures and development of
society.

Lesson PreTest

I. Identification

1. __________ Maps the various social forces that shape individual actions and social
interactions.
2. According to __________, social differentiation is a normal features of every known
culture in the world.
3. Cultural idiosyncrasies are perfect examples of the concept.
4. This social science discipline takes account of the “equal but different ways” of
how people live in the world.
5. A social science discipline that problematizes the unjust results of the exercise of
power and not the arrangements of power relations itself however unequal.

The Study on Culture, Society, and Politics

The Study on Culture, Society, and Politics is the subject of Anthropology, society is
for sociology, while politics is for political science. These are disciplines of the social
sciences.
The very goal of these disciplines is to prepare people for active and responsible civic
engagement through the development of critical thought. Exposure to these areas of
discipline necessarily exposes its learners to the following:

▪ social diversity and inequality,

▪ self-reflective knowledge and practice,
▪ appreciation of complexity, and
▪ advocacy for social change and order.

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Module Code-Pasay- UCSP-Q1-W1-D1-4

Name : _________________________________________________ Strand : __________________

Name of Teacher : _____________________________________ Grade : _________________

Anthropology is the study of humans and their society in the past and present. Dealing
with what makes us human, anthropology delves in objects and materials we have
created, our interconnectedness and adaptability with environment, our lifestyle, our
modes of communication, and our understanding of the world around us.
The Goals of Anthropology:

describe and analyze the biological evolution of mankind,

describe and assess the cultural development of our species,
describe, explain, and analyze the present-day human cultural similarities
and differences
describe and explain human biological diversity today.

Political Science
Political science is a social science discipline that deals with systems of government, and
the analysis of political activities and political behavior. Primarily, it helps people gain
an understanding on “who gets what, when they get it, and how they get it.”
Political science helps us understand politics, political institutions and behavior, public
policy, and philosophical concepts, such as justice, equality, fairness, and liberty; and
on how the said subject matters affect economy, public and private life, law, and public
services.
The Goals of Political Science:

be immersed in current affairs, build an understanding on the local,

national, and international politics,
learn how political activities are organized in and out of our country,
provide substantially critical and scientific contribution to government
and society.
Sociology is the study of human social relationships and institutions. This social
sciences discipline mainly focuses on society—its functions, its members, and its
diversity.
Specifically, sociology tackles the basic unit of the society—the family; the functionality
and relevance of state as an important human institution; social issues on religion,
crime, race, social class; and the stability and instability of societies.
The Goals of Sociology:
understand ourselves better,
build a better understanding of mankind
help with decision-making, both our own and that of larger organizations,
gather systematic information from which to make a decision,
provide insights into what is going on in a situation, and present alternatives

Anthropology and Sociology

Humans are interesting subjects for a study. The human story has a lot to say from
their way of living to the associations they form. The two interrelated scientific studies
of society and colloquially known as the twin social sciences are anthropology and
sociology.
Anthropology
▪ Anthropology is the study of people throughout the world, their evolutionary
history, how they behave, adapt to different environments. Communicate, and
socialize with one another.
▪ Anthropology provides us with a big picture of what it means to be human.
▪ The study of anthropology is concerned with the biological features that make us
human (such as physiology, genetic makeup, nutritional history, and evaluation)
and with social aspects (such as language, culture, politics, family, and religion).
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Module Code-Pasay- UCSP-Q1-W1-D1-4

Name : _________________________________________________ Strand : __________________

Name of Teacher : _____________________________________ Grade : _________________

Sociology
▪ Sociology is the study of human institutions and their relationships. This social
sciences discipline examines how human actions in modern societies are shaped
by social groups and by wider social, economic and political pressures.
▪ Sociology’s subject matter is diverse, ranging from crime to religion, from the
family to the state, from the divisions of race and social class to the shared
beliefs of a common culture, and from social stability to radical change in whole
societies.

Anthropological and Sociological Perspective on Culture and Society

In sociology, society is the leading concept while culture is subordinate. In
anthropology, on the other hand, culture comes first as a subject matter followed only
by society.
Let us put the two concepts this way

Sociology Anthropology
Society is a community or group of A culture is a way of life of a group of
individuals joined together because of individuals. Its subjects include symbols,
sustained bond and interaction. Its language, values and norms. According
subjects include origin, existence, and to many anthropologist, a culture can be
relationships of groups or institutions defined as a set of learned behavior and
within communities of people. beliefs that characterized a group of
people.

▪ When talking about culture, we are talking about things that are tangible,
almost like objects. They are our language, our technology, and our
institutions- things like our churches, our schools, or even our houses.
▪ However, culture is also intangible; it is our values and our behaviors. Our culture
includes our norms, the standards or rules of acceptable behavior.
▪ Culture is what makes society “them.” It gives a community the form, shape, or
identity.
▪ Society, sociologically speaking, is the people living and interacting with one another
to create a culture. Its population bonded together by their shared beliefs, attitudes,
languages, and institutions; in other words, by their culture.

Society and Culture as a Complex Whole

Edward B. Tylor defined culture as “that complex whole which includes knowledge, art,
belief, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a
member of society.”

Critical thinking activity:

Me and My Social Map

As a Student, List down five important traits of you as a person. Link each ways
to societal, cultural, and political forces. Evaluate yourself if those traits are being
practice in times of crisis in your community.

ESSAY:

Considering that if you posted something on facebook, you’re waiting for responses from
the reader.

Can an open letter of complaint Posted on Facebook bring about social change?

If so, enumerate ways on how it can be seen in a social discussion for change.

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Module Code-Pasay- UCSP-Q1-W1-D1-4

Name : _________________________________________________ Strand : __________________

Name of Teacher : _____________________________________ Grade : _________________

Module Recap Quiz

I. MULTIPLE CHOICES: Read and understand the statements below. Then

choose and write the letter of the BEST answer on the answer sheet provided.

1. Which of the following is a social science discipline that problematizes the unjust results of
the exercise power and not the arrangements of power relations itself however unequal?
A. Anthropology
B. Sociology
C. Political Science
D. Political Sociology
2. An organized group or groups of people who generally share a common territory, language
and culture, and who act together for collective survival and well-being is called __________.
A. Culture C. Society
B. Politics D. Sociology
3. A socially constructed characteristic of being male or female is termed as _________.
A. Gender C. Exceptionality
B. Ethnicity D. Nationality
4. Which term refers to the variations or modifications in the patterns of social organization, of
sub-groups, within a society, or the entire society itself?
A. Anthropological change C. Political change
B. Cultural change D. Social change
5. What do you called with the forms of behavior that are relatively set away from the norm?
A. Deviance C. Social control
B. Phenomena D. Taboo
6. Which of the following refers to the spread of culture traits from one group to another?
A. Diffusion C. Invention
B. Discovery D. Integration
For items 7-10, apply what you have learned in culture, society, and politics as conceptual tools
to develop specific behavior/phenomena. Choose your answer below and write only the letter of
the correct answer.

A. Food taboos
B. Same-sex partnership
C. Transnational families
D. Video gaming
E. Youth volunteerism
7. Members of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church are strongly prohibited from eating pork and
food with blood, as well as from smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages.
8. Michael almost missed the chance to finish high school because he had been absent most of
the time playing Clash of Clans (COC)
9. As a youth volunteer, Verna finds the rainy season a busy season due to the frequency of
typhoon-related disasters. Sometimes she spends her own money to buy relief goods for
typhoon victims.
10. Darius is openly gay. He lives with his partner Gardner. He and Gardner are both college
professors in the local city college.

What I Have Learned

✓ Human Cultural Variation refers to the differences in social behaviours that different cultures
exhibit around the world. What may be considered good etiquette in one culture may be
considered bad etiquette in another.
✓ Social differences are widely shared cultural beliefs that define the socially significant
distinctions on the basis of which a society is structured and inequality is organized (e.g.,
race, gender, occupation).
✓ Social differences are widely shared cultural beliefs that define the socially significant
distinctions on the basis of which a society is structured and inequality is organized (e.g.,
race, gender, occupation).
✓ Social differences are widely shared cultural beliefs that define the socially significant
distinctions on the basis of which a society is structured and inequality is organized (e.g.,
race, gender, occupation).
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Module Code-Pasay- UCSP-Q1-W1-D1-4

Name : _________________________________________________ Strand : __________________

Name of Teacher : _____________________________________ Grade : _________________

✓ Ethnicity and Race of society consist of people from different families, ethnic groups, and
races. This makes society very diverse and unique.
✓ Religion can be defined as a set of practices and behaviors that relate to a group of people's
belief in a God or a group of gods.
✓ Exceptionality a quality or a characteristic of a person that makes him or her different from
an established norm in a society.
✓ various physical and mental interference or problems that affect a person and which makes it
difficult for him/her to function properly in society.
✓ Nationality a person’s instinctive membership to a specific nation or country.
✓ Social behavior and phenomena are broad and complicated sociological concepts. These
involve every event between at least two individuals and include all knowledge and
experiences a person acquires in the entirety of his lifetime.
✓ Social phenomena are the individual, external, and social constructions that influence a
person’s life and development.
✓ A political behavior of a person or a group may be influenced by their political views, ideology,
and levels of political participation. An obvious example of an act of political behavior is the
act of voting.

Assessment
DIRECTIONS: write check ( ✓ ) in the provided space, if the statement is correct and (X) if the
statement is wrong.
1._____ Human Cultural Variation refers to the differences in social behaviours that different
cultures exhibit around the world.
2._____ Social differences are widely shared cultural beliefs that define the socially significant
distinctions on the basis of which a society is structured and inequality is organized
(e.g., race, gender, occupation).
3._____ The Philippines is a strict country wherein the government only imposed Roman Catholic
to be everyone’s religion.
4._____ Ethnicity refers to a group people who share the same physical attributes, such as skin
color, height and facial features.
5._____ Ethnocentrism is discrimination or prejudice based on one’s culture.
6._____ In pre-Spanish era, the socio-economic class is divided into Peninsulares, Insulares,
Mestizo and Indio.
7._____ Human beings are classified into three major races: Caucasoid, Mongoloid and Low-
income earner.
8.______ Social change is the transformation of social institution over time.
9.______ Local Public Services are provided by the government to people living within its
jurisdiction, either directly or by financing provision of services.
10._____Volunteerism is the use or involvement of a volunteer or free labor in community
services.
11._____ Political Dynasty is a term used in politics to refer to a family in which several members
are involved in public governance.
12._____ Food Taboo is the act of allowing the consumption of certain food and drinks.
13. _____ Social Phenomena are the individual, external, and social construction that
influence a person’s life and development.
14._____ Political Science helps us understand culture and society.
15._____ Sociology is the study of human social relationship and institution.

References
https://www.jstor.org/stable/1389779?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
https://www.encyclopedia.com/reference/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ethnic-
variationethnicity
https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-are-the-differences-between-nationality-and-ethnicity.html
https://www.academia.edu/35873701/Cultural_Variations_and_Social_Differences_Socioeconomic_Class
http://www.opentextbooks.org.hk/ditatopic/6201https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_variation

AUTHOR : JENNETH D. DELA CRUZ

SCHOOL : PASAY CITY EAST HIGH SCHOOL

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